New York Giants
| New York Giants | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Established 1925 Play in East Rutherford, New Jersey | |||
| |||
| League/conference affiliations | |||
National Football League (1925–present)
| |||
Current uniform | |||
| Team colors | Royal Blue, Red, Gray, and White | ||
| Personnel | |||
| Owner(s) | John Mara (50%) and Steve Tisch (50%) | ||
| General manager | Jerry Reese | ||
| Head coach | Tom Coughlin | ||
| Team history | |||
| |||
| Team nicknames | |||
| Big Blue Wrecking Crew, Big Blue, G-Men, The Jints, The New York Football Giants | |||
| Championships | |||
League championships (6)
| |||
Conference championships (9)
| |||
Division championships (14)
| |||
| Home fields | |||
| |||
The New York Giants are a professional American football team based in the New York City metropolitan area. The team is headquartered, trains, and plays its home games at Giants Stadium at the Meadowlands Sports Complex in the suburb of East Rutherford, New Jersey. They are currently members of the Eastern Division of the National Football Conference (NFC) in the National Football League (NFL). The Giants were one of five teams that joined the NFL in 1925, but the only one admitted that year which still exists.
The Giants have won a total of six NFL titles—four in the pre Super Bowl era (1927, 1934, 1938, 1956) and two since the advent of the Super Bowl (Super Bowls XXI and XXV). During their history the Giants have featured 15 Hall of Fame players, including NFL Most Valuable Player (MVP) award winners Mel Hein, Frank Gifford, Charlie Conerly, Y. A. Tittle, and Lawrence Taylor.
To distinguish itself from the professional baseball team of the same name, the football team was referred to as the New York Football Giants. Although the baseball team moved to San Francisco in 1957, the football team continues to use "New York Football Giants" as its legal corporate name. The team has also gained several nicknames, including "Big Blue", the "G-men", the "Big Blue Wrecking Crew", the "Jersey Giants", and the "Jints", a name seen frequently in the New York Post, presumably making light of the New York dialect.
Team history
Birth and success: 1925–1963
The Giants played their first game against All New Britain in New Britain, Connecticut, on October 5, 1925.[1][2] They defeated New Britain 26–0 in front of a crowd of 10,000.[1] The Giants were successful in their first season, finishing with an 8–4 record in 1925.[3]
In just its third season, the team finished with the best record in the league at 11–1–1 and was awarded the NFL title.[4] After a disappointing fourth season (1928) owner Mara bought the entire squad of the Detroit Wolverines, principally to acquire star quarterback Benny Friedman, and merged the two teams under the Giants name. In 1930 there were still many who questioned the quality of the professional game, claiming the college "amateurs" played with more intensity. In December 1930, the Giants played a team of Notre Dame All Stars at the Polo Grounds to raise money for the unemployed of New York City. It was also an opportunity to establish the superiority of the pro game. Knute Rockne reassembled his Four Horsemen along with the stars of his 1930 Championship squad and told them to score early, then defend. Rockne, like much of the public, thought little of pro football and expected an easy win.[5] But from the beginning it was a one-way contest, with Friedman running for two Giant touchdowns and Hap Moran passing for another. Notre Dame failed to score. When it was all over, Coach Rockne told his team, "That was the greatest football machine I ever saw. I am glad none of you got hurt."[6] The game raised $100,000 for the homeless, and is often credited with establishing the legitimacy of the professional game.[7]
In a fourteen-year span from 1933 to 1946, the Giants qualified to play in the NFL championship game 8 times, winning twice.[4] During the period the Giants were led by Hall of Fame coach Steve Owen, and Hall of Fame players Mel Hein, Red Badgro, and Tuffy Leemans. This period also included the famous "Sneakers Game", where they defeated the Chicago Bears on an icy field in the 1934 NFL championship game, while wearing sneakers for better traction.[4] The Giants were particularly successful from the latter half of the 1930s until the United States entry into World War II. They were so successful that according to one publication, "From 1936 to 1941 the New York Giants annually fielded a collection of NFL all-stars."[8] They added their third NFL championship in 1938 with a 23–17 win over the Green Bay Packers.[4]
They did not win another league title until 1956, aided by a number of future Pro Football Hall of Fame players such as running back Frank Gifford, linebacker Sam Huff, and offensive tackle Roosevelt Brown. The Giants 1956 championship team not only included players who would eventually find their way to the Pro Football Hall of Fame, but it also had a Hall of Fame coaching staff. Head coach Jim Lee Howell's staff had Vince Lombardi coaching the offense and Tom Landry coaching the defense.[9] From 1958 to 1963, the Giants played in the NFL championship game 5 out of those 6 years, but failed to win.[4] Most significantly, the Giants played the Colts in the 1958 NFL Championship game that is considered a watershed event in the history of the NFL.[10] The game, which the Giants lost in overtime 23–17,[4] is often considered one of the most important events in furthering the NFL's popularity in America. The following year, they gave up a 16-9 4th quarter lead to again lose to the Colts in the championship game, 31-16. In 1963 led by league MVP quarterback Y.A. Tittle, who threw an NFL record 36 touchdown passes, the Giants advanced to the NFL Championship game, where they lost to the Bears 14–10.
