Neckargemünd

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the city of Neckargemünd
Neckargemünd
Map of Germany, position of the city Neckargemünd highlighted

Coordinates: 49 ° 24 '  N , 8 ° 48'  E

Basic data
State : Baden-Württemberg
Administrative region : Karlsruhe
County : Rhein-Neckar district
Height : 127 m above sea level NHN
Area : 26.15 km 2
Residents: 13,290 (Dec. 31, 2018)
Population density : 508 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 69151
Area code : 06223
License plate : HD
Community key : 08 2 26 056
City structure: 4 districts

City administration address :
Bahnhofstrasse 54
69151 Neckargemünd
Website : www.neckargemuend.de
Mayor : Frank Volk (Free Voters)
Location of the city of Neckargemünd in the Rhein-Neckar district
Bayern Hessen Rheinland-Pfalz Heidelberg Heilbronn Landkreis Heilbronn Landkreis Karlsruhe Mannheim Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis Eberbach Altlußheim Angelbachtal Bammental Brühl (Baden) Dielheim Dossenheim Eberbach Eberbach Eberbach Edingen-Neckarhausen Edingen-Neckarhausen Epfenbach Eppelheim Eschelbronn Gaiberg Heddesbach Heddesheim Heiligkreuzsteinach Helmstadt-Bargen Hemsbach Hirschberg an der Bergstraße Hockenheim Ilvesheim Ketsch Ladenburg Laudenbach (Bergstraße) Leimen (Baden) Leimen (Baden) Lobbach Malsch (bei Wiesloch) Mauer (Baden) Meckesheim Mühlhausen (Kraichgau) Neckarbischofsheim Neckargemünd Neidenstein Neulußheim Nußloch Oftersheim Plankstadt Rauenberg Reichartshausen Reilingen Sandhausen St. Leon-Rot Schönau (Odenwald) Schönbrunn (Baden) Schriesheim Schwetzingen Schwetzingen Sinsheim Spechbach Waibstadt Walldorf (Baden) Weinheim Weinheim Wiesenbach (Baden) Wiesloch Wilhelmsfeld Zuzenhausenmap
About this picture
Neckargemünd at the confluence of the Elsenz in the Neckar
Old town of Neckargemünd with the mouth of the Elsenz, Friedensbrücke and Hollmuth and rail tunnels

Neckargemünd ( listen ? / I ) is a town on the Neckar , ten kilometers upstream east of Heidelberg in the Rhein-Neckar district in Baden-Württemberg . It belongs to the European metropolitan region of Rhine-Neckar (until May 20, 2003 the Lower Neckar region and until December 31, 2005 the Rhine-Neckar-Odenwald region ). Audio file / audio sample

In the high and late Middle Ages Neckargemünd was an independent imperial city in the Holy Roman Empire , which is reflected in the city arms.

geography

Location and natural space

The city belongs to the Rhine-Neckar metropolitan region and is located at the eponymous confluence of the Elsenz in the Neckar , at the foot of the Hollmuth, surrounded by the foothills of the southwestern Odenwald . The district extends at a height of 116 to 469 meters. 19.1 percent of the 2615 hectare district are settlement and traffic areas, 28 percent are used for agriculture and 48 percent are forested. The municipality is part of the Neckartal-Odenwald nature park . The Elsenzaue, the area Sotten, a grubbing island east of Mückenloch, and the area Felsenberg are under conservation .

Neighboring communities

The city borders on Heidelberg in the west, on Schönau in the north, on Neckarsteinach in the north-east and on Schönbrunn and Lobbach in the east . Wiesenbach (Baden) lies south of Neckargemünd , and Bammental in the south-west .

