Pforta State School

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Pforta State School
logo
Logo of the Pforta State School
type of school high school
founding 1543
place School gate
country Saxony-Anhalt
Country Germany
Coordinates 51 ° 8 '33 "  N , 11 ° 45' 8"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 8 '33 "  N , 11 ° 45' 8"  E
carrier Saxony-Anhalt
student about 300
Teachers 48
management Thomas Schödel
Website www.landesschule-pforta.de

The country Pforta is a boarding high school for promoting gifted. It has existed since 1543 and is one of the oldest educational institutions in Central Germany . Since its foundation, the school has used the grounds and buildings of the former Cistercian Pforta abbey in Schulpforte , a district of Naumburg in the Burgenland district in Saxony-Anhalt .

The school is one of the three princely schools that were founded in 1543 and 1550 by Duke Moritz von Sachsen after the conversion of monasteries. These schools are the oldest state schools in Germany.

From 1543 to 2018 (according to the registration book ) 21,291 students attended the Pforta State School. In 2018 the school celebrated its 475th anniversary.

history

Bay relief over the gateway to Schulpforta
Board at the entrance to the Pforta State School
Pforta gatehouse
Site plan of the school and farm buildings from 1868
The Princely School at Schulpforta

Bishop Udo I of Naumburg laid in 1137, the few years before in Schmölln endowed with monks from the monastery Walkenried occupied Cistercian Monastery to the hall and gave him the name Claustrum apud Portam ( monastery at the gate ) or Porta Mariae (Mary's Gate ). The most common Latin name for the foundation was: Claustrum Sanctae Mariae ad Portam , literally translated as Monastery of St. Mary at the Gate . The monks cultivated the land around the monastery and made it one of the richest monasteries in East Thuringia. The monastery church was built as a Romanesque basilica in 1150 and converted from 1251 to 1320 into today's Gothic monastery church.

In 1209 the monasterium Cisterciensis ordinis apud Portam , which was under the special protection of the Saxon dukes, named 27 places belonging to a total of 163 hooves , plus forests and meadows. The monastery later became one of the largest landowners in northern Thuringia through inheritances, gifts and purchases.

With the Reformation , Duke Heinrich the Pious had the Cistercian monastery closed in 1540. The monastic estates were from 1543 in the " Office of Education Pforta summarized," the bailiff at the same time managed the economic affairs of the newly established State School.

After lengthy negotiations about the further use of the buildings of the secularized monastery, Duke Moritz von Sachsen , elector from 1547, founded Schulpforta on May 21, 1543 as one of three state schools for boys. Moritz put into practice a piece of advice from Georg von Carlowitz , which he had given him in 1537: On May 21, 1543, he issued the “New State Regulations”, with which in the Von Dreyen new schools section the permanent basis for the princely and Landesschulen Pforta (1543) near Naumburg , St. Afra (1543) in Meißen and - after the veto of the Bishop of Merseburg against the establishment of such a school in his city - St. Augustin (1550) in Grimma was created.

The much-discussed thesis comes from the important pedagogue Friedrich Paulsen that the three Saxon princely schools had been the most efficient university preparatory institutions in the Protestant-German-speaking area since 1543.

150 boys from all walks of life received a university education here. The visit was free of school fees . To secure the school's material security, Duke Moritz transferred the former monastery property to the Schulpforte Foundation. From 1573 to 1575 the school was rebuilt and expanded.

After the Napoleonic Wars, the Kingdom of Saxony had to cede its parts of the state in Thuringia to Prussia at the Congress of Vienna in 1815, including the area of ​​Schulpforta. In 1850 the gatehouse was built by Friedrich August Stüler .

From the founding of the school to the end of the 19th century, Pforta had attended around 12,400 students.

During the National Socialist era , the school was converted into a National Political Education Institute (NPEA, NAPOLA) in 1935 . It served this purpose until the American occupation. On April 12, 1945, neighboring heights and the monastery itself were shelled by American artillery and tank shells . The bay window of the portal, the mill building and the hospital were hit. There were no victims because the residents had fled to the air raid shelters.

After the end of the war until 1950, an attempt was made to continue the school with the school system of the Weimar Republic . The foundation property was expropriated as a result of the land reform in the former Soviet zone of occupation . After the establishment of the GDR , the Schulpforte Foundation was finally abolished in 1949 and the facility was converted into an extended secondary school, which led to university entrance qualifications . At the same time, the school accepted girls for the first time. From 1958 to 1990 Schulpforta had the status of an extended (home) high school with 360 boarding places . In 1981 and 1982 special classes for music and foreign languages ​​were established.

