Nissan Leaf

Nissan Leaf
Production period:	since 2010
Class :	Compact class
Body versions :	Station wagon

The Nissan Leaf ( English for "leaf" ; LEAF also interpreted as the backronym Leading Environmentally-friendly Affordable Family car ) is an electric car from the Japanese car manufacturer Nissan , which was presented to the public in Yokohama in August 2009 and has been on sale since December 2010. The Leaf is the first mass-produced electric car that was designed for this drive from the start. It is available in 51 countries and  450,000 have been built so far (as of January 2020). The Leaf was thus the world's best-selling electric vehicle until the end of 2019. The vehicle is also produced in the US and the UK and was manufactured and marketed in China as the Venucia e30 from 2015-2018 .

In 2017 (  80,000 units) and 2018 (40  699 units) it was the best-selling electric vehicle in Europe.

The main sales markets are the United States with over 114,000 units  and Japan with  85,201 units. In Europe, Norway (  22,743) and Great Britain (  22,299) are the leading markets for the Leaf (as of December 2017). In Germany, only  2,380 new cars were registered in 2018 (as of December 2018).

Leaf (ZE0, 2010-2017)

1st generation
Production period:	2010-2017
Body versions :	Station wagon
Engines:	Electric motor : 80 kW
Length:	4445 mm
Width:	1770 mm
Height:	1550 mm
Wheelbase :	2700 mm
Empty weight :	1520 kg

Stars in the Euro NCAP - Crash Test

Rear view

prehistory

The electric car has a long tradition in Nissan history. This tradition has its origins in a forerunner company of the manufacturer Prince , which was bought by Nissan , which developed an electrically powered small car called the Tama in 1947 due to the petrol shortage after the Second World War and added two more electric car models in 1948. After the fuel supply stabilized again at the beginning of the 1950s, production of these vehicles was discontinued.

From 1970 onwards, Nissan presented a number of electrically powered concept vehicles until it came to a cooperation with Sony in the early 1990s . The aim was to make the electric car ready for (small) series production and three years later led to the Prairie EV , a van based on the Prairie series model and converted to electric drive. There was a world premiere on board: innovative lithium-ion batteries served as an energy source; Up until this point in time, nickel-metal hydride batteries were mainly used for use in electrically powered vehicles . Around 30 copies were made of the Prairie EV. In 1997, 200 electric copies of the middle-class station wagon R'nessa EV were made, which was also a converted production model. The next step followed in 1999 with the small series production of the two-seater Hypermini , which was designed from the outset as a purely electric car.

In the period that followed, research into battery technology was advanced and, in collaboration with NEC , it was possible to manufacture the Li-Ion batteries in a new design. A compact laminated type was developed that could store twice the amount of energy with the same size and replaced the cylindrical shape previously used. The very rapid development of batteries is thanks to electrical devices and especially the cell phone boom, as ever smaller devices with longer runtimes were required. The experience gained from this was also applied to the automotive industry and flowed into concept vehicles such as the Pivo (2005) and Pivo 2 (2007), the Mixim (2007) and the Nuvu (2008), which are new technology carriers for the electric drive opened construction possibilities were used. In 2009, the series model Leaf was finally presented.

Life cycle assessment

According to the Automotive Science Group , the Nissan Leaf is the car with the best overall ecological, social and economic record of all 1,400 vehicles available in North America. The Leaf is also the car with the best CO ₂ balance based on a life cycle analysis .

General

The lithium-ion battery pack under the vehicle floor

The Nissan Leaf is designed as a compact class vehicle and offers five seats and a trunk volume of 355 to 370 liters (330 liters up to 2013). The loading sill is 72 cm high. The large amount of space was realized by accommodating the batteries in the vehicle floor. This procedure also enabled the vehicle's center of gravity to be kept low.

Range and consumption

Nissan indicates the possible range with the batteries used so far (24 kWh) at around 160 km. Nissan points out that the range depends on many factors such as outside temperature and the condition of the road. The respective remaining distance is continuously updated and displayed in the navigation system together with the nearest charging stations in the area . The range can be easily extended with the eco mode. If this is activated, the energy requirements of the heating / air conditioning system and other consumers are reduced, while the characteristic curve of the accelerator pedal changes, so that the vehicle accelerates more gently.

The Nissan Leaf has also been extensively tested under winter temperatures. Battery heating is available for particularly cold countries in order to keep the drive battery in the minimum permitted temperature range. There is no active cooling of the battery, which has a negative effect on the aging of the battery in extreme heat.

The Leaf has a regenerative braking system . The electric motor is used as a generator, which slows the vehicle down by means of the resistance created during the production of electricity. The kinetic energy that would be converted into frictional heat in conventional hydraulic-mechanical brake systems is here - partially - converted into electrical energy and fed to the drive battery. Recuperation takes place both when the accelerator pedal is released and when the brake pedal is pressed moderately. When braking harder, the deceleration is taken over by a conventional hydraulic brake. With a suitable driving style, the consumption depends primarily on air and rolling resistance.

A small solar module on the rear spoiler, which is not installed as standard in every equipment variant, feeds energy for the on-board electronics into the 12-volt on-board battery, independently of the high-current network of the drive battery, which is otherwise charged cyclically by the drive battery.

In an ADAC test on a specified route in South Tyrol , the Leafs tested consumed an average of 17.4 kWh per 100 km, which corresponds to 1.95 liters of petrol.