City structure

The former communities of Dilsberg , Mückenloch , Neckargemünd and Waldhilsbach belong to the city of Neckargemünd . The hamlets of Dilsbergerhof, Neuhof and Rainbach belong to the former Dilsberg mountain fortress. The Neckarhäuserhof settlement belongs to Mückenloch . The city of Neckargemünd within the boundaries of 1972 ("core city") includes the city district of Kleingemünd , the Kümmelbacher Hof estate and the houses of the barrel factory, war mill and fulling mill. The former municipality of Waldhilsbach is now the district of Neckargemünd. In the area of ​​the former municipality of Dilsberg, the village of Reitberg, which was abandoned in the Middle Ages, was located. The village of Ziegelhütte has risen in Neckargemünd.

history

Engraving after Matthäus Merian
High water marks in the Kleingemünd district
old view from 1898

Until the 19th century

First mentioned in a document in 988 under the name of Gmundi , King Heinrich (VII) elevated the settlement to a free imperial city around 1230 . Emperor Ludwig pledged Neckargemünd in 1330 to the Count Palatine near Rhine , who in 1346 relocated the court of the Meckesheimer Centers here. In 1395 Neckargemünd lost the status of an imperial city when it was incorporated into the Palatinate territory. In 1466 the town received market rights , which were expanded in 1544. In 1566 the city and the entire Palatinate became Protestant.

In the following centuries the city was repeatedly occupied by foreign troops. During the Thirty Years' War it was the army of the Catholic League under Tilly in 1622 . In the Palatinate War of Succession , the city was occupied by French troops under General Mélac , in 1799 there were French revolutionary troops and from 1814 to 1819 the city was occupied by the Russian military . Finally, in 1849 , Prussian associations were here.

In 1803 Neckargemünd came to Baden and became the seat of a district office instead of the Dilsberg office . In Neckargemünd there was also a grand ducal district court of Baden . Neckargemünd lost all former imperial privileges as a result of the Baden municipal code in 1831. In 1857 the Neckargemünd district office was dissolved and the city was assigned to the Eberbach district and, from 1863, Heidelberg . With the opening of the Badische Odenwaldbahn in 1862 and the Neckar Valley Railway in 1879, the city was connected to the rail network.

20th century

In 1914 a tram connection to Heidelberg was created.

Politically, the National Liberals were the strongest before the First World War , while socialist and liberal parties were on par during the Weimar Republic . In 1933 the NSDAP , which had been the strongest party since September 1930, received just under 49 percent of the vote.

In contrast to Heidelberg, Neckargemünd was bombed during World War II. The main destination was the railway tracks along which the tunnel at the German House was located. In autumn 1944, for example, a direct hit destroyed the German House , the local NSDAP headquarters, which had set up a collection point for the winter relief organization here. The residents had fled into the vaulted cellar of this house, although it was not an official air raid shelter - it was at the Adler inn. But the vaults proved to be very stable, so that many people stayed alive there. In 1938 a large road bridge was inaugurated over the Neckar. On March 29, 1945 ( Maundy Thursday ), it was blown up , like most other crossings over the river, by pioneers of the German Wehrmacht . However, two days later, American troops took the city.

In 1967 the foundation stone was laid for the rehabilitation center for children and adolescents. When the district of Heidelberg was dissolved in 1973, Neckargemünd became the new Rhein-Neckar district . The population increased in the post-war decades through the admission of displaced persons , the designation of new building areas and incorporations. Politically, the CDU became the dominant party after 1945 .

Population development

Neckargemünd with Kleingemünd

year 1439 1577 1688 1727 1818 1852 1905 1939 1965
Residents 295 855 550 877 1956 2702 2637 3862 8107

Neckargemünd as it is today

year 1961 1970 1991 1995 2005 2010 2015
Residents 10.120 11,763 14,562 14,559 14,280 13,905 13,369

Incorporations

  • Kleingemünd (January 1, 1907) - after becoming self-employed in the years from 1860 to 1906
  • Dilsberg (January 1, 1973) - a small town with a historical center and medieval castle ruins
  • Waldhilsbach (January 1, 1974)
  • Mückenloch (January 1, 1975)

Religions

Dilsberg

After the Reformation , the majority of today's districts were Protestant for a long time. Only on the Dilsberg did the garrison create a Catholic majority from 1700 onwards. After the Second World War, the number of Catholics increased due to the inclusion of displaced persons in the communities. In 2004, 40.6 percent of the population were Protestant and 32 percent Catholic.