In 1968, at the suggestion of former pupils of the Pforta State School, the Evangelical State School zur Pforte was founded in Meinerzhagen , Westphalia , which continued the tradition of the Princely Schools in West Germany at the time of divided Germany. The condition for admission was a corresponding talent regardless of origin. After the state school Pforta was re-established , the school was closed at the end of the 1990s and the building was demolished in 2005.

After German reunification, Schulpforta became the boarding high school Landesschule Pforta in 1990, sponsored by the state of Saxony-Anhalt for around 400 students. Grades 9 to 12 are taught in the branches languages, music and natural sciences, for which an entrance examination has to be taken. Due to the change in the school law in Saxony-Anhalt and the associated reintroduction of the Abitur after twelve years at all grammar schools in the state, the general university entrance qualification can also be achieved at the Pforta state school after twelve years of instruction. The boarding school, in which all students live, and the associated tasks for the community largely determine the daily routine. Special lessons include voice training, practical school music making, choral conducting and choir for music students, logic, astronomy, computer science and an annual internship in the 11th grade for the natural scientist. English, French, Russian, Spanish, Latin and Ancient Greek are offered to language students. In 1992 the Schulpforta Foundation was re-established as a non-profit foundation under public law.

After Karl Büchsenschütz, long-time Rector Portensis, retired at the end of the 2005 school year, Hans-Jörg Däumer, the previous head of the Laucha grammar school, temporarily took over the post of Rector of the state school on August 1, 2005. After a nationwide open application process, Bernd Westermeyer, previously the deputy headmaster of the Ecumenical Cathedral High School in Magdeburg , was introduced as Rector Portensis. He took up his post at the beginning of the 2007/08 school year, but was appointed general director of the Schloss Salem School for the 2012/13 school year . His office was taken over on October 1st, 2012 by the former deputy director of the state high school for gifted students in Schwäbisch Gmünd , Thomas Schödel.

To the historical names

When the monasteries emptied in the wake of the Reformation, the question arose of what should be done with the buildings and the considerable property. Duke Moritz von Sachsen decided to set up schools in three of these monasteries. This created schools that were run by the sovereign, i.e. state schools.

Hence the historical names of these schools - they were electoral schools, i.e. princely schools . In addition, they were schools in or for the ruler's sphere of influence, i.e. for the electorate, for the kingdom (from 1806), for the Free State of Saxony (from 1919) - in short for the "Land", from which the designation state schools resulted.

Reformation and the state school

In connection with the Luther Decade and the anniversary “500 years of the Reformation ” in 2017, Volker Beyrich points out that the three princely schools in Schulpforta, Meißen and Grimma had intended “stabilizing effects” on the Reformation, as the text of the deed of foundation shows: The schools should be founded "so that there is no shortage of church servants over time", that is, enough excellently trained state school leavers should be available in good time to study theology, graduates who later work as pastors in Evangelical Lutheran parishes or higher could exercise church offices. For example, according to Beyrich's research, 15 of the 25 boys who were admitted to the school in Grimma in the founding year 1550 and for whom the later profession is known, studied theology. Studies of 550 schoolchildren who attended the Grimma State School from 1701 to 1750 showed that more than 40 percent of them later exercised church professions - that is, the relative majority.

The Reformation made the state schools possible in the first place - both in terms of content and material. Conversely, according to Beyrich, the state schools contributed “not insignificantly to the stabilization of the Reformation and the Evangelical Lutheran Church: They also contributed to the strengthening of the Saxon rectory, which over the centuries was not only for the Christian faith and the Evangelical Lutheran Church played a major role, but for the entire cultural development of Saxony. "

Boarding school life

The old school house
Princely house in Schulpforte (1573)

Boarding school life today

From the first day on, the students take on responsibilities in Schulpforta, such as family and wedge service. The famulus sits in the entrance area of ​​his boarding school from the quiet, the afternoon homework time. The wedge service is responsible for ringing the wedge bell, which instead of an electric bell determines the daily rhythm, for example the break and boarding times. Rules and rights are mainly distributed according to the grade level, the twelfth graders, for example, no longer have to perform the famulus and wedge services. In contrast to other state schools, the self-administration of the students is here to a greater extent a reality. The elements of boarding school life include the Neunerschwoof , a kind of humorous traditional inauguration ceremony for the new boarding school students , and the baptism at the Klopstock spring as acceptance into the Pfortenser community. In the course of the school year there are other traditions such as the Martini goose meal on November 11th , the rag ball in November, the elves with solemn development in Advent, the Mardi Gras in February and the school festival in May, where the school birthday is duly celebrated.

