Camponaraya
| Camponaraya parish | |||
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| coat of arms | Map of Spain | ||
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| Basic data | |||
| Autonomous Community : |
 Castile and León
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| Province : | Leon | ||
| Comarca : |
 El Bierzo
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| Coordinates | 42 ° 35 ′ N , 6 ° 40 ′ W | ||
| Height : | 494 msnm | ||
| Area : | 29.13 km² | ||
| Residents : | 4,096 (Jan 1, 2019) | ||
| Population density : | 140.61 inhabitants / km² | ||
| Founding: | between 9th and 12th century | ||
| Postal code : | 24410 | ||
| Municipality number ( INE ): | 24034 | ||
| administration | |||
| Mayor : | Antonio Canedo Aller ( PSOE , 2007) | ||
| Website : | www.camponaraya.org | ||
Camponaraya is a place on the Way of St. James in the autonomous region of Castile and León and the capital of the municipality of the same name .
history
Ancient and Middle Ages
With the exception of the Castro de Camponaraya, there is hardly any evidence of the Roman and pre-Roman epoch of the Iberian Peninsula in the municipality . The Castro is located about one kilometer south of the village on a hill that dominates the plain, in a northeast-southeast direction with a slight slope towards the village. In the western part of the complex, wall remains as well as ceramics were found. Due to the quantity and quality, no reliable conclusions can be drawn about the residents of the settlement from the finds.
In 714, the Moorish general Musa ibn Nusayr reached the Bierzo and conquered it. The main goal is likely to have been Bergidum, the main town of Bierzo in the Roman and Visigothic times, located in the Castro de la Ventosa. It was destroyed and its population and those of the surrounding villages fled to the mountains. The repopulation took place during the times of the kings Alfonso II (Asturias) and Ordoño I (Asturias) , with a count Gatón playing an important role.
Today's Camponaraya goes back to a medieval settlement that arose between the 9th and 12th centuries. The first medieval mention of parts of today's municipal area comes from the years from 853, when Ordoño I confirmed the ownership of the monastery of San Julián de Samos in two churches. One of the churches is that of Naragia or Naraya. In the 11th and 12th centuries, the monastery expanded its sphere of influence through donations and purchases to include places such as Campo de Naraya, La Válgoma, Narayola and Magaz de Abajo. Another donation by Ordoños I benefited the Church of Oviedo with various goods and a. part of a wine-growing region ("... y tres suertes de viñas en Magaz"). Another mention can be found in a purchase agreement in which Ordoño Pérez sold lands to Pedro da Fonte in 1202 (La Válgoma, Narayola, Hervededo).
The development of Camponaraya must undoubtedly be linked to the emergence of the Camino de Santiago. Losada Carracedo writes that there was a church in the parish on the Camino Francés where “Nuestra señora de la Soledad” was worshiped. The existence of a commandery in Narayola (at least for 1237) is mentioned in various places . Válgoma is also mentioned and its church of Santa Leocadia, whose parish apparently also included parts of today's Camponaraya, which did not have its own parish church until the 19th century. (today: Iglesia de San Ildefonso)
In 992, Bermudo II (León) founded the Carracedo monastery , which included Camponaraya as well as the villages of Naraya and Narayola. Likewise, through donations, inheritance and purchases over the centuries, the monastery received extensive possessions within the present municipality (Magaz de Abajo, La Válgoma and Hervededo) and outside (other villages, estates, mills, mines and houses.) In some cases, the monastery was overwritten also pay off debts.
In the 14th and 15th centuries, the monastery leased its goods due to a lack of labor. Initially for years, later for longer periods or even for life. The difficulties that the monastery suffered due to the