In everyday operation with city / country trips and speeds of up to 100 km / h, consumption levels below 12 kWh / 100 km can be achieved.

The "Monroney sticker" with the consumption values ​​and costs of the 2011 Nissan Leaf

In the USA, the fuel consumption per 100 km is not given, but the range in miles per US gallon (approx. 3.8 liters) of petrol consumed. The Environmental Protection Agency uses an energy equivalent of 33.7 kWh per gallon (8.90 kWh / l) for electric vehicles and calls the reference value “miles per gallon gasoline equivalent (mpge)” instead of mpg (miles per gallon) . The “Monroney sticker” on the windshield, which is mandatory for new cars, shows a range of 106 mpg (2.22 l / 100 km) in the city, 92 mpg (2.55 l / 100 km) on highways and 99 mpg (2nd , 37 l / 100 km) combined.

As a special service, Nissan offers to tow the vehicle in the first year, even if it breaks down due to empty batteries.

Noise generation

The engine compartment of the Leaf

Nissan's proprietary Approaching Vehicle Sound for Pedestrians (AVSP) system is used to warn pedestrians about the almost silent vehicle . This serves to avoid accidents and, depending on the speed of the Leaf, generates a noise that also changes when you accelerate and slow down. It is active up to a speed of 30 km / h and when the speed is reduced below 25 km / h. An acoustic warning is also given when the engine is started or when reversing to alert bystanders to the movement of the vehicle. The noise is generated by a loudspeaker in the engine compartment and can only be switched off temporarily by the driver, because the system is active again after each restart.

technology

Motor and drive battery

The following parts of this section seem since 2014 is out of date to be : Please renew key figures!
Please help to research and insert the missing information .

One serving as a driving AC - synchronous motor , the maximum torque of 254 Nm, unlike internal combustion engines, is already in the booth. The engine has a maximum output of 80 kW (109 hp). A drive battery composed of 48 modules with a nominal voltage of 360 V serves as the energy source . The lithium-ion batteries were developed by Automotive Energy Supply (AESC) , a joint venture between Nissan and NEC . They store up to 24 kWh of energy (nominal capacity), of which a small part cannot be used while driving in order to increase durability. A version with a nominal capacity of 30 kWh and a correspondingly increased range has also been available since autumn 2015.

Since 2012, Nissan has been offering an "EV Power Station" in Japan with which the car can not only be charged more quickly, but can also feed energy from the drive battery back into the home network. This form of storage usage can be classified in the Vehicle to Grid concept .

For batteries with 30 kWh capacity, Nissan gives 8 years or up to 160,000 km and for batteries with 24 kWh capacity 5 years or up to 100,000 km that the capacity of the lithium-ion battery does not fall below 9 (of 12) capacity bars decreases according to the leaf capacity display. Both Leaf versions have a general manufacturer's guarantee for 3 years or up to 100,000 km and 5 years or 100,000 km on electrical vehicle-specific components.

Load capacity

Charging connectors on the Leaf

Charging cable Mennekes type 2, with the Nissan Leaf a maximum of 6.6 kW charging power

Charging cable for 230 V Schuko with ICCB control unit, maximum 2.3 kW charging power

CHAdeMO charging plug for direct current fast charging with typically 50 kW charging power

On the front under the company logo there are two charging connections:

• Five-pole type 1 charging connector for single-phase charging with alternating current. In Europe, a charging cable with a Mennekes type 2 plug can be used for charging on 230 V AC single-phase with 16 A (3.3 kW) or optionally with 32 A (6.6 kW) for the 2014 Leaf or an ICCB - 230 volt AC charging cable with a maximum of 10 A (2.3 kW) can be used with (at the household socket ).
• CHAdeMO DC connection for fast charging with typically 50 kW, with which a charge level of 80% is reached in 20-30 minutes.

With the "Type 1 charging connection" on the car side, the Nissan Leaf can be charged in one phase at 230 V, 16 A ("luminous flux"). A charging time of eight hours is specified for the charging cable with type 2 connection and IEC charging mode 3 at a charging station or wall charging station . Due to the controllability of the charging power of the on-board charger via the control signal, tracking charging from fluctuating energy sources (for example excess charging from photovoltaics ) is possible. The charging time then depends on the energy available from the source.

It can also be charged using standard household sockets in accordance with IEC charging mode 1 . However, since the Schuko plug system common in Germany is not reverse polarity protected, the correct connection is ensured here with an ICCB control unit in the special charging cable and the charging power is limited. For the German market, the charging power is limited to 2.3 kW (10 A), for the Swiss market to 1.8 kW (8 A). However, this increases the required charging time to around 10 (Germany) or 13 (Switzerland) hours.

The (direct current) fast charging from empty to 80% of the capacity at DC charging stations of the CHAdeMO standard takes only 30 minutes. In order to be able to cover large distances with the Leaf, Nissan wants to create a sufficient infrastructure of charging stations in every country in cooperation with energy companies. In Germany, RWE is involved , who founded a partnership with Renault and Nissan to expand the public network of charging stations and, above all, set up or install charging columns and wall charging stations with 11 kW / 22 kW charging power and Mennekes connection . Fast charging stations according to the CHAdeMO standard are currently being installed at Nissan dealers.

gallery

• 

  Optional solar panel on the rear spoiler

• 

  The Leaf's charging station

• 

  Dashboard of the Nissan Leaf

• 

  Display on the dashboard

• 

  Selection touchscreen in the center console

Model maintenance

2013

Nissan Leaf (2013-2015)

In mid-2013, Nissan introduced the second generation, with over 100 small improvements made. Little has changed in terms of design: an interior available in black and leather in the “Tekna” version. The range has increased slightly to an NEDC value of 199 km (previously 175 km). Depending on driving style and weather, 120 to 160 km are realistic in everyday life. The most significant improvements in the second generation are the more powerful recuperation ("B mode") and the heat pump heating, which only requires 0.3 to 0.6 kW instead of the 1.7 kW in the predecessor.

