National Stadium (Tokyo, 2019)

National stadium
The National Stadium in January 2020
Earlier names
New national stadium (2012-2019)
Data
place	10-2, Kasumigaoka-machi Shinjuku , Tokyo , Japan
Coordinates	35 ° 40 '40.4 "  N , 139 ° 42' 52.6"  E Coordinates: 35 ° 40 '40.4 "  N , 139 ° 42' 52.6"  E
owner	Japan Sport Council
start of building	December 11, 2016
opening	December 21, 2019
First game	Final in the Kaiser Cup 2019
surface	Natural grass
costs	151.3 billion ¥ (around 1.21 billion € , planned)
architect	Kengo Kuma
capacity	68,089 seats
playing area	107 m × 71 m (total) 100 m × 70 m (rugby) 105 m × 68 m (football)
Events
Summer Olympics 2020 Summer Paralympics 2020 Games of the Japan national rugby team (from 2020) Games of the Japanese national football team (from 2020)

The National Stadium ( Japanese 国立 競技場 , Kokuritsu kyōgijō ; English Japan National Stadium ; until December 2019 New National Stadium ( 新 国立 競技場 , Shin kokuritsu kyōgijō )) is a rugby and football stadium with an athletics facility in Kasumigaoka in the Shinjuku district of the Japanese capital Tokyo . The facility in the west of the city was designed as the main venue for the Summer Olympics and the Summer Paralympics . It was built on the site of the old National Stadium from 1958.

history

First draft

As part of Tokyo's application for the 2020 Summer Olympics , a new, modern Olympic stadium was also planned. An international design competition was started in 2012. A total of 46 designs were submitted. The Japan Sport Council specified 80,000 seats for the stadium, compliance with the highest requirements for the Olympic Games and the final of the World Cup , sliding and retractable spectator stands and a closable roof for a total of 130  billion  yen (around one billion  euros ).

In November 2012, the design by the London- based architectural firm Zaha Hadid Architects (ZHA) was selected from the eleven remaining finalists . At first glance, the design was reminiscent of a modern bicycle helmet . The winning design not only met with approval. Critics argued that the proposal would not fit into the Tokyo landscape, particularly the surrounding areas. In addition, it went well beyond the specified budget with up to 300 billion yen (around 2.33 billion euros). Following the criticism, the Japan Sport Council directed it to revise the plans and cut costs. The total area was reduced by around ten  percent and the height of the stadium was lowered by five meters. As a result, in May 2014 the costs fell to 162.5 billion yen (approx. 1.26 billion euros).

At the end of June 2015, Japanese Education and Sports Minister Hakubun Shimomura confirmed that the estimated construction costs, despite attempts to reduce them, were now 252 billion yen (almost two billion euros). The costs for the closable roof, which was to be installed later, and the movable and retractable grandstands, which have now been painted, were not included in the calculation. Thereupon Prime Minister Shinzō Abe stopped the previous planning in mid-July due to the escalating costs of the project. There had to be a new selection process.

Second draft

In November 2015, the Japanese government set the cost ceiling for the new national stadium at 155 billion yen (1.3 billion euros). At this point there were still two proposals for design and construction in the running. On the one hand the architect Kengo Kuma with the company Taisei , on the other hand the groups Takenaka , Shimizu Kensetsu and the Ōbayashi-gumi with the architect Toyo Ito .

Shortly before Christmas 2015, the design by Kengo Kuma was chosen. This was announced by Prime Minister Shinzō Abe on December 22nd. After finishing the first draft by Zaha Hadid, applicants only had 14 weeks to submit the new plans. Several months were planned to develop the final concept before construction was due to start in early 2017. Due to the shape of the stadium design, it was initially nicknamed " Hamburger ".

Rugby Union World Cup 2019

The crushing of the first construction plans in mid-July 2015 also got the organizers of the Rugby Union World Cup 2019 in trouble. The new building was also an important venue for the World Cup in Japan, u. a. for the final. The delay thwarted this plan and a solution to the problem had to be found.

