Lobelia

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Lobelia
Male faithful (Lobelia erinus), blue variety

Male faithful ( Lobelia erinus ), blue variety

Systematics
Asterids
Euasterids II
Order : Astern-like (Asterales)
Family : Bellflower family (Campanulaceae)
Subfamily : Lobelioideae
Genre : Lobelia
Scientific name
Lobelia
L.

The lobelia ( Lobelia ) are a genus of plants within the bellflower family (Campanulaceae). The approximately 440 species are distributed worldwide mostly in tropical or subtropical areas. The varieties of some species are ornamental plants for parks and gardens, some cultivated as annual summer flowers.

description

Indian tobacco ( Lobelia inflata ), illustration from Koehler 1887

Appearance and Roots

The habitus of the Lobelia species is very different. Lobelia species are seldom one , two or more often perennial (monocarpic) or often perennial (polycarpic) herbaceous plants that sometimes become lignified at their base, some species grow as shrubs . Some species are "crested trees" in high mountain regions in Africa, they belong to the Tupa section ; with them the trunk lignifies. The shoot axes are independently upright, ascending, lying to prostrate and usually only slightly branched. The diameter of the dainty to robust shoot axes varies greatly depending on the species, from no more than 5 millimeters to several decimeters. The stature height is very different depending on the species from about 2 centimeters to 9 meters.

Some species form rhizomes or runners . It is often a significant main root formed as taproot may or may bulbous; sometimes only adventitious fiber roots are formed.

Most of the above-ground parts of the plant are bare, except for the "Schopfbaum" species. The plants have a poisonous, clear or white, rarely colored, milky sap .

leaves

Most alternate on the stem axis are arranged in two rows or distributed spirally leaves are sessile or pedunculated. The leaf blades are simple. The leaf margins are often serrated differently, rarely smooth or lobed. It is mostly pinnate veins. Stipules are missing.

Inflorescences and flowers

Cardinal lobelia inflorescence ( Lobelia cardinalis )

The stalked flowers stand individually in the leaf axils or in terminal, racemose , spike-like , umbellate or zymous inflorescences . There are mostly foliage-like to reduced bracts or bracts . The flower stalks often have a pair of more or less opposite bracts typically in the lower two thirds. The position of the flower comes about through resupination of the hypanthium .

The flowers are mostly zygomorphic and five-fold with a double flower envelope .

The bud coverage of the sepals is valvat. The sepals are fused Roehrig. The calyx tube is fused with the ovary and forms a flower cup (hypanthium). The calyxes are usually radial symmetry, rarely zygomorphic. The usually five, very rarely only four, durable calyx lobes are triangular and have a smooth or sawn edge. The seldom there is ear-like appendages in the calyx bays.

The five petals that are more or less the same in some species or clearly different in many species are usually fused tubular over at least half of their length. The corolla tube is straight to curved. The corolla is mostly zygomorphic, rarely almost radial symmetry. If the petals are different, then the corolla, which ends on the upper side almost to the base split corolla tube, has two lips with spread corolla lobes. The upper lip consists of two often narrow and upright to recurved corolla lobes, which are usually significantly shorter than those of the lower lip. The lower lip consists of three extended corolla lobes. The colors of the petals are often different blue and purple, often with tints of mauve or pink, more rarely pink to red, orange to yellow, green or white; often the petals also have several colors. A more or less long, slender nectar spur is rarely present.

Most of the flowers are hermaphroditic; if the flowers are unisexual, then the species are dioecious separately sexed ( diocesan ).

There is only one circle with five stamens , they are fused with the base of the petals. The stamens are fused over at least half of their length; but in some species they can split apart during the flowering process ( anthesis ). The anthers are fused into a tube that surrounds the stylus. The stamen tube is often hairy. The anthers are often bearded at their upper end with a scoop of short, mostly thread-shaped hair. The top three anthers are slightly longer and can sometimes be hairless.

Two carpels are one under permanent or semi-permanent under, two-chambered ovary grown. At the central angle there are many relatively small, anatropic, unitegmic, tenuinucellate ovules . The slender, stem-round style ends in a double-lobed stigma.

Fruits and seeds

Fruits of Lobelia heterophylla

The fruits are mostly fissured (= loculicidal) capsule fruits that open with two fruit valves or, more rarely, fleshy to dry berries; they contain many seeds.

The smooth, finely pitted, grooved or warty seeds are elongated or triangular; sometimes they are winged. The seed coat (testa) is very different.

Sets of chromosomes

The number of chromosomes is assumed to be x = 7. There are many degrees of ploidy , diploidy with 2n = 14, tetraploidy with 2n = 28, hexaploidy with 2n = 42, octoploidy with 2n = 56, decaploidy with 2n = 70, endecaploidy with 2n = 77, dodecaploidy with 2n = 84, tridecaploidy with 2n = 91 and icosaploidy with 2n = 140. Further chromosome numbers are 2n = 12, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 38, 56, 70, 77, 84 or 91; How this comes about is controversial and is not known for sure.

ecology

Most species grow terrestrially , but a few are epiphytes, facultative, or obligatory hydrophytes ; some species are geophytes . There are therophytes , hemicryptophytes, chamaephytes , nanophanerophytes to phanerophytes .