The students are accommodated in the boarding schools I-VI and in the Princely House in single to four-bed rooms. Only girls live in boarding schools II and VI, while girls and boys live in different corridors in the other houses. Boarding schools I and IV in the closed building were reopened for the 2016/17 school year after complete renovation.

Boarding school life between the 18th and early 20th centuries

The regular teaching time initially only comprised around half of the pupils' working hours and was repeatedly interrupted by repetitive times or working hours . This meant that the students stayed in groups of about 10 to 18 students in the rooms, where they worked under the supervision of a primary school student (12th or 13th grade), who in turn did his personal work during this time. The students were still divided into table groups, in which the table elder had to ensure that there was rest.

Schulpforta school
Main building of the Pforta State School

Among the primary school students, some had additional responsibilities as inspectors with supervision in the dormitories (for one or two classes each), at lunch and during free time within the school. These inspectors had the right to punish all pupils up to the upper secondary level (11th grade), even if they normally did not exercise this power against the “upper taps” of the 11th grade. The assembly of inspectors imposed heavier sentences. Only in the case of serious violations was the responsible teacher (Hebdomadar) informed, who was also able to bring such cases to the teachers' conference (synod) .

Today, the inspectors have been replaced by hallway and boarding school spokespersons, the hallway speakers check their hallway at the beginning of the silent period (homework time) and when they are required to stay in the room (9:00 p.m. for ninth graders, then a quarter of an hour later for each year, there is none for twelve students Compulsory room more). Meal service is now divided up separately, each student's turn in the year.

Free time usually meant that the students had to leave the building and stay on the school premises (even when the temperature was below 15 degrees below zero). For a long time, the right to leave the school premises was only granted to primary school students for a few hours a week: normally three hours or four hours for those who had distinguished themselves. Under the influence of the youth movement and reform education , the cloister was slowly relaxed. This meant that students in the lower grades (8th and 9th) were allowed to leave the school premises, but only for one to two hours per week. Today you can leave the school premises in your free time at any time, but only if the student has entered their name, destination and time in the log book.

School successes

The school can look back on remarkable successes in its long history.

The following prominent personalities were students of the Pforta State School:

  • In national competitions in the natural sciences and languages, the Schulpfortas students are regularly well ahead.
  • The school's choirs (including the former choir) under the direction of Kersten Lachmann and Matthias Jende are regularly recognized for their achievements. The choir performances are also documented on sound carriers, for example on the CD "Locus iste" from 1993 and the CD "Gott b'hüte dich - The choirs of the Pforta State School sing in the St. Marien ad Portam monastery church" from 1996, published by Mitra Schallplatten Bonn. The regular concerts of both choirs, the girls' choir and the youth choir, in the monastery church are popular .
  • In the 2000s, pupils created compositions such as the cycle Eine Reise mit Jesus by Raphael Michaelis and the melodrama John Maynard by Thomas Krüger , which was performed in the Phönix-Theaterwelt Wittenberg.

Attractions

The school premises are freely accessible during the day. The former monastery church with cemetery and the cloister can also be visited.

Historical library

The school's library, which was founded around 1570, now has 80,000 titles, one of the most extensive old holdings among German school libraries . Its inventory includes school programs , school literature (including manuscripts), works by former Pforte students and an extensive Klopstock collection.

In addition, documents on the history of the school, its teachers and students since 1543 can also be found in the archives of the Fürstenschüler Foundation , which stores documents on the three former Saxon sister princely schools in Grimma and is located in the St. Augustin grammar school .

organ

Auditorium with Ladegast organ

In 1884 the school received an organ from Friedrich Ladegast , an outstanding representative of romantic organ building. His opus 106 comprises 11 stops on two manuals and a pedal in a neo-Gothic case, which was probably designed by Carl Schäfer . After decades of neglect and temporary storage, the organ was repaired in 2005 by the organ building workshop Rösel & Hercher .

