Meschede
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Coordinates: 51 ° 21 ' N , 8 ° 17' E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | North Rhine-Westphalia | |
| Administrative region : | Arnsberg | |
| Circle : | Hochsauerlandkreis | |
| Height : | 260 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 218.5 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 29,786 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 136 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 59872 | |
| Primaries : | 0291 (Meschede and surroundings), 02903 (Freienohl and surroundings), 02934 (Grevenstein) | |
| License plate : | HSK | |
| Community key : | 05 9 58 032 | |
| LOCODE : | DE MSE | |
City administration address : |
Franz-Stahlmecke-Platz 2 59872 Meschede |
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| Website : | ||
| Mayor : | Christoph Weber ( CDU ) | |
| Location of the city of Meschede in the Hochsauerland district | ||
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Meschede is a medium-sized town in the northern Sauerland and since 1975 the district town of the Hochsauerlandkreis , North Rhine-Westphalia , Germany . During the municipal reorganization in 1975, the municipalities of the Meschede office , namely the city of Meschede and the municipalities of Calle, Meschede-Land and Remblinghausen, the city of Eversberg and three municipalities of the Freienohl office were merged to form the new city of Meschede. Since July 24, 2012 , Meschede officially bears the title of District and University Town .
geography
Geographical location
Meschede is located southwest of the Arnsberger Wald nature park on both sides of the Ruhr in the immediate vicinity of the Hennetalsperre . The Rothaargebirge connects to the southeast . To the southwest, the urban area merges into the former Homert Nature Park ( Sauerland-Rothaargebirge Nature Park since 2015 ).
The lowest point is 214 m above sea level (NHN) (river Ruhr at the transition to Oeventrop ), the highest point is 692.5 m above sea level (Hockenstein mountain, south of the village of Mosebolle ).
geology
Meschede is located in the Rhenish Slate Mountains on the northern border of the Rothaar Mountains . The rocks were mainly formed during the Devonian . During this time, two opposing facies developed . The givet in the Rhenish facies begins with around 140 meters thick, silty-clayey Wiedenester strata. Gray, carbonate, silty, fine-sand slates from the Grevenstein strata lie above these. As a Hercynian facies representative of the mass limestone, the 100 to 150 meter thick Wallen slate should be mentioned in addition to the Nuttlar slate .
Expansion of the urban area and land use
Meschede is one of the largest municipalities in Germany .
The 218.5 km² urban area is distributed over 12.70 km² of buildings, open spaces and operating areas (5.8%), 1.17 km² of recreational areas and cemetery areas (0.5%), 12.71 km² of traffic areas (5, 8%), 62.68 km² of agricultural area (28.7%), 124.60 km² of forest area (57.0%), 3.49 km² of water area (1.6%) and 1.15 km² of other usable area (0.5 %).
The north-south extension of Meschede is about 17.8 km and the east-west extension about 19.1 km.
Neighboring municipalities and surrounding large cities
Meschede borders in the north on Warstein in the district of Soest , in the east on Bestwig , in the south on Schmallenberg , in the south-west on Eslohe , in the west on Sundern and in the north-west on Arnsberg , all of which are in the Hochsauerland district.
The closest larger cities with over 100,000 inhabitants are Paderborn in the northeast , Kassel in the east, Siegen in the south, Hagen in the west and Dortmund and Hamm in the northwest .
City structure
In addition to the core town of Meschede, the urban area includes the districts Baldeborn , Berge , Berghausen , Beringhausen , Blüggelscheidt , Bockum , Bonacker , Calle , Drasenbeck , Einhaus , Enkhausen , Enste , Ensthof , Erflinghausen , Eversberg , Frenkhausen , Freienohl , Frielinghausen , Galiläa , Giesmecke, Grevenstein , Heggen , Heinrichsthal , Höringhausen , Horbach , Immenhausen , hermitage , Köpper head Köttinghausen , Kotthoff, Laer , Löllinghausen , Löttmaringhausen , Mielinghausen, Mosebolle , Mülsborn , Obermielinghausen, Olpe , Remblinghausen , Schederberge , Schedergrund, Stoke , Stesse , Stockhausen , Vellinghausen , Visbeck , Wallen , Wehrstapel , Wennemen , Windhäuser and Wulstern.
climate
In general, Meschede is characterized by the transition area between the oceanic and continental climates in southeast Westphalia . Accordingly, the summers are partly damp and cool, but partly also dry and warm. Peak values of 38 ° C were measured despite the location in the mountains (230–632 m above sea level), and lows of below –15 ° C are not uncommon due to the valley location. All year round there is often precipitation that is intense on the northern dam of the mountains, the city is located on the northwestern edge of a ridge of the Rothaargebirge , therefore the average rainfall is almost 1000 mm. In the winter months there is a substantial snow cover that can reach a height of 50 cm. Reports of severe weather are also historically well documented. The construction of the Hennesees goes back, among other things, to the fact that in the 19th century the city was often hit by floods, often caused by the snowmelt in the Hochsauerland. Severe storms such as 1969, 1997, 2001, 2006 and most recently in June and August 2007 brought some noteworthy floods with them.
history
Meschedes beginnings
In the new industrial park in the Enste district, remnants of rural settlements from the pre-Roman Iron Age were found during construction work in 2014 . Apart from that, the oldest records of Mesched history go back to the 8th century. During this time the Hünenburg was built about 1.5 km from the city center (on today's outskirts) as a Carolingian hill fort . It represented a powerful symbol of the new Franconian rule over the conquered Saxons after the protracted Saxon Wars and served, among other things, as a refuge . Its location near two intersecting streets was strategically well chosen. There Emhildis founded a noble women's monastery around 870 and became its first abbess. Saint Walburga was the patroness of the monastery. The monastery continued to exist in varying forms until it was abolished in 1804 as part of secularization. The oldest collegiate church dates from the Carolingian era. It was a cruciform basilica, of which the west tower (from around 900) and the ring crypt have been preserved to this day.