The flowers are proterandric . There is secondary pollen presentation. In the course of the anthesis , the stylus grows through the anthers tube and strips off the pollen.

Most species have very strikingly colored flowers. Many of the species native to the Andes are pollinated by birds ( hummingbirds ), others by various insects (bees and butterflies). There are many adaptations of the inflorescences, flower stalks and flowers to favor pollination by diverse animals, i.e. by zoophilia chasmogamy .

ingredients

Molecular structure of lobeline

Lobelia contain various alkaloids ( lobelia alkaloids ), especially lobeline . All lobelia species are poisonous.

use

The varieties of some species are ornamental plants for parks and gardens, some cultivated as annual summer flowers. Few species are used in paludariums and aquariums.

This article or the following section is not adequately provided with supporting documents ( e.g. individual evidence ). Information without sufficient evidence could be removed soon. Please help Wikipedia by researching the information and including good evidence.

Male faithful ( Lobelia erinus ) is used as a bedding and balcony plant and healing effects are reported. Of Lobelia coronopifolia and Lobelia flaccida a healing effect has been reported. Lobelia pinifolia is used as a medicinal plant against skin diseases. Indian tobacco ( Lobelia inflata ) was smoked against asthma as well as tobacco cessation, but is fatally poisonous if overdosed due to the high alkaloid content of this species. Blue cardinal lobelia ( Lobelia siphilitica ) was previously used in the cure of syphilis .

Systematics, botanical history and distribution

Taxonomy

The name Lobelia was already used by Charles Plumier in 1703 in Nova Plantarum Americanarum Genera, J. Boudot, Paris .

The genus Lobelia was validly established by Carl von Linné in 1753 in Species Plantarum , Laurentius Salvius, Stockholm and in 1754 in Genera Plantarum, Laurentius Salvius, Stockholm . The generic name Lobelia honors the Flemish botanist and doctor Matthias de L'Obel (Lobelius) (1538 to 1616). The accepted Lectypus species Lobelia cardinalis L. was established in 1929 by Charles Leo Hitchcock and Mary Letitia Green in Nomenclature, Proposals by British Botanists , 184.

Synonyms for the Lobelia L. are: Calcaratolobelia Wilbur , Cardinalis Fabr. , Chamula Noronha , Colensoa Hook. f. , Where Manna Hill , Dortmannia Kuntze orth. Var., Enchysia C.Presl , Euhaynaldia Borbás , Galeatella (E.Wimm.) O.Deg. & I.Deg. , Haynaldia Kanitz nom. illeg., Holostigma G.Don , Holostigmateia Rchb. nom. Superfl., Hypsela C.Presl , Isolobus A.DC. , Laurentia Michx. ex Adans. , Mecoschistum Dulac nom. superflat., Neowimmeria O.Deg. & I.Deg. , Piddingtonia A.DC. , Pratia Gaudich. , Rapuntium Mill. , Rhynchopetalum Fresen. , Speirema Hook. f. & Thomson , Trimeris C.Presl , Tupa G.Don , Tylomium C.Presl .

External system

Lobelia is the most species-rich genus of the subfamily Lobelioideae Burnett within the family Campanulaceae .

Internal systematics and distribution

Strikingly colored, zygomorphic flowers of the Mexican bush lobelia ( Lobelia laxiflora )

The genus Lobelia is distributed worldwide. Most species are native to tropical or subtropical regions. A focus of the species diversity of the genus is in the Neotropic . Centers of diversity are the African continent and Mexico . About 69 species are native to South Africa. There are more than 23 species in China, at least six of them only there. There are around 14 species in Madagascar, around nine of them only there.

The 2011 approximately 415 species were divided into 18 sections by Lammers in 2011 (the number of species contained in brackets):

  • Lobelia sect. Colensoa (Hook. F.) J.Murata (1 species)
  • Lobelia sect. Cryptostemon (E. Wimm.) J.Murata (10 species)
  • Lobelia sect. Delostemon ( E. Wimm .) J.Murata (44 species)
  • Lobelia sect. Galeatella E. Wimm . (5 types)
  • Lobelia sect. Holopogon Benth. (14 kinds)
  • Lobelia sect. Homochilus A.DC. (5 types)
  • Lobelia sect. Hypsela (C.Presl) Lammers (43 species)
  • Lobelia sect. Jasionopsis Lammers : It was repositioned in 2011 (1 species)
  • Lobelia sect. Lobelia (22 species)
  • Lobelia sect. Mezleriopsis Lammers : It was re-established in 2011 (7 species)
  • Lobelia sect. Plagiobotrys Lammers (1 kind)
  • Lobelia sect. Rhynchopetalum (Fresen.) Benth. (61 species)
  • Lobelia sect. Revolutella E. Wimm . (9 types)
  • Lobelia sect. Speirema (Hook. F. & Thomson) Lammers (5 species)
  • Lobelia sect. Stenotium (C.Presl) Lammers (144 species)
  • Lobelia sect. Trimeris (C. Presl) A.DC. (1 kind)
  • Lobelia sect. Tupa (G.Don) Benth. (4 types)
  • Lobelia sect. Tylomium ( C. Presl ) Benth. (38 species)