Schulpforta as a location

The school was also the location for various German film productions, for example Bibi Blocksberg and the secret of the blue owls , The Popess , The Best Years and Lasko - Die Faust Gottes .

people

Rectors

Rector's Gallery
Rector Walther

Inspectors and administrators

Known teachers

The students were also taught by eminent teachers such as Sethus Calvisius 1582–1594. Johann Joachim Gottlob at the end is known at least as the teacher of the poet Klopstock . The teacher and literary historian Karl August Koberstein , who taught in Schulpforta from 1820 to 1870, was Georg Groddeck 's maternal grandfather and, among other things, the teacher of Friedrich Nietzsche . Koberstein was the elected conference president of the great people's assembly in Kösen in July 1848. Other teachers were:

Carl Philipp Euler

Alumni

Johann Hermann Schein
Johann Gottlieb Fichte

Until the 18th century

19th century

Friedrich Nietzsche

20th century

Berndt page

Stumbling blocks

In 2009, two stumbling blocks were laid on the Schulstrasse 12 building in memory of two former students from the Pforta State School:

Varia

See also

literature

Special postage stamp of the German Federal Post Office 1993: 450 years of the school gate
  • Friedrich August Weishuhn: About the school gate: In addition to some preliminary considerations about school education in general. Berlin 1786.
  • Karl Christian Gottlieb Schmidt, Friedrich Karl Kraft: The Landesschule Pforte, represented according to its current and former constitution. Self-published, Schleusingen 1814 ( uni-halle.de ).
  • Heinrich Bittcher : Gatekeeper Album. Directory of all teachers and students of the Royal. Prussia. Pforta State School from 1543 to 1843. Vogel Verlag, Leipzig 1843 ( books.google.de ).
  • Carl Kirchner: The Pforta State School in its historical development since the beginning of the XIX. Century to the present. Invitation to the third secular celebration of your foundation on May 21, 1843. 1843 ( books.google.de ).
  • Wilhelm Corssen: Antiquities and art monuments of the Cistercian monastery St. Marien and the state school at the gate. Bookshop of the orphanage, Halle 1868.
  • Max Hoffmann (Ed.): Porter Stammbuch 1543–1893 for the 350th anniversary celebration of the Royal State School Pforta. Berlin 1893.
  • Paul Flemming: Letters and files on the oldest history of Schulpforta, e. Contribution to history d. School in d. Years 1543–1548. Naumburg a. P. 1900 ( Munich Digitization Center ).
  • Joachim Böhme: The gatekeeper education. Their characteristics and their development in the last decades. Schulpforta 1931 ( wordpress.com ).
  • Wolfgang Pahncke : The origin and development of physical exercises and physical education in the Princely and State School Schulpforte. Diss. Rostock, 1956.
  • Gerhard Arnhardt: School gate . A school under the sign of the humanistic educational tradition. Verlag Volk und Wissen, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-06-217746-2 .
  • Karl Büchsenschütz: So that there won't be a shortage of learned people in our countries. In: Schulpforta, 450 years of school history. Edition Leipzig, Leipzig 1993, ISBN 3-361-00409-8 .
  • Wieland Führ (Ed.): Vivat Porta. Pictures of the school gate from the 18th and 19th centuries. Koberger Verlag, Nuremberg 1993.
  • Maren Rethemeier: About Pennalism in the Saxon princely schools from the beginning to the end of the 19th century. Scientific work for the first state examination for the teaching profession for the primary level, Dortmund 1994.
  • Hans Heumann: Schulpforta. Tradition and change in an elite school. Publishing house Thuringia, Erfurt 1994, ISBN 3-89683-016-3 .
  • Hartmut Vahl: Napola Schulpforta. 1943-1945. Hamburg 2000.
  • Sigrid Schütze-Rodemann: Pforta. The Cistercian monastery, the state school. Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 2001, ISBN 3-7954-1419-9 .
  • Gerhard Arnhardt; Gerd-Bodo Reinert: The Princely and State Schools of Meißen, Schulpforte and Grimma - way of life and teaching over centuries. Weinheim 2002, ISBN 3-407-32015-9 .
  • Petra Dorfmüller, Eckart Kissling: School gate. Cistercian Abbey of Sankt Marien zur Pforte, Pforta State School. German Kunstverlag, Munich 2004, ISBN 3-422-06499-0 .
  • Jonas Flöter: Elite education in Saxony and Prussia. The Princely and State Schools Grimma, Meißen, Joachimsthal and Pforta (1868–1933). Cologne / Weimar / Vienna 2009, ISBN 978-3-412-20319-1 .
  • Dirk Heinecke: Transformation processes in the school system of the Soviet occupation zone / early German Democratic Republic 1945 to 1958 using the example of the former Princely School and National Political Educational Institution Schulpforta. Diss. FU Berlin, 2012 ( full text ).
  • Linda Wenke Bönisch: Universities and Princely Schools between War and Peace. A matriculation study on the Central German educational landscape in the denominational age (1563–1650). Publisher epubli GmbH, Berlin 2013, ISBN 978-3-8442-7505-6 . (The universities of Alma mater Lipsiensis in Leipzig, Leucorea in Wittenberg, Salana in Jena, Alma mater Erffordensis in Erfurt and the princely schools of St. Afra in Meißen, St. Marien in Schulpforta and St. Augustin in Grimma are examined.)