On September 28, 2015, the international umbrella organization World Rugby approved the rescheduling for the World Cup. The Tokyo Stadium in Chofu , Tokyo Prefecture , took the place of the new Olympic Stadium. It was the location of the opening ceremony and the opening game. The International Stadium Yokohama hosted the final.

construction

On December 11, 2016, in the presence of Prime Minister Shinzō Abe, the groundbreaking ceremony for the national stadium was carried out and construction officially started. At the beginning of the month, preparations began on the building site for construction. The executing companies had 36 months to complete.

As has been publicly by the Labor Inspectorate in Shinjuku in October 2017 committed a 23-year-old construction worker who was employed by the Sanshin Corporation, in March because overload suicide . After an audit it was found that he had worked more than 190 hours of overtime in the past month  . Due to the physical and mental exhaustion , the man became depressed (see also Karōshi ). He was reported missing on March 2nd. His body was later found in Nagano Prefecture .

Around a year after the start of construction, construction in January 2018 showed great progress. After the previous delays, it was on schedule for the stadium to be handed over on time. The excavation work continued until May 2017 . Civil engineering work followed by September of that year . The construction of the concrete and steel structure began in September 2017. The east side had already reached its later height. The start of assembly of the roof was set for February 18, 2018. The canopy made of tubular steel and wood made from cedar and larch weighs 19,000  tons . It is divided into 108 segments that are 60 meters wide, 15 meters long and can weigh up to 180 tons. Due to the lack of space, only a maximum of 14 parts could be installed at once. The roof reaches a height of almost 50 meters. After removing the supports, it sank by about 50 centimeters and is ultimately 47.4 meters. After the roof had been lifted, the interior work began in February and continued until completion. The external work started in April 2018. The external corridors were clad with wood and planted with trees and bushes. At the beginning of 2018 1,300 workers were employed on the construction site, by the summer 2,500 to 3,000 workers would have been possible. The Japan Sport Council estimated that a total of up to two million people will be involved in the construction of the national stadium, in the prefabrication or on the construction site.

In May 2018, the IOC announced the list of football stadiums for the Tokyo Summer Olympics. The National Stadium is planned as one of seven venues ( International Stadium Yokohama , Ajinomoto Stadium , Sapporo Dome , Miyagi Stadium , Kashima Soccer Stadium and Saitama Stadium 2002 ). While the main structure of the new building was ready in July 2018, work on the roof and the wooden facade continued.

At the beginning of 2019, the construction was on schedule for the completion of the work in November of that year without delays. The construction of the roof was well advanced. Its completion was scheduled for May 2019. The first seats were installed in the stands. The cost of the stadium had increased slightly. The originally planned sum of 148.4 billion yen had to be increased by 2.9 billion to 151.3 billion yen (around 1.21 billion euros).

On May 17, 2019, the Japan Sport Council (JSC) confirmed the completion of the stadium roof. It was the most difficult element in building the 2020 Olympic Stadium.

opening

In mid-October 2018, the Japan Football Association (JFA) announced the planned time for the opening. On November 19, 2019, the JSC announced the completion of the construction work. After an inspection, the stadium was handed over to the JSC on November 30th. The opening took place on December 21, 2019 during an opening ceremony in the presence of Prime Minister Abe and Governor Yuriko Koike, among others . The stadium was hereby renamed from New National Stadium to National Stadium . The first game was the final of the  2019 Kaiser Cup on January 1, 2020.

concept

The national stadium should blend in with nature. A park landscape with many trees is being created around the stadium. The open facade is fitted with greenery all around and is intended to promote ventilation of the interior of the stadium. During the construction, attention was paid to the use of natural materials such as wood. For the truss-like roof construction made of tubular steel also came laminated beams of cedar - and larch wood used. Timbers were also planned for the facade, the interior such as the changing rooms and boxes. The wood comes from all 47 prefectures in the country .