The oldest documented mention speaks of a pen named "Mescedi" in 913. King Otto I granted him market and customs rights in 958, which was the prerequisite for the development of a market place around the monastery. The monastery was able to expand its possessions in the period that followed; it was one of the richest and largest in Westphalia , but was always under the power of the powerful Count von Arnsberg .
A parish was found early on in Meschede, the location of which roughly corresponds to the street “im Rebell”, that is, only around 100 m from the women's monastery. The church "Mariä Himmelfahrt et St. Johanni" was the parish church for Meschede and Meschede-Land. In the course of the secularization of the monastery, the parish was first converted into a school and later completely demolished. A baptismal font can be found in St. Walburga today. Another early medieval sacred building that still exists today is the Michaeliskapelle on the Klausenberg (colloquially Klausenkapelle ), which has been located high above the city since the 10th century.
From pen to freedom
In today's urban area of Meschede, the Counts of Arnsberg laid out the two fortified settlements of Eversberg and Grevenstein . In this way they wanted to secure their territory against the claims of the archbishops of Cologne. Meschede only achieved freedom in 1457 . In 1572 Meschede joined the Hanseatic League through a contract with the city of Arnsberg . It was not until 1604 that Meschede paid the remainder of the Hanseatic contribution set in 1572. The construction of a town hall in 1581 speaks of a civil development in Meschede. The horrors and destruction of the Thirty Years' War did not stop at Meschede. St. Walburga was also affected. A clothmaker's guild can be found in the early 18th century. Towards the end of the century, the place was hit by the Red Ruhr several times in a row .
Meschede in the 19th century
In 1802 the Duchy of Westphalia and with it Meschede fell to the Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt. In 1807 the offices were restructured, making Meschede the seat of its own office. In 1816 the duchy was added to the Kingdom of Prussia. Meschede's upswing begins with the appointment to the district town of Meschede in 1819. In 1837 nine city councilors were elected for the first time according to the Prussian municipal code of 1835 . At that time, Meschede had around 1750 inhabitants. The first industrial and commercial facilities can be found primarily on the rivers Ruhr and Henne, a tool factory, a textile company and a shoe last factory are to be mentioned. The construction of the Upper Ruhr Valley Railway, through which Meschede could also be reached by rail from 1871, brought about a further economic upswing, more than the expansion of the Cologne-Mindener Fernstraße in 1815, which led to a profound intervention in the Meschede settlement structure . In 1899 Meschede had almost 3,000 inhabitants.
Industrialization and World War I
The settlement of the Honsel -Werke brings the city to the fore to become an industrial city. Construction of the Hennetalsperre began in 1901 and was completed in 1905. This apparently solved a horrific problem of Meshedes: the risk of flooding during flooding . The city on the Ruhr and Henne was regularly under water, and in places the water is said to have flowed meters high through the streets. In 1927, however, the floods for the Hennetalsperre could not be tamed - the water also flowed over the dam wall .
During the First World War, an extensive prisoner-of-war camp was set up in the north of the city , evidence of which are still the alignment of some streets in the north of Meschede and the street name "Lagerstraße".
Between the wars, Meschede originally had around 4,500 inhabitants, the city began to expand further - the houses increasingly climbed the slopes and left the Ruhr valley.
The increase in population was associated with the expansion of the Honsel works , which were originally founded as a remelting works for aluminum scrap (secondary works), but had developed into one of the largest German aluminum foundries before the Second World War, as part of the armament of the Wehrmacht . This branch was preferentially taken up again after the war damage and the Honsel-Werke soon became the largest German customer foundry in the aluminum sector and as such remained in the family for many years.
As a result of the upswing, new commercial buildings were built in the city center, some of the remaining old half-timbered buildings had to give way.
National Socialism and World War II
With the takeover of the Nazis 1933 Meschede was "brought into line". On the night of the pogrom in 1938, the synagogue was badly damaged by SS people and destroyed in an air raid in 1945. The expansion of the city continued, the Honsel-Werke now employed around 3,000 people, in 1940 Meschede lived 7,500 people. Over the next few years, more than 1,000 forced laborers were added who were deported to Meschede for slave labor: 480 for the Honselwerke in the Schützenstrasse camp, 380 others in the Wilhelm von Hagen camp in Heinrichsthal, and 200 in the Waldstrasse camp. When the Möhne and Edertalsperre were bombed on May 17, 1943, unrest also arose in Meschede for the first time. Due to the fear of a possible attack on the Hennetalsperre, posters with the inscription "Escape route in case of flooding" were hung up; Similar inscriptions on walls could still be read in the 1960s.
From October 1944, Laer Castle was the seat of a military staff responsible for the V2 rockets . The construction of launch ramps near Meschede began, but because of the advance of the Allies it was no longer used.
Until then, only a few bombs had been dropped, but this changed on October 22, 1944, when the first attack on the station took place. The German arms industry was spread across the country, the underground relocation affected the armaments production facilities. The transportation system remained vulnerable, making the railroad a major USAAF target in the fall of 1944 . At that time, the railway that ran through Meschede was double-tracked throughout and was used to capacity up to its capacity limit, and in some cases it was operated beyond the capacity limit on sight. As the western front approached , the route was continuously attacked with low-flying fighter-bombers until the trains could only run at night. These attacks also included those on Meschede train station, which each time missed the target by 50 or 100 m. However, houses in the vicinity of the train station were repeatedly hit, with the loss of human life several times.
The attacks took on a completely different character when the USAAF began to assume that there would be significant arms production in Meschede. The next attack no longer flew a few fighter-bombers, but 97 B-24s of the 8th US Air Force .
On February 19, 1945, at half past two at noon, an Allied bomber unit attacked the city from the south-east; in addition to 200 high-explosive bombs, around 20,000 incendiary bombs were dropped. The city center was a sea of flames, the church tower of St. Walburga towered over this picture. Many Mesheders fled to the surrounding fields and looked from there at the end of old Meshedes. At the end of the day 45 people died and most of the houses in the city center were destroyed or badly damaged. The Honsel works, the train station and the Hotel Baxmann with the V2 staff were spared. St. Walburga was not badly affected either. Since the firefighters were not allowed to put them out, the fire spread. On February 19, the supply of electricity, gas and water also ended for many Mescheder. After the bombers missed all military targets, it was to be expected that the city would return to the target list as soon as the Allies had taken their aerial photographs and evaluated the images.