politics

Municipal council

Local elections 2019
Turnout: 69.2% (2014: 57.6%)
 %
30th
20th
10
0
27.4%
26.4%
21.2%
20.6%
4.4%
Gains and losses
compared to 2014
 % p
   8th
   6th
   4th
   2
   0
  -2
  -4
  -6
-1.6  % p
+ 6.5  % p
-5.1  % p
-4.3  % p
+ 4.4  % p

The municipal council usually has 22 seats. In addition, the mayor is the chairman with voting rights. By choosing the wrong part of town , the districts are guaranteed representation in the municipal council: the core town has 14, Dilsberg 4, and Mückenloch and Waldhilsbach each hold 2 seats.

In the local elections on May 26, 2019 , there were also 5 compensation seats, so that the local council will have 27 members until the next election in 2024. Overall, the election led to the following result (in brackets: difference to 2014):

City council election 2019
Political party be right Seats
Free voters 27.4% (−1.6) 7 (± 0)
GREEN 26.4% (+6.5) 7 (+2)
CDU 21.2% (−5.1) 6 (± 0)
SPD 20.6% (−4.3) 6 (± 0)
LEFT 4.4% (+4.4) 1 (+1)
Turnout 69.2% (+11.6)

mayor

On June 26, 2016, Frank Volk prevailed in the runoff election by just under 134 votes against the incumbent Horst Althoff, who had previously been in office for 16 years.

Mayor of Neckargemünd
Surname Political party Term of office
Mathäus Heckman 1833-1839
Georg Reibold 1839-1839
Adam Herpel 1839-1842
Philipp Bauer 1842-1848
Peter Pabst 1848-1849
Franz Degen 1849-1851
Adam Herpel 1852–1855
(2nd term)
Georg Reibold 1855–1861
(2nd term)
Julius Friedrich Menzer 1862-1867
Carl Heckmann 1867-1873
Carl Thilo 1873-1899
Carl Wittmann 1899-1902
Franz Heeg 1903-1909
Wilhelm Steinbrunn 1909-1910
Georg Schneider 1910-1917
Carl Kirchmayer 1917-1919
Dr. Emil Leist 1919-1928
Georg Müßig 1928-1939
Wilhelm Cloos 1939–1942
(as first member of the association )
Gottfried Kramer 1942–1945
( first deputy , then mayor )
Georg Lampertsdörfer 1945-1948
Heinrich Held 1948–1966
(1948–1951 provisional)
Kurt Schieck 1966-1984
Oskar Schuster 1984-2000
Horst Althoff CDU 2000-2016
Frank Volk Free voters since 2016

coat of arms

The blazon of the coat of arms reads: In gold, a red armored and red-tongued black eagle, covered with a silver breast shield, in which a blue orb with a gold cross and gold fittings.

A seal from 1359 already showed the imperial eagle typical of an imperial city. The coat of arms in its current form can be seen for the first time in 1645 in Merian's Topographia Palatinatus Rheni . The flag is black and yellow.

Town twinning

City partnerships exist with

A sponsorship was taken over for Valeč in the Czech Republic in 1965 .

Culture and sights

Neckargemünd is located on the Burgenstraße , the Neckar Valley Cycle Path and the Neckarsteig , all of which lead past many sights.

Buildings

Evangelical Ulrichskirche
Greek wine bar

In the old town of Neckargemünd, which stretches up the slope from the Neckar valley, you will find a wide variety of sights. In addition to the previous main thoroughfares, Hauptstrasse and Neckarstrasse, which each run through the old town in only one direction, there are numerous small alleys with many half-timbered houses . Particularly noteworthy is the very narrow Kleppergasse, which runs directly on the back of the former city ​​wall . The previously disruptive through traffic in the old town was largely reduced by the road tunnel opened in 2011, which runs roughly parallel to the railway tunnel, and by subsequent traffic calming measures.