In the genus Lobelia there are about 439 species since 2020:

Habit and flowers of Lobelia chinensis
  • Lobelia chinensis Lour. : It is in Sri Lanka , India , Bangladesh , Nepal , Thailand , Vietnam, Korea , Cambodia , Laos , Malaysia , Taiwan , Japan (including the Ryūkyū Islands ) and the Chinese provinces of Anhui , Fujian , Guangdong , Guangxi , Guizhou , Hainan , Hubei , Hunan , Jiangsu , Jiangxi , Sichuan , Yunnan and Zhejiang are common.
  • Lobelia chireensis A. Rich . (Syn .: Lobelia victorialis E. Wimm. ): It occurs from northern Ethiopia via Tanzania , Burundi and Zambia to Zimbabwe .
  • Lobelia christii Urb. : This endemic occurs only in Haiti .
  • Lobelia circaeoides (C.Presl) A.DC. : It probably occurs in Mexico.
  • Lobelia cirsiifolia Lam. (Syn .: Lobelia racemosa Sims nom. Illeg., Lobelia infesta (Griseb.) Urb. , Lobelia heterodonta Sprague , Lobelia ryanii Rendle , Lobelia cirsiifolia var. Opilionis E. Wimm . ): It occurs only in the Lesser Antilles .
  • Lobelia clavata E. Wimm. : It occurs in Assam, in northern Myanmar, in northern Thailand, Vietnam, Laos and in the Chinese provinces of southwestern Guizhou ( Anlong only) and southern Yunnan.
  • Lobelia claviflora Albr. & RWJobson : The species first described in 2018 occurs in New South Wales.
  • Lobelia cleistogamoides N.G.Walsh & Albr. : It was first described in 2007. It occurs in southern Western Australia and South Australia .
  • Lobelia cliffortiana L. (Syn .: Lobelia bisserrata Sessé & Moc. , Lobelia chenopodiifolia Wall. Ex G.Don , Lobelia tetragona Blume ): It occurs on many Caribbean islands . It is a neophyte in some tropical areas.
  • Lobelia cobaltica S.Moore (Syn .: Lobelia longipilosa E. Wimm . ): It occurs in Zimbabwe and Mozambique.
  • Lobelia cochleariifolia Diels : It occurs only in the South African province of KwaZulu-Natal.
  • Lobelia collina Kunth (Syn .: Lobelia linifolia Willd. Ex Schult. , Lobelia phyteumoides Willd. Ex Schult. ): It occurs in Ecuador .
  • Lobelia columnaris Hook. f. (Syn .: Lobelia conraui R.E.Fr. & TCEFr. ): It occurs in Nigeria, Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea . It is the only West African "giant praise".
  • Lobelia comosa L .: The four varieties are only found in the Western Cape:
    • Lobelia comosa L. var. Comosa
    • Lobelia comosa var. Foliosa E. Wimm.
    • Lobelia comosa var. Microdon (C. Presl) E. Wimm.
    • Lobelia comosa var. Secundata (Sond.) E. Wimm .
  • Lobelia comptonii E. Wimm. : This rare species occurs only in the Cedar Mountains in the Western Cape.
  • Lobelia concolor R.Br. : It occurs from eastern to southeastern Australia.
  • Lobelia conferta Merr. & LMPerry : It occurs in Papua New Guinea .
  • Lobelia conglobata Lam. : This endemic occurs only on the island of Martinique .
  • Lobelia cordifolia Hook. & Arn. : It occurs from Mexico via Costa Rica , El Salvador and Honduras to Nicaragua .
  • Lobelia corniculata Thulin : It occurs in Swaziland and KwaZulu-Natal.
  • Lobelia coronopifolia L .: It occurs only in the Western Cape.
  • Lobelia corymbiformis Rzed. : It wasfirst describedin 2016 from the Mexican state of Durango .
  • Lobelia cubana Urb. : It only occurs in Cuba .
  • Lobelia cuneifolia Link & Otto : There are three varieties:
    • Lobelia cuneifolia var. Ananda E. Wimm. : This very rare variety is only known from one site in Magaliesberg near Rustenburg in the South African province of North West . This site is under protection.
    • Lobelia cuneifolia Link & Otto var. Cuneifolia : It occurs in the South African provinces of the Western and Eastern Cape.
    • Lobelia cuneifolia var. Hirsuta (C. Presl) E. Wimm. : It occurs in the South African provinces of Limpopo and Western Cape.
  • Lobelia cyanea E. Wimm. : This endemic only thrives on an island mountain in the province of Fianarantsoa in Madagascar.
  • Lobelia cymbalarioides Engl. (Syn .: Lobelia afromontana T.CEFr ): It occurs only in the mountains of Tanzania.
  • Lobelia cyphioides Harv. : It only occurs in the Western Cape.
  • Lobelia darlingensis ( E. Wimm .) Albr. : It occurs in eastern Australia.
  • Lobelia dasyphylla E. Wimm. : This rare species occurs only in the Langeberg between Swellendam and Suurbraak.
