Domnowo
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Domnowo
Domnau Domnovo
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Domnowo ( Russian Домново , German Domnau , Polish Domnowo , Lithuanian Dumnava ) is a place in the Russian Oblast Kaliningrad . It is located in Pravdinsk Rajon ( Friedland ) and belongs to the municipal self-government unit of the Pravdinsk district .
Geographical location
The village is located in the historical region of East Prussia on two hills above the river Gerlach, about 13 kilometers northeast of Preussisch Eylau ( Bagrationowsk ), 15 kilometers southwest of Friedland ( Prawdinsk ) and 40 kilometers southeast of Königsberg ( Kaliningrad ).
history
The Baltic Prussian tribe of the Natanger settled in the 13th century in the Tummonis area south of the Pregel River. The name indicates sedimentary rocks and thickets (Prussian tums : dense, thickened). In the Christburg Treaty of 1249 between the Teutonic Order and the Prusai / Prussians, this area, which later gave the city of Domnau its name, is mentioned for the first time. At that time there was a Natangerburg located on the Gerlach, which the Teutonic Order conquered at the end of the 13th century and replaced with its own fortress. A settlement developed under the protection of the castle, in which an order church was built in 1321. In 1400, the Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, Konrad von Jungingen, granted the town its city rights as Domnau. The town and castle were destroyed in the Prussian war in 1458. As a reward for their military service, the Grand Master of the Teutonic Order Heinrich Reffle von Richtenberg gave his main soldiers Konrad von Egloffstein and Hartung von Egloffstein the city of Domnau as a fief. Konrad von Egloffstein built a new castle on an island in the river, and the remains of the old castle were demolished in 1474. In 1504, Susanne von Egloffstein from the Domnau family († 1558) wore the rule of Melchior von Creytzen the Elder (1475–1550) into the marriage. Between the 16th and 18th centuries, Domnau suffered from a total of seven city fires. The last owner of the von Creytz family was Abraham Johann von Creytz († 1713). Since 1630 the von Buddenbrock and around 1700 the higher appellate judge Johann Philipp von Lauwitz, who was raised to the Prussian nobility, are named as landlords. The next known owner to Domnau was the Prussian Secret State Councilor Carl Christoph von Schlippenbach (1676–1734). Like Lauwitz, he died without leaving an heir of his own. Since 1775, Domnau Castle has been owned by the von Witten family who had it expanded in 1778. In the meantime Domnau has reached other slopes again, so in 1790 that of Gallera, in 1799 that of Winterfeld and from 1828 to 1837 the 1813 from the regiment “v. Better "(no. 14) dimittierte Captain Mathias Jutrczenka Morgenstern called. Until at least 1881, however, the von Witten owners are proven, with the Counts of Kalnein at the latest in 1913 .
With the Prussian administrative order of 1815, Domnau was incorporated into the Friedland district ( renamed Bartenstein district in 1927 ) and received the seat of the district administration. Domnau did not get a rail connection, the nearest train station was in Prussian Eylau, five kilometers away . In 1880, 2082 inhabitants lived in Domnau. At the beginning of the 20th century Domnau had a Protestant church, a castle, a district court and a steam mill.
At the beginning of the First World War , two-thirds of the city was destroyed by Russian troops after the Battle of Gumbinnen in August 1914. With the help of its sponsored city Schöneberg in Brandenburg, it was rebuilt in 1916.
Towards the end of the Second World War , Domnau was partially destroyed in 1945, but the church has been well preserved to this day. In the summer of 1945, Domnau was placed under Soviet administration by the Soviet occupying power in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement, along with the northern half of East Prussia. The remaining native German population was expelled from Domnau by 1948 . As one of the very few places in the Kaliningrad Oblast , the city almost kept its historic place name when it was renamed Domnowo in 1947. At the same time, the place became the seat of a village soviet in Pravdinsk Raion .
The place and region were part of the Russian Socialist Federal Soviet Republic until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 and have belonged to the Russian Federation ever since . From 2004 to 2015 Domnowo was the seat of a rural community and has been part of the Prawdinsk district ( Friedland ) since 2016 .