Three new equipment variants were offered (Visia, Acenta, Tekna). The second generation now also gives the buyer the choice of renting the battery (from € 79 / month battery rental depending on the mileage, vehicle price from € 23,790). Small improvements include, for example, a charging port illuminated with LED lamps, a cable lock and an enlarged trunk. The weight could also be reduced.

2015

The Leaf has been available with two different batteries since September 2015. In addition to the conventional 24 kWh battery in the basic version, a 30 kWh battery is integrated in the higher equipment variants. This increases the range of the Leafs from 135 to 172 km (according to the US test cycle). The new battery is based on a modified cell chemistry with a higher energy density . The design and volume of the battery remain unchanged, but the weight increases by around 21 kg.

Production at Nissan Motor Manufacturing (UK) in Sunderland is also being converted for the European market . From January 2016, the Acenta and Tekna equipment variants will optionally have a 30 kWh battery installed, while the Visia equipment variant will continue to have a 24 kWh battery. The range according to the NEDC cycle increases by 26% from 199 km to 250 km. Further changes of the model year 2016 are:

• the capacity guarantee of the Acenta and Tekna equipment (30 kWh) is increased to 160,000 km or 8 years,
• the infotainment system NissanConnect EV receives new software with real-time information on the status of charging stations,
• there is a digital radio receiver,
• the new shade "bronze" is available.

Leaf (ZE1, since 2017)

2nd generation
Nissan Leaf ZE1
Production period:	since 2017
Body versions :	Station wagon
Engines:	Electric motor : 110-160 kW
Length:	4490 mm
Width:	1788 mm
Height:	1530-1540 mm
Wheelbase :	2700 mm
Empty weight :	1580-1640 kg

Stars in the Euro NCAP - Crash Test

Rear view

inside view

Engine compartment

On September 6, 2017, Nissan presented the second generation of the Leaf. It has been available for order in Europe since October 2017 and has been delivered since January 2018.

According to the company, the price in 2018 in Germany was around 32,000 euros.

technology

With an output of 110 kW (150 PS), the second-generation Leaf is more powerfully motorized than its predecessor. However, the top speed is again limited to 144 km / h. Acceleration to 100 km / h now takes 7.9 seconds. New functions include the ProPILOT Park parking function , semi-autonomous driving on the autobahn or one-pedal driving, in which the brake has to be used less often because self-braking has been increased through recuperation. There is still no active thermal management of the battery.

An E-Plus version with a 160 kW (218 PS) electric motor has been available since the beginning of 2019, which should enable a range of up to 385 km with a capacity of 62 kWh. In Europe this version is limited to 5000 units. It was presented at the Consumer Electronics Show 2019 in Las Vegas .

Charging technology

Like its predecessor, the second generation Leaf has two charging connections:

• CHAdeMO for direct current charging with up to 50 kW.
• IEC 62196 Type 2 (in the European variant) for single-phase charging with up to 6.6 kW.

The CHAdeMO connection is bidirectional, so the Nissan Leaf can also feed electricity back into the grid using a suitable charging station ( vehicle to grid ). In October 2018, the Nissan Leaf was the first car in Germany to receive approval for feeding primary control power back into the power grid.

Range

Due to the higher battery capacity (40 kWh), the electric range according to the NEDC increases to 378 km. The range according to urban WLTP is 415 km and 270 km according to combined WLTP.

Leaf Nismo Concept

Nissan Leaf Nismo Concept at the 2017 Tokyo Motor Show

In autumn 2017, Nissan presented the Leaf Nismo Concept at the Tokyo Motor Show . This version of the Leaf, revised by Nissan motorsport department Nismo , has been upgraded with color accents and sporty add-on parts. Technically, the Leaf Nismo Concept remains unchanged. In January 2020, an all-wheel drive version of the Nismo with an output of 322  hp (converted to 240  kW ) and 690  Nm of torque was presented, which is supposed to sprint 1-100  km / h in 3.4 seconds and would therefore be faster than a Porsche Taycan 4S .

Technical specifications

	Leaf ZE0, 24 kWh	Leaf ZE0, 30 kWh	Leaf ZE1, 40 kWh	Leaf ZE1, 62 kWh
production	Dec 2010 - Dec 2017	Oct. 2015 - Dec. 2017	since Jan. 2018	since Jan. 2019
Motor type	AC - synchronous motor
Drive type	Front wheel drive
Battery type	laminated lithium-ion battery
Battery capacity	24 kWh	30 kWh	40 kWh	62 kWh
Range	200 km (Japanese cycle)		270 km (WLTP)	385 km (WLTP)
Consumption per 100 km	15.0 kWh (Japanese cycle)		17.0 kWh (UN / ECE 101)	18.0 kWh (combined)
Engine power	80 kW (109 hp) of 3008 to 10,000 min -1		110 kW (150 hp) at 3283 to 9795 min -1	160 kW (218 hp) at 4600 to 5800 min -1
Max. Torque	254 Nm from 0-3008 min -1		320 Nm from 0 to 3283 min -1	340 Nm from 500 to 4,000 min -1
Acceleration, 0-100 km / h	11.5 s		7.9 s	6.9-7.3 s
Max. speed	144 km / h (regulated)			157 km / h (governed)
Empty weight	1520 kg		1580-1640 kg
Dimensions	4445 mm × 1770 mm × 1550 mm		4490 mm × 1790 mm × 1540 mm
wheelbase	2700 mm
Front / rear track	1540/1535 mm		1530/1540 mm