Wilderness years: 1964–1978
From 1964 to 1978, the Giants registered only two winning seasons and were unable to advance to the playoffs.[3] With players such as Tittle and Gifford approaching their mid 30s, the team declined rapidly, finishing 2–10–2 in 1964.[3] They rebounded with a 7–7 record in 1965,[3] before compiling a league-worst 1-12-1 record,[11] and allowing more than 500 points on defense in 1966.[11] During the 1969 preseason, the Giants lost their first meeting with the Jets, 37–14, in front of 70,874 fans at the Yale Bowl in New Haven, Connecticut.[12] Following the game, Wellington Mara fired coach Allie Sherman,[13] and replaced him with former Giants fullback Alex Webster.
In 1967, the team acquired quarterback Fran Tarkenton from the Minnesota Vikings. Despite having several respectable seasons with Tarkenton at quarterback, including a 7–7 finish in 1967, and 9-5 in 1970.,[3] The Giants traded him back to the Vikings after the 1971 season when the giants went 4-10.[14] Tarkenton would go on to lead his team to three Super Bowls and create a Hall of Fame resume,[14] while the Giants suffered through one of the worst stretches in their history.[3] Starting in 1973 the Giants compiled 23 wins in 6 seasons.[3] The 1977 season also featured the unusual choice of having three rookie quarterbacks on their roster.[15]
During this period, due to the renovation of Yankees Stadium, which the team shared with baseball's New York Yankees, the Giants were forced to play their home games at the Yale Bowl from 1973 through 1974, and Shea Stadium in Queens NY in 1975. [9] They finally received their own dedicated state-of-the-art stadium in 1976,[9] when they moved into the Meadowlands in East Rutherford, New Jersey. One of the low points during this period was the so-called "Miracle at the Meadowlands", which occurred in 1978.[16] With the Giants needing only to kneel the ball to secure a certain victory against the Philadelphia Eagles,[16] they chose to call a running play—which resulted in a fumble that was returned for a game-winning touchdown by the Eagles Herman Edwards.[16]
Resurgence: 1979–1993
In 1979, the Giants began the steps that would, in time, return them to the pinnacle of the NFL. These included the drafting of quarterback Phil Simms in 1979, and linebacker Lawrence Taylor in 1981.[9] In 1981 Taylor won the NFL's Defensive Rookie of the Year and Defensive Player of the Year awards and the Giants made the playoffs for the first time since 1963.[3][17] After the strike-shortened 1982 season, in which they finished 4–5,[3] head coach Ray Perkins resigned to take over the same position at the University of Alabama. In a change that wouold prove crucial in the coming years, he was replaced by the team's defensive coordinator, Bill Parcells. The Giants struggled in Parcells's initial year and finished with 3–12–1 record.[3] After 9–7 and 10–6 finishes in 1984 and 1985 respectively,[3] the Giants compiled a 14–2 record in 1986 led by league MVP and Defensive Player of the Year Taylor. After defeating the 49ers and Redskins by a combined score of 66–3 in the playoffs, the Giants advanced to play the Denver Broncos at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena in Super Bowl XXI. Led by Super Bowl MVP Simms who completed 22 of 25 passes for a Super Bowl record 88% completion percentage, they defeated the Broncos 39–20,[18] to win their first championship since 1956. In addition to Simms and Taylor, the team was led during this period by head coach Bill Parcells, tight end Mark Bavaro, running back Joe Morris, and Hall of Fame linebacker Harry Carson.
