Saint-Martial-de-Valette

Saint-Martial-de-Valette ; Sent Marçau de Valeta
region	Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Department	Dordogne
Arrondissement	Nontron
Canton	Périgord Vert Nontronnais
Community association	Périgord Nontronnais
Coordinates	45 ° 31 ' N , 0 ° 39' E Coordinates: 45 ° 31 ' N , 0 ° 39' E
height	135-266 m
surface	15.71 km 2
Residents	789 (January 1, 2017)
Population density	50 inhabitants / km 2
Post Code	24300
INSEE code	24451
	; Romanesque church of Saint-Martial

Saint-Martial-de-Valette ( Occitan Sent Marcau de Valeta ) is a commune with 789 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) of the North department Dordogne in the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine . It belongs to the Arrondissement of Nontron and the canton of Périgord Vert Nontronnais (until 2014: Nontron ). The responsible community association is the Communauté de communes du Périgord Nontronnais . The inhabitants are called Saint-Martialais or Saint-Martialaises .

etymology

The place name of Saint-Martial-de-Valette is derived from the Holy Martial ( Sanctus Martialis ) and the Occitan valeta meaning small valley .

geography

Saint-Martial-de-Valette is located one kilometer southwest of Nontron , 17 kilometers north of Brantôme and 37 kilometers north of Périgueux .

The topographically lowest point of the municipality is at 135 meters above sea level on the Bandiat near Montagenet in the northwest, the highest point at 266 meters near Brissoneau (municipality of Sceau-Saint-Angel) in the southeast.

Saint-Martial-de-Valette is surrounded by the following six municipalities:

	Saint-Martin-le-Pin	Nontron
Lussas-et-Nontronneau
Mareuil en Périgord (formerly Champeaux-et-la-Chapelle-Pommier )	Saint-Front-sur-Nizonne	Sceau-Saint-Angel

The municipal area of Saint-Martial-de-Valette includes the following hamlets, farms, mills, castles and landmarks:

Beauséjour , Bellevue , Bois de chez Yonnet , Bourdelières , Chabans , Château Montcheuil , Chez Litte , Chez Yonnet , Combe Falide , Fargeas , Grolhier , Hautes Roches , La Guizardie , Lage , Le Claud , Le Cluzeau , Le Grand Breuil , Le Grand Lac , Le Grand Malibas , Le Moulin de Rouchillou , Le Petit Breuil , Le Petit Claud , Le Petit Malibas , Le Petit Saint-Martin , Le Refuge , Le Sorbier , Les Bouges , Les Champs , Les Durands , Les Îles , Les Landes , Les Pelades , Les Prades , Les Perrières , Les Rapines , Lord , Maison Brulée , Massonneau , Montagenet , Moulin de Fauran , Naudonnet , Pas de Bœuf , Puy David , Puyfaiteau , Rapevache , Ribièras and Sabouret .

Transport links

Map of the commune of Saint-Martial-de-Valette

The D 675 runs through Saint-Martial-de-Valette from Nontron to Brantôme and on to Périgueux . From here the D 75 in the direction of Angoulême and the D 708 branch off near the town center ; Before leaving the municipal area, the latter splits into the D 95 to Mareuil and the D 84 to Distrlac .

The now closed Quéroy-Pranzac-Thiviers railway once ran through the northern part of the municipality .

Hydrography

The municipality of Saint-Martial-de-Valette is traversed by the Bandiat initially in a south-westerly and then in a north-westerly direction. The river makes a significant change in direction here and turns northwest into the Bandiatgraben . On the right, three smaller streams come from the high elevations of Nontron, the last one ( Ruisseau de Vergnes ) forming the north-western border to Saint-Martin-le-Pin. A small stream drains the town center on the left; it rises at a source below Sabouret . The Combe Falide on the left is a dry valley . The north-western border of the municipality to the municipality of Lussas-et-Nontronneau follows a left-hand outflow from the Bandiat, which has been dammed into several ponds.

geology

The limestone quarry at Sabouret

Tertiary coluvial sands with rhythmic alternation in the south of Saint-Martial-de-Valette

The northeast part of the municipality of Saint-Martial-de-Valette still has a share in the Variscan basement of the northwestern Massif Central . Coming from Nontron, the bandiat cuts through to behind Le Petit Saint-Martin plagioclase- leading paragneiss ( ζ ^1-2 ) that arose from the former Grauwacken . The nontron paragneiss has reached the level of anatexis and therefore shows granitoid secretions in places (microgranite ducts _μ γ ^3-4 ). The foliation of the paragneiss is very variable in its stroke direction as well as in its angle of incidence and documents at least two intersecting generations of folds . The fold is very nicely open below Le Claud along the D 675.