Production sites

On October 22, 2010, production of the Leaf started at the main Oppama plant in Yokosuka . Production started in the first quarter of 2013 at two other plants in the USA and Great Britain. The total annual production output is a maximum of 250,000 units. As of 2015, another 50,000 units per year in China were possible in Guangdong. There they were then marketed under the name Venucia e30 until 2018 .

country	Location	Start of production	Vehicle production per year	Battery production per year
Japan	Yokosuka	October 2010	50,000 units	90,000 units
United States	Smyrna (Tennessee)	January 2013	150,000 units	200,000 units
England	Nissan Motor Manufacturing (UK)	March 2013	50,000 units	60,000 units

The production sites are currently no longer being used to capacity. In 2019, 69,873 Leaf were produced worldwide.

Market development

Shipments began on December 11, 2010 in the United States and December 20 in Japan . In 2011, further sales began initially in countries where electric cars are subsidized by the state. These include Portugal in January, Ireland in February, Great Britain in March and the Netherlands in June. Nissan announced the market launch of the Leaf in Germany for April 2012 at a price of 36,990 euros - since February 2015 the price has fallen to 29,690 euros. Worldwide sales, including in Germany, began in 2012. The first three Leafs in Germany have been on the road as part of the juwi electric vehicle fleet in Wörrstadt since May 2011 .

New registrations / sales figures

By March 2019, over 400,000 vehicles had been delivered worldwide. The following table provides an overview of the new registrations and sales figures in the leading markets since its introduction.

country	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017 1	2018	2019	total	swell
United States	19th	9,674	9,819	22,610	30,200	17,269	14,066	11,128	14,715		119,681
Japan	19th	10,310	11,115	13,021	14,177	9,057	14,795	12,707	25,722		110.923
Norway		381	2,298	4,604	4,781	3,189	4.162	3,328	12.303	6.127	41,173
United Kingdom		635	699	1,800	4,051	5,236	4,580	5,298			22,299
France		83	524	1,438	1,604	2,220	3,887	2.165	4,668	3,740	20,329
Canada		170	240	470	1,085	1,233	1,375	940			5,513
Germany		21st	451	855	812	948	1,121	841	2,380	2,620	10,049
Sweden			129	317	438	841	836	981	1,831	1,541	6,914
Netherlands		294	265	462	510	560	666	506	3,370	3,800	13,696
Spain		59	154	263	465	344	519	457	1,264	1,510	5,035
Italy		5	146	323	336	389	462	403			2,064
Austria		3	64	88	121	156	333	369	982		2.116
Switzerland and Liechtenstein		39	74	178	106	145	158	127		530	1,357
Total 2	38	21,674	25,978	46,429	58,750	40,568	46,963	39,187			361.149

¹ The 2017 total relates to October / November figures for 2017 and will be adjusted to the total figures in January 2018.

²The total results from the addition of the listed new registrations or sales figures. It is not the number of all vehicles registered or sold worldwide.

Awards and milestones

• In November 2010, the Leaf was voted European Car of the Year as the first electric vehicle in the history of the competition .
• 10 Best Engines 2011: The American auto magazine Ward's Auto World selected the ten best engines of the year. With the drive system of the Leaf, a system without a combustion engine was awarded for the first time.
• In April 2011, the Leaf received the 2011 World Car of the Year (WCOTY) award at the New York International Auto Show .
• In February 2013, the Leaf became the first electric vehicle to sell 50,000 units worldwide.
• In January 2014, the Leaf became the first electric vehicle to sell 100,000 units worldwide.
• In December 2014, the Leaf became the first electric vehicle in the world to reach the one billion kilometer mark (cumulative mileage of all drivers).
• Since December 2014, the Leaf has been the first electric vehicle worldwide with over 150,000 units sold.
• The Leaf is the first plug-in vehicle in the US with over 30,000 units sold in one year (2014).
• In December 2015, the Leaf hit the 200,000-unit mark as the best-selling electric vehicle worldwide
• In November 2017 the Leaf 2018 won the "Best of Innovation" CES Award 2018
• in January 2018 the mark of 300,000 Nissan Leaf vehicles was reached.

See also

• List of electric cars in series production
• List of electric car prototypes

Web links

Commons : Nissan Leaf  - Collection of Images

• Nissan Leaf Germany: Official website
• AMS, August 2, 2009: Nissan Leaf on Auto Motor & Sport: Large-scale electric car celebrates its world premiere
• AutoBild August 3, 2009: Presentation of the Nissan Leaf - electric Nissan for less than 20,000 euros
• Auto-News, March 27, 2012: Nissan Leaf put to the test - the electric alternative to the Golf Diesel?