Population development
- until 1945
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1782 | 1002 | |
| 1802 | 1012 | |
| 1810 | 861 | |
| 1816 | 907 | including 895 Evangelicals, three Catholics and nine Jews |
| 1821 | 1110 | |
| 1831 | 1317 | |
| 1858 | 1808 | 1,751 of them in the city (1,738 Protestants, four Catholics and nine Jews) and 57 in the castle (all Protestants) |
| 1864 | 2196 | on December 3rd |
| 1875 | 2113 | |
| 1880 | 2082 | |
| 1885 | 1980 | |
| 1900 | 1921 | mostly evangelicals |
| 1933 | 2707 | |
| 1939 | 2988 |
- since 1945
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 2002 | 801 |
| 2010 | 820 |
Domnowski selski sowet / okrug 1947–2004
The village soviet Domnowski selski sowet ( Russian Домновский сельский Совет ) was established in June 1947. After the collapse of the Soviet Union , the administrative unit existed as the village district Domnowski selski okrug ( Russian Домновский сельский округ ). The 22 settlements that were still in the village district at the end of 2004, with one exception, were transferred to the rural municipality of Domnowskoje selskoje posselenije; the place Ryabinino came to the urban municipality Pravdinskoje gorodskoje posselenije .
| Place name | Name until 1947/50 | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Aljochino (Алёхино) | Naukritten | The place was renamed in 1947. |
| Domnowo (Домново) | Domnau | Administrative headquarters |
| Filippovka (Филипповка) | Basset germ | The place was renamed in 1950. |
| Jagodnoye (Ягодное) | Kapsitten | The place was renamed in 1947. |
| Jelnino (Ельнино) | Gertlack | The place was renamed in 1947 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Yermakovo (Ермаково) | German Wilten | The place was renamed in 1947. |
| Yershovo (Ершово) | Blankenau | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Kaschtanowo (Каштаново) | Almenhausen with Neu Waldeck |
The place was renamed in 1950. |
| Klimovka (Климовка) | Sweet peas | The place was renamed in 1947. |
| Klyuchevoe (Ключевое) | Rambsen | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Komarowo (Комарово) | Gross Haferbeck | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Konstantinovka (Константиновка) | Iron beard | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Krasny Bor (Красный Бор) | Ditthausen | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Krupino (Крупино) | Lawo | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Lesnoje (Лесное) | New living space near the former forester's house Koskeim | |
| Malinovka (Малиновка) | Wolmen (Wolmen middle) | The place was renamed in 1947. |
| Nagornoje (Нагорное) | Percaps | The place was renamed in 1947. |
| Marjino (Марьино) | Fledgling | The place was renamed in 1947 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Poddubnoe (Поддубное) | Great Sporwitten | The place was renamed in 1947. |
| Pogranichnoe (Пограничное) | Redden | The place was renamed in 1950. A few individual farms to the east were inhabited (later only?), Which were probably connected to Soldatowo before 1975. |
| Privolnoye (Привольное) | Saussienen | The place was renamed in 1947. |
| Ptscholino (Пчёлино) | Valley germ | The place was renamed in 1950. |
| Rasdolnoye (Раздольное) | Warning germ | The place was renamed in 1947. |
| Raskovo (Расково) | Gostkov | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Ryabinino (Рябинино) | Korwlack | The place was renamed in 1947. |
| Shirokoye (Широкое) | Schönbruch | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Sedowo (Седово) | Charlottenthal | The place was renamed in 1950. |
| Znamenskoye (Знаменское) | Prussian Wilten | The place was renamed in 1947. |
| Sokolniki (Сокольники) | Green tree | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Soldatowo (Солдатово) | To see | The place was renamed in 1947. |
| Solowjowo (Соловьёво) | Nod | The place was renamed in 1950. |
| Sosnovka (Сосновка) | Fluff | The place was renamed in 1947. |
| Storoschewoje (Сторожевое) | Little Klitten | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1988. |
| Swobodnoye (Свободное) | Alsnienen (Wolmen West) | The place was renamed in 1947. |
| Cheryomukhovo (Черёмухово) | Big Klitten | The place was renamed in 1950. |
| Cherkassovo (Черкасово) | Upper Blankenau | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Vernoje (Верное) | Pöhlen | The place was renamed in 1947 and connected to Soldatowo before 1975. |
| Vostochnoye (Восточное) | Klein Sporwitten (Wolmen East) | The place was renamed in 1947 and connected to the place Poddubnoje before 1975. |
The six places renamed in 1950 Galkino (Domnauswalde) , Gontscharowo (Groß Saalau) , Gruschewka (Sommerfeld) , Saizewo (Stockheim) , Saretschje (Meisterfelde) and Sarja (Klein Saalau) , which according to the decree were also included in the Domnowski selski Sowet , then (before 1975) came to the Poretschenski selski sowet .