On the banks of the Neckar is the Protestant St. Ulrich Church , which was built on the foundation walls of a building in the 12th / 13th centuries. The predecessor church built in the 19th century was built in the late Gothic style. The Catholic parish church of St. Johannes Nepomuk can be found on the higher market square. The current building in neo-Romanesque style was built on the site of a smaller Catholic church in 1894/96. Nearby is also the former Lutheran church, which was built in 1770/71 in the classical style. Sold to the city in 1821 as a result of the Baden church union between Reformed and Lutherans in the same year, it was used as the town hall until 1984 ; now the museum for various aspects of the city's history is housed there.

Villa Menzer is located in the Menzerpark at the beginning of Dilsberger Straße. It was built in 1892 by the architect Leonard Schäfer . The villa and the beautifully landscaped park surrounding it have long been Neckargemünd's outstanding attractions. It was the home of Julius Menzer (1846–1917), owner of a wine wholesaler who was the first to introduce Greek wines to Germany; later he was appointed Greek consul and a member of the Reichstag for the German Conservative Party . The Villa Menzer with its current appearance is the result of the reconstruction after a severe fire in 1947, which completely destroyed the old, multi-part roof structure. Between June 2003 and June 2008, the municipal high school in Menzerpark was housed in containers after a school fire . A little further down on Neckarstrasse is the Greek wine tavern "Zur Stadt Athen" , which Menzer opened in 1882 and which has been closed since the end of 2012 . During his time as a member of the Reichstag, Menzer also opened a Greek wine bar in Berlin, which was followed by another in Frankfurt. But both branches were unsuccessful and soon had to close again.

Next to the wine bar and in the heart of the old town stood the Hotel Ritter (formerly Hotel Pfalz ), a former hunting lodge from 1286. It fell victim to a fire in the night of January 10, 2003. No investor was found for the reconstruction of this historic building, whereupon the city decided in July 2006 to demolish the ruin. A modern residential complex with condominiums was built on the site of the hotel, with individual old building elements (including an archway) being integrated into the new building.

Next to it is the Prince Carl, a former inn with a brewery from the 16th to 18th centuries. Today its rooms are used by the music school and the Eberbach - Neckargemünd adult education center.

At the end of the old town and at the beginning of the Wiesenbachertal is the Karlstor , which was built in 1788 in honor of the Elector Karl Theodor . This is also indicated by a Latin inscription above the archway.

Only the foundation walls of Reichenstein Castle can be seen on Neckargemünder's local mountain Hollmuth, which was abandoned at the end of the 14th century and has since fallen into disrepair.

youth

The Altes E-Werk youth club has existed in Dilsberger Strasse since 1990, and is directed by the Stadtjugendring Neckargemünd and appeals to children and young people as well as adults with various cultural offers and events.

Museums

The museum in the old town hall opened in 1988. It has its roots in the city history collection (1935–39) and the Neckargemünd local history museum (1938–87). It depicts the history of Neckargemünd and, in addition to a folklore and an art history section, has a focus on Neckar shipping. In addition, special exhibitions are held regularly showing the works of Neckargemünd artists.

music

The pop group Liquido , which was particularly successful with the song "Narcotic" from 1999, comes from Neckargemünd.

The oldest and largest choral society in Neckargemünd is the

  • GV Liederkranz 1857 Neckargemünd eV

Sports

  • Gymnastics Club 1876 Neckargemünd
  • Gymnastics Club 1907 Kleingemünd
  • SpVgg 1911 Neckargemünd looks back on a hundred-year tradition as a football club . Since 1996 there has been another football club, FC Blau Weiss Neckargemünd 96.
  • Athletics community

Economy and Infrastructure

traffic

Old power station Neckargemünd on the Elsenz

The station Neckargemuend is by lines S1, S2, S5 and S51 of the S-Bahn RheinNeckar half hour to Neckartal web and neckargemünd-bad friedrichshall-jagstfeld railway towards Eberbach / Mosbach / Sinsheim and Heidelberg / Mannheim operated. The second stop in the city, Neckargemünd-Altstadt , is only served by the S-Bahn lines S1 and S2.