Just nine days later, another air raid hit the city center, but this time also hit the Honsel works. The station and V2 staff remained intact. The attack was carried out by 79 B-24s of the 8th US Air Fleet, the USAAF named "the Henschel tank plant at Meschede" as the target.
On March 22, 1945, a Wehrmacht unit committed a massacre of 80 Soviet forced laborers near the Eversberg branch off Reichsstrasse 55 . One day later, the last attack with strategic bombers took place with 19 B-17s . After that, the Honsel works were almost completely destroyed, the train station was finally hit - but also housing estates in the north of the city. Meschede's mayor was murdered by a werewolf squad on March 28th . The organization confessed to this deed on "Werewolf Radio".
The capture of Meshedes by US troops lasted one and a half days, which was met by “moderate resistance”. It began on April 7th with air strikes on a German artillery position on Vogelsang and on April 8th it was led by Wehrmacht and Volkssturm units with machine gun nests, snipers and anti-aircraft guns positioned on Schultenkamp against advancing Americans. After the tank barriers were bombed in Heinrichsthal, it ended with the withdrawal of the Wehrmacht after the Ruhr bridges had been blown up and the US troops moved in on the evening of April 8th. But there was still shooting the next day. American war diaries speak of April 9 as “Sniping in town, still cleaning up”. or "through Meschede (where we saw the Inf. clear the hill above the town of German infantry troops)". The blasting of the bridges in Meschede was particularly fruitless, because the location of the city is explained, among other things, by the fact that horse-drawn carts and all-terrain military vehicles can cross the Ruhr here.
reconstruction
As everywhere, the post-war years were marked by hardship and misery. A concrete construction plan for Meschede already existed in 1945. It provided for street straightening and raising the city center for flood protection, but also moving the town hall from the central intersection to the bank of the Ruhr. Plans to sacrifice the St. Walburga Church for a wide intersection in the city center were barely prevented by the pastor Künsting through his courageous intervention with the upper authorities. The city grew mainly due to the influx of displaced persons from eastern Germany to the north and south-east. 12,500 inhabitants were counted as early as 1955, during this period the worst war damage was removed from the city, the St. Walburga Church got its historic spire again. However, there are still vacant lots in the center that can be traced back to wartime influences. In the mid-1950s, the "new" Hennesee was inaugurated, the old dam was shut down in 1948 due to undercutting, a rock embankment dam was built 200 m upstream, with the capacity increased from 11 to almost 39 million m³. The town hall was inaugurated for the 1000th anniversary in 1959. In the 1960s, Meschede expanded in all directions, and in 1961 the Eversberg Cemetery was inaugurated. In 1964, in the north high above the city, the Friedenskirche of the Benedictine Abbey was consecrated, which today is one of the most imposing buildings in the city, along with the St. Walburga Church and the district building. In 1970 a smallpox epidemic in Meschede, which was noticed nationwide, resulted in the death of four people.
Urban development in the recent past
In the north of the city, the "garden city" (which is not a classic garden city in the sense of the inventor) was built with large-scale apartment buildings in the early 1970s , there were also extensive residential areas in the south of the city, new schools and authorities were built, including the district building which was handed over to the determination in 1987.
The redevelopment of the core city, which began in 1970, was one of the most important projects in Meschede's recent history. Numerous grievances had to be eliminated: commercial settlements in the inner city area, inadequate visual appearance of some streets, structural defects, but above all the nationwide known "Staufalle" Meschede had to be eliminated. In 1982 the Antonius Bridge was inaugurated and the laying of the B 55 had begun. By building another bridge over the Ruhr, the level crossing, which was partly responsible for the constant traffic jams in the city center, could be closed and the Ruhrstraße converted into a pedestrian zone.
The four-lane tangent, which passed south of the old town center, was completed in a second step by 1987. The Stiftscenter was opened in 1984 as a multi-storey car park with attached shops, the new headquarters of Sparkasse Meschede was opened in 1980, and the town hall was inaugurated in the immediate vicinity in the same year. Kaiser-Otto-Platz became a pedestrian zone in 1991. With the completion of the inner city ring, the redevelopment of the inner city was completed in 1998. Numerous commercial and industrial companies were relocated to the "Enste" industrial area. With the redevelopment, the quality of the inner city was significantly upgraded and the sometimes dreary construction of the 1950s was absorbed. In recent years, numerous new buildings have been completed in the city center: several old people's homes and new commercial buildings have been built. With the construction of the Employment Agency and the renovated St. Walburga Church, the inner-city development came to a preliminary conclusion. New residential areas emerged from 2000 and are being built in the north-west of the city on the Hainberg and in the south-east.
Planning in the years 2000–2005 concentrated on the area of the Deutsche Bahn , which has withdrawn more and more from its areas over the past 20 years. After several years of difficult planning, the work on the so-called "Bahnschiene West" was partially completed in 2008.
In addition, the area around the town hall was redesigned. A commercial building has been created that houses a fashion store and restaurants with a view of the Ruhr. The city of Meschede's project is currently determining urban development within the framework of the Regionale 2013 , especially that of the core city. Under the motto “Knowledge, water, change - a university town on the river”, Meschede’s relationship to Ruhr and Henne is to be strengthened and the character of a university town promoted. In particular, the opening of the "Hennedeckel" - a construction project in the 1960s in the city center, which provided the course of the Henne with a concrete cover, which is unaesthetic from today's perspective, and the design of riverbank areas with the associated increase in the quality of stay in Meschede led to a broader one Approval and support of the project for the Regionale 2013.