Web links

Commons : Schulpforta  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Pforta  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Volker Beyrich : 1549: Duke Moritz clears the way for the Princely School in Grimma - Elector of Saxony regulates free education and enables sons of poorer city citizens access . In: Leipziger Volkszeitung , Muldental edition, June 4, 2018, p. 28 (topic of the day).
  2. ↑ Well-kept treasure in the school library , article in the Leipziger Volkszeitung , print edition, April 10, 2018, p. 4
  3. ↑ Klaus-Dieter Fichtner: Wake up on Sundays at six o'clock - In May the Pforta State School will celebrate a high point in its school life - the educational institution will celebrate its 475th anniversary. Naumburger Tageblatt , online edition. Retrieved April 15, 2018 .
  4. ^ Leopoldus Janauschek: Originum Cisterciensium Tomus Primus. Vienna 1877, p. 25.
  5. ↑ Gerhard Arnhardt: Schulpforte. Verlag Volk und Wissen, 1988, p. 15.
  6. ↑ By 1900, these institutions produced around 9,100 in Meißen and around 7,500 in Grimma, mostly very well-trained school leavers; In Pforta, which became Prussian from 1815, there were 12,400 who were optimally prepared for their tasks in administration, church, science, the military and government after completing their university studies. This “Saxon state and princely school model” proved to be so successful that it soon found imitators elsewhere: Following the example of these three schools, the Schwerin Princely School , founded in 1553 by Duke Johann Albrecht I , and the Heilsbronn Princely School in 1582, emerged founded by Margrave Georg Friedrich on the site of a monastery closed in 1578, the Joachimsthalsche Gymnasium , founded in 1607 in Joachimsthal in Brandenburg under Elector Joachim Friedrich and the Fürstenschule Neustadt (Hochfürstlich Brandenburgisch-Culmbachische Teutsche and Latin City School). Die Landesschule ( Memento from August 2, 2013 in the web archive archive.today ) In: pforta.de
  7. ^ LS Pforta: School history. In: landesschule-pforta.de. Retrieved January 18, 2015 .
  8. ↑ Notarisation of the school's founding in 1543 ( memento from April 17, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) In: landesschule-pforta.de
  9. ↑ Quote from the book presentation on the publisher's website ( Memento of the original from February 20, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed on May 16, 2014. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.beltz.de
  10. ↑ Jonas Flöter, Marita Pesenecker: Education for the Elite. The Princely and State Schools of Grimma, Meißen and Schulpforte around 1900 . Publication for the exhibition in the district museum Grimma. Leipzig 2003, ISBN 3-937209-33-6 , p. 95.
  11. ↑ Jürgen Möller: End of the war on Saale and Unstrut. April 1945 . Rockstuhl Publishing House, Bad Langensalza 2013, p. 137.
  12. ^ Wolfgang Messner: Salem Castle: Bernd Westermeyer is the new headmaster - Stuttgarter Zeitung. In: stuttgarter-zeitung.de. October 5, 2011, accessed January 18, 2015 .
  13. ↑ Landesschule Pforta: Inauguration of the new Rector ( Memento from July 31, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Retrieved on October 31, 2012
  14. ↑ Volker Beyrich: 1549: Duke Moritz clears the way for the Princely School in Grimma - Elector of Saxony regulates free education and enables sons of poorer city citizens access . In: Leipziger Volkszeitung , Muldental edition, June 4, 2018, p. 28 (topic of the day).
  15. ↑ Volker Beyrich: Reformation and state schools. "... so that over time there is no shortage of church servants and other learned people ..." In: Leipziger Volkszeitung, Muldental edition, October 6, 2014, p. 29.
  16. ^ State school Pforta: Building measures , accessed on October 31, 2012
  17. ^ Joachim Böhme: The gatekeeper education. 1931, p. 38.
  18. ^ Joachim Böhme: The gatekeeper education. 1931, p. 48 ff.
  19. ↑ Source: CD template
  20. ^ LS Pforta: Historical Library. In: landesschule-pforta.de. Retrieved January 18, 2015 .
  21. ↑ film location. In: www.stiftung-schulpforta.de. Retrieved June 30, 2017 .
  22. ↑ Roland Lüders: Remembrance in concrete form. In: naumburger-tageblatt.de. August 19, 2009, accessed January 18, 2015 .
  23. ^ Bad Dürrenberg. Retrieved January 21, 2019 .