Olympiapark (Munich)

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Olympic Park
Olympiaberg and Olympiasee in the Olympiapark
Olympic site at the blue hour
Olympic Tower at night

The Olympic Park in Munich was the venue for the XX. Olympic Games 1972 and is located in the Munich district 11 Milbertshofen-Am Hart on the Oberwiesenfeld area . To this day it is a venue for sporting events as well as a venue for cultural, social or religious / ideological events or services. The Olympiapark is managed by Olympiapark München GmbH , a wholly owned subsidiary of the City of Munich.

By November 2015, the 85 hectare park had over 11,500 events with more than 200 million visitors. Since the 1972 Summer Games, the buildings in the Olympic Park have hosted 31 world championships , 12 European championships and almost 100 German championships . There are also numerous other events such as concerts , trade fairs , exhibitions, etc.

Location and structure

The name Olympiapark for the entire area has largely established itself in everyday language as well as in semi-official use. The term Olympic site is often used for the entire area. There is no official name for the entire area, but a distinction is made between four different areas:

Special stamp block of the Deutsche Bundespost for the 1972 Olympic Games

Olympic site, area of ​​sports facilities such as the Olympic Stadium and Olympic Hall with Olympic Tower

Olympic Village , divided into Olympic village and Olympic Men Frauendorf (usually Olympic Village , or simply called Oly'dorf)

Olympic Press City , now a residential area with an Olympic shopping center . The Olympia Press City and the Olympia Shopping Center are located in the Moosach district .

Olympiapark , south of the Olympic site adjoining park with Olympiaberg and Olympiasee

The entire area is bounded in the east by Lerchenauer Strasse , in the north by Moosacher Strasse , and in the west, Landshuter Allee forms the border to Willi-Gebhardt-Ufer. Shifted there to the east, the Spiridon-Louis-Ring forms the western border from Willi-Gebhardt-Ufer to the south, and then the Rudolf-Harbig-Weg to Ackermannstrasse. The southern border of the area first runs along Ackermannstrasse and then around the allotment gardens to Winzererstrasse . Finally, the Winzererstrasse closes the last stretch of the eastern border to Lerchenauer Strasse. The Mittlerer Ring / Georg-Brauchle-Ring divides the area into two halves: the Olympic Village and the Olympic Press City are to the north, the Olympic site and the Olympic Park are south of the Georg-Brauchle-Ring.

history

Zeppelin LZ 126 over Oberwiesenfeld in front of the Knorr-Bremse building (1924)
Construction of the subway in front of the television tower (March 1968)
Olympic hall construction phase (1970)
Olympic village under construction (1971)
Olympic lake with Olympic hall and Olympic tower (2007)

The once flat Oberwiesenfeld, the building site for today's Olympic Park, bordered the city of Milbertshofen, which was incorporated into Munich in 1913 . The Munich-Oberwiesenfeld airport was located there until 1938. In the year of closure, 1938, the French Prime Minister Édouard Daladier and the British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain landed here to sign the Munich Agreement . After the relocation to Munich-Riem Airport , which opened in October 1939 , the area was used by the Air Force until the end of the war . From 1945 to 1957, the airfield was used by the US Army as Airfield R.74, while the rest of the site was partially fallow for around ten years. During this time, one of Munich's three piles of rubble was built on a sub-area between Schwere-Reiter-Straße and Nymphenburg Canal , the material of which was brought from the city, which was badly damaged by the war. The heap on the Oberwiesenfeld was 56 meters high and contained 10,000,000 cubic meters of rubble. In addition, from 1946 onwards, over 300 allotment gardens were laid out along the Nymphenburg Canal. From 1957 until shortly before the start of construction work for the Olympic Games, the northern part of the field was used by recreational pilots. The last aircraft took off in March 1968. The southern part was occupied between 1954 and 1967 by the annual construction machinery fair (Bauma). Even before the Olympic Games were awarded to Munich, the later Olympic Ice Sports Center , which was converted for boxing events in 1972, was built as an ice rink on Oberwiesenfeld between 1965 and 1967. In addition, the television tower was built as the second pre-Olympic building . Apart from these projects, the Oberwiesenfeld remained a structural development area. In this respect, it was an ideal place for the construction of Olympic sites.

After the International Olympic Committee had awarded the Games to Munich in 1966 , the plans for the urban reorganization of the Oberwiesenfeld became concrete. The motto “Olympic Games in the Green” was chosen as the concept, at the same time those responsible wanted to come close to the ideal of a citizen-oriented democracy at the time. Thanks to the use of well-known landscape architects and the first plant-sociological recordings before construction began - for example on the Oberschleißheim regatta course - nature and ecological aspects were to be valued for the first time at such a major event, so that the artificially created landscape dominated the Olympic site. The idea of ​​building a sports facility in a green area was not new, so a similar concept was pursued for the Flensburg Volkspark in the twenties, but in the consistent, continuous design for a site for the Olympic Games, it was completely New. The venue differed significantly from the parade grounds for the 1936 Olympic Games in Berlin . The architecture of the Olympic Stadium, with the roof modeled on a spider's web, stood out from the many previously built, often monumental, neoclassical Olympic venues. The graphical appearance, which is still groundbreaking today and for which the visual designer and graphic designer Otl Aicher was responsible, was in this spirit . The color scheme, binding for the first time at the Olympic Games, was intended to arouse positive, inviting emotions in visitors and athletes with its cheerfulness and freshness. The pictograms used, stylized to the last resort, were, after Tokyo, the first attempt on this scale to make international communication possible without language. Red, as an often misused color in totalitarian states, was considered taboo by the graphic team around Aicher . The deliberate visual absence of state security organs was achieved by a civilian, citizen-oriented appearance of the officials designed by Aicher. Here, too, the planners of the 1972 Games wanted to clearly distinguish themselves from the Berlin Olympic Games, which were abused by the state and characterized by security forces and military presence. Likewise, the torch relay, an institution first introduced in 1936, in which women and disabled people now took part, was intended to illustrate the distance between West Germany and National Socialism.