In the summer of 2013, the opening of the Henne was already completed, which greatly changed the image of the city center. Furthermore, the new Johannesbrücke was built over the Ruhr east of the city center. This completes the Ostring, which began a long time ago, and directs the main traffic over Kolpingstrasse. So Winziger Platz could now become a traffic-calmed 30s zone . The Ruhr Bridge was also closed until 2014 for a comprehensive and urgently needed renovation. It was also announced that the town hall building, which used to be a department store, has found an investor. There are plans for a comprehensive renovation and the establishment of a “Meschede Center”, the completion of which was planned for autumn 2014.
Incorporations
In the course of the local reorganization , the districts of Arnsberg, Brilon and Meschede were combined to form the Hochsauerlandkreis on January 1st, 1975; Meschede became a district town. On the same day, the city was expanded to include the previously independent communities of Calle, Eversberg, Freienohl, Grevenstein, Meschede-Land, Remblinghausen and Visbeck. Parts of the former communities Harblinghausen and Reiste, each with a little over 100 inhabitants at that time, were added. The population increased to over 32,000.
Population development
During the 17th century, Meschede had around 600 inhabitants. From 1818 to 1939 one can speak of a linear increase in population growth in Meschede . The population increased from 6,497 to 15,489. From 1939 to 1970 the number of inhabitants rose to 31,533, a doubling of the population in just over 30 years. In the following years up to 1998 the number of inhabitants rose only slightly to 32,764. The population development in Meschede has been declining since 2002.
As of June 30, 2017 (city statistics) the population is 30,439, of which 15,354 are female and 15,085 are male. 15,066 inhabitants live in the core city of Meschede.
Religions
The entire Sauerland region of Electoral Cologne, whose sovereign was the Archbishop of Cologne until 1803, has a Catholic character. In 2011 the majority of the population, around 62.22%, was Catholic, 13.61% of the population are Protestant and 21.17% have a different belief or are of no religion.
politics
City Council
In the city council of Meschede from the Second World War until the local elections in 2009 - apart from a brief interlude of the SPD from 1949 to 1952 - the CDU had an absolute majority. In the meantime, the CDU has lost an absolute majority, but is still the largest parliamentary group in the Council. Before the 2014 local elections, the Meschede City Council had 46 members. Since then it has had 38 members and is made up of parliamentary groups from the CDU, SPD, Independent Voting Association Meschede (UWG) , FDP , Greens , and Meschede Needs Future (MbZ).
After the local elections on May 25, 2014 , the distribution of seats was as follows:
| Party / group | Seats | G / V |
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| CDU | 19th | - 1 |
| SPD | 10 | ± 0 |
| UWG | 4th | - 3 |
| Green | 2 | ± 0 |
| FDP | 2 | - 2nd |
| MbZ - Meschede needs a future | 1 | - 2nd |
The graph opposite shows the gains and losses compared to the local elections in 2009.
mayor
The mayor of the city of Meschede is Christoph Weber (CDU). Weber was elected the new mayor of Meschede in 2015 with 55.19% of the vote.
Former mayor and mayor since 1900
- 1894–1920: Mayor Hermann Heuel
- 1922–1933: Mayor Anton Bange
- 1933–1937: Mayor Caspar Ebel
- 1937–1945: Alexander Scherf, murdered a week and a half before Meshedes was liberated by the “Werewolf” organization
- 1945–1946: Caspar Ebel (CDU)
- 1946–1948: Engelbert Dick (CDU), first freely elected mayor after the Second World War
- 1948–1952: Hugo Werner (SPD)
- 1952–1961: Engelbert Dick (CDU)
- 1961–1969: Josef Busch (CDU)
- 1969–1974: Bruno Peus (CDU)
- 1975–1997: Franz Stahlmecke (CDU), first mayor of today's city of Meschede after the municipal reorganization
- 1998–1999: Bruno Peus (CDU)
- 1999–2015: Hans-Ulrich (Uli) Hess (CDU), first full-time mayor
Results of state and federal elections
In the last state and federal elections, the parties in Meschede received the following shares of the second vote:
| choice | CDU | SPD | FDP | Green | left | Others with a high percentage of votes |
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| Bundestag election 2009 | 40.17% | 24.61% | 16.48% | 6.96% | 6.90% | |
| State election 2010 | 45.74% | 30.33% | 6.83% | 8.01% | 3.62% | |
| State election 2012 | 37.09% | 34.33% | 8.52% | 7.86% | 1.73% | Pirates: 7.01% |
| Bundestag election 2013 | 49.81% | 28.32% | 5.14% | 4.96% | 4.75% | |
| State election 2017 | 45.25% | 26.43% | 12.45% | 3.53% | 2.95% | AfD: 5.36% |
| Bundestag election 2017 | 41.81% | 22.88% | 14.04% | 5.31% | 5.18% | AfD: 7.29% |
Town twinning
Since October 30, 1965 there has been a town partnership with Le Puy-en-Velay ( France ). In addition, Meschede is continuing a town partnership between Freienohl and Cousolre (France), which existed before the incorporation in 1975 . On June 10, 1956, the city decided to sponsor the expellees from the former Silesian city of Winzig ( Poland ). Through this sponsorship, a close connection has also developed to the community of Neufraunhofen , in which many tiny people have also found a new home without an official partnership.
coat of arms
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Blazon :
Split by blue and silver; in front a half silver eagle with a red tongue, behind a continuous black cross. Description: The eagle refers to the former affiliation to the County of Arnsberg and the Electorate of Cologne Cross to the Electorate of Cologne. The new city of Meschede took over the coat of arms of the old city of Meschede in 1975. Official approval took place on July 30, 1976. |
Nature, culture and sights
Protected areas for nature
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Since 1994 there has been a landscape plan for the Mesched city area in which the areas outside the built-up districts and the scope of a development plan have been designated as landscape protection areas, provided that there is no higher protection status such as a nature reserve (NSG).
There are a total of 55 nature reserves ranging in size from 0.5 ha to 160.7 ha. Six areas, such as parts of the Arnsberg Forest , have also been designated as European protected areas ( FFH areas ). Parts of these FFH areas are mostly also in other urban areas.