  • Lobelia davidii Franch. (Syn .: Lobelia dolichothyrsa Diels , Lobelia kwangsiensis E. Wimm . , Lobelia oligantha C.Y.Wu , Lobelia sichuanensis (YSLian) DYHong , Lobelia tibetica W.L.Cheng , Lobelia davidii var. Dolichothyrsa (Diels) E. Wimm . , Lobelia davidii var. Glaberrima E. Wimm . , Lobelia davidii var. Kwangsiensis (E. Wimm.) YSLian , Lobelia davidii var. Sichuanensis Y.S.Lian ): It is found in northern India, Bhutan, Nepal, Myanmar , southern Tibet ( Cona , Yadong ) and the Chinese provinces of Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan and Zhejiang.
  • Lobeliadeckii (Ash.) Hemsl. : There have been two subspecies since 1993:
    • Lobeliadeckii (Ash.) Hemsl. subsp. deckenii (Syn .: Lobelia tayloriana Baker f. , Lobelia deckenii var. tayloriana (Baker f) E.Wimm.. , Lobelia deckenii var. cacuminum R.E.Fr. & TCEFr. ): This is only endemic in the Kilimanjaro before.
    • Lobeliackenii subsp. incipiens E.B.Knox : This endemic occurs only on Kilimanjaro.
  • Lobelia decurrens Cav. : There have been two subspecies since 2004:
    • Lobelia decurrens Cav. subsp. decurrens (Syn .: Lobelia foliosa Kunth , Lobelia decurrens var. foliosa (Kunth) Heynh. , Lobelia decurrens var. jaensis E. Wimm . ): It occurs only in southern Peru.
    • Lobelia decurrens subsp. parviflora Lammers : It was first described in 2004 from north-central Peru.
  • Lobelia decurrentifolia (Kuntze) K.Schum. : It only occurs in the Eastern Cape.
  • Lobelia deleiensis C.EC fish. : It occurs in northeast India and southwest Yunnan.
  • Lobelia dentata Cav. : It only occurs in New South Wales.
  • Lobelia diastateoides McVaugh : It occurs in the Mexican states of Guerrero, Oaxaca and Chiapas.
  • Lobelia diazlunae Rzed. & Calderón : It wasfirst describedin 1997 from the Mexican state of Nayarit .
  • Lobelia dichroma Schltr. : This endemic occurs only in the Western Cape.
  • Lobelia dielsiana E. Wimm. : It occurs in the Mexican states of Jalisco and Guerrero.
  • Lobelia digitalifolia (Griseb.) Urb. (Syn .: Lobelia guadeloupensis Urb. , Lobelia digitalifolia var. Guadeloupensis (Urb.) McVaugh ): It occurs on the Caribbean islands of Montserrat , Guadeloupe and Dominica .
  • Lobelia dioica R.Br. : It occurs in New Guinea and northern Australia.
  • Lobelia dissecta M.B.Moss (Syn .: Lobelia dissecta subsp. Humidulorum Friis & Vollesen ): It occurs from southern Sudan via Uganda to Burundi.
  • Lobelia divaricata Hook. & Arn. (Syn .: Lobelia schmitzii E. Wimm. , Lobelia seleriana E. Wimm. , Lobelia trivialis E. Wimm. , Lobelia berlandieri var. Seleriana (E. Wimm.) E. Wimm. ): It occurs in Mexico.
  • Lobelia divergens Rzed. : It wasfirst describedin 2016 from the Mexican state of Guerrero .
  • Lobelia djurensis Engl. & Diels (Syn .: Lobelia baoulensis A.Chev. ): It iswidespreadin Africa from southern Sudan to Senegal .
  • Lobelia dodiana E. Wimm. : It occurs in northern Myanmar , northern India, Nepal , Bhutan, in Tibet only in Nyalam and Yunnan.
  • Lobelia donanensis P.Royen : It occurs in Papua New Guinea.
  • Lobelia dopatrioides In short : There have been three varieties since 2012:
    • Lobelia dopatrioides var. Cantonensis (E.Wimm. Ex Danguy) WJde Wilde & Duyfjes (Syn .: Lobelia chinensis var. Cantonensis E.Wimm. Ex Danguy , lobelia alsinoides var. Cantonensis (E.Wimm. Ex Danguy) E.Wimm. , Lobelia alsinoides subsp. Hancei (H.Hara) Lammers , Lobelia hancei H.Hara , Lobelia hosseusii E. Wimm. ): This new combination was made in 2012. It occurs in Tibet, in the Chinese provinces of Guangdong, Guangxi and Yunnan and in Taiwan, Indochina , on the Japanese island of Kyushu as well as on the Ryukyu Islands and in New Guinea.
    • Lobelia dopatrioides short var. Dopatrioides : It occurs in Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam.
    • Lobelia dopatrioides var. Kradungensis WJde Wilde & Duyfjes : It was first described from Thailand in 2012.
Inflorescence of the water lobelia ( Lobelia dortmanna )
  • Water lobelia ( Lobelia dortmanna L. ): It is widespread in North America and from Western to Northern Europe. It is the only species native to Central Europe.
  • Lobelia dregeana (C.Presl) A.DC. (Syn .: Lobelia omphalodoides Schltr. , Lobelia orabensis Dinter ): It iswidespreadin southern Africa .
  • Lobelia dressleri Wilbur : It only occurs in Panama .
  • Lobelia drungjiangensis D.Y.Hong : It was from 2015 Yunnan firstdescribed.
  • Lobelia dunbariae rock : There were two subspecies on the Hawaiian island of Molokai :
    • Lobelia dunbariae rock subsp. dunbariae : it is extinct.
    • Lobelia dunbariae subsp. paniculata (Rock) Lammers : It occurs on Molokai.