Olympia-Baugesellschaft mbH was founded on July 10, 1967 by the federal, state and city authorities to manage the coordination of the many companies involved and the sometimes novel technical problems on the three square kilometer area of ​​the Oberwiesenfeld. The implementation was based on the general design of the first winner of the Olympic competition in 1967, the Stuttgart architects Behnisch & Partner . This office developed the overall concept for the sports facilities, for the Olympic Village and for the road and path network of the venues on the Oberwiesenfeld. The green planning was awarded divided. The design of the dams north of the Mittlerer Ring , for the rubble and the sports facility area, was in the hands of the landscape architect Günther Grzimek , the area of ​​the Central University Sports Facility (ZHS) with the outdoor facilities between the Olympic village and the Olympic Park was carried out by the Stuttgart landscape architects Wolfgang Miller and Hans Lutz.

The earthworks began in the spring of 1968, initially with 2.2 million cubic meters of bulk material being moved. In this early phase, the work was still progressing rapidly and the costs were kept within the limits of the construction operations, but the extent of the overall work could not yet be fully predicted. The further the expansion progressed, the more clearly it became clear that it would not be possible to carry out the work according to construction and economic aspects. In addition, the turbulence - in particular the earthworks - increased beyond normal limits after the start of all construction work, especially since numerous duds of all types of ammunition from the Second World War were systematically removed . While the earth and topsoil work was still being done, large trees were planted in the 1969/1970 planting period.

Because of the contract for the 1972 Olympic Games, the expansion of the U3 underground line had to be accelerated drastically. It became an essential feeder in the traffic concept of the Games, which was supposed to bring guests from Munich Central Station to the planned terminus at the Olympiazentrum . The excavation of this civil engineering project was used, along with material from other major construction sites, to fill the dams and plateaus of the Olympic Center. The major earthworks had been completed by the end of 1970. The roof assembly on the Olympic Stadium could begin in the spring of 1971 and, despite all the problems relating to the coordination with the various work to be carried out at the same time, was completed on time. The mild autumn of 1971 and the dry spring of 1972 had a positive effect. In the green areas of the Olympic Park, a total of 3,100 large trees were planted in three planting seasons until 1971/1972. For this purpose, 350,000 cubic meters of topsoil had been processed in advance and 1,440,000 square meters of green space had been covered and sown. As early as the summer of 1971, the total area had used 25,300 cubic meters of water for watering and sprinkling purposes. In addition, 68,000 square meters of ready-made turf had been commissioned, which was available for repair work before, during and after the games. Disused wooden brewery barrels were used as transplanting containers for the large trees, which were divided in the middle and provided with holes on the sides to prevent waterlogging and to ensure ventilation. Trial fields were created for the sports turf in 1969 in order to find the best suitable subsurface, with the landscape architects Grzimek as well as Miller and Lutz making their own selection for their sub-areas. In 1972 a total of 20,000 prepared parking spaces were made available to visitors on the Oberwiesenfeld. The total cost at the end was 1.35 billion DM.

The name "Olympiapark" itself comes from the city's "Administrative Commission for the Naming of Stations on the U- and S-Bahn Lines in the City Area", which on November 3, 1969 gave the name "Olympiapark" to today's Olympiazentrum (U3) underground station. proposed. She justified this naming with the fact that the designation “Olympic Park” took into account the guiding principle “Olympic Games in the Green” and at the same time referred to the central function of the underground station, which, in connection with the bus station above, connected the operation of all sports facilities and the entire area be. The term found its way into semi-official language usage, whereby in most cases means the entire area in the sense of the Administrative Commission. When it comes to a comprehensive representation of the park including the sports facilities, the halls and the former Olympic village, the term Olympic site is mostly used in the media.

In recent German architectural history, the Olympic site is enjoying increasing recognition. The well-known Munich culture critic Gottfried Knapp described it in an article in the Süddeutsche Zeitung as "Germany's most important contribution to world building culture in the second half of the century," he writes:

“The Munich Olympic site is perceived all over the world as an architectural symbol of the intellectual freedom and cheerful openness that the Germans developed after the dictatorship and war. One could call the Olympic buildings the real landmark of the Federal Republic. "

The Olympic Park is under ensemble protection (E-1-62-000-70).

Transport links

The Olympiapark is well connected for individual traffic through the middle ring . The Olympic Village itself is traffic-calmed.

Olympiazentrum underground station (as of 2005)

In local public transport, the subway is doing the main development work with the Olympic line U3 and the Olympiazentrum stop . From the Münchner Freiheit stop it connects the Olympiapark with Schwabing and the city ​​center . Since October 28, 2007, the U3 has opened up further parts of the Olympic Park with the Oberwiesenfeld train stations at the northern end of the Olympic village and Olympic shopping center (OEZ). The U1 also begins and ends at the OEZ . In December 2010 the continuation of the U3 to Moosach was completed, where there is a connection to the S-Bahn line S1. A central stop for MVG bus lines has been set up at the Olympiazentrum underground station , which is no longer in use . The southern and western parts of the Olympic Park are also accessed by tram lines 12, 20, 21 and 27, which are mainly only of interest for the Tollwood Festival due to their distance to the northern part of the Olympic Park . During the summer tollwood, the so-called Ackermann loop is used ( Olympiapark Süd stop ).

Between 1972 and 1988 the Olympiastadion S-Bahn station still existed, and was used for major events. Currently (2015) the buildings and parts of the tracks of the former train station are still preserved, but are noticeably deteriorating.

The areas in detail

Olympic site

The Olympic site is located south of the Georg-Brauchle-Ring and north of the Olympic lake; It is the smallest area in terms of area in the entire Olympic Park area. It includes the following competition venues:

Olympic Stadium

Olympic Stadium Munich

The central stadium, built from 1968 to 1972, was designed by the architects Behnisch & Partner . Originally built for 80,000 spectators, over time the audience capacity was reduced to around 69,000 spectators by converting standing into seats.