There are 67 natural monuments in the urban area . The natural monuments are old individual trees or groups of trees. 17 of these natural monuments are located in localities.
In the urban area there are also 98 small-scale protected landscape elements . There are also numerous smaller legally protected biotopes , which are also located in areas of other protection categories.
The northern city area has been part of the Arnsberger Wald nature park since 1961 and the areas south of the Ruhr part of the Sauerland-Rothaargebirge nature park since 2015 . From 1964 to 2015 the southern urban area was part of the Homert Nature Park . The undeveloped areas of the urban area had been designated as a landscape protection area from 1961 and 1964, the year the Arnsberg Forest Nature Park and Homert Nature Park were founded . There are 102 landscape protection areas in the landscape planning area. In the city there is a landscape protection area of type A, large-scale landscape protection ( landscape protection area Meschede ), 51 landscape protection areas of type B, small-scale landscape protection and 50 landscape protection areas of type C, meadow valleys . In the type A landscape protection area, the erection of buildings and first afforestation, including the creation of new Christmas tree cultures, are prohibited. In type B there is also a ban on converting grassland and fallow grassland. In type C, there is also a ban on converting grassland and fallow grassland into arable land or other forms of use. A maximum of two years of arable use within twelve years is permitted, provided that this prepares the renewal of the sward. This is considered an extended nursing shift. In the case of extended care changes, a minimum distance of five meters from the central water bed must be maintained.
In addition to other bird species, the large bird species black stork and red kite occur.
Culture
Cultural events of all kinds take place in the Meschede town hall. The Old Synagogue Civic Center, which was opened in 1999 and was used as a synagogue until the pogrom night in 1938 and was initially a carpenter's workshop after the war , is ideal for smaller exhibitions and concerts . Concerts are also held all year round in the churches of Mesched. There is also the small Linden-Theather cinema, which opened in 1928, in Meschede .
In 1992, on the occasion of the 750th anniversary of the mountain town of Eversberg, an amateur theater group came together, which in 2002 was named Burgtheater Eversberg . The performances take place on the stage of the Schlossberghalle .
There are other theater performances by amateur play groups in Meschede-Berge and occasionally in Meschede-Remblinghausen , which also use the local shooting halls for their performances.
music
The music school of the Hochsauerlandkreis has a brass band and a symphonic wind orchestra. In addition to the music school, there are numerous music associations. In the core city there are z. B. the music train of the volunteer fire brigade.
Museums
In the district of Eversberg is the museum for rural handicraft and industrial history, landscape and cultural development .
Buildings
→ See also: List of monuments in the city of Meschede
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The buildings worth seeing in the city center include the Königsmünster Abbey , the Laer moated castle and the associated Laer tower ruins , located around 600 m west of the castle , the former Galilee Monastery northwest of Meschede and the Hünenburg ramparts . Also the parish and collegiate church of St. Walburga of the Meschede monastery, the Klaus chapel on the mountain of the same name, the powder tower of Meschede , the old synagogue and the old district house (today district court) from 1896 as well as the architecturally interesting new district house.
Parks
With the help of the Structural Funding Program Regionale 2013 , the Hennepark and the Henneauen were built on the river bed of the Henne south of the city center, including the former city park .
The park leads from the inner city (district building) to Hennedamm along the Henne, whereby the northeastern part of the park is crossed by the renatured Henne and the southwestern part has no direct contact with the Henne.
The Hennepark behind the district building offers a playground, water play facilities, seating and two bridges over the hen. From the park there is direct access to the old Jewish cemetery . The Henneauen can be reached after crossing a street and a school yard with a playground. Here, far away from traffic, you can walk along the renatured Henne to Hennedamm with its stairway to heaven .
Sports
The sports center with the Dünnefeld Stadium is located next to the vocational college and the outdoor and indoor swimming pool on the Ruhr. 46 sports clubs are registered in Meschede, offering badminton, soccer, handball, martial arts, sailing, swimming and gymnastics.
In 2007 Meschede was the venue for the Veltins Basketball CUP, which was played between four teams in the German basketball league.
Associations in Meschede
Meschede has an active club life. There are two shooting clubs in Meschede. The St. Georgs Schützenbruderschaft with an almost 525-year history and the Meschede Nord Schützengemeinschaft. Numerous music associations and choirs in Meschede and its villages help shape cultural life. Sports are not neglected in the city either. B. several football clubs. The history of the oldest local fishing club ASV Sauerlandia goes back to 1938. The Mesched scouts have been doing youth work in the city since 1949. The tribe has about 100 members. The youth association Die Falken has existed since 1976 and has been running the Rockcafé youth center since 1982, now at Kolpingstrasse 18. In 2005 a youth fire brigade was founded. The German Red Cross, the German Life Saving Society and the Technical Relief Organization are also represented with a local group in Meschede. There has been an Esperanto club since 1991. The Meschede rowing club, or RCM for short, was founded in 1966. The boathouse at Hennesee in Berghauser Bay was inaugurated on September 19, 1975.
Regular events
Traditionally, the shooting festival is celebrated in Meschede. In most parts of the city there is a rifle hall that can also be used for other events. Meschede itself has two rifle clubs, both with their own halls and their own shooting festivals (the St. George's shooting festival, which takes place annually on Corpus Christi, and the shooting festival in the north of Meschede, which takes place on the second weekend in July).
There are pub nights in spring and autumn: Live music is played in various bars. You can experience them all with one entry.
On the third weekend in August, a city center dinner will be held in the pedestrian zone and on the market square.
During the NRW summer holidays, an open-air concert with changing bands takes place every Wednesday with free admission.
In addition, there are usually linked events on Sundays when shopping is open, e.g. B. May Sunday or the city festival.
Various events also take place in the sporting sector, e.g. B. a triathlon at Hennesee , the company run at the HSK, the school run or other major events in the city or in the sports halls.