  • Lobelia duriprati T.CEFr. : It occurs in tropical East Africa in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda.
  • Lobelia eckloniana (C.Presl) A.DC. : This endemic occurs only on the Cape Peninsula in the Western Cape.
  • Lobelia ehrenbergii Vatke : There are two subspecies since 2006:
    • Lobelia ehrenbergii subsp. ehrenbergii : It occurs in northeastern Mexico and in the state of Oaxaca.
    • Lobelia ehrenbergii subsp. gracilens (A.Gray) Lammers (Syn .: Lobelia gracilens A.Gray , Lobelia ehrenbergii var. gracilens (A.Gray) McVaugh ): The rank of a subspecies was given in 2006. It occurs in the Mexican states of Chihuahua and Durango.
  • Lobelia ekmanii Urb. : This endemic occurs only in Haiti .
  • Lobelia elongata Small : It occurs in the southeastern USA.
  • Lobelia Finallyii (E. Wimm.) TJAyers : It only occurs in the Mexican state of Chihuahua .
  • Lobelia erectiuscula H.Hara : It occurs in northern Myanmar , Nepal , Sikkim and in southeastern Tibet only in Cona .
  • Faithful to men ( Lobelia erinus L. ): It is widespread from tropical to southern Africa and Madagascar. It is a neophyte in some areas of the world.
  • Lobelia Erlangeriana Engl .: It occurs in Ethiopia.
  • Lobelia eryliae C.EC fish. : There are two subspecies:
    • Lobelia eryliae subsp. eryliae : It only occurs in Sulawesi .
    • Lobelia eryliae subsp. luzonica (E. Wimm.) Lammers : It occurs in the Philippines .
  • Lobelia eurypoda E. Wimm . : There are two varieties:
    • Lobelia eurypoda E. Wimm . var. eurypoda : It is common in southern Africa.
    • Lobelia eurypoda var. Fissurarum E. Wimm . : This rare species thrives in crevices in the sandstone only in Seweweekspoort, Klein Swartberg in the Western Cape.
  • Lobelia exaltata Pohl : It occurs from southeast to southern Brazil.
  • Lobelia excelsa Bonpl. (Syn .: Lobelia arguta Lindl. , Lobelia gigantea Sims nom. Illeg., Lobelia salicifolia Sweet , Lobelia neriifolia Moris ): It occurs from north-central to central Chile.
  • Lobelia exilis Hochst. ex A.Rich. (Syn .: Lobelia tenerrima Chiov. , Lobelia exilis var. Major E. Wimm. , Lobelia exilis var. Pusilla E. Wimm. ): It occurs in Eritrea and Ethiopia.
  • Lobelia fangiana (E.Wimm.) SYHu (Syn .: Lobelia omiensis E.Wimm. ): This endemic thrives on grassy slopes in forests and humid thickets on slopes and banks of flowing waters at altitudes 1700 to 3000 meters only in south-central Sichuan .
  • Lobelia fastigiata Kunth (Syn: Lobelia gardneriana Kanitz , Lobelia tenuifolia Willd. Ex Schult. , Lobelia trinitensis Griseb. ): It occurs on the island of Trinidad and is distributed from central to tropical South America.
  • Lobelia fatiscens Heenan : It was first described from the South Island of New Zealand in 2008.
  • Lobelia fawcettii Urb. : This endemic occurs only in Jamaica.
  • Lobelia feayana A.Gray : This endemic occurs only in Florida.
  • Lobelia fenestralis Cav. : It occurs from Arizona, Texas, New Mexico to Mexico.
  • Lobelia fervens Thunb. : There are two subspecies:
    • Lobelia fervens Thunb. subsp. fervens (Syn .: Lobelia asperulata Klotzsch , Lobelia humilis Klotzsch , Lobelia madagascariensis Schult. , Lobelia mearnsii De Wild. , Lobelia odontoptera Schltr. , Lobelia petersiana Klotzsch , Lobelia pterocaulon Klotzsch , Lobelia subulata Klotzsch nom. illeg., Lobelia fervens var. asperulata (Klotzsch) Sond. ): It is widespread from Ethiopia to tropical southern Africa and on islands in the western Indian Ocean.
    • Lobelia fervens subsp. recurvata (E. Wimm.) Thulin : It is distributed from Uganda to tropical southern Africa.
  • Lobelia filiformis Lam. (Syn .: Lobelia polymorpha Bory , Lobelia filiformis var. Subaquatilis E. Wimm. ): It is distributed on islands in the western Indian Ocean.
  • Lobelia filipes E. Wimm. : It only occurs in Namibia .
  • Lobelia fissiflora N.G.Walsh : It wasfirst describedin 2010 from the Australian state of Western Australia .
  • Lobelia fistulosa Vell. : It occurs from southeast to southern Brazil.
  • Lobelia flaccida (C.Presl) A.DC. : There have been three subspecies since 1983:
    • Lobelia flaccida (C.Presl) A.DC. subsp. flaccida : It is common in southern Africa.
    • Lobelia flaccida subsp. granvikii (TCEFr.) Thulin (Syn .: Lobelia granvikii T.CEFr. ): It has been a subspecies since 1983. It occurs in southern Sudan, Uganda and Kenya.
    • Lobelia flaccida subsp. mossiana (RDGood) Thulin (Syn .: Lobelia mossiana R.D.Good ): It has been a subspecies since 1983. It is widespread from the southern tropical to southern Africa.