Individual evidence

1. ↑ US market: Nissan Leaf completely sold out. In: Green-Motors.de , December 7, 2010.
2. ^ ^{A b} Nissan: The "E" side of EV: Nissan brings excitement from the road to the track with LEAF Nismo RC unleashed for the first time in Europe. January 20, 2019, accessed on March 14, 2020 . 
3. ↑ https://insideevs.com/news/393890/nissan-leaf-sales-450000/
4. ↑ https://www.elektroauto-news.net/2019/nissan-leaf-2018-meistverkauftes-e-auto-europa
5. ↑ Latest Safety Ratings | Euro NCAP. Retrieved July 4, 2017 . 
6. ↑ ^{a b c} More than 60 years of Nissan electric cars. motor-klassik.de from September 14, 2009, accessed on December 10, 2010
7. ↑ ^{a b c} The history of Nissan EV development. In: Modern Racer , August 5, 2009, accessed December 10, 2010.
8. ↑ Automotive Science Group: Press release ( memento of March 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) of February 4, 2014. Retrieved on January 27, 2015.
9. ↑ ADAC Autotest Nissan Leaf In: ADAC.de , February 2012, accessed on May 15, 2019.
10. ↑ Various consumption scenarios ( Memento of the original from April 11, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
11. ↑ ^{a b} Rainer Ruthe: Take it easy. In: Der Tagesspiegel , April 10, 2012.
12. ↑ The electric car in winter. In: Autostromer.de , January 31, 2012, accessed April 12, 2012.
13. ↑ News Current Press Portal (October 1, 2012): Electromobility E-cars pass tough practical tests. ADAC: ranges of up to 150 kilometers are no problem. (Accessed October 14, 2012)
14. ↑ http://nissannews.com/newsrelease.do;jsessionid=7459E04675D0AAD8B614E16CA53BA3A8?&id=2101&mid=  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
15. ^ Nissan Introduces 'Approaching Vehicle Sound for Pedestrians' System for New Leaf EV. autoguide.com, accessed December 18, 2010
16. ↑ GoingElectric, May 30, 2012: Leaf to Home - supplying the house with the electric car. accessed October 8, 2013
17. ↑ Price list (PDF) from Nissan Leaf, accessed May 31, 2019
18. ^ Nissan Leaf Germany: Price List, valid from December 1, 2011, Section: Essential Standard Equipment
19. ↑ CHadeMo prospectus: DC fast charging standard ( Memento of July 8, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 213 kB), accessed May 19, 2012
20. ↑ Sun-Watch.net: Charge an electric car with excess. accessed October 10, 2013
21. ^ Nissan Germany, company website: Recharge the Leaf. accessed October 7, 2013
22. ↑ Nissan Switzerland, company website: Range & charging. accessed on September 6, 2017
23. ↑ Nissan LEAF Specs. ( Memento of the original from November 25, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 18, 2010 
24. ↑ RWE and Nissan are cooperating on e-mobility. Retrieved December 18, 2010
25. ↑ LEMnet: international, interactive charging station directory. inserted April 12, 2012
26. ↑ Handelsblatt, April 23, 2013: Second generation Nissan Leaf. accessed October 20, 2014
27. ↑ greenmotorsblog, April 23, 2013: Nissan Leaf ll. - Driving report & details on innovations and prices. ( Memento of September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) accessed October 20, 2014
28. ↑ Paige Presley: New 2016 Nissan LEAF now offers best-in-class 107-mile range in affordable, fun-to-drive package ;. In: http://nissannews.com/ . September 10, 2015, accessed on September 12, 2015 . 
29. ↑ Nissan press: Nissan Leaf 2016: Now with 30 kWh and 250 kilometers range package. In: http://www.newsroom.nissan-europe.com/de . September 10, 2015, accessed September 12, 2015 . 
30. ↑ Nissan Leag Euro NCAP. Accessed June 10, 2018 . 
31. ↑ The new Nissan Leaf drives semi-autonomously. September 6, 2017, accessed September 30, 2017 . 
32. ↑ https://www.nissan.de/fahrzeuge/neuwagen/leaf/varianten-preise.html , accessed on October 25, 2018
33. ↑ Chris Randall: Leaf drivers complain of #rapidgate. In: Electrive.com. April 8, 2018, accessed April 26, 2018 . 
34. ↑ More performance and more range. January 9, 2019, accessed January 9, 2019 . 
35. ↑ Sebastian Schaal: Vehicle-to-Grid: How an electric car stabilizes the power grid. In: Edison. Handelsblatt , October 25, 2018, accessed on November 4, 2018 . 
36. ↑ ^{a b c} Nissan: LEAF electric car with a WLTP range of up to 415 km. ecomento.de, February 2, 2018, accessed on July 14, 2018 . 
37. ↑ Nissan Leaf Nismo: E-car with a sports look for Tokyo. October 4, 2017. Retrieved October 9, 2017 . 
38. ↑ ^{a b} New Nissan LEAF manages 385 WLTP kilometers. ecomento.de, January 9, 2019, accessed on January 9, 2019 . 
39. ↑ Production of the Nissan LEAF electric car has started. grueneautos.com on November 26, 2010, accessed on December 17, 2010
40. ↑ Nissan May Build Leaf Cars in China. grueneautos.com on November 26, 2010, accessed on December 17, 2010