Domnovskoye selskoye posselenie 2004–2015
The rural municipality of Domnowskoje selskoje posselenije (ru. Домновское сельское поселение) was established in 2004. 28 settlements belonged to it, 21 of them from the previous village district Domnowski selski okrug and seven from Poretschenski selski okrug . At the turn of the year 2015/2016 the community was dissolved again and its places incorporated into the newly formed Pravdinsk district.
| Place name | German name |
|---|---|
| Aljochino (Алёхино) | Naukritten |
| Domnowo (Домново) | Domnau |
| Filippovka (Филипповка) | Basset germ |
| Goncharovo (Гончарово) | Great Saalau |
| Grushevka (Грушевка) | Summer field |
| Jagodnoye (Ягодное) | Kapsitten |
| Yermakovo (Ермаково) | German Wilten |
| Kaschtanowo (Каштаново) | Almenhausen with Neu Waldeck |
| Klimovka (Климовка) | Sweet peas |
| Koschewoje (Кошевое) | Lisettenfeld |
| Lesnoje (Лесное) | |
| Malinovka (Малиновка) | Wolmen |
| Nagornoje (Нагорное) | Percaps |
| Poddubnoe (Поддубное) | Great Sporwitten |
| Privolnoye (Привольное) | Saussienen |
| Prudy (Пруды) | Abbarten |
| Ptscholino (Пчёлино) | Valley germ |
| Rasdolnoye (Раздольное) | Warning germ |
| Roschtschino (Рощино) | Georgenau |
| Saizewo (Зайцево) | Stockheim |
| Sedowo (Седово) | Charlottenthal |
| Znamenskoye (Знаменское) | Prussian Wilten |
| Soldatowo (Солдатово) | To see |
| Solowjowo (Соловьёво) | Nod |
| Sosnovka (Сосновка) | Fluff |
| Swobodnoye (Свободное) | So sneer |
| Cheryomukhovo (Черёмухово) | Big Klitten |
| Chistopolje (Чистополье) | Bothkeim |
church
Church building
The Domnauer Church was built in 1321 on a hill on the east bank of the castle pond. In the 14th century it was expanded even further and above all a tower was added, made of bricks on a field stone foundation and finished with a stepped gable. The nave has no choir, instead the east wall is adorned with a stepped gable from the 15th century. A two-bay sacristy was added on the north side in the 15th century.
Some epitaphs of the von Creytzen family of the former interior are still preserved today, there is also a vespers picture made of linden wood from around 1430, which was relocated to Heilsberg (today in Polish: Lidzbark Warmiński) before 1945 .
In 1945 the church was only slightly damaged. For a long time it was then misappropriated and used as a granary for a collective farm. It then received a new roof in order to put a stop to further deterioration. In 1994, minor restoration work began, supported by the German side, especially by the Bartenstein home district community . The ogival main entrance was widened to a car driveway during the Soviet era. The church has been empty since 1997. A restoration or even a return to the Evangelical Church is not in sight.
Parish
Domnau is an old church town. The Reformation found its way here early on. The parish was previously assigned to the inspection of the court preacher, before 1945 it was incorporated into the church district Friedland (Russian: Prawdinsk), from 1927 into the church district Bartenstein (today Polish: Bartoszyce) within the church province of East Prussia of the Church of the Old Prussian Union .
After 1945 all church life was restricted or prohibited. The church has been misused. It was not until the 1990s that a Protestant congregation emerged again in Domnowo, which today uses the former Scherwitzsche Mühle as a community center, which was inaugurated in 1998. The parish in Domnowo is a branch parish of the Church of the Resurrection in Kaliningrad and belongs to the Kaliningrad provost of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of European Russia (ELCER).