Neckargemünd is integrated into the RNV bus network. Bus route 35 runs every 20 minutes between Heidelberg and the terminus at the education center in Spitzerfeld. Neckargemünd is connected to smaller towns in the Neckar Valley and the Odenwald via other bus lines and call taxes within the framework of the VRN. Neckargemünd belongs to the tariff area of ​​the Rhein-Neckar transport association .

The federal highways 37 ( Kaiserslautern - Neckarelz ) and 45 ( Sinsheim - Wöllstadt ) run through the town . The federal motorways 5 and 656 can be reached via Heidelberg, and the federal motorway 6 can be reached via the Elsenz Valley (B 45) .

From 1914 to 1962 Neckargemünd could also be reached by tram , the “Neckartalbahn” of the Heidelberg tram led from here via Heidelberg city center to Wieblingen.

Public facilities

The city is (together with Eberbach ) the seat of the church district Neckargemünd-Eberbach of the Evangelical Church in Baden . The district forest office of the Rhein-Neckar district is located in the former Elly-Heuss-Knapp-Schule.

Neckargemünd operates a terrace open-air swimming pool with a diving pool, a 50-meter lane (Olympic pool), a non-swimmer pool with a slide and a baby paddling pool in the Neckar Valley. The Olympic pool and the diving pool have been a natural pool since the 2008 bathing season.

School center
Vocational training center

education

In Neckargemünd there are three state primary schools (Dilsberg / Mückenloch, Waldhilsbach, Neckargemünd) and a special educational and advisory center with a special focus on learning (Erich-Kästner-Schule) (the former Hauptschule with Werkrealschule is now in Bammental ), as well as a school center with Realschule and grammar school as well as a state school with boarding for the hearing and speech impaired.

The school center burned down almost completely on June 2, 2003. After two years of tough negotiations, during which the lessons were outsourced to temporary containers, a modern school center equipped for full-day operation was built on the same site by 2008. The new building, built in passive house construction, was awarded the PROM of the year by RWE Energy AG in 2009 for the most energy-efficient commercial or public property.

In addition, the operating SRH in a large educational center with boarding the Berufsbildungswerk Neckargemünd and two state-approved private schools : The Stephen-Hawking-Schule (SHS), a UNESCO project school is on the formation of physically disabled children and young people with special needs in inclusive education not geared towards disabled students. The school covers the Baden-Württemberg school system in ten elementary courses from primary level to grammar school. The Leonardo da Vinci Gymnasium is a school for gifted children and young people.

There is also a music school and an adult education center in Neckargemünd. The city runs a library. For the youngest residents there are three communal, three private and two Evangelical and two Roman Catholic kindergartens.

Personalities

Honorary citizen

  • 1893: Ludwig Carl Reichert, Catholic parish priest
  • 1895: Gustav Wöttlin, Dean, Protestant town pastor
  • 1984: Kurt Schieck, Mayor from 1966 to 1984
  • 1992: Henri Buet, former mayor of the twin town Evian
  • 1994: Wolf-Peter Haasemann, long-time city councilor and 1st deputy. mayor
  • 2000: Oskar Schuster, mayor from 1984 to 2000