It is considered to be the stadium in Germany with the most national and international competitions. After the end of the Olympic Games, the Olympic Stadium was mainly used for football matches. From 1972 to 2005, the Olympic Stadium was the home stadium of FC Bayern Munich and, in phases, of TSV 1860 Munich .

Since the Allianz Arena opened in 2005, almost only cultural events have taken place - such as the event concert “3 Orchester und Stars” shortly before the start of the 2006 World Cup.

In May 2015, the 50 millionth visitor visited the Olympic Stadium.

Olympia Hall

Olympic Hall , entrance area
Olympic lake , Olympic hall and Olympic swimming pool

The Olympiahalle, a sports and multi-purpose hall northeast of the Olympic Stadium, was also designed by the architects Behnisch & Partner . The capacity is 12,150 seats in the arena with seats or up to 14,000 seats in the arena without seats. In the post-Olympic use, in addition to sporting events, numerous shows and culture events took place here. During the Olympic Games in 1972 the gymnastics and handball competitions took place here. The hall measures its axes 200 m × 120 m. The highest height is 35 m.

Small Olympic Hall

Small event room at the Olympiahalle for up to 1000 seats, depending on the stage size, and a stage in the size 8 m × 12 m variable. In the course of the above-mentioned renovation work on the Olympic Hall, the old small Olympic Hall had to be dismantled. For this purpose, a new event arena was built underground at the foot of the Olympic Tower between Lillian-Board-Weg and Lutz-Long-Ufer according to the planning of the architects Auer + Weber + Assoziierte, which was completed in August 2011. The topping-out ceremony took place on October 8, 2010 after completion of the structural work. On an area of ​​2125 m² the new hall offers a capacity for events of up to 4000 (without seats) and 2000 (seated) spectators, whereby the capacity increases by 600 seats if the foyer area is shared. With a ceiling height of 8.72 m, the hall is also suitable for volleyball games . Due to the direct access to the large Olympic Hall, the hall can also be used as a service module for events there. In addition, another tunnel was completed for direct deliveries by truck for the large Olympic hall, the Olympic swimming pool and the small Olympic hall.

Olympic swimming pool

Olympic swimming pool (construction status May 2005)

During the 1972 Games, there was another temporary stand for 7,500 spectators on today's “garden side” instead of the large glass wall. Together with the stationary grandstands that still exist today, this resulted in a total audience capacity of 9,000. They tried in vain to win over the artist Andy Warhol to design the glass wall . The translucent (“ translucent ”) roof of the competition venue was provided with an opaque, suspended ceiling after the Olympics . From August 2005 to March 2006, as part of an extensive renovation of the swimming pool hall, new thermal insulation was installed, which again lets in a certain amount of daylight.

Today the Olympic swimming pool is a public swimming pool that is still used for national and international sporting events. In 1987 the only international swimming match between the Federal Republic and the GDR took place here. In addition to the main pool and a diving pool, the Olympic swimming pool also has a training pool for the Technical University , which is used for university sports. There is also a children's pool and a regeneration pool (whirlpool).

Olympic ice sports center

Olympic ice sports center

As the only pre-Olympic sports facility, the Olympic Ice Sports Center was built as an ice rink on Oberwiesenfeld according to plans by Rolf Schütze from 1965 and opened in 1967. In 1969 the ice rink was the venue for the table tennis world championships and was used for boxing events during the 1972 Olympic Games. To this end, it was expanded to accommodate 7,000 spectators and later dismantled. In 1983 the free ice rink was replaced by the ice skating tent, and finally the center was supplemented by a training hall in 1991, which was primarily designed as a training facility for figure skaters, but has also been used for public skating and short tracks since the ice skating tent was closed . In the ice rink, the main user for the sport of ice hockey is the EHC Munich team participating in the DEL , along with other teams . The Olympic ice sports center is one of the largest ice skating centers in Europe and, with a competitive ice surface of 60 m × 30 m, is the German center for figure skating and short track.

In the 2010/11 season, ice sports shared the hall with the FC Bayern basketball team , although considerable renovation work was necessary for the other form of use. A basketball court was placed on the ice in several layers. In addition, additional grandstands for 400 spectators each were set up at both ends. The standing room at both ends of the hall was hung with curtains. This led to a reduction in the capacity from over 6200 spectators to 3225 spectators.

The ice skating tent has been closed since the 2004/05 season and is currently being marketed as the SoccArena Olympiapark (indoor soccer).

Werner-von-Linde-Halle

Sports facilities and Olympic tower in the air

Located opposite the Olympic Stadium in a westerly direction, the Werner-von-Linde-Halle was used by athletes to warm up during the Olympic Games. It is therefore connected to the Olympic Stadium by a tunnel. After the Olympic Games, the Werner-von-Linde-Halle was still used as an athletics training hall, for regional athletics competitions and as an exhibition and congress hall. In 2006 the Olympic hall was converted into an athletics training hall for the Olympic base in Bavaria , which meets the current requirements . The hall was reopened on January 20, 2007.

Olympic tennis facility

Olympic cycling stadium

Between the park harp in the west and the warm-up area of ​​the Werner-von-Linde-Halle in the east, there is the Olympic tennis facility with 14 clay courts, which, however, was not built for popular sports until the mid-1970s.

Olympic cycling stadium

1970 to 1972, the Olympic cycling stadium was built according to plans by Herbert Schürmann , which had a 285.71 m long cycling track . At the end of the nineties it was converted into the Olympic Spirit adventure world , which was closed again after only a few months due to insufficient profitability. For about ten years the Olympic cycling stadium was marketed as an event arena for all kinds of events. The demolition took place in 2015.