Construction gallery

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  The floor space of the stadium before construction began in November 2016

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  May 2017

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  September 2017

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  November 2017

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  April 2018

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  View of parts of the wooden roof structure in October 2018

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  The roof construction from a distance in May 2019

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  Close-up of an entrance area after completion in December 2019

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  Interior in December 2019

See also

• List of the largest football stadiums in the world
• List of the largest stadiums in the world

Web links

Commons : National Stadium  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• jpnsport.go.jp: National Stadium on the website of the Japan Sport Council (English)
• stadiumdb.com: New National Stadium (English)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ New designs: Is the future of Tokyo hidden in one of them? In: stadiumdb.com. July 31, 2015, accessed October 15, 2018 . 
2. ↑ Caroline Davies: Zaha Hadid hits back over scrapped stadium for 2020 Tokyo Olympics. In: theguardian.com. The Guardian , July 28, 2015, accessed October 15, 2018 . 
3. ↑ Futuristic Olympic Stadium as a new landmark. In: stadionwelt.de. September 7, 2013, accessed October 15, 2018 . 
4. ^ New National Stadium (IV). In: stadiumdb.com. Retrieved October 15, 2018 . 
5. ↑ Tokyo: Skyrocketing price for Olympic Stadium confirmed. In: stadiumdb.com. June 29, 2015, accessed October 15, 2018 . 
6. ↑ Tokyo: Japan scraps Olympic Stadium design! In: stadiumdb.com. BBC.co.uk , July 17, 2015, accessed October 15, 2018 . 
7. ↑ Tokyo 2020: New Olympic Stadium for only $ 1.3 billion? In: stadiumdb.com. JapanTimes.co.jp , November 29, 2015, accessed October 15, 2018 . 
8. ↑ New designs: Two finalists for Tokyo 2020. In: stadiumdb.com. December 14, 2015, accessed October 14, 2018 . 
9. ^ New National Stadium (A). In: stadiumdb.com. Retrieved October 14, 2018 . 
10. ^ New National Stadium (B). In: stadiumdb.com. Retrieved October 14, 2018 . 
11. ↑ Tokyo 2020: Design selected and nicknamed “the hamburger”. In: stadiumdb.com. December 22, 2015, accessed October 15, 2018 . 
12. ↑ World Rugby approves revised Japan 2019 hosting roadmap. In: rugbyworldcup.com. World Rugby , September 28, 2015, accessed October 15, 2018 . 
13. ↑ Yokohama Stadium to host the 2019 Rugby World Cup Final. In: theguardian.com. The Guardian , September 28, 2015, accessed October 15, 2018 . 
14. ↑ Tokyo Olympic Stadium formally underway. In: stadiumdb.com. December 11, 2016, accessed October 15, 2018 . 
15. ^ Tokyo: Olympic Stadium worker committed suicide due to overwork. In: stadiumdb.com. JapanTimes.co.jp / NationalPost.com, October 11, 2017, accessed October 15, 2018 . 
16. ↑ Tokyo: Great progress for 2020 Olympics. Jpnsport.go.jp / Hochi.co.jp, January 12, 2018, accessed October 15, 2018 . 
17. ↑ IOC announces football stadiums for the 2020 Olympics. In: stadionwelt.de. May 3, 2018, accessed October 15, 2018 . 
18. ↑ Tokyo 2020: Kengo Kuma on National Olympic Stadium. designboom.com, July 10, 2018, accessed October 15, 2018 . 
19. ↑ Tokyo 2020: Olympic Stadium on time. In: stadiumdb.com. January 7, 2019, accessed February 2, 2019 . 
20. ↑ Tokyo 2020: Olympic Stadium's roof complete. In: stadiumdb.com. May 18, 2019, accessed on May 20, 2019 . 
21. ^ Construction of Tokyo's new Olympic stadium complete. In: Kyōdō Tsūshinsha . Mainichi Shimbun , November 19, 2019, accessed November 20, 2019 . 
22. ↑ 新 国立 競技場 、 今 月末 完成 を 確認 民 営 化 計画 は 先 送 り - 閣僚 会議 . In: jiji.com. Jiji Tsūshinsha , November 19, 2019, accessed November 20, 2019 (Japanese). 
23. ↑ Tokyo Olympic year kicks off with first sporting event inside new National Stadium. In: olympicchannel.com. January 1, 2020, accessed on February 2, 2020 . 
24. ^ New National Stadium Development Project. ( PDF ) In: jpnsport.go.jp. Retrieved October 15, 2018 .