Parish places
Until 1945, the parish of Domnau had a vast parish with over 30 villages:
| Name (until 1947/1950) | Russian name | Name (until 1947/1950) | Russian name |
|---|---|---|---|
| Birkenhof | Kustaminowa | Lindenhof | |
| Blekitten | Lisettenhof | ||
| Sheets | Minino | Louisenthal | |
| Charlottenthal | Sedowo | Naukritten | Alyokhino |
| Domnaushöfchen | Oberteich | ||
|
Domnauswalde (from 1927 Stockheim parish ) |
Galkino | Percaps | Nagornoje |
| Gallows | Vishnyaki | Powayen | |
| Gallitten | Pessochnoye | Prussian Wilten | Znamenskoye |
| Nod | Solovyovo | Prowarken | |
| Gender | Kuznetschnoye, now: Beryosovka |
Saussienen | Privolnoye |
| Gertlack | Yelnino | Skoden | Minino |
| Big Klitten | Cheryomukhovo | Sporgel | |
| Great Saalau | Goncharovo | Stocktienen | |
| Guwonen | Ryazanskoye | Wangnick | |
| Kapsitten | Jagodnoye | Warning germ | Rasdolnoye |
| Klein Saalau | Zarya | Wittenfeld | |
| Koskeim (forest house) | Woopen |
Pastor (until 1945)
From the Reformation until 1679, there were two Protestant clergymen (pastor and deacon, the latter also had to look after the parish of Georgenau (Russian: Roschtschino)). After that there was only one pastorate. The following were in office in Domnau until 1945:
- NN., 1529
- Martin Bohemus, 1530-1549
- NN., 1546
- Fabian Rettelius, 1547–1593
- Caspar Hennenberger , 1549–1561
- Joachim Wiremann, 1577
- Martin Rettelius, from 1593
- Peter Bluhmberg, before 1618
- David Fingerling, 1621-1656
- David Kelbich, 1632
- Johann Regius, until 1642
- Johann Preuss, 1656–1660
- Friedrich Saccus, 1660–1678
- Johann Ruprecht, 1668
- Johann Caesar, 1670
- Johann Grandzau, 1676–1677
- Johann Milo, 1678–1728, looked after Georgenau until 1684
- Ernst Corvin Milo, 1728–1755
- Johann Wilhelm Milo, 1749–1753
- Christian L. Weitenkampf, 1754
- Christoph Otto Weber, 1754–1780
- Johann Christian Riedel, 1780–1792
- Reinhold Johann, 1792-1829
- Gottlieb Bernhard Schiemann, 1830–1864
- Eduard Rudolf Otto Mück, 1864–1903
- Erich Paul Metschies, 1903–1917
- Karl Gustav Sulanke, 1917–1939
- Hans Hermann Engel, 1939–1945
Church records
The church registers of Pastor Domnau have been preserved and are being kept in the Evangelical Central Archive in Berlin :
- Baptisms: 1678-1765,
- Weddings: 1702 to 1781
- Burials: 1754-1830.
traffic
The municipal road 27K-172 runs through the village from Chekhovo on the regional road 27A-028 (ex A 196 ) to Shirokoye on the Russian-Polish border. Via the municipal road 27K-067 in Yermakovo, the regional road 27A-038 to Pravdinsk is reached, and the municipal road 27K-068 leads to Bagrationovsk.
A rail link has not existed since the Königsberg – Angerburg railway line was dismantled after the Second World War .
Sponsorship
Since August 9, 1958, the Lower Saxon city of Nienburg has sponsored the former residents of Domnau who came to the Federal Republic as displaced persons.