Culinary specialties
A local specialty that dates back to 1848 is ham on the bone or core that has matured over several months . The ham salting and smokehouse was located in the city center at that time. In 1980 it was relocated to the Enste commercial and industrial area.
The "Mescheder Wind" is a 15 percent herbal liqueur .
The foods produced by the monks and brothers of Königsmünster Abbey are also very popular in Meschede , e.g. B. different types of bread and cakes, homemade sausage or the Pater Linus beer .
tourism
The Hennesee , a 213-hectare artificial reservoir that is located near the core town of Meschede, is of great tourist interest and is used for swimming and non-motorized shipping.
Another attraction since summer 2008 has been the Lörmecke tower in the Arnsberg Forest near Meschede; an observation tower with a view over the surroundings of Meschede.
graveyards
There are three cemeteries in the center of Meschede:
- the main cemetery near the district court
- the Evangelical Cemetery on Briloner Straße as well
- the north cemetery on Dünnefeldweg. This cemetery also offers the possibility of burial in a separate urn grove .
There are other cemeteries in the districts of Berge, Calle, Freienohl, Grevenstein, Eversberg, Remblinghausen and Wennemen.
In addition, the Eversberg Cemetery of Honor is located in Meschede to commemorate those who fell from the Second World War .
The Fulmecke forest cemetery is the cemetery of the former prisoner of war camp in Meschede during the First World War. The victims of the massacre in the Arnsberg Forest shortly before the end of the Second World War were later buried here.
The old Jewish cemetery Meschede is located in the city center near the Hennepark . Another Jewish cemetery in the Grevenstein district.
Economy and Infrastructure
economy
In the course of time, several commercial and industrial areas have been created in Meschede. The largest areas were created in 1998 and are located in the Enste district (commercial and industrial area Enste-Süd / Gewerbegebiet Enste-Nord) with a direct connection to the federal motorway 46 .
The second, older industrial area in the black quarry is closer to the city center and forms a parallel street to the B 55 / Warsteiner Straße. In addition to manufacturing companies and a. also a number of supermarkets / discounters.
In the vicinity of the districts there are also commercial spaces, for example in Calle-Wallen (Vosswinkel commercial area) in the southwest, Freienohl (Im Langel commercial area) in the west, Remblinghausen (Zum Osterfeld commercial area) in the south and Wennemen (Südstraße commercial area) in the southwest of the city area.
Commerzbank , Deutsche Bank , Postbank , Sparkasse Mitten im Sauerland and Volkbank Sauerland eG are located in Meschede .
The largest employers in Meschede are Martinrea Honsel Germany GmbH (light metal products), the Veltins brewery and Deutsche Telekom AG . There are also numerous medium-sized companies in the district town. The metalworking industry and body construction are traditionally well represented.
Due to the seat of various authorities and institutions (including the district building, district police, state road construction office ("StraßenNRW"), the House of Agriculture and the Employment Agency) the city also has a large proportion of employees and civil servants.
traffic
Road traffic
The B 55 and A 46 run directly in the urban area . Federal highway 7 ran through the city until the mid-1990s (today L 743).
After the completion of the redevelopment of the city center and the associated relocation of road traffic, Meschede, which is known as the nationwide “eye of the needle”, was clearly defused. The inner-city development ring was completed at the end of the 1990s. To better connect the northern parts of the city with the city center, another crossing of the railway line has been discussed for years.
The integration of the city of Meschede into the supraregional transport network takes place primarily via the BAB 46, which runs in an east-west direction and has the following junctions in the city: Freienohl, Wennemen, Enste and Meschede. It creates a connection to the BAB 44 Dortmund-Kassel in the north-west and is to be further built to the east in the direction of Brilon as the B 480 to the Wünnenberg-Haaren motorway junction of the BAB 44 / A 33.
In north-south direction, the B 55 runs through the urban area of Meschede as an important supra-regional road axis. It secures in the north u. a. Via the connection to the BAB 44 and BAB 2 the connection to Lippstadt, Paderborn and the East Westphalian region and leads in the south via Olpe and the connection to the BAB 45 and BAB 4 to Cologne and Bonn.
Public transportation
In the urban area of Meschede there were five train stations: Meschede, Freienohl and Eversberg (located in the Wehrstapel district) on the Upper Ruhr Valley Railway , and Berge (Kr Meschede) and Wennemen on the Finnentrop – Wennemen railway line . Today only the Meschede and Freienohl stations are served by local passenger transport. Trains of the Dortmund-Sauerland-Express RE 57 between Dortmund and Winterberg and the Sauerland-Express RE 17 from Hagen to Warburg and Kassel run on both . From mid-2015 to the end of 2017, Meschede train station was modernized. The construction costs amounted to around 4.8 million euros, which were borne by the federal government , DB and the state . Trains are now barrier-free. Wennemen station is only used for loading wood, Eversberg and Berge are closed.
The area of the core city is served by a city bus system, and buses run to the districts as well as to Warstein and Lennestadt-Grevenbrück. A night bus runs on behalf of the city by the bus company Westfalenbus . A citizen bus is used on behalf of Regionalverkehr Ruhr-Lippe .
Airport
The Meschede-Schüren airfield , a Category II airfield, is located in the Schüren district . The nearest major commercial airports are Paderborn / Lippstadt Airport and Dortmund Airport , which can be reached in the same travel time via the 44 federal motorway .
media
In the north of Meschede, near the source of the Glassmecke river, there is the Meschede telecommunications tower , which broadcasts ultra-short waves.
Meschede is the seat of the local radio station Radio Sauerland . In addition, the South Westphalia University of Applied Sciences has been running the campus' own radio station radioFH !! .
Print media: There are editorial offices for the daily newspaper Westfalenpost ( Funke Mediengruppe ), the weekly advertising paper Sauerlandkurier and the quarterly regional WOLL magazine from AXO.media .