The Giants struggled to a 6–9 record in the strike-marred 1987 season,[3] with the running game in particular struggling. After rushing for 1,526 and 1,336 yards in 1985 and 1986 Morris struggled to 658 yards[19] behind an injury-riddled offensive line in 1987.[20] The early portion of the 1988 season was marred by a scandal involving Lawrence Taylor. Taylor had abused cocaine and was suspended for the first four games of the season for his second violation of the league's substance abuse policy. Despite the controversy, the Giants finished 10–6, and Taylor recorded 15.5 sacks after his return from the suspension. They surged to a 12–4 record in 1989, but lost to the Los Angeles Rams in their opening playoff game when Flipper Anderson caught a 47-yard touchdown pass to give the Rams a 19–13 overtime win. In 1990, the Giants went 13–3, and set an NFL record for fewest turnovers in a season (14),[21] and defeated the Buffalo Bills in the Super Bowl.[18] Following the 1990 season Parcells resigned as head coach and was replaced by the team's offensive coordinator Ray Handley. Handley served as coach for two disappointing seasons (1991-92), which saw the Giants fall from Super Bowl champions to a 6-10 record. He was fired following the 1992 season, and replaced by former Denver Broncos' coach Dan Reeves. In the early 1990s, Simms and Taylor, two of the teams' largest figures in the 1980s, played out the last seasons of their career with steadily declining production. The Giants experienced a resurgent season with Reeves at the healm in 1993, however, and Simms and Taylor ended their careers as members of a winning team.
Modern era: 1994–present
The Giants initially struggled in the post Simms-Taylor era. After starting 3–7 in 1994, the Giants won their final six games to finish 9–7 but missed the playoffs.[22] Quarterback Dave Brown received heavy criticism throughout the season.[23] Brown performed poorly the following two seasons, and the Giants struggled to 5–11 and 6–10 records.[3] Reeves was fired following the 1996 season, and replaced by Jim Fassel, former offensive coordinator of the Arizona Cardinals. Fassel named Danny Kanell the team's starting quarterback, and the team finished 10–5–1 and made the playoffs in 1997.[3] After losing in the first round to the Vikings in 1997, the Giants needed four wins to close out the season to finish 8–8 in 1998.
Before the 1999 season Kerry Collins was brought in to helm the team. Collins was the first–ever draft choice of the expansion Carolina Panthers in 1995, and led the Panthers to the NFC Championship game in his second season. However, problems with alcohol, conflicts with his teammates and questions about his character led to his release from the Panthers.[24] The Giants finished 7–9 in 1999.[3] The 2000 season was considered a make-or-break year for Fassel. The conventional wisdom was that Fassel needed to have a strong year and a playoff appearance to save his job. After two back-to-back losses at home against St. Louis and Detroit, the Giants fell to 7–4[25] and their playoff prospects were in question. At a press conference following the Giants' loss to Detroit, Fassel guaranteed that "[t]his team is going to the playoffs."[26] The Giants responded, winning the rest of their regular season games to finish the season 12–4[25] and earn a bye as the NFC's top seed.
The Giants won their first playoff game against the Philadelphia Eagles, 20–10, and defeated the Minnesota Vikings 41–0 in the NFC Championship game.[25] They advanced to play the Baltimore Ravens in Super Bowl XXXV. Though the Giants went into halftime down 10–0,[27] the Ravens dominated the second half. Their defense harassed Kerry Collins all game long, resulting in Collins completing only 15 of 39 passes for 112 yards and 4 interceptions.[27] The Ravens won the game 34–7.[27]
The Giants struggled after their Super Bowl loss and Fassel was replaced by current coach Tom Coughlin in 2004. Although Collins had several solid seasons as the Giants quarterback, he experienced his share of struggles. In 2004, the Giants completed a draft day trade acquiring quarterback Eli Manning out of the University of Mississippi.[28] Manning has been the team's starting quarterback since the middle of the 2004 season. Coughlin's tenure has also produced inconsistent results (a 25–23 record and two playoff appearances—both losses[29]) and spawned intense media scrutiny concerning the direction of the team.[30] During this period in their history, standout players include defensive end Michael Strahan, who set the NFL single season record in sacks in 2001,[31] and running back Tiki Barber, who set a team record for rushing yards in a season in 2005.[32] As of 2007, the Giants have made the playoffs in two consecutive seasons.