41. ↑ Sebastian Blanco: Nissan starts 2013 Leaf production in UK, EV now made on three continents . Autoblog Green . March 28, 2013. Retrieved June 28, 2013.
42. ↑ Mark Kane: Global EV sales for 2019 now in: Tesla Model 3 totally dominated. InsideEVs Internet portal, February 17, 2020 (English)
43. ↑ 100% Electric Zero-emission Nissan LEAF Debuts in Japan. ( Memento of December 6, 2010 on the Internet Archive ) Nissan press release, accessed December 10, 2010
44. ↑ Nissan to make history with delivery of world's first 100% electric Nissan LEAF to California consumer. ( Memento of January 5, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Nissan press release, accessed December 18, 2010
45. ^ Order books open for Nissan LEAF in Europe . Nissan. July 30, 2010. Archived from the original on August 6, 2010. Retrieved October 24, 2010.
46. ↑ Nissan Leaf comes in April 2012 at a price of 36,990 € ( Memento from February 21, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) greenmotorsblog.de from November 29, 2011, accessed on December 4, 2011
47. ↑ http://www.nissan.de/DE/de/vehicle/electric-vehicles/leaf/prices-and-equipment/prices-and-specifications.html greenmotorsblog.de of November 29, 2011, accessed on December 4 2011
48. ^ First Nissan Leaf in Germany at juwi. ( Memento from May 28, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) watt gehtab.com - E-mobility News from May 26, 2011, accessed on May 26, 2011
49. ↑ New milestone: Nissan sells 400,000. LEAF. March 6, 2019, accessed July 19, 2019 . 
50. ↑ Jay Cole: June 2013 Plug-In Electric Vehicle Sales Report Card . InsideEvs.com. July 2, 2013. Retrieved July 3, 2013.
51. ↑ Jay Cole: February 2014 Plug-In Electric Vehicle Sales Report Card . InsideEvs.com. March 3, 2014. Retrieved March 13, 2014.
52. ↑ Jay Cole: December 2014 Plug-In Electric Vehicle Sales Report Card . InsideEvs.com. January 5, 2015. Accessed February 7, 2015.
53. ↑ Mark Kane: Nissan LEAF Ends 2015 With Nearly 90,000 Cumulative Sales In US Card . InsideEvs.com. January 9, 2016. Accessed July 23, 2015.
54. ↑ Nissan Group reports December and 2016 calendar year US sales . Nissan US. January 4, 2017. Retrieved December 17, 2017.
55. ↑ Nissan Group reports November 2017 US sales . Nissan US. December 4, 2017. Retrieved December 17, 2017.
56. ↑ Jay Cole: 2013 Nissan LEAF Hits A Sales Stumbling Block In Japan . Inside EVs. May 3, 2013. Retrieved May 9, 2013.
57. ↑ MyNissanLeaf: Worldwide Sales Numbers Plugin . MyNissanLeafForum. August 12, 2012. Retrieved March 17, 2013.
58. ↑ Mark Cane: Nissan LEAF Sales In Japan Up 17% in 2013 . Inside EVs. January 30, 2014. Retrieved March 13, 2014.
59. ↑ Jay Cole: Nissan LEAF Sales Fall In January 2015 For First Time In 2 Years In US . Inside EVs. February 3, 2015. Accessed February 7, 2015.
60. ↑ Mark Kane: Nissan LEAF, Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV Sales Drop In Japan Continues In May . Inside EVs. July 2, 2015. Accessed July 23, 2015.
61. ↑ Mark Kane: Worldwide Nissan LEAF Sales Down To 43,651 In 2015 (From 60,000) As Weak Numbers For Japan Are In . Inside EVs. December 22, 2015. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
62. ↑ Mark Kane: Nissan LEAF Sales In Japan Have Already Exceeded Entire 2015. Best June Ever . Inside EVs. July 27, 2016. Retrieved July 28, 2016.
63. ↑ Mark Kane: Nissan LEAF Sets Sales Record In Japan For 2016 . Inside EVs. January 25, 2017. Retrieved December 17, 2017.
64. ↑ Ole Henrik Dahl Hanni: Eventyrlig elbilsalg I 2011 . Green bil. January 9, 2012. Archived from the original on February 7, 2012. Retrieved on January 14, 2012.
65. ↑ Bilsalget i 2015. Opplysningsrådet for Veitrafikken AS, accessed on January 23, 2016 . 
66. ↑ Bilsalget i desember. Opplysningsrådet for Veitrafikken AS, accessed on December 17, 2017 . 
67. ↑ Bilsalget i november. Opplysningsrådet for Veitrafikken AS, accessed on December 17, 2017 . 
68. ↑ Matt Gasnier: UK Full Year 2012: Now with Top 350 All-models ranking! bestsellingcarsblog.com, February 1, 2013, archived from the original on October 31, 2013 ; accessed on July 4, 2014 . 
69. ↑ Jay Cole: Nissan LEAF Leads EV Sales Race in UK For First Month Of The Year + Infographic . Inside EVs. February 10, 2014. Retrieved March 10, 2014.
70. ↑ Christy Pop: UK sales figures 2014 . Nissan GB. November 17, 2014. Retrieved on February 7, 2015.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
71. ^ David Jackson: Nissan sets record sales for second successive year . Nissan GB. January 7, 2016. Retrieved January 23, 2016.
72. ↑ Vehicle licensing statistics: 2016, veh0126 . National Statistics. April 13, 2017. Retrieved December 17, 2017.
73. ↑ Vehicle licensing statistics: 2017, veh0160 . National Statistics. December 14, 2017. Retrieved December 17, 2017.