Public facilities
As the district town of the Hochsauerlandkreis, Meschede is the seat of the district administration. The city is also home to the NRW financial administration with the Meschede tax office, the employment agency , the district craftsmen and the regional branch Sauerland-Hochstift of the state road construction company NRW . The St. Walburga Hospital in Meschede and the Arnsberg Clinic want to merge to form the Hochsauerlandkreis Clinic.
The city is also the seat of the Meschede district court responsible for Bestwig, Eslohe and Meschede .
education
One of the five locations of the South Westphalia University of Applied Sciences is in Meschede. Here some 2,000 students in presence were in the winter term 2017/18 engineering , electrical engineering , industrial engineering , business administration and international program in International Management with Engineering trained. Meschede is also the location for students in agriculture, specializing in agriculture, of the North Rhine-Westphalia Chamber of Agriculture.
There are also two grammar schools in Meschede (the grammar school of the city of Meschede in the August Macke school center and the grammar school of the Benedictines), two secondary schools, three secondary schools, eleven elementary schools and one special school. The adult education center offers courses for extracurricular education .
Personalities
→ Main article: List of personalities from the city of Meschede
In the city of Meschede or its predecessor cities and communities, personalities as diverse as the artists Friedel Deventer , August Macke , Ansgar Nierhoff , politicians such as Adolf von Pilgrim , Monika Brunert-Jetter , Dagmar Schmidt , Clemens August von Westphalen zu Fürstenberg or theologians like August Pieper became known born. The industrial pioneer Fritz Honsel and the athlete Matthias Ungemach as well as numerous other people worked and lived in the city area .
literature
- Franz Ignatz Pieler : Historical news about the Meschede monastery. In: Paul Wigand (Ed.): Archive for History and Antiquity of Westphalia, Volume 7, 1. Lemgo 1835.
- Karl Köster: On the asset management of the Meschede monastery in the Middle Ages. Dissertation, Münster, 1909.
- Albert Huyskens : The district of Meschede under the fire roller of the Second World War. Bielefeld 1949.
- Manfred Wolf: Sources on the history of the monastery and freedom of Meschede. Meschede 1981.
- Bernhard Göbel (Ed.): 1000 years of Meschede. History - economy - culture. Published on behalf of the city of Meschede, Meschede 1959.
- Karl Egon Gordes (editor): Freedom Meschede. 500 years of civil language. Ed. St. Georgs-Schützenbruderschaft e. V. Meschede, Meschede 1986.
- Erika Richter (editor): The integration of the expellees in Meschede 1945–1955. Meschede 1988.
- Hanneli Kaiser-Löffler, Ottilie Knepper-Babilon, Wilfried Oertel, Erika Richter: Jewish families in Meschede. Becker, Arnsberg 1997, ISBN 3-930264-16-1 .
- Eva Hoffmann: 25 years of life in the new town of Meschede. Ed. City of Meschede. Meschede 2000.
- Ottilie Knepper-Babilon, Hannelie Kaiser-Löffler: Resistance against the National Socialists in the Sauerland. Edited by Hochsauerlandkreis, Meschede 2003.
- Ursula Jung: Meschede through the ages. Meschede yesterday. In: Sauerland No. 2, Arnsberg 2005.
- Olaf Goldstein, Ottilie Knepper-Babilon, Reinhard Köhne, Aline Kottmann, Werner Kreuz, Erika Richter, Manfred Wolf: Mescheder Geschichte, Volume 1. Ed. Heimatbund der Stadt Meschede, Meschede 2007, ISBN 978-3-00-023233-6 .
- Ottilie Knepper-Babilon, Hanneli Kaiser-Löffler, Ursula Jung: Mescheder Geschichte, Volume 2. Ed. Heimatbund der Stadt Meschede, Meschede 2013, ISBN 3-943973-05-0 .
- Manfred Schöne: The Duchy of Westphalia under Hesse-Darmstadt rule 1802-1816 , Olpe 1966.
- Peter Wiese: From Meschede's past. Meschede 1932 ( digitized ).
- Manfred Wolf: Meschede - Kanonissen, then collegiate monastery St. Walburga, in: Westfälisches Klosterbuch. Lexicon of the monasteries and monasteries established before 1815 from their founding to their abolition, Part 1 Ahlen - Mülheim, ed. by Karl Hengst, Münster 1992, pp. 582-587.
Web links
- Website of the city of Meschede
- Meschede in the Westphalia Culture Atlas
Individual evidence
- ↑ Population of the municipalities of North Rhine-Westphalia on December 31, 2019 - update of the population based on the census of May 9, 2011. State Office for Information and Technology North Rhine-Westphalia (IT.NRW), accessed on June 17, 2020 . ( Help on this )
- ^ Sauerland / Paderborn law of November 5, 1974
- ↑ Federal Statistical Office - Area changes from January 1st to December 31st, 2012
- ↑ Geodienst.de: Olaf Otto Dillmann: Zur Geologie des Sauerlandes, Geological overview (PDF) accessed on January 28, 2018
- ^ IT.NRW, state database: municipal profile of the city of Meschede ( Memento from November 13, 2017 in the Internet Archive ). Retrieved on November 12, 2017.
- ↑ Main statute of the city of Meschede, § 3 a Designation of parts of the municipality in civil status books and documents ( Memento of February 7, 2016 in the Internet Archive ). Retrieved on February 7, 2016.
- ↑ Press release of November 23, 2015 of the LWL
- ↑ Sabina Butz: Meschede and the Hanseatic League. WOLL Summer 2020: 84-87
- ↑ International Tracing Service HQ: Catalog of Camps and Prisons in Germany and German-occupied Territories, Sept. 1st, 1939 - May 8th, 1945, Volume II, Arolsen, April 1950.