Olympic Tower

SAP Garden

On the site of the Olympic cycling stadium, which was demolished in 2015, a multi-purpose hall designed by the Danish architecture firm 3XN is to be built by the second half of 2022. The new home arena of the ice hockey team EHC Red Bull Munich ( DEL ) is to cost 150 million euros, financed by Red Bull GmbH , and offer space for up to 11,500 spectators. The basketball players of FC Bayern Munich ( BBL ) will also play home games here as permanent tenants. The German software manufacturer SAP is the hall's name sponsor

Olympic Tower

On the Oberwiesenfeld, the Olympic Tower was built from 1965 to 1968 according to plans by Sebastian Rosenthal in cooperation with the Deutsche Bundespost by the building department of the City of Munich. The television tower , which has been 291.28 meters high since 2005 , is pre-Olympic and subsequently became the landmark of the Olympic Park. (Technical) optimism and freedom of the press are to be symbolized by the tower, which underlines the concept of the games, which are based on the ideals of democracy. The Rockmuseum Munich is located in the Olympic Tower at a height of 200 meters .

Olympic Village

The Olympic Village as seen from the Olympic Tower

The Olympic Village in Munich was created on the occasion of the XX. 1972 Olympic Games to accommodate the athletes. It was designed by the architects Behnisch & Partner (location and spatial planning) and Heinle, Wischer und Partner (buildings and facilities). Today it is a popular residential area in Munich with over 6000 residents in around 3500 residential units. The tallest building is the Olympia Tower at 88 meters . The Nadisee is centrally located .

Olympic press city

View from the ghost station Munich Olympiastadion on the press city

The Olympia-Pressestadt is located to the west of the entire Olympiapark area between the Munich Olympiastadion / Landshuter Allee railway station in the east, Moosacher Strasse in the north and Hanauer Strasse in the west. During the Olympic Games, it temporarily served as accommodation for around 4,000 journalists . The center was the building at Riesstrasse 50. Until 1999, the building was home to the vocational training center for electrical engineering, after which it was demolished.

Today, the Riesstrasse vocational school center of the state capital of Munich is located on the site with the vocational schools for taxes, information technology, office communication and industrial management, retail and media design, which was completed in 2006.

The building at Riesstrasse 82 , which was also built for the games, is 83 meters high and is currently the 12th tallest building in the city .

Today around 1,800 people live in the press city.

Olympic Park

View of the Olympic Park

The Olympic Park to the south of the Olympic site has a special position in several respects. The architect Günther Behnisch had the idea of ​​converting the sports facilities with the lake and adjacent hills into an “Olympic landscape”. The concept of this “Olympic Games in the Green” meant that the architecture of the buildings was determined from the point of view of the green spaces. To support the merging of the buildings with the Olympic Park, for example, the seats in the Olympic Stadium were designed in green.

At the same time, the Olympic Park marks a major turning point in Munich gardening art. The leading Kassel landscape architect Günther Grzimek placed the Olympic Park in the context of the social upheaval of the 1960s. The motto of “taking possession of the lawn” expresses the appropriation by the population as an emancipatory process. The park becomes a place of social freedom. With this, Grzimek is also orienting himself towards the ideal of democracy.

Instead of free space for the privileged, Grzimek wanted to implement the optimal green supply for everyone, while at the same time placing demands on design and ecology. The focus should be on the usability of urban open spaces, and not an abstract idea. This still existed: The Olympic Park was supposed to connect the city and the surrounding area with the Olympic buildings. The Olympiaberg does this job.

With 160 hectares, the Olympiapark is one of the largest green spaces in Munich.

Olympic mountain in winter
Olympiaberg and Olympiasee in summer

Olympic mountain

The at the beginning of the installation of the Olympic Park up to 56 meters high Olympiaberg 1947 to 1958 as a pile of rubble created and is commonly referred to simply as rubble (or "Big pile of rubble" in comparison to the small mountain of rubble in Luitpold Park), respectively. Raised and rounded off by the overburden of the "Olympialinie" U3 , it is now one of the highest elevations in Munich with a relative height of 60 m and 565.1 m above sea level. There are also two memorials to the civilian aerial warfare victims of World War II : a crucifix erected in 1960 southeast below the summit and the " Rubble Flower " memorial erected in 1972 . The simple aluminum cross on the summit is a popular meeting and viewing point on the mountain. Since 2011, a city ​​event ( parallel slalom ) has been held on the Olympiaberg at the beginning of the year as part of the Alpine Ski World Cup , and since 2014 the Olympia-Alm cross-country run . The Olympiaalm, Munich's highest beer garden, is located on the Olympiaberg.

Olympic lake

The 8.6-hectare Olympic lake is often divided into “Small Olympic Lake” (western part, 1.4 hectares) and “Large Olympic lake” (eastern part, 7.0 hectares). The boundary is roughly marked by the bridge of the Spiridon-Louis-Ring over the lake. 30 meters above the bridge is the 0.2 hectare bird island in the small Olympic lake. The Olympic lake is an extension of the Nymphenburg-Biederstein Canal and has a length of 1120 meters and a maximum width of 223 meters. The water volume is 110,000 m³. The lake is on average 1.3 meters deep, a maximum of 1.4 meters, a minimum of 0.8 meters. The lake is fed by the water that is collected from the roofs by pipes when it rains and by the Nymphenburg-Biederstein Canal that flows through it. The water flows from the direction of Nymphenburg Palace . The lake is necessary to absorb the enormous water masses of the sealed surfaces during heavy rain. A weir can dam the lake if necessary and then feed the water masses into the canal in a controlled manner in order to avoid flooding.

In addition, the Olympic lake makes a significant contribution to the fact that the entire Olympic Park has developed into an important stopover for migratory birds on their migrations.