200 million years ago, at the beginning of the Jura, flat-lying sediments of the northeast Aquitaine basin transgressed over the metamorphic basement . At the base lies the Lower Jurassic , which is up to 30 meters thick and can be assigned to two transgressive cycles. The first cycle consists of hettangium of the formation l1-4 ( arkoses , dolomites and oolite limestone ). The second cycle of the formation 15-9 includes Pliensbachium (coarse and dolomitic sandstones ) and Toarcium (gray, marly claystones ). The Lower Jurassic is exposed in the two right side valleys of the Bandiat south of Montagenet .

In follow 140 to 190 meters of calcareous Dogger - Oberbajoc , Bathonian , Callovian and Oxfordium - formations J1B-2a , J2B , J2-6 (a) and J2-6 (b) . The Dogger claims almost all of the area south of the Bandiat. It can also occur recrystallized (areas near Montagenet , Puyfaiteau and Chabans ).

Above the Dogger there are still isolated, thin deposits of transgressive Upper Cretaceous ( Cenomanium - Formation c1-2 ), for example at the heights around Rapevache , at Le Sorbier and at Chez Yonnet .

At Brissonneau the ridge is covered by pliocene to old Pleistocene plateau fragments of the Fs formation - gravel consisting of quartz pebbles in a sandy-clay matrix. Large parts of southern ridge are further from Pleistocene detritus masked ( alluvium the formation AC in the west and Colluvium fluvial origin of the formation ACF in East Branch). Tertiary sands that became relatively thick in places were relocated during the last Ice Age. The quartz-rich sands emerged from the gneisses and granodiorites of the basement. They house the cantonal garbage dump.

Several minor disturbances run through the municipality, mainly in a north-west-south-east and north-east-south-west direction. The crystalline basement was raised like a staircase in blocks. The large quarry near Sabouret is noteworthy , in which cryptocrystalline oolite limestones of the Upper Bajoc and Lower Bathon are inclined to the south ( angle of incidence 10 to 20 °). They not only illustrate the elevation of the basement, but even show internal thrusts that can be explained by narrowing caused by the Pyrenean orogenesis. The tectonic movements of that time had thus also affected the northeastern edge of the Aquitaine Basin.

ecology

Atlantic hare bell Hyacinthoides non-scripta

Natural park

The municipality of Saint-Martial-de-Valette forms part of the Périgord-Limousin Regional Natural Park .

Protected area

The Bandiattal crossing the commune is under nature protection and is designated as ZNIEFF (French zone naturelle d'intérêt écologique, faunistique et floristique ) of type 1 under the name Vallées du réseau hydrographique du Bandiat . The flora includes more than 100 plant species with large ormennig ( Agrimonia procera ) and Atlantic hare bells ( Hyacinthoides non-scripta ) as indicator plants.

history

Oldest building in Saint-Martial-de-Valette is the Romanesque church of Saint-Martial from the 12th century .

Until 1793 the community was still called Valette-les-Eaux , from 1793 then Saint Martial de Valette . The current spelling has existed since 1801.

Population development

Population development in Saint-Martial-de-Valette
year	Residents
1962	841
1968	806
1975	788
1982	747
1990	855
1999	790
2005	819
2006	841
2007	846
2010	831
2015	802
2016	791
2017	789

Source: INSEE

The population of Saint-Martial-de-Valette has been more or less constant with slight fluctuations since the 1960s.

With an area of 15.71 square kilometers, the population density is 50 inhabitants / km². After Nontron and Piégut-Pluviers, it is the third highest in the canton of Périgord Vert Nontronnais.

mayor

Mayor of Saint-Martial-de-Valette has been Alain Lagorce , a member of the PCF , since March 2014 .

Economy and Infrastructure

Employment situation: According to the statistical survey from 1999, 43.1% of the population were employed, 28.7% retired, 19.4% in school education and 8.8% unemployed. Those in employment among the 20 to 59 year olds account for 86%, which is above the national average of 82.2%. In 2007 the number of people in employment had increased to 44.1% of the population, but the number of unemployed had also increased to 10.8%.
Company: In addition to numerous smaller companies (car repair shops, tire dealers, petrol stations, building materials suppliers, freight forwarders, furniture manufacturers, bakeries, restaurants, etc.), a metalworking company and a cheese producer are major companies in Saint-Martial-de-Valette.

Attractions

The 12th century Romanesque church of Saint-Martial , inscribed as a Monument historique since 1942
The Romanesque church of Le Petit Saint-Martin
Montcheuil Castle

Puyfaiteau Castle .