74. ↑ Tableau de bord automobile. N ° 29. Année 2011. (PDF) (No longer available online.) Comité des Constructeurs Français d'Automobiles, p. 13 , archived from the original on 23 September 2015 ; Retrieved October 4, 2015 . 
75. ↑ Tableau de bord automobile. N ° 33. Année 2012. (PDF) (No longer available online.) Comité des Constructeurs Français d'Automobiles, p. 13 , archived from the original on 23 September 2015 ; Retrieved October 4, 2015 . 
76. ↑ Tableau de bord automobile. N ° 37. Année 2013. (PDF) (No longer available online.) Comité des Constructeurs Français d'Automobiles, p. 13 , archived from the original on 23 September 2015 ; Retrieved October 4, 2015 . 
77. ↑ Tableau de bord automobile. N ° 41. Année 2014. (PDF) (No longer available online.) Comité des Constructeurs Français d'Automobiles, p. 13 , archived from the original on 23 September 2015 ; Retrieved October 4, 2015 . 
78. ↑ Chiffres de vente & immatriculations de voitures électriques en France. Automobile Propre, accessed January 23, 2016 . 
79. ↑ Jose Pontes: France December 2016 . ev-salesblogspot. January 10, 2017. Retrieved December 17, 2017.
80. ↑ Jose Pontes: France October 2017 . ev-salesblogspot. November 13, 2017. Retrieved December 17, 2017.
81. ↑ Chevrolet Volt Sales Figures . Good Car Bad Car. August 2, 2013. Retrieved August 14, 2013.
82. ^ Nissan Group reports record December and 2014 calendar year Canadian sales . Nissan Canada. January 5, 2015. Accessed February 7, 2015.
83. ^ Nissan Group reports record December and 2015 calendar year Canadian sales . Nissan Canada. January 5, 2016. Retrieved January 23, 2016.
84. ^ Nissan Group Reports Record December and 2016 Calendar Year Canadian Sales . Nissan Canada. January 4, 2017. Retrieved December 17, 2017.
85. ↑ Nissan Group Reports Record November 2017 Canadian Sales . Nissan Canada. December 4, 2017. Retrieved December 17, 2017.
86. ↑ New registrations of passenger cars by segment and model series in December 2011. (PDF; 2.1 MB) (No longer available online.) Federal Motor Transport Authority, archived from the original on May 31, 2014 ; Retrieved October 4, 2015 . 
87. ↑ New registrations of passenger cars in December 2012 by brand and model series. (PDF) (No longer available online.) Federal Motor Transport Authority, archived from the original on May 31, 2014 ; Retrieved October 4, 2015 . 
88. ↑ New registrations of passenger cars in December 2013 by brand and model series. (PDF) (No longer available online.) Federal Motor Transport Authority, archived from the original on May 31, 2014 ; Retrieved October 4, 2015 . 
89. ↑ New registrations of passenger cars in December 2014 by brand and model series. (PDF) Federal Motor Transport Authority, accessed on October 4, 2015 . 
90. ↑ New registrations of passenger cars in December 2015 by brand and model series. (PDF) Federal Motor Transport Authority, accessed on January 23, 2016 . 
91. ↑ Monthly new registrations - December 2016. (PDF) Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt, accessed on December 17, 2017 . 
92. ↑ New registrations of passenger cars by segment and model series in December 2017. (xls) Federal Motor Transport Authority, accessed on January 14, 2018 . 
93. ↑ New registrations of passenger cars by brand and model series in December 2018. (xls) Federal Motor Transport Authority, accessed on January 17, 2020 . 
94. ↑ New registrations of passenger cars by brand and model series in December 2019. (xls) Federal Motor Transport Authority, accessed on January 17, 2020 . 
95. ↑ Topplistan December 2012 (def). (PDF; 34 kB) BIL Sweden, January 6, 2013, accessed October 4, 2015 . 
96. ↑ Topplistan December 2013 (def). (PDF; 34 kB) BIL Sweden, January 6, 2014, accessed on October 4, 2015 . 
97. ↑ Topplistan December 2014 (def). (PDF; 35 kB) (No longer available online.) BIL Sweden, January 6, 2015, archived from the original on April 2, 2015 ; Retrieved October 4, 2015 . 
98. ↑ Topplistan Dec 2015. (excel) BIL Sweden, January 7, 2016, accessed January 23, 2016 . 
99. ↑ nyregistreringar 2016-01 2016-12. BIL Sweden, December 17, 2017, accessed December 17, 2016 . 
100. ↑ nyregistreringar 2017-01 2017-12. BIL Sweden, December 17, 2017, accessed January 14, 2018 . 
101. ↑ nieuwverkoop Personenautos 201112. (PDF) (No longer available online.) RAI Vereniging, archived from the original on April 2, 2015 ; Retrieved October 4, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
102. ↑ nieuwverkoop Personenautos 201212. (PDF) (No longer available online.) RAI Vereniging, archived from the original on April 2, 2015 ; Retrieved October 4, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
103. ↑ nieuwverkoop Personenautos 201312. (PDF) (No longer available online.) RAI Vereniging, archived from the original on September 24, 2015 ; Retrieved October 4, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