Seebühne and Theatron

Theatron and floating stage

In the lake, as it were, as a peninsula below the quarter-round theatron west of the swimming pool is the floating stage, which has recently been referred to as the “small floating stage”. It has a diameter of 20 m and an area of ​​280 m². There is space for 5,000 visitors on the concrete steps and the adjacent green slopes. The stage was used in 1972 for the cultural program accompanying the games. Fashion shows, serenades as well as dance and theater were presented here. The original plan of permanent use as a theater stage had already been rejected in 1969.

After the games, the stage was mainly used for the Theatron events from 1973 until today . Also in 1973 eleven free groups and individual actors gathered here for the “Volkstheater-Front”.

Carillon

The carillon built in 1972 on Coubertinplatz was one of five carillons in Bavaria . It was dismantled and stored in 2007.

Munich Olympic Walk of Stars

Handprint Lionel Richie (2004)

Since 2003, public figures have been immortalized on the 400 m long Munich Olympic Walk of Stars (MOWOS), a path at the foot of the Olympic Tower. As at Grauman's Chinese Theater on the Walk of Fame in Los Angeles , the personalities selected in advance by a committee leave their handprints and can draw personal messages in the fresh cement. After drying, the 90 × 90 cm large cement panels are secured against weather damage and contamination with a special paint. The director and film producer Alexander Ganser had the basic idea for this permanent campaign .

Whoever has celebrated successes in the Olympic Park or has rendered outstanding services to the Olympic Park is immortalized. On May 21, 2003 the Munich Olympic Walk of Stars was officially opened with Howard Carpendale's first handprint . Well-known personalities such as Tom Jones , the Dalai Lama , Liza Minnelli , Elton John , BB King , Anastacia , Snoop Dogg and The Undertaker have left their messages there since then . The committee also invites music groups to immortalize themselves. In the past this included groups like Bon Jovi , Metallica , Genesis , Die Toten Hosen , Aerosmith , REM and Kiss .

Access is via Willi-Daume-Platz , named after the entrepreneur, athlete and sports official Willi Daume .

Russian Orthodox Chapel

The Russian Orthodox Chapel East-West Peace Church , which former Lord Mayor Christian Ude described as “Munich's most lovable black building”, dates back to pre-Olympic times . The Soviet émigré Timofei Wassiljewitsch Prokhorov built the chapel in 1952 on the foundations of a former flak position without building permission. Although the chapel is no longer in the entire Olympic Park area, it is counted as part of the Olympic Park in everyday usage, as the chapel can only be reached via it.

Sea life

In the spring of 2006, Sea Life Munich was opened in the Olympic Park . It depicts life in the Isar and the Danube as far as the Black Sea and the Mediterranean.

Tent roof construction

Olympic Hall and Olympic Swimming Pool from above
Tent roof details in front of the Olympic tower

The tent roof construction by architects from Behnisch & Partner as well as Frei Otto , Fritz Leonhardt , Wolfhardt Andrä and Jörg Schlaich is characteristic of the Olympiapark and was considered a visual and static sensation at the time of its construction. The 74,800 m² structure, suspended on 58 steel masts and made of translucent Plexiglas , spans the Olympic Stadium, the Olympic Hall and the Olympic Swimming Pool. The very light-looking tent roof construction symbolizes the fleeting and changeable in our world.

The architectural office Behnisch & Partner in Stuttgart with Fritz Auer and Jürgen Joedicke and the Swiss engineer Heinz Isler won the ideas competition for the Munich Olympic site in 1967. The main reason for the victory was a transparent, unusual and innovative tent roof, although the feasibility was unclear. The model for the design was the tent roof for the German Pavilion at the 1967 World Exhibition in Montreal , which was built according to plans by Frei Otto .

Tent roof construction

After winning the competition, Günter Behnisch brought Frei Otto into the team as a form-finding consultant. In addition, in order to be able to cope with the demanding task, the structural engineer Jörg Schlaich and other Fritz Leonhardt employees , such as Rudolf Bergermann, Knut Gabriel and Ulrich Otto, were involved in the construction, calculation, implementation planning and construction supervision.

Originally the construction was supposed to be dismantled after the Olympic Games. The echo of the world press, which saw the character of the “easy games” best reflected here, prevented dismantling. At the end of the 1990s, the tent roof was completely renovated. Since then, the old, translucent impression has been there again.

The area above the Olympic Stadium can be climbed as part of guided tours in the summer months.

Further surroundings

BMW world
Lerchenauer See

There are several Bundeswehr facilities on the western edge of the Olympic Park, including the Medical Office , the Bundeswehr Career Center in Munich and the Bundeswehr Service Center in Munich.

The overall architectural ensemble includes the BMW high-rise and the BMW Museum , which were built according to plans by Karl Schwanzer , and the BMW World , which opened in 2007 . However, they are outside the Olympic Park. The BMW Group Classic Museum is located north of the Olympic Park .

In 1972 the Olympic shopping center was opened west of the park .

In the west lies the aisle at the former Munich Olympiastadion station , in the northwest lies Lerchenauer See .

and display information about the image
Panorama of the city of Munich as seen from the Olympic tower

Regular events (without concerts)

Public viewing at the Fanfest (June 11, 2006)
24h mountain bike race in the Olympic Park
The summer festival at dusk seen from the Olympic Tower
Musical fireworks at the Munich Midsummer Night's Dream 2018
Red Bull Crashed Ice 2010
Spartan Race 2016
Boats at the Munich outdoor sports festival

The Olympic Park is one of the most important national and international event locations and is the world's best-used Olympic site: around four million registered visitors attend around 350 events every year.

Olympia Hall

Olympic ice hall

  • EHC Red Bull Munich ( DEL ) (since 2010/11)
  • EHC Munich e. V. Ice hockey youth games in various leagues (BEV game operations)
  • Munich EK ice hockey amateur game operation (BEV game operation)

Olympic swimming pool

Theatron Festival

Open-air concert series have been performed on the small floating stage in the summer since the early 1970s , initially also as Theatron Rocksommer and since 1996 known as Theatron MusikSommer . Since 2000, the series of events has been supplemented with the three-day Theatron Whitsun Festival .

