Saint-Jean-de-Côle
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Saint-Jean-de-Côle Sent Joan de Còla |
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| region | Nouvelle-Aquitaine | |
| Department | Dordogne | |
| Arrondissement | Nontron | |
| Canton | Thiviers | |
| Community association | Périgord-Limousin | |
| Coordinates | 45 ° 25 ′ N , 0 ° 50 ′ E | |
| height | 135-252 m | |
| surface | 12.70 km 2 | |
| Residents | 365 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 29 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 24800 | |
| INSEE code | 24425 | |
.JPG) The center of Saint-Jean-de-Côle from the east |
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Saint-Jean-de-Côle , Occitan Sent Joan de Cola , is a French commune of 365 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) of the North department Dordogne in the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine .
Thanks to numerous historical buildings, it has been voted one of the most beautiful villages in France . The inhabitants call themselves "Jean-Colois" or "Jean-Coloises".
etymology
Saint-Jean-de-Côle, in Occitan Sent Joan de Còla, is derived from Saint John and the river name Côle or Còla.
geography
Saint-Jean-de-Côle is 16 kilometers east-northeast of Brantôme , 18 kilometers southeast of Nontron and 6 kilometers west of Thiviers (as the crow flies). The municipality is surrounded by the following neighboring municipalities:
- Saint-Martin-de-Fressengeas in the north
- Saint-Romain-et-Saint-Clément to the east
- Thiviers to the southeast (only one point of contact)
- Vaunac in the southeast
- Saint-Pierre-de-Côle to the south and south-west and
- Villars to the west.
In addition to the town center, the community consists of the following hamlets and farms:
Barradis , Bellevue , Bonis , Boudeau , Château Trompette , Chautran , Chez Capayou , Font Close , Forêt Mêlée , Fraisse , Jouvent , L'Eyrissou , La Boine , La Bouchonnierie , La Combette , La Croix des Jarthes , La Font Pépie , La Forêt , La Maison Brûlée , La Picarette , Le Mazelier , Le Poteau , Les Bades , Les Ferrières , Les Débats , Les Granges , Les Pelouses , Les Roches , Mongeoffroy , Neuville , Pierroy , Pirou , Pont de Lavaud , Puychadier and Puymeriller .
The municipality is traversed in a south-westerly direction by the Côle , which receives the Queue d'Ane coming from the north at Pont de Lavaud as a right tributary . South of the town center, the Côle receives two left side branches, the Ruisseau de Bonis flowing to the west and the Ruisseau de la Font Pépie further south . On the right side of the valley there are also two other (nameless) small branches that flow northwest of the town center and into the Côle near Neuville .
The topographically lowest point in the municipality at 135 meters above sea level is on the Côle near Boudeau on the southern border, the highest point at 252 meters is on the northeast corner . The absolute height difference is 117 meters.
geology
.JPG)
On the northern border of the municipality of Saint-Jean-de-Côle, metamorphic basement rocks of the north-western Massif Central are just encountered. It is mica schist that is exposed at Pont de Lavaud along the south-south-east trending marginal fault . A little further to the east in the Côletal there are also leptynite eye gneisses , which emerged from Ordovician granites and belong to the arch of Saint-Yrieix . Its foliation strikes east-southeast and dips at 36 ° to north-northeast.
The flat sediments of the northern Aquitaine Basin transgressed over the basement . The sequence of layers begins with the Lower Hettang - sandstones , coarse sand and conglomerates , seen at the former train station. This is followed by dolomites , dolomitic marls and fine-grained sandstones of the Oberhettang, as well as clastic limestone and oolite limestone of the Sinemurium , which can also be dolomitic. The following Pliensbachium is at Pont de Lavaud on the right side of the valley of the Côle. It is composed of coarse sandstones and dolomitic sandstones. About the Pliensbachian lie mudstones and gray Megel of Toarciums and Aaleniums , pending on the western edge of the town center. The subsequent Upper Bajoc is built up from an alternation of cryptocrystalline limestone, bioclastic limestone and oolite limestone. The lower Bathon is characterized by oolite limestone. The Jura series ends with the middle bathon west of Boudeau , also an alternation of cryptocrystalline and bioclastic limestone in which lignite-containing clay stones are embedded.
The slopes to the left and right of the Côle are largely covered by Pleistocene colluvium . These river gravel are relocation and processing products of higher lying gravel masses , possibly reaching back to the Pliocene ( Formation Fs ), which were mainly deposited along the western and eastern borders. In the south of the Côletal, on the left side of the valley, there is a lower terrace from the Würmzeit period . All floodplains are filled with recent sediments. When crossing the marginal fault, the Côletal suddenly widens; the valley level of the gently meandering Côle then becomes up to 600 meters wide.
The edge disturbance caused silicification of the hettangium. Oberbajoc and Unterbathon can also appear recrystallized in places .
A large-scale opencast mining company Imerys on the left Côleseite at Boudeau promotes quartz pebbles as a silicon raw material from the ballast masses.
ecology
Upstream from the former train station, the valleys of the Côle and Queue d'Âne form ecotopes of the first order worthy of protection ( French zone naturelle d'intérêt faunistique et floristique or ZNIEFF for short ).
history
In 1083 an Augustinian priory was founded in Saint-Jean-de-Côle by Raynaud de Thiviers, Archbishop of Périgueux . A small town then developed around this spiritual center. The Château de la Marthonie was built around the same time . The bridge over the Côle dates back to the 12th century . In the same century the local church of Saint-Jean Baptiste was built, which at that time still belonged to the priory. During the Hundred Years War , the English looted and destroyed the priory and castle in 1394, and the monks were driven out. The English then fortified the place and held it until 1404. In 1436 Pope Eugene IV initiated the reconstruction of the priory. Saint-Jean-de-Côle also suffered very badly from the Huguenot Wars ; Troops passing through devastated the place and the Protestants sold the property of the clergy. By order of the Archbishop of Périgueux, reconstruction work began in 1669 and the clergy were forced to join the Congrégation de France . This congregation in Saint-Jean-de-Côle was dissolved in the course of the French Revolution , the religious were expelled, the buildings sold and books and manuscripts burned. On the Cassini map from 1756 to 1789, the village is still mentioned as Saint Jean de Colle . In the 19th century the community experienced a new boom with the construction of the Angoulême - Brive railway line and at that time had more than 800 inhabitants.
Population development
| Population development in Saint-Jean-de-Côle | ||||
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| year | Residents |
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| 1962 | 381 | |||
| 1968 | 318 | |||
| 1975 | 318 | |||
| 1982 | 343 | |||
| 1990 | 339 | |||
| 1999 | 326 | |||
| 2008 | 349 | |||
| 2016 | 366 | |||
Source: INSEE
The population of Saint-Jean-de-Côle declined until 1968 but has since recovered. The general decline was in line with the rest of the canton of Thiviers, but the population density is lower than in the canton. In 1886 the community still had 1107 inhabitants.
Attractions
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- The Augustinian priory from the eleventh century . The current building dates back to the fifteenth century . Monument historique since 2003.
- The local church of Saint-Jean Baptiste from the twelfth century, monument historique since 1862.
- The 12th century Côle Bridge, a historic monument since 1925.
- The 12th century Château de la Marthonie (or Marthonye). The preserved building dates from the fourteenth century . Monument historique since 1943. Open to the public.
- The half-timbered houses on rue du Fond , rebuilt in the fourteenth century.
Transport links
The center of Saint-Jean-de-Côle is crossed by the D 707 from Nontron to Thiviers. The D 78 from Brantôme meets them from the southwest. Saint-Jean-de-Côle can also be reached via the D 98 from Villars in the west. A communal road leads north from the town center to the former train station and then on to Saint-Romain. A junction at the train station to the left connects with Saint-Martin-de-Fressengeas in the north. On the right side of the valley of the Côle, a local road climbs the ridge behind Neuville and follows it to the southwest to La Chapelle-Faucher . Another municipal road follows the small brook Ruisseau de la Font Pépie up the valley to the left of the Côle and connects again to the 707 at Saint Clément .
Saint-Jean-de-Côle previously owned a train station along the now closed Angoulême-Nontron-Thiviers-Brive railway . The route now serves as a popular cycling and hiking trail.
Long-distance hiking trail
The long-distance hiking trail GR 654 (formerly GR 436) runs through the north-western part of the municipality ; it loops here from Saint-Saud-Lacoussière and then continues to Brantôme.
Way of St. James
By Saint-Jean-de-Côle of runs La Coquille backward extending Via Lemovicensis , one of the four historic " way of pilgrims in France ", on to Chancelade .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Website of the Conseil général de la Dordogne with the Occitan community names ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Saint-Jean-de-Côle on the Insee website