104. ↑ nieuwverkoop Personenautos 201412. (PDF) (No longer available online.) RAI Vereniging, archived from the original on September 24, 2015 ; Retrieved October 4, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
105. ↑ Netherlands December 2015. Jose Pontes, accessed January 23, 2016 . 
106. ↑ Netherlands December 2016 . ev-salesblogspot. January 11, 2017. Retrieved on 2017-17.
107. ↑ Netherlands November 201 . ev-salesblogspot. December 7, 2017. Retrieved December 17, 2017.
108. ↑ Asociación Nacional de Importadores de Automóviles, Camiones, Autobuses y Motocicletas (ANIACAM): Datos de Mercado: June 2013 - Matriculaciones de automóviles ( Spanish ) ANIACAM. July 2013. Retrieved July 7, 2013.
109. ↑ Jose Pontes: Spain December 2014 . ev-sales.blogspot. January 4, 2015. Accessed February 7, 2015.
110. ^ Carlos Noya: Ventas de coches eléctricos España 2015 . forococheselectricos. January 9, 2016. Retrieved January 23, 2016.
111. ↑ Carlos Noya: Ventas de coches eléctricos en España: Diciembre 2016 . forococheselectricos. January 3, 2017. Retrieved December 17, 2017.
112. ↑ Carlos Noya: [forococheselectricos.com/2017/10/ventas-de-coches-electricos-en-espana-septiembre-2017.html Ventas de coches eléctricos en España: September 2017] . forococheselectricos. October 4, 2017. Retrieved December 17, 2017.
113. ↑ L'Auto 2014. Sintesi Statistica. (PDF) Unione Nazionale Rappresentanti Autoveicoli Esteri, April 30, 2015, p. 33 , accessed on October 5, 2015 . 
114. ↑ Luca Moroni: December 2015 i dati di vendita di auto elettriche e ibride in Italia. January 6, 2016, accessed January 23, 2016 . 
115. ↑ Luca Moroni: December 2016, i dati di vendita di auto elettriche e ibride in Italia. January 3, 2016, accessed December 17, 2017 . 
116. ↑ Luca Moroni: November 2017, i dati di vendita di auto elettriche e ibride in Italia. December 4, 2017. Retrieved December 17, 2017 . 
117. ↑ Federal state statistics. Retrieved December 27, 2017 . 
118. ↑ Statistics Austria New Motor Vehicles 2011. (PDF) Accessed on December 27, 2017 . 
119. ↑ Statistics Austria New Motor Vehicle Registrations 2012. (PDF) Retrieved on December 27, 2017 . 
120. ↑ Statistics Austria New Motor Vehicle Registrations 2013. (PDF) Accessed on December 27, 2017 . 
121. ↑ Statistics Austria Motor Vehicles New Registrations 2014. (PDF) Retrieved on December 27, 2017 . 
122. ↑ Statistics Austria New Motor Vehicle Registrations 2015. (PDF) Accessed on December 27, 2017 . 
123. ↑ Statistics Austria New Motor Vehicle Registrations 2016. (PDF) Accessed on December 27, 2017 . 
124. ↑ Statistics Austria New Motor Vehicles 2017. (PDF) Accessed on December 27, 2017 . 
125. ^ Enrollments for new cars (CH + FL). January - December 2011. (XLS) auto-schweiz, January 6, 2012, accessed on September 9, 2015 . 
126. ^ Enrollments for new cars (CH + FL). January - December 2012. (XLS) auto-schweiz, January 16, 2013, accessed on September 9, 2015 . 
127. ^ Enrollments for new cars (CH + FL). January - December 2013. (XLS) auto-schweiz, January 16, 2014, accessed on January 17, 2015 . 
128. ^ Enrollments for new cars (CH + FL). January - December 2014. (XLS) auto-schweiz, January 14, 2015, accessed on January 17, 2015 . 
129. ^ Enrollments for new cars (CH + FL). January - December 2015. (XLSX) auto-schweiz, January 14, 2016, accessed on January 23, 2016 . 
130. ^ Enrollments for new cars (CH + FL). January - December 2016. (XLSX) auto-schweiz, December 31, 2016, accessed on December 17, 2016 . 
131. ^ Enrollments for new cars (CH + FL). January - November 2017. (XLSX) auto-schweiz, December 6, 2017, accessed on December 17, 2016 . 
132. ↑ Nissan Leaf is Europe's Car of the Year 2011. newfleet.de from November 29, 2010, accessed on November 29, 2010
133. ↑ ^{a b c d} Nissan Says “Thanks A Billion” To LEAF Owners - Video. insideevs from December 3, 2014, accessed on December 3, 2014
134. ↑ Engine Prize: Another prestigious award for the Nissan LEAF. grueneautos.com from December 16, 2010, accessed December 17, 2010
135. ↑ Nissan Leaf declared 2011 World Car of the Year. In: World Car Awards , April 21, 2011 (English).
136. ↑ Eric Loveday: Nissan LEAF Sales Surpass 150,000 Worldwide. In: insideevs. January 15, 2015, accessed January 23, 2016 . 
137. ↑ Nissan LEAF Sales US December 2014 - LEAF Is First Plug-In Vehicle Over 30,000 Sold In US In One Year. insideevs from January 5, 2015, accessed on December 3, 2014
138. ↑ All-new 2018 Nissan LEAF wins “CES 2018 Best of Innovation” award; first international honors for world's best-selling EV nissannews of November 10, 2017, accessed on December 17, 2017
139. ↑ Andreas Wilkens: Electric cars: Nissan delivers 300,000. Leaf out. In: heise online. January 9, 2018, accessed January 17, 2018 .