Logos and uniforms
With over 80 years of team history, the Giants have used numerous uniforms and logos. Giants' logos include several incarnations of a giant quarterback preparing to throw a football, a lowercase "ny", and stylized versions of the team nickname.
Giants' jerseys are traditionally blue or red (or white with blue or red accents), and their pants alternate between white and gray. Currently, the Giants wear home jerseys that are solid blue with white block numbering, gray pants with red and blue stripes on the pant legs, and solid blue socks. For road uniforms, they wear a white jersey with red block numbering and Northwest stripes on the sleeves, gray pants with blue and red stripes, and solid red socks. The Giants' current helmet is metallic blue with white block numbers, frontally mounted on either side of a red stripe running down the center. The helmet is adorned on both sides with the lower case "ny" logo and features a gray facemask. Additionally, the Giants have a third jersey which recalls the Giants' solid red home jerseys from the early 50's: a solid red alternate with white block numbers. This design has been fielded twice at home by the team since 2004.
Financial history and fan base
The Giants have had a long, and at times turbulent financial history. The Giants were founded by businessman and bookmaker Tim Mara with an investment of US$500 in 1925 and became one of the first teams in the then five-year-old NFL.[33] To differentiate themselves from the baseball team of the same name, they took the name "New York Football Giants", which they still use as their legal corporate name.
Although the Giants were successful on the field in their initial seasons, their financial status was a different story. Overhadowed by baseball, boxing, and college football, professional football was not a popular sport in 1925. The Giants were in dire financial straits until the 11th game of the season when Red Grange and the Chicago Bears came to town attracting over 73,000 fans.[34] This gave the the Giants a much needed influx of revenue, and perhaps altered the history of the franchise.[35][36] The following year, Grange and his agent formed a rival league and stationed a competing team, led by Grange, in New York. Though the Giants lost $50,000 that season, the rival league folded and was subsumed into the NFL.[37] Following the 1930 season, Mara transferred ownership of the team over to his two sons to insulate the team from creditors, and by 1946, he had given over complete control of the team to them. Jack, the older son, controlled the business aspects, while Wellington controlled the on-field operations.[38] After their initial struggles the Giants financial status stabilized, and they led the league in attendance several times in the 1930s and 1940s.[39]
By the early 1960s, the Giants had firmly established themselves as one of the league's biggest attractions. However, rather than continue to receive their higher share of the league television revenue, the Mara sons pushed for equal sharing of revenue for the benefit of the entire league. Revenue sharing is still practiced in the NFL today, and is credited with strengthening the league.[38] After their struggles in the latter half of the 1960s and the entire 1970s, the Giants hired an outsider, George Young, to run the football operations for the first time in franchise history.[42] The Giants on-field product and business aspects improved rapidly following the move.
In 1991, Jack Mara's son, Tim, struggling with Cancer at the time, sold his half of the team to Bob Tisch for a reported $80 million.[43] This marked the first time in franchise history the team had not been solely owned by the Mara family. In 2005, Wellington Mara, who had been with the team since its inception in 1925 when he worked as a ballboy, died at the age of 89.[44] His death was followed two weeks later by the death of Tisch.