Others

Public facilities

Memorial site of the Olympic assassination attempt
Memorial to the victims of the 1972 Olympic attack
Rudolf Belling's “flower motif ” ( rubble flower ) as a memorial for the civilian air war victims.

education and Science

Healthcare

Sports

Monuments and memorials

Trivia

Future use

Planned as part of the application for the 2022 Winter Games

Munich may have wanted to apply for the 2022 Winter Games after the 2018 Winter Games , but this was also rejected in Munich by the referendum on November 10, 2013. The Olympic site would have experienced a renaissance if Munich were awarded the contract and would have been expanded to include additional facilities and areas. According to the present draft, the Olympic village to be built in Munich should have been built on an area of ​​23 hectares between Dachauer Strasse and Olympiaberg on the site of today's Bundeswehr administration center.

Venues

  • On the ZHS site - north of the Petruelring - as planned for 2018 - a new hall for the speed skating events should have been built on the western part of the ZHS , the further use of which was not intended after the Winter Games, as was the case with the 2018 application, and should be dismantled .
The reason for this is the redesign of the ZHS site, within the framework of which the responsible state building commission classified continued use by the students as not possible.
  • If Red Bull, as the owner of EHC Red Bull München GmbH, had not built its own new hall, it would be - as in the application for 2018 - instead of the former bike stadium (today's "Event Arena") that the Construction of a new multi- purpose hall was planned, which was to be used as one of the two venues for ice hockey .
According to the initial planning, regardless of the applications, the Munich city council should take a decision on the construction of a new multifunctional hall as early as 2009, which should be suitable for sports, music, theater and congresses.
As part of the application for 2018, it became known that the installation of two ice rinks on top of each other was planned in the hall. With a successful application for the 2018 Winter Games, the hall should have been completed in 2014.
The planning for this construction project should continue regardless of the success of the application.
  • As a second venue for ice hockey - here for women's ice hockey - a new building was planned in the application for 2018 instead of the Olympic ice sports center on the area of ​​the Olympic ice rink and the training hall.
With a successful application for 2018, the time frame for the construction was 2014 to 2017. For the 2022 application, either the refurbishment of the ice sports center or a new building was planned.
  • In addition to these new halls, the application for 2018
    • for the figure skating and short track events the Olympic Hall ,
    • for the curling events the Olympic swimming pool - to be converted - and
    • the Olympic Stadium will be used for the opening and closing ceremonies .
  • In the concept for the application for 2022, the Olympic Stadium would also have been used for the aerial ski events .
  • On the Olympiaberg , which is listed in the biotope directory under number M115, in the concept for 2022 on the northern slope, where the slope for the FIS World Cup event was last located, a half-pipe for the ski and snowboard competitions would have from Summit to be built up to the lake. The Olympic lake should have been emptied and temporarily filled for the additional areas and structures required for this . This should be dismantled after the winter games.

Olympic and media village

View from the Olympiaberg to the late evening Tollwood Festival (2013)
  • For the Olympic village , which had been reduced to 3,500 beds, an area was planned for the 2018 application that would have included the northern part of the area used as the Bundeswehr administration center from Hedwig-Drangsfeld-Allee and the sub-area used by the Maria Montessori School. On the area to the east of the rain retention basin on Oberwiesenfeld (west of the Spiridon-Louis-Ring), the site of which is listed in the biotope directory under M115, and the area south of the rain retention basin, which is also used by the Tollwood Festival and the area of Russian Orthodox chapel, according to the drafts for 2018, the necessary infrastructure facilities for the Olympic Village such as the dining room, prayer and other common rooms, meeting areas and offices should be built.
For 2022, the construction of the village on a 23 hectare sub-area in the southern part of the federal administrative center was planned. More detailed information on the necessary infrastructure facilities was not included in the concept.
  • On an area north of Schwere-Reiter-Straße and south of Anita-Augspurg-Allee between Dachauer Straße and the tram turnaround loop , a media village was to be created in the application for 2018 only for the period of the games , in which half of the expected 3,000 media workers during the Winter Games should be accommodated.
For the construction of the media village, the buildings of the branch office of the veterinary faculty of the Ludwig Maximilians University were to be demolished. In the concept for 2022, the construction of the media village in addition to the media center , for which the exhibition center in Munich-Riem is to be used, was planned.

Regardless of the applications for the 2018 or 2022 Winter Games

A draft resolution was planned for October 2010 for the Munich City Council for basic considerations for changing the current use of the areas on the south-western edge of the Olympic Park. This affects the area of ​​the tram turning loop; the area used by the organizer “Das Schloss”; the area of ​​school and club sports, the area used by Sommertollwood including the Russian Orthodox Church of Peace , the area of ​​the rain retention basin at Oberwiesenfeld and the area used by a Montessori school . On the basis of the proposed resolution, negotiations for the areas belonging to the Free State of Bavaria are to be started. In the summer of 2013, the City of Munich took over the land still belonging to the Free State of Bavaria as part of an exchange deal, including the area used for the summer tollwood including the Russian Orthodox Church of Peace and the area for school and club sports - the former BBM stadium . On the corridor at the former train station Munich Olympic Stadium one is Hight Line -like Park connection and bicycle path toward Three Lakes planned. It is planned to expand the Olympic Park at Brundageplatz (on the site of the former Olympic bus station) as a green entrance by 6000 square meters.