  • Lobelia flaccidifolia Small : It occurs in the USA from Texas to Florida.
  • Lobelia flexicaulis Rzed. & Calderón : It was first described in 2001 and occurs in the Mexican states of México and Guerrero.
  • Lobelia flexuosa (C.Presl) A.DC. : There have been two subspecies since 2006:
    • Lobelia flexuosa subsp. flexuosa : It occurs in southwest Mexico.
    • Lobelia flexuosa subsp. intermedia (Hemsl.) Lammers (Syn .: Heterotoma intermedia Hemsl. ): It occurs in the southwest of the Mexican state Durango.
  • Lobelia floridana Chapm. : It occurs from the southeastern USA to Texas.
  • Lobelia foliiformis T.J.Zhang & DYHong : This endemic thrives on sunny slopes at altitudes of 2300 to 3000 meters only in the Dali Autonomous District in Yunnan.
  • Lobelia fugax Heenan, Courtney & PNJohnson : It was first described from the South Island of New Zealand in 2008.
  • Lobelia galpinii Schltr. : It occurs in Lesotho and the Eastern Cape.
  • Lobelia gaoligongshanica D.Y. Hong : It was first described in 2015 from Yunnan.
  • Lobelia gattingeri A.Gray : It occurs in the US states of Kentucky , Tennessee and Alabama .
  • Lobelia gaudichaudii A.DC. : It only occurs on the Hawaiian island of Oahu .
  • Lobelia gelida F. Muell. : It occurs in the Australian states of New South Wales and Victoria .
  • Lobelia georgiana McVaugh : It is found in the southeastern United States.
  • Lobelia ghiesbreghtii Decne. : It only occurs in the Mexican state of Oaxaca.
  • Lobelia gibbosa Labill. : It is common in Australia.
  • Lobelia giberroa Hemsl. : It is widespread in Africa from Eritrea to Sudan to Malawi and Zambia.
  • Lobelia gilgii Engl .: This endemic thrives in Tanzania only in the Uluguru Mountains.
  • Lobelia gilletii De Wild. : It occurs in tropical West and Central Africa.
  • Lobelia glaberrima Heenan : It was first described from the South Island of New Zealand in 2008.
  • Lobelia gladiaria McVaugh : It only occurs in the Mexican state of Hidalgo .
  • Lobelia glandulosa Walter : It occurs in the southeastern United States.
  • Lobelia glaucescens E. Wimm. : It only occurs in the Mexican state of Veracruz .
  • Lobelia glazioviana number br. : It occurs in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro .
  • Lobelia gloria-montis Rock : There have been two subspecies since 2007, both of which are found in Hawaii:
    • Lobelia gloria-montis rock subsp. gloria-montis (Syn .: Lobelia gaudichaudii var. gloria-montis (Rock) H.St.John & Hosaka ): It occurs in eastern Molokai and western Maui .
    • Lobelia gloria-montis subsp. longibracteata (rock) Lammers (Syn .: Lobelia gaudichaudii var. longibracteata rock , Lobelia gloria-montis var. longibracteata (rock) rock , Lobelia longibracteata (rock) E. Wimm . , Lobelia gaudichaudii var. albiflora H.St.John & ACMedeiros ): It received the rank of subspecies in 2007. This endemic occurs only on Maui.
  • Lobelia goetzei Diels : It occurs from Tanzania via Malawi, Mozambique and Zimbabwe to Limpopo.
  • Lobelia goldmanii (Fernald) TJAyers : It occurs in the Mexican states of Sonora, Sinaloa and Durango.
  • Lobelia gouldii W. Fitzg. : It occurs in Australia in the state of Victoria.
  • Lobelia gracillima Welw. ex Here : It occurs in Angola.
  • Lobelia grandifolia Britton : This endemic occurs only in Jamaica.
  • Lobelia graniticola E. Wimm. : This endemic thrives in Tanzania only in the Uluguru Mountains.
  • Lobelia grayana E. Wimm. : This endemic to Hawaii only occurs in eastern Maui.
Lobelia gregoriana
Zygomorphic flower of Lobelia paludosa in detail
Inflorescence of Lobelia puberula
A Schopfbaum from Mount Kenya : Lobelia telekii ; to compare the size, the donor of the photo stood next to the flowering plant
  • Lobelia telekii Schweinf. : It occurs only in the eastern tropical Africa of Kenya and Uganda on Mount Algon , Mount Kenya and the Aberdare chain .
  • Lobelia telephioides (C.Presl) A.DC. (Syn .: Rapuntium telephioides C.Presl ): It occurs in Mauritius and Reunion.
  • Lobelia tenera Kunth : It occurs in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and northwestern Venezuela.
  • Lobelia tenuior R.Br. : There have been two subspecies since 2010:
    • Lobelia tenuior subsp. dictyosperma N.G.Walsh : This subspecies was first described from Western Australia in 2010 .
    • Lobelia tenuior subsp. tenuior : It occurs in western and southwestern Western Australia .