During the 2005 season, it was announced that the New York Giants, New York Jets and the New Jersey Sports and Exhibition Authority had reached an agreement where both teams will work together to build a new stadium adjacent to the current Giants Stadium. The Giants had previously planned a $300 million dollar renovation to the Meadowlands, before deciding in in favor of the new stadium which was originally estimated to cost approximately $600 million,[45] before rising to an estimated cost of one billion dollars.[41] One advantage gained by owning the stadium is that the teams will save considerable money in tax payments. The teams plan to lease the land from the state at a cost of $6.3 million per year.[45] The state will pay for all utilities, including the $30 million needed to install them.[45]
The Giants are currently owned and operated by John K. Mara and Steve Tisch. Forbes magazine estimates the current value of the team at $890 million.[46] This ranks them 15th among the 30 teams in the league in terms of estimated value.[46] The value has steadily increased from $288 million in 1998, to their current value.[40] The magazine estimated their revenue in 2006 at $182 million, of which $46 million came from gate receipts. Operating income was $26.9 million, and player salary was $102 million.[41] Current major sponsors include Gatorade, Anheuser Busch, Toyota, and Verizon Wireless.[41] Recent former sponsors include Miller Brewing and North Fork Bank.[45] Game day concessions are provided by Aramark, and the Giants average ticket price is $72.[41]
The Giants draw their fans from the New York metropolitan area. Since their move to New Jersey in 1976, fans from each state have claimed the team as their own.[47] In January 1987, shortly before the team won Super Bowl XXI, New York City mayor Ed Koch labeled the team "foreigners" and said they were not entitled to a ticker-tape parade in New York City.[48] In 2001, when the Giants advanced to Super Bowl XXXV there was debate again over where the team would hold their parade in the event they won the Super Bowl. According to a team spokesman, in 2001, 52 percent of the Giants' season ticket-holders lived in New Jersey. Most of the remaining ticket holders lived in New York State, with some traveling from Connecticut and other states.[47] Their fans have referred to them by various nicknames over the years such as "Big Blue", the "G-men", the "Big Blue Wrecking Crew", the "Jersey Giants", and the "Jints", a name seen frequently in the New York Post, presumably making light of the New York dialect. Although not technically a nickname, often the Football is stressed when referring to the team, as in the "New York Football Giants".
Players of note
Current roster
Pro Football Hall of Famers
In the Pro Football Hall of Fame, the Giants boast the third-most enshrined members with eighteen.[49] Tim Mara and Mel Hein were a part of the original class of inductees in 1963, while linebacker Harry Carson, the most recent Giant inducted, was a part of the Class of 2006.
| New York Giants Hall of Famers | |||||||
| No. | Player | Nationality | position | No. | Player | Nat | Positions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 17 | Morris "Red" Badgro |  |
TE | -- | Wellington Mara | |
Co-owner |
| 79 | Roosevelt "Rosey" Brown | |
T | 55 | Steve Owen | |
T, Coach |
| 53 | Harry Carson | |
LB | 81 | Andy Robustelli | |
DE |
| 6 | Benny Friedman | |
QB | 50 | Ken Strong | |
HB |
| 16 | Frank Gifford | |
HB | 10 | Fran Tarkenton | |
QB |
| 7 | Mel Hein | |
C | 56 | Lawrence Taylor | |
LB |
| 70 | Sam Huff | |
LB | 14 | Y.A. Tittle | |
QB |
| 4 | Alphonse "Tuffy" Leemans | |
FB | 45 | Emlen Tunnell | |
DB |
| -- | Tim Mara | |
Owner and founder | 73 | Arnie Weinmeister |  |
DE |
Retired numbers
| New York Giants retired numbers | |||
| No. | Player | No. | Player |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ray Flaherty* | 32 | Al Blozis |
| 4 | Alphonse "Tuffy" Leemans | 40 | Joe Morrison |
| 7 | Mel Hein | 42 | Charlie Conerly |
| 11 | Phil Simms | 50 | Ken Strong |
| 14 | Y.A. Tittle | 56 | Lawrence Taylor |
| 16 | Frank Gifford | ||
*Retired in 1935, this was the first number to be retired by any team in major league sports.[50]
NFL MVP award winners
| Giants MVP winners | |||
| Year | Player | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1938 | Mel Hein | ||
| 1956 | Frank Gifford | ||
| 1959 | Charlie Conerly | ||
| 1963 | Y.A. Tittle | ||
| 1986 | Lawrence Taylor | ||
Other notable alumni
All-time first-round draft picks
Coaches of note
Head coaches
As of January 7 2007. Only regular season and postseason games are counted.