See also

literature

sorted alphabetically by authors / editors

  • Nils Aschenbeck : Eighteen square meters of Germany: The student village on the Olympic site is being demolished in order to be rebuilt in its own image . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung of February 6, 2008, p. 35.
  • Klaus Gallas : Munich. From the Guelph foundation of Henry the Lion to the present: art, culture, history . DuMont, Cologne 1979, ISBN 3-7701-1094-3 (DuMont documents: DuMont art travel guide).
  • Matthias Hell: Munich '72. Olympic architecture then and now. Conversations with prominent contemporary witnesses and actors . MünchenVerlag, Munich 2012. ISBN 978-3-937090-63-4
  • Stefanie Hennecke, Regine Keller, Juliane Schneegans, Ed .: Democratic Green - Olympiapark Munich . JOVIS Verlag, Berlin 2013. ISBN 978-3-86859-230-6
  • Martin Mayer : Olympia Triumphans - sculpture, architecture, landscape . Callwey Verlag, Munich 1992.
  • Katrin Schulze: The park as a play area - on the game concept from 1972 for the Munich Olympic Park . In: Die Gartenkunst  28 (1/2016), pp. 127-136.
  • Helmuth Stahleder : From Allach to Zamilapark. Names and basic historical data on the history of Munich and its incorporated suburbs. Edited by Munich City Archives . Buchendorfer Verlag, Munich 2001, ISBN 3-934036-46-5 .
  • Strunz, Köhnlechner, Lottes: Civil engineering for the structures at the XX. Olympics Munich 1972 . Published by Olympia-Baugesellschaft mbH. Engelhard-Druck, Nördlingen (no year).