  • Lobelia terminalis C.B. Clarke : It occurs from central India to Laos, Thailand, Vietnam and southern Yunnan.
  • Lobelia thapsoidea Schott ex Pohl : It occurs in central Brazil.
  • Lobelia thermalis Thunb. : It occurs from Angola and Zimbabwe to southern Africa.
  • Lobelia thuliniana E.B.Knox : It occurs in Tanzania.
  • Lobelia tomentosa L. f. (Syn: Lobelia caerulea . Hook , Lobelia caerulea . Hook . Var caerulea , Lobelia caerulea Sims . Var macularis (C.Presl) E.Wimm. , Lobelia coronopifolia var. Caerulea (Sims) Sond. , Lobelia coronopifolia var. Macularis (C . .Presl) Sond , Lobelia pinifolia . var laricina . E.Wimm , Lobelia tomentosa var. paucidentata (C.Presl) Sond. ): It is distributed in southern Africa.
  • Lobelia trigonocaulis F. Muell. : It occurs in eastern Australia.
  • Lobelia tripartita Thulin : It occurs in southeastern Ethiopia.
  • Lobelia trullifolia Hemsl. : There have been five subspecies since 1983 thatare widespreadfrom Ethiopia to southern Africa:
    • Lobelia trullifolia subsp. delicatula (Compton) Thulin (Syn .: Lobelia delicatula Compton ): It occurs in southern Africa.
    • Lobelia trullifolia subsp. minor Thulin : It occurs in Tanzania, Malawi and Zambia.
    • Lobelia trullifolia subsp. pinnatifida Thulin : It only occurs in Zambia.
    • Lobelia trullifolia subsp. rhodesica (REFr.) Thulin (Syn .: Lobelia rhodesica R.E.Fr. ): It occurs only in Zambia.
    • Lobelia trullifolia subsp. trullifolia : It occurs from southwestern Ethiopia to southern tropical Africa.
  • Devil's tobacco ( Lobelia tupa L. ): It occurs in southern and central Chile.
  • Lobelia udzungwensis Thulin : It was first described in 2004 from Tanzania.
  • Lobelia uliginosa E. Wimm. : It occurs in Tanzania and Zambia.
  • Lobelia umbellifera McVaugh (Syn .: Lobelia fasciculata Donn.Sm. ): It occurs from southeast Mexico to Guatemala.
  • Land lobelia ( Lobelia urens L. ): It occurs in the Azores, Madeira, Morocco, Portugal, Spain, France, Belgium and Great Britain.
  • Lobelia vagans Balf. f. This endemic occurs only on Rodrigues Island .
  • Lobelia valida L. Bolus : Less than ten localities of this endemic from De Hoop to Stilbaai in the Western Cape are known. It thrives on limestone hills on the coast and the stocks are continuously decreasing.
  • Lobelia vanreenensis (Kuntze) K.Schum. : It occurs in southern Africa.
  • Lobelia victoriensis P.Royen : It occurs in New Guinea.
  • Lobelia villaregalis T.J.Ayers : It was first described from the Mexican state of Jalisco 1987th
  • Lobelia villosa (Rock) H.St.John & Hosaka : This endemic occurs only in north-central Kauai .
  • Lobelia viridiflora McVaugh : This endemic occurs only in Jamaica.
  • Lobelia vivaldii Lammers & Proctor : This endemic occurs only on the island of Mona ,which belongs to Puerto Rico.
  • Lobelia volcanica T.J. Ayers : It occurs in Mexico from Veracruz to Guerrero.
  • Lobelia wahiawa Lammers : It wasfirst describedin 2007 from the central part of the Hawaiian island of Kauai .
  • Lobelia walkeri (CBClarke) WJde Wilde & Duyfjes (Syn .: Lobelia zeylanica var. Walkeri C.B.Clarke ): It has been a species since 2012. It occurs only in Sri Lanka.
  • Lobelia welwitschii Engl. & Diels : It is from southwestern Ethiopia over Cameroon to southern tropical Africa.
  • Lobelia winifrediae Diels : It is only found in Western Australia.
  • Lobelia wollastonii Baker f. : It occurs in Uganda, Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
  • Lobelia xalapensis Kunth : It is widespread from southern Mexico across Central America to northern Argentina.
  • Lobelia xongorolana E. Wimm . : It occurs in Angola.
  • Lobelia yucatana E. Wimm. : It occurs from southeast Mexico to Guatemala.
  • Lobelia yuccoides Hillebr. : It occurs only on the Hawaiian islands of Kauai and Oahu.
  • Lobelia zelayensis Wilbur : It only occurs in Nicaragua.
  • Lobelia zeylanica L. (Syn .: Lobelia affinis Wall. Ex G.Don nom. Illeg., Lobelia barbata Warb. Nom. Illeg., Lobelia hirta L. , Lobelia lobbiana Hook. F. & Thomson , Lobelia macraeana E. Wimm . , Lobelia subcuneata Miq. , Lobelia succulenta flower , Lobelia zeylanica var. Hirta (L.) Martyn , Lobelia zeylanica var. Lobbiana (Hook. F. & Thomson) YSLian ): It occurs in tropical and subtropical Asia.
  • Lobelia zwartkopensis E. Wimm. : It is only known from two collections from the early 1800s from a site near Port Elizabeth on the Swartkops River in the Eastern Cape.