| Name | Nat | From | To | Record | Titles* | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| W | L | T | |||||
| Bob Folwell |
|
1925 | 1925 | 8 | 4 | 0 | |
| Joe Alexander |
|
1926 | 1926 | 8 | 4 | 1 | |
| Earl Potteiger |
|
1927 | 1928 | 15 | 8 | 3 | 1 |
| LeRoy Andrews |
|
1929 | 1930 | 24 | 5 | 1 | |
| Benny Friedman |
|
1930 | 1930 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| Steve Owen |
| ||||||
| Steve Owen |
|
1931 | 1953 | 153 | 108 | 17 | 2 |
| Jim Lee Howell |
|
1954 | 1960 | 55 | 29 | 4 | 1 |
| Allie Sherman |
|
1961 | 1968 | 57 | 54 | 4 | |
| Alex Webster |
|
1969 | 1973 | 29 | 40 | 1 | |
| Bill Arnsparger |
|
1974 | 1976 | 7 | 28 | 0 | |
| John McVay |
|
1976 | 1978 | 14 | 23 | 0 | |
| Ray Perkins |
|
1979 | 1982 | 24 | 35 | 0 | |
| Bill Parcells |
|
1983 | 1990 | 85 | 52 | 1 | 2 |
| Ray Handley |
|
1991 | 1992 | 14 | 18 | 0 | |
| Dan Reeves |
|
1993 | 1996 | 32 | 34 | 0 | |
| Jim Fassel |
|
1997 | 2003 | 60 | 55 | 1 | |
| Tom Coughlin |
|
2004 | Present | 25 | 25 | 0 | |
*NFL Championships (1920-1969) and Super Bowl Championships (1970-present) collected during a coaching tenure.
Current staff
|
| |||||
Radio and television
As of 2006, the Giants' flagship radio station is WFAN 660AM, the oldest all-sports radio station in the United States. Some games in August and September are moved to WFNY-FM 92.3 FM due to conflicts with the New York Mets baseball team. The play-by-play announcer is Bob Papa. Preseason telecasts not seen nationally air in the area on WNBC, "NewsChannel 4."
Notes
- ^ a b New York First Game & First Home Game Program, prodigy.net, accessed March 16, 2007.
- ^ New York Pro Eleven Takes Opening Game, The New York Times, October 5, 1925, accessed March 16, 2007.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o New York Giants (1925 - ), databasefootball.com, accessed January 23, 2007.
- ^ a b c d e f Championship games 1925-1949, giants.com, accessed January 12, 2007.
- ^ Neft, Cohen, and Korch. pg. 83
- ^ New York Giants vs. Notre Dame All Stars December 14, 1930, prodigy.net, accessed March 12, 2007.
- ^ Neft, Cohen, and Korch. pg. 83
- ^ Neft, Cohen, and Korch. pg. 113
- ^ a b c d History of the New York Giants, www.sportsecyclopedia.com, accessed September 12, 2006.
- ^ Neft, Cohen, and Korch. pg. 272
- ^ a b 1966 NFL Standings, Stats and Awards, databasefootball.com, accessed March 17, 2007.
- ^ Wallace, William M. Jets Beat Giants, 37-14; Namath Completes 14 of 16 Passes, 3 for Scores; BATTLE RETURNS PUNT FOR 86 YARDS 70,874 Fans See Jet Rookie Score in Yale Bowl -- Mathis Tallies Two Touchdowns, The New York Times, August 18, 1969, accessed March 18, 2007.
- ^ Weinraub, Bernard. Fans Show Mixed Emotions; BAD TRADES LAID TO TEAM'S PILOT, The New York Times, September 13, 1969, accessed March 18, 2007.
- ^ a b Fran Tarkenton, vikingupdate.com, accessed March 18, 2007.
- ^ Katz, Michael. Giants Go With Youth and Cut Ramsey; McVay Draws a Line, The New York Times, September 13, 1977, accessed March 21, 2007.
- ^ a b c Katz, Michael. 20 Seconds Left As Eagles Win; Jets Bow; Todd Reinjured, The New York Times, November 20, 1978, accessed March 18, 2007.
- ^ Lawrence Taylor, databasefootball.com, accessed February 20, 2007.
- ^ a b Championship Games 1950-present, giants.com, accessed January 12, 2007.
- ^ Joe Morris, databasefootball.com, accessed May 3, 2007.
- ^ Neft, Cohen, and Korch. pg. 846
- ^ Neft, Cohen, and Korch. pg. 914
- ^ 1994 New York Giants, databasefootball.com, accessed March 20, 2007.
- ^ Berkow, Ira. Sports of The Times; Brown Hopes To Wear Out Giant Fans, The New York Times, October 25, 1994, accessed March 29, 2007.
- ^ King, Peter. Renewed and revitalized at 28, Collins finally comes clean, sportsillustrated.cnn.com, January 22, 2001, accessed March 21, 2007.
- ^ a b c New York Giants, pro-football-reference.com, March 21, 2007.
- ^ Rhoden, William C. Sports of The Times; With Season at Crossroads, Fassel Dares His Team, The New York Times, November 27, 2000, accessed May 12, 2007.
- ^ a b c Super Bowl XXXV recap, NFL.com, accessed May 12, 2007.
- ^ Magee, Jerry. Nothing personal, San Diego; Eli Manning just didn't want to be a Charger, San Diego Union-Tribune, September 21, 2005, accessed March 21, 2007.
- ^ Tom Coughlin coaching profile, espn.com, accessed March 22, 2007.
- ^ Associated Press. Giants confirm Coughlin to remain coach, USA TODAY, January 10, 2007, accessed March 22, 2007.
- ^ Associated Press. Strahan breaks Gastineau's 17-year-old record, espn.com, January 2001, accessed March 22, 2007.
- ^ Tiki Barber plans to stay busy after retirement, NFL.com, February 6, 2007, accessed March 22, 2007.
- ^ History of the New York Giants, giants.com, accessed January 12, 2007.
- ^ Neft, Cohen, and Korch. pg. 52
- ^ NFL History: 1921-1930, NFL.com/history, accessed May 13, 2007.
- ^ Carroll. pg. 126
- ^ Pro Football Here to Stay, Says Mara; Giants to Play Next Year Despite Losses -- Game Also to Remain at Ebbets Field., The New York Times, December 19, 1926, accessed June 4, 2007.
- ^ a b Burke, Monte. Turning $500 Into A $573 Million NFL Team, forbes.com, August 29, 2003, accessed June 1, 2007.
- ^ Attendance Rises in Pro Football; Grand Total for League Games and Extra Contests in 1939 Placed at 1,575,289 INCREASE 12.3 PER CENT Giants First For Home Crowds With 233,440 During Season --Detroit Places Next, The New York Times, December 17, 1939, accessed June 4, 2007.
* Pro Football set Attendance Mark; National League Teams Played to More Than 1,600,000 Fans During 1940 DODGERS DREW 146,229 Washington, Pittsburgh Also Attracted Larger Crowds to Home Games, The New York Times, December 24, 1940, accessed June 4, 2007.
* Attendance Gain for Pro Football; Game Average 36.7% Higher -- 1,072,469 at 40 Contests -- 55 Last Year Drew More, The New York Times, December 7, 1943, accessed June 4, 2007. - ^ a b Teams valuation:1998-2005-New York Giants, forbes.com, accessed June 4, 2007.
- ^ a b c d e New York Giants (2006), forbes.com, accessed June 4, 2007.
- ^ Anderson, Dave. Sports of the Times; Ten Giant Steps to Superdom, The New York Times, January 25, 1987, accessed April 2, 2007.
- ^ Eskenazi,Gerald. FOOTBALL; Tisch Doesn't Plan to Be A Figurehead for Giants, The New York Times, February 22, 1991, accessed March 20, 2007.
- ^ Goldstein, Richard. Wellington Mara, the Patriarch of the N.F.L., Dies at 89, The New York Times, October 26, 2005, accessed June 4, 2007.
- ^ a b c d New York Giants (2004), forbes.com, accessed June 4, 2007.
- ^ a b NFL Team Valuations, forbes.com, August 31, 2006 accessed June 4, 2007.
- ^ a b Associated Press. Two states claim NFC champion Giants as their own, sportsillustrated.cnn.com, January 19, 2001, accessed June 4, 2007.
- ^ Hevesi, Dennis. Pre-Super Bowl Scrimmage: So Whose Giants Are They?, The New York Times, January 13, 1987, accessed June 4, 2007.
- ^ Hall of Famers by Team, profootballhof.com, accessed March 2, 2007.
- ^ Brandt, Gil. Scouts reveal their sleepers, NFL.com, August 30, 2005, accessed June 4, 2007.
Sources
- Carroll, John Martin. Grange and the Rise of Modern Football, Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1999 ISBN 0252071662
- Neft, David S., Cohen, Richard M., and Korch, Rick. The Complete History of Professional Football from 1892 to the Present, New York: St. Martin's Press, 1994 pg. 113 ISBN 0312114354
External links