Web links

Commons : Olympiapark Munich  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://www.muenchen.de/aktuell/200-millionste-besucher-olympiapark.html
  2. ↑ The Olympic Park celebrates its 40th birthday , muenchen.de, article from August 20, 2012.
  3. ↑ a b Strunz, Köhnlechner, Lottes: Civil engineering for the structures at the XX games. Olympics Munich 1972. Published by Olympia-Baugesellschaft mbH. Engelhard-Druck, Nördlingen (no year). P. 7.
  4. ↑ Strunz, Köhnlechner, Lottes: Civil engineering for the buildings at the XX games. Olympics Munich 1972. Published by Olympia-Baugesellschaft mbH. Engelhard-Druck, Nördlingen (no year). P. 50.
  5. ↑ a b Otto Haas, Wolfgang Kösler (Red.): Official Olympic Leader of the Games of the XX. Olympiad Munich 1972. Organizing committee for the games of the XX. Olympiad Munich 1972. Atlas Verlag, Munich 1972. ISBN 3-920053-00-1 . P. 191.
  6. ↑ Carl Merz: For guidance. In: Strunz, Köhnlechner, Lottes: Civil engineering for the structures at the XX games. Olympics Munich 1972. Published by Olympia-Baugesellschaft mbH. Engelhard-Druck, Nördlingen (no year). P. 1.
  7. ↑ Strunz, Köhnlechner, Lottes: Civil engineering for the buildings at the XX games. Olympics Munich 1972. Published by Olympia-Baugesellschaft mbH. Engelhard-Druck, Nördlingen (no year). P. 18.
  8. ↑ a b Strunz, Köhnlechner, Lottes: Civil engineering for the structures at the XX games. Olympics Munich 1972. Published by Olympia-Baugesellschaft mbH. Engelhard-Druck, Nördlingen (no year). P. 116.
  9. ↑ Strunz, Köhnlechner, Lottes: Civil engineering for the buildings at the XX games. Olympics Munich 1972. Published by Olympia-Baugesellschaft mbH. Engelhard-Druck, Nördlingen (no year). P. 8.
  10. ↑ Strunz, Köhnlechner, Lottes: Civil engineering for the buildings at the XX games. Olympics Munich 1972. Published by Olympia-Baugesellschaft mbH. Engelhard-Druck, Nördlingen (no year). P. 13.
  11. ↑ Strunz, Köhnlechner, Lottes: Civil engineering for the buildings at the XX games. Olympics Munich 1972. Published by Olympia-Baugesellschaft mbH. Engelhard-Druck, Nördlingen (no year). P. 14.
  12. ↑ Strunz, Köhnlechner, Lottes: Civil engineering for the buildings at the XX games. Olympics Munich 1972. Published by Olympia-Baugesellschaft mbH. Engelhard-Druck, Nördlingen (no year). P. 17.
  13. ↑ Strunz, Köhnlechner, Lottes: Civil engineering for the buildings at the XX games. Olympics Munich 1972. Published by Olympia-Baugesellschaft mbH. Engelhard-Druck, Nördlingen (no year). P. 125.
  14. ↑ Strunz, Köhnlechner, Lottes: Civil engineering for the buildings at the XX games. Olympics Munich 1972. Published by Olympia-Baugesellschaft mbH. Engelhard-Druck, Nördlingen (no year). P. 126.
  15. ↑ Strunz, Köhnlechner, Lottes: Civil engineering for the buildings at the XX games. Olympics Munich 1972. Published by Olympia-Baugesellschaft mbH. Engelhard-Druck, Nördlingen (no year). P. 111.
  16. ^ Gottfried Knapp: Munich Landmarks, Architecture as Landscape. SZ.de, November 25, 2016, accessed on November 25, 2016 .
  17. ↑ http://www.geodaten.bayern.de/denkmal_static_data/externe_denkmalliste/pdf/denkmalliste_merge_162000.pdf
  18. ↑ http://www.muenchen.de/aktuell/50-millionen-besucher-olympiastadion.html
  19. ↑ Website architekten24.de
  20. ↑ "A lot of flexibility under a gently arched roof", Süddeutsche Zeitung print edition: 19./20. June 2010
  21. ^ Suit fits - undershirt is inadequate , interview with Günter Behnisch in Spiegel 40/1973 from October 1, 1973.
  22. ↑ 50-meter pool back in operation: renovation continues , press release from Olympiapark München GmbH dated September 9, 2005, accessed on May 21, 2013.
  23. ^ Reopening of the Olympic swimming pool , press release from Olympiapark München GmbH of March 10, 2006, accessed on May 21, 2013.
  24. ↑ Olympic swimming pool , project data on the website of Schlaich Bergermann und Partner , accessed on May 21, 2013.
  25. ^ Günter Behnisch and partners. In: arch INFORM .
  26. ↑ Living with History ( Memento from December 16, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
  27. ↑ http://www.muenchen.de/rathaus/Stadtverwaltung/Direktorium/Stadtarchiv/Publikationen/Von-Allach-bis-Zamilapark/Einleitung-Geschichte/Bezirk11.html
  28. ↑ http://lao.wzw.tum.de/index.php?id=215&L=1
  29. ↑ http://lao.wzw.tum.de/index.php?id=215&L=1
  30. ↑ Helga Pfoertner: Living with history. Vol. 2, Literareron, Munich 2003, ISBN 3-8316-1025-8 , pp. 200–201 ( PDF; 3.8 MB ( Memento from December 16, 2011 in the Internet Archive )).
  31. ↑ http://www.muenchen.de/aktuell/200-millionste-besucher-olympiapark.html
  32. ↑ The Theatron Man in Florian Kinast: It began with a women's stocking , Stiebner-Verlag, 2012, pp. 132 ff. ISBN 978-3-8307-1053-0 .
  33. ↑ A festival for the people , specifically. Monthly newspaper for politics and culture 29 of July 12, 1973, 41 ff.
  34. ^ Website of the Munich Olympic Walk of Stars with views of the individual panels.
  35. ↑ Howard Carpendale in cement ganz-muenchen.de
  36. ^ City buys enclave from "Father" Timofej , Münchner Merkur, August 20, 2004, accessed on June 13, 2013
  37. ↑ Christian Böhm: Since 1972: Munich creates something that other Olympic cities cannot. In: welt.de . April 17, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2018 .
  38. ↑ https://www.tz.de/muenchen/stadt/milbertshofen-am-hart-ort43344/vom-schandfleck-zur-beachvolleyball-anlage-auf-internationalem- level-8715181.html
  39. ↑ http://www.muenchenwiki.de/wiki/Rote_Stadt
  40. ↑ - ( Memento of the original from September 29, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.parkour.org
  41. ↑ https://calisthenics-parks.com/spots/4375-de-munchen-calisthenics-gerate-olympiapark-playparc
  42. ↑ From the Trimm-Dich-Path to Calisthenics Parks ( Memento from December 30, 2017 in the Internet Archive ), br.de from September 7, 2017
  43. ↑ https://www.muenchen.de/rathaus/Stadtverwaltung/baureferat/mse/Projekte/Sanierung-Hauptsammelkanal-Oberwiesenfeld-.html
  44. ↑ http://www.muenchen.de/leben/orte/1252298.html
  45. ↑ Tomorrow's Snow , sueddeutsche.de, December 7, 2007.
  46. ↑ DOSB supports Munich's Olympic bid , sueddeutsche.de, September 30, 2013.
  47. ↑ Citizens' decision on the application of the state capital Munich for the Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games 2022 ( Memento from November 10, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  48. ↑ a b c d e f g h "Winter's Tale 2022": This concept is to bring the Olympics to Munich , merkur-online.de, October 2, 2013.
  49. ↑ Report on the redesign of the ZHS site - source either print edition Süddeutsche Zeitung or Münchner Merkur in May 2011.
  50. ↑ Olympiaparkchef Huber - "We need a new hall"
  51. ↑ a b Forum on the website at the time - ( Memento of the original from January 8, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Statement by the sports director at the Munich Ice Hockey Club dated May 6, 2010, accessed on May 7, 2010 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.siebtermann.de
  52. ^ Report in the Süddeutsche Zeitung or in the Münchner Merkur after the decision in Durban about the non-allocation of the winter games.
  53. ^ Article in the Süddeutsche Zeitung and in the Münchner Merkur in connection with the planned move of the FC Bayern basketball players to the Olympic ice rink.
  54. ↑ Overview of the rain retention basins of the city of Munich
  55. ↑ a b Tollwood site becomes Olympic village - The new Olympic village , Süddeutsche Zeitung, February 2, 2010, accessed on May 7, 2010
  56. ↑ "Winter Games 2018: Olympic Village Takes Shape" , Münchner Merkur February 1, 2010, accessed on May 7, 2010
  57. ↑ Based on an article in the print edition of the Süddeutsche Zeitung, Munich section of September 2, 2010.
  58. ↑ City secures Timofey's legacy In: Hello Munich . June 5, 2013, accessed February 24, 2014 .
  59. ↑ http://www.abendzeitung-muenchen.de/inhalt.stadt-kauf-grundstuecke-radlweg-durch-den-alten-olympiabahnhof.4044f08b-0a46-4f18-8c9c-97c7b2488dbc.html
  60. ↑ http://www.muenchen.de/rathaus/dms/Home/Stadtverwaltung/Referat-fuer-Stadtplanung-und-Bauordnung/Projekte/Rahmenplanung-Olympiapark/rahmenplanung_olympiapark.pdf
  61. ↑ http://www.tz.de/muenchen/stadt/milbertshofen-am-hart-ort43344/das-hat-muenchen-mit-olympia-busbahnhof-vor-acht-jahre-gammelte-ruine-milbertshofen-5556603.html
  62. ↑ Nicole Graner: Green solution. In: sueddeutsche.de . September 23, 2015, accessed October 13, 2018 .
Olympic ringsCompetition venues for the 1972 Summer Olympics
Olympic Park

athleticsSoccerShow jumping Olympic Stadium  • Boxing hall  • Hockey facility in the Olympic Park  • Olympic Hall  • Olympic cycling stadium  • Olympic swimming pool  • Volleyball hall in the Olympic ParkBoxing Field hockey Handballdo gymnastics Track cycling swimDivingWater poloModern pentathlon Volleyball (hall)

Munich

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Bavaria

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Baden-Württemberg

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Coordinates: 48 ° 10 ′ 12 ″  N , 11 ° 33 ′ 6 ″  E