Sons of the place
- Andreas von Kreytzen , * 1579 in Domnau, † 1641 in Königsberg, civil servant in the Duchy of Prussia
- Georg Weissel , * 1590 in Domnau, hymn poet (Advent song " Power up the door ")
- Christian Helwich , * 1666 in Domnau, † 1740 in Breslau, city doctor in Breslau and writer
- Magnus Großjohann , * 1813 in Domnau, † 1867 in Schippenbeil, pastor and member of parliament in East Prussia
- Paul Kalweit , * 1867 in Domnau, † 1944 in Langfuhr, Protestant theologian
- Arnold Lyongrün , * 1871 in Domnau, † 1935 in Hamburg, painter (painter of Art Nouveau and Naturalism)
- Walter Krupinski , * 1920 in Domnau, † 2000 in Neunkirchen-Seelscheid, fighter pilot and army general
See also
literature
- Daniel Heinrich Arnoldt : Brief messages from all preachers who have admitted to the Lutheran churches in East Prussia since the Reformation . Königsberg 1777, pp. 179-181.
- Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Part I, Königsberg / Leipzig 1785, p. 16, point 6).
- Leopold Krug : The Prussian Monarchy - represented topographically, statistically and economically . Part 1: Province of East Prussia , Berlin 1833, pp. 493-496.
- August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore or description of Prussia. A manual for primary school teachers in the province of Prussia, as well as for all friends of the fatherland . Bornträger Brothers, Königsberg 1835, p. 514, item 111.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Kaliningradskaya oblastʹ. (Results of the 2010 all-Russian census. Kaliningrad Oblast.) Volume 1 , Table 4 (Download from the website of the Kaliningrad Oblast Territorial Organ of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
- ↑ Heinrich Gottfried Gengle: Regesten and certifications of constitutional and legal history of German cities during the Middle Ages , Erlangen, 1863, pp 804-806 .
- ^ Leopold von Ledebur : Adelslexicon der Prussischen Monarchy , Volume 1, Berlin 1855, pp. 115, 151, 193, 244 and 404 ; Volume 2, Berlin 1856, p. 15 ; Volume 3, Berlin 1858, pp. 123 and 126.
- ↑ a b Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 5, Leipzig and Vienna 1906, p. 104.
- ↑ Holger H. Herwig : The First World War. Germany and Austria-Hungary, 1914-1918 . Arnold, London 1996, ISBN 0-340-67753-8 , p. 130.
- ↑ a b By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of June 17, 1947 on the formation of village soviets , cities and workers' settlements in the Kaliningrad Oblast
- ^ Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Part I, Königsberg / Leipzig 1785, p. 16, point 6).
- ↑ a b c d Alexander August Mützell and Leopold Krug : New topographical-statistical-geographical dictionary of the Prussian state . Volume 5: T – Z , Halle 1823, pp. 274–275, item 125.
- ^ August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore or description of Prussia. A manual for primary school teachers in the province of Prussia, as well as for all friends of the fatherland . Bornträger Brothers, Königsberg 1835, p. 514, item 111.
- ↑ Adolf Schlott: Topographical-statistical overview of the government district of Königsberg, based on official sources . Hartung, Königsberg 1861, p. 79, paragraphs 46–47.
- ↑ Prussian Ministry of Finance: The results of the property and building tax assessment in the administrative district of Königsberg : Berlin 1966, 5th district Friedland, p. 2, item 30.
- ↑ a b c d e Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. bartenstein.html # ew33bartdomnau. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ Through the Закон Калининградской области от 21 декабря 2004 г. № 476 «О наделении муниципального образования" Правдинский район "статусом муниципального района и об установлении границ и наделении соответствующим статусом муниципальных образований , находящихся на его территории" (Law of the Kaliningrad Oblast of 21 December 2004, No. 476. About the equipping of municipal Formation of "Pravdinsk Raion" with the status of a municipal raion and on setting the boundaries and providing the corresponding status of the municipal formations located on its territory)
- ^ The church in Domnowo - Domnau
- ↑ Ev.-luth. Provosty Kaliningrad ( Memento of the original dated August 29, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Place directory / parish district Bartenstein ( Memento of the original from November 27, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Friedwald Moeller, Old Prussian Evangelical Pastor's Book from the Reformation to the Expulsion in 1945 , Hamburg, 1968, page 32
- ↑ Christa Stache, Directory of the Church Books in the Evangelical Central Archive in Berlin , Part 1: The Eastern Church Provinces of the Evangelical Church of the Old Prussian Union , Berlin, 1992³ and corrections and additions to it, Berlin, 2001, page 2