- ↑ City Archives Meschede: End of the War - Zero Hour ( Memento from July 14, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF document)
- ↑ Karl Schaefer: The wooden bowl of the Kahns - memories from my childhood in the Third Reich, in the war and in the post-war period, page 120. Retrieved January 28, 2018
- ^ Karl Schaefer: The wooden bowl of the Kahns - memories from my childhood in the Third Reich, in the war and in the post-war period, page 156. Retrieved January 28, 2018
- ↑ Karl Schaefer: The wooden bowl of the Kahns - memories from my childhood in the Third Reich, in the war and in the post-war period, page 164. Retrieved January 28, 2018
- ↑ website paul.rutgers.edu: USAAF Chronology COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES, FEBRUARY 1945
- ↑ Alexander Perry Biddiscombe: Werwolf !: The History of the National Socialist Guerrilla Movement, 1944-1946, p. 40
- ^ William C. Sylvan (Author), Francis G. Smith Jr. (Author), John T. Greenwood (Ed.): Normandy to Victory: The War Diary of General Courtney H. Hodges and the First US Army. Page 365
- ↑ website 4point2.org: War Diary of 6 Detector, Lt Col Edgar VH Bell, CO, 90th Chemical Mortar Battalion
- ↑ Website 4point2.org: 90th Chemical Mortar Battalion, The Story of the Ninetieth In Training and In Action, 1944–1945
- ↑ Through the window . In: Der Spiegel . No. 7 , 1970, pp. 83-84 ( online ).
- ^ Smallpox in Germany . In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung , April 13, 2003. Retrieved October 8, 2014.
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 335 .
- ↑ Martin Bünermann, Heinz Köstering: The communities and districts after the municipal territorial reform in North Rhine-Westphalia . Deutscher Gemeindeverlag, Cologne 1975, ISBN 3-555-30092-X , p. 130 f .
- ^ Reinhard Koehne: Meschede. In: Geographical Commission for Westphalia (Hrsg.): Cities and municipalities in Westphalia , Volume 6, The Hochsauerlandkreis . Ardey-Verlag, Münster 1999, ISBN 3-87023-100-9 , p. 116.
- ↑ Demography Report 2014, p. 6 (PDF) City of Meschede. Retrieved January 2, 2018.
- ↑ The population statistics of Meschede (PDF; 118 kB) City of Meschede. Retrieved December 27, 2017.
- ↑ It.nrw.de: Religious affiliation of the population in North Rhine-Westphalia on May 9, 2011 (PDF) ( Memento of July 3, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) Retrieved on November 28, 2017.
- ^ The State Returning Officer NRW: Final local election results 2014 for Meschede
- ^ Meschede.de: Christoph Weber elected the new mayor of the city of Meschede on September 14, 2015. Accessed on December 3, 2017.
- ↑ Alexander Perry Biddiscombe: Werwolf !: The History of the National Socialist Guerrilla Movement, 1944-1946, p. 40
- ↑ a b c honorary citizens and personalities. Retrieved May 21, 2020 .
- ↑ Mayor Peus. Retrieved May 21, 2020 .
- ↑ Mayor Hess. Retrieved May 21, 2020 .
- ↑ wahlen.citkomm.de: Bundestag election 2009
- ↑ wahlen.citkomm.de: State elections 2010
- ↑ wahlen.citkomm.de: Landtag election 2012
- ↑ wahlen.citkomm.de: Bundestag election 2013
- ↑ wahlen.citkomm.de: State election 2017
- ↑ wahlen.citkomm.de: Bundestag election 2017
- ↑ Sister cities. Retrieved May 21, 2020 .
- ^ Eduard Belke, Alfred Bruns, Helmut Müller: Kommunale Wappen des Herzogtums Westfalen, Arnsberg 1986, p. 60 ISBN 3-87793-017-4
- ^ Westphalian Office for State and Building Maintenance: Meschede landscape plan . Arnsberg 1994, p. 19 ff
- ↑ Hochsauerlandkreis: Regulatory authority regulation for the establishment of natural monuments within the built-up districts and the scope of the development plans in the Hochsauerlandkreis from April 7, 2006. Official Journal for the Hochsauerlandkreis 32/4, p. 28 ff.
- ^ Westphalian Office for State and Building Maintenance: Meschede landscape plan . Arnsberg 1994, p. 79 ff
- ^ Westphalian Office for State and Building Maintenance: Meschede landscape plan . Arnsberg 1994, p. 127 ff
- ^ Westphalian Office for State and Building Maintenance: Meschede landscape plan . Arnsberg 1994, p. 97 ff
- ↑ Klaus Nottmeyer-Linden, Jochen Bellebaum, Andreas Buchheim, Christopher Husband, Michael Jöbges, Volker Laske: The birds of Westphalia. Nature in Book and Art, Neunkirchen 2002, ISBN 3-931921-06-9 .
- ^ Linden Theater - cinema in Meschede. Retrieved November 12, 2017.
- ↑ Burgtheater Eversberg. Retrieved January 17, 2018.
- ↑ Sauerland.com: Hennepark.Retrieved December 23, 2017.
- ↑ Hennepark am Kreishaus . Accessed on January 28, 2018.
- ↑ Meschede: Stadtsportverband Flyer 2012 (PDF)
- ↑ Shooting festivals. Retrieved May 21, 2020 .
- ↑ Pubs Night. Retrieved May 21, 2020 .
- ↑ Downtown dinner . Retrieved May 21, 2020 .
- ↑ Open Air. Accessed May 21, 2020 .
- ↑ May Sunday. Retrieved May 21, 2020 .
- ↑ Cemeteries Part 2. Retrieved May 21, 2020 .
- ↑ cemeteries. Retrieved May 21, 2020 .
- ^ City of Meschede: Modernization of the Meschede train station ( Memento from December 27, 2017 in the Internet Archive ). Retrieved on December 27, 2017.
- ↑ City of Meschede: Public transport. Accessed on December 27, 2017.
- ^ Regional traffic Ruhr-Lippe: Lines in Meschede ( Memento from December 27, 2017 in the Internet Archive ). Retrieved on December 27, 2017.
- ↑ FH-wsf.de - Statistics winter semester 2017/18 Retrieved on December 25, 2017.
- ^ Chamber of Agriculture North Rhine-Westphalia: Technical College for Agricultural Economics Meschede Retrieved on January 17, 2018.
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