See also

gallery

swell

further reading

  • DJ Mabberley: The Pachycaul Lobelias of Africa and St. Helena. In: Kew Bulletin , Volume 29, Issue 3, 1974, pp. 560-561. JSTOR 4108000

Web links

Commons : Lobelia ( Lobelia )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Gordon Cheers (Ed.): Botanica. The ABC of plants. 10,000 species in text and images . Könemann Verlagsgesellschaft, 2003, ISBN 3-8331-1600-5 (therein pages 536-538).
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be Thomas G. Lammers: Revision of the Infrageneric Classification of Lobelia L. (Campanulaceae: Lobelioideae). In: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden , Volume 98, Issue 1, 2011, pp. 37-62. doi : 10.3417 / 2007150
  3. ^ A b c d e f B. Wiecek: Data sheet in the New South Wales Flora Online .
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y Deyuan Hong, Thomas G. Lammers: Lobelia Linnaeus. , Pp. 554-557 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of China Editorial Committee: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (ed.): Flora of China. Volume 19, Cucurbitaceae through Valerianaceae, with Annonaceae and Berberidaceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2011, ISBN 978-1-935641-04-9 .
  5. ↑ Christel Kasselmann : aquarium plants. Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart 1995; 2nd, revised and expanded edition 1999, ISBN 3-8001-7454-5 , p. 342 f.
  6. ↑ Linné 1753: scanned in at biodiversitylibrary.org .
  7. ↑ a b Lobelia at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed February 10, 2018.
  8. ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names . Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Free University Berlin Berlin 2016. ISBN 978-3-946292-10-4 . doi : 10.3372 / epolist2016
  9. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga gb gc gd ge gf gg gh gi gj gk gl gm gn go gp gq gr gs gt gu gv gw gx gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi hj hk hl hm hn ho hp hq hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy hz ia ib ic id ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu iv iw ix iy iz ja jb jc jd je jf jg jh ji jj jk jl jm jn jo jp jq jr js jt ju jv jw jx jy jz ka kb kc kd ke kf kg kh ki kj kk kl km kn ko kp kq kr ks kt ku kv kw kx ky kz la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc m d me mf mg mh mi mj mk ml mm mn mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt nu nv nw nx ny nz oa ob oc od oe of og oh oi oj ok ol om on oo op oq or os ot ou ov ow ox oy oz pa pb pc pd pe pf pg ph pi pj pk pl pm pn po pp Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Lobelia. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved April 13, 2020.
  10. ^ A b Lobelia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved February 13, 2018.
  11. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi List of species for Lobelia in the Red List of South African Plants
  12. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Lobelia at Tropicos.org. In: Catalog of the Vascular Plants of Madagascar . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis