Saint-Martin-de-Fressengeas
|
Saint-Martin-de-Fressengeas Sent Martin de Fraissenjas |
||
|---|---|---|
|
||
| region | Nouvelle-Aquitaine | |
| Department | Dordogne | |
| Arrondissement | Nontron | |
| Canton | Thiviers | |
| Community association | Périgord-Limousin | |
| Coordinates | 45 ° 27 ' N , 0 ° 51' E | |
| height | 148-302 m | |
| surface | 20.84 km 2 | |
| Residents | 359 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 17 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 24800 | |
| INSEE code | 24453 | |
.JPG) Saint Martin Church |
||
Saint-Martin-de-Fressengeas ( occ. Sent Martin de Fraissenjas ) is a French commune with 359 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2017) in the Dordogne department in the Aquitaine region . It is one of the ten municipalities in the canton of Thiviers . The residents call themselves "Saint-Martinais".
etymology
Saint-Martin-de-Fressengeas, in Occitan Sent Martin de Fraissenjas, is derived from Saint Martin ( Sanctus Martinus ). The Occitan addition Fraissenjas goes back to the Latin fraxinus and describes a place filled with ash trees.
geography
Saint-Martin-de-Fressengeas is located seven kilometers northwest of Thiviers and nine kilometers southeast of Saint-Pardoux-la-Rivière (as the crow flies). The municipality is surrounded by the following neighboring municipalities:
- Saint-Saud-Lacoussière in the north
- Saint-Jory-de-Chalais in the northeast
- Saint-Romain-et-Saint-Clément to the southeast
- Saint-Jean-de-Côle in the south
- Villars to the southwest and
- Milhac-de-Nontron in the northwest.
In addition to the town center, the community consists of the following hamlets, farmsteads and a mill:
Bournazeau , Boussenat , Font Grôlier , Javaneau , La Baine , La Benché , La Brégère , La Côte , La Croix , La Croix du Patureau , La Faurie , La Jarrige , La Molle , La Rebière , La Simpode , La Tuillière , Lâge , Le Bourg-Vieux , Le But , La Grand Clos , Le Hangar , Le Moulin de la Rebière , Le Peyrat , Le Suquet , Le Vignaud , Les Beyssières , Les Cosses , Les Fraux , Les Merles , Les Prades , Lespinasse , Limbeau , Maison Neuve , Manzat , Mauchat , Menaud , Meynard , Pauthier and Peyrouse .
The municipality is traversed in a north-south direction by the Queue d'Ane , a right tributary of the Côle . At the southern border, it receives the Ruisseau de la Benché as a small branch on the right , which runs towards it from the northwest. The Queue d'Ane also has two other nameless right side streams further north, which drain to the east and flow at Le Suquet and Meynard . The very narrow valley of the Queue d'Ane has cut up to 70 meters deep and is easy to meander in places (wavelength around 300 meters).
The topographically lowest point at 148 meters above sea level is at the confluence of the Queue d'Ane with the Ruisseau de la Benché, the highest point at 302 meters is on the northwest corner near Les Merles . The absolute height difference is 154 meters.
The commune is border commune with the Périgord Limousin Regional Nature Park .
geology
The municipality of Saint-Martin-de-Fressengeas has a very varied geology . A large part of the municipality lies on the metamorphic basement of the northwestern Massif Central . As the structurally deepest unit, the mica slates of the parautochthonous mica slate unit are exposed . They are in the north of the town center at La Côte and on the western border at Lâge . In they came in Pennsylvanian of Saint-Mathieu-leucogranite one which here in its Saint-Saud-facies occurs. It underlies the northern edge of the municipality at Les Merles . As a tectonically next higher unit, rocks of the lower gneiss cover follow , beginning with alternating eye gneisses , orthogneiss and leptynites of the Dronne arc - former sub-alkaline leukogranites and their arcs . These rocks can be seen along the right side of the valley of the Queue d'Ane between Peyrouse and La Faurie . Above that are the typical plagioclase- bearing paragneiss , which stretch in ribbon form from Vauriac (municipality of Saint-Jory-de-Chalais) to the right side of the Queue d'Ane and can then be followed until shortly before Les Fraux . In the river valley below Le Suquet , the leptynites of the Suquet massif occur ; These are former acidic volcanic rocks that are crossed by dolerites (are now available as amphibolites ). Above the paragneiss with the activated metavolcanites follow leptynites of the Arch of Saint-Yrieix , which emerged from Ordovician granites , and again mica schist. The southern section of the Queue d'Ane is accompanied by very rare peridotites ( serpentinites ), formed from the Harzburgite mantle rock (so-called Rebière massif ).
Flat- lying sediments of the northern Aquitaine Basin ( Lias and Dogger ) transgressed via the metamorphic rocks . The pending stratification usually extends from the Hettangium to the Aalenium (in the west also to the Unterbathon ), to be seen on both sides below the ridge on which the town center was built. This generally south-southeast oriented ridge is covered above the Jura sediments by tertiary gravel and the Pleistocene colluvium derived from it .
The southern part of the municipality is traversed by the generally south-east trending marginal fault of the Massif Central, which has split here into two branches with several smaller side branches. The vertical offset appears to be relatively insignificant, but more important is the silicification of the surrounding rock units, especially the Jura, and occasionally also the metamorphic rocks. Dogger sediments further to the west were partially recrystallized . The layer structure was also adjusted locally, for example the tertiary gravel shows a 40 ° dip to the southwest. The fault zone is also accompanied by the so-called Sidérolithique - red, ferruginous , sandy claystones with a possible Eocene age (around La Baine in the west).
Manganese ( manganese (II) oxide ) was mined in the municipal area in the 19th century , in Liaskarst pockets formed under tertiary cover near Les Prades and in gravel near Le Hangar .
history
In the Fraux cave, which was only discovered in 1990 , prehistoric carved drawings and cave paintings were discovered. A male and a horse are shown. The scratch drawings are geometric and symbolic signs. There were also Bronze Age remains, which should go back to the period 1400 to 900 BC. Including around a thousand remains of vases (50 are complete) and a jewelry hanger made of bronze . The Romanesque local church dates from the twelfth century . There was once a Cistercian monastery near the hamlets of Peyrouse and vielle Abbeye (municipality of Saint-Saud-Lacoussière) , of which only the mill at Peyrouse has survived . Columns from the monastery were used to build the portico (17th century) at the local church. Building blocks from the monastery were also used to surround the Fontaine aux engelures spring .
Population development
| Population development in Saint-Martin-de-Fressengeas | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| year | Residents |
|
||
| 1962 | 475 | |||
| 1968 | 428 | |||
| 1975 | 394 | |||
| 1982 | 390 | |||
| 1990 | 394 | |||
| 1999 | 375 | |||
| 2007 | 380 | |||
| 2016 | 360 | |||
Source: INSEE
The population in Saint-Martin-de-Fressengeas has generally declined since 1962, with slight fluctuations. The loss of population was somewhat greater than in the rest of the Canton of Thiviers. The community is relatively sparsely populated and is still below the canton average.
Attractions
- Les Fraux cave , prehistoric and Bronze Age, now a monument historique
- Saint-Martin church from the 12th century, renovated in the 19th century, with a 17th century portico
- Castle Château de Saint-Martin from the 19th century
- Manor Manoir du Merle
Transport links
In the southeast of the municipality of Saint-Martin-de-Fressengeas, the D 707 runs from Nontron to Thiviers. A communal road branches off from here at Le Hangar to the east to the town center. The D 98 coming from Saint-Jory-de-Chalais in the north-east crosses the northern part of the commune; at La Croix it branches off to the south to the center and then meets the D 707 on the western border. The center can also be reached from Saint-Jean-de-Côle via a communal road leading north. There are no traffic routes in the Queue d'Ane valley. A communal road runs over its right-hand slope, which branches off the D 98 at Menaud and continues to Saint-Jean-de-Côle. Behind La Rebière , a communal road leads into the Côletal and on to Saint-Romain; there is also a branch here that serves the hamlets on the left side of the valley of the Queue d'Ane.
The western part of the municipality was once crossed by the railway line from Saint-Pardoux-la-Rivière to Thiviers, part of the Angoulême - Brive connection .
Long-distance hiking trail
The municipality of Saint-Martin-de-Fressengeas is on the route of the GR 654 long-distance hiking trail from Saint-Saud-Lacoussière to Saint-Jean-de-Côle.