sons and daughters of the town

Other personalities associated with the city

literature

  • Richard Nutzinger: War Chronicle of the City of Neckargemünd . Typewritten manuscript, 29 pp. Neckargemünd, August 1945, reprinted in the Neckargemünder Jahrbuch 1995
  • State Archive administration Baden-Württemberg in connection with d. Cities and districts Heidelberg u. Mannheim (Hrsg.): The city and districts Heidelberg and Mannheim: Official district description .
    • Vol. 1: General part . Karlsruhe 1966
    • Vol. 2: The city of Heidelberg and the municipalities of the district of Heidelberg . Karlsruhe 1968
  • Günther Wüst: A thousand years Neckargemünd 988–1988. Contributions to the history of a Neckartal community. City of Neckargemünd 1988, ISBN 978-3-93103-300-2
  • Hermann Eris Busse: Heidelberg and the Neckar Valley . In: Badische Heimat. Journal for folklore, heritage, nature and monument protection . 26th year 1939. p. 417, "Neckargemünd in the 16th and 17th centuries" . o. V., Freiburg im Breisgau 1939.
  • Badische Heimat, publications of the regional association Badische Heimat. Journal for Folklore, Local History, Nature Conservation and Monument Protection Yearbook, Issue 4 Ekkhart 1975
  • Neckargemünder Jahrbuch, publisher Stadt Neckargemünd, published from 1989 to 1998, articles on the city's past and present, editors: Wolf Peter Haasemann, Klaus Hoepke, Doris Meyer zu Schwabedissen, Uwe Uffelmann, Günther Wüst
  • Slogsnat, Helmut: Neckargemünd. "A jewel in the Electoral Palatinate". Heidelberg - Ubstadt-Weiher - Basel: Verlag Regionalkultur, 2015, ISBN 978-3-89735-864-5
  • von Solodkoff, Michael: Neckargemünd “a prelude from Heidelberg with a view of the world”. Heidelberg - Ubstadt-Weiher - Neustadt adW - Basel: Verlag Regionalkultur, 2016, ISBN 978-3-89735-911-6
  • Odenwald, Rolf: Families in Neckargemünd and Kleingemünd 1640-1910 . Edited by the city of Neckargemünd. Verlag regionalkultur Ubstadt-Weiher - Heidelberg - Basel 2019, ISBN 978-3-95505-129-7

Individual evidence

  1. State Statistical Office Baden-Württemberg - Population by nationality and gender on December 31, 2018 (CSV file) ( help on this ).
  2. Statistisches Landesamt Baden-Württemberg, status: December 31, 2010  ( page no longer available , search in web archivesInfo: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.statistik.baden-wuerttemberg.de  
  3. ^ State Institute for Environment, Measurements and Nature Conservation Baden-Württemberg
  4. ^ The state of Baden-Württemberg. Official description by district and municipality. Volume V: Karlsruhe District Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1976, ISBN 3-17-002542-2 . Pp. 381-384
  5. District description vol. 2 p. 741: Neckargemünd with Kleingemünd, without Dilsberg, Mückenloch and Waldhilsbach.
  6. District description vol. 2 p. 741: Neckargemünd with Kleingemünd, without Dilsberg, Mückenloch and Waldhilsbach.
  7. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 475 .
  8. a b Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality register for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 487 .
  9. Neckargemünd Main Statute, Section 14 ; accessed May 31, 2019.
  10. Baden-Württemberg State Statistical Office: Municipal council elections 2019, City of Neckargemünd ; City of Neckargemünd: City Council Election 2019 (PDF) ; accessed May 31, 2019.
  11. http://www.rnz.de/nachrichten/region_artikel,-Mit-509-Prozent-wird-Frank-Volk-Neckargemuends-Buergermeister-_arid,202536.html#null
  12. ^ Herwig John, Gabriele Wüst: Wappenbuch Rhein-Neckar-Kreis . Ubstadt-Weiher 1996, ISBN 3-929366-27-4 , p. 86
  13. ^ Klaus Hoepke: One hundred years of Villa Menzer. In: Neckargemünder Jahrbuch 1992, pp. 6–29.
  14. Ursula Kohl: Museum Guide Rhein-Neckar-Kreis . Schwetzingen 1995, ISBN 3-87742-101-6
  15. Completed special exhibitions , Neckargemünd website, accessed on February 13, 2014
  16. The winners. (No longer available online.) PROM of the year, archived from the original on June 27, 2009 ; Retrieved July 9, 2009 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.prom-des-jahres.de
  17. Georg Hermann and the house at Poststrasse 2 at www.stanomir.de (accessed on October 27, 2012)

Web links

Commons : Neckargemünd  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikivoyage: Neckargemünd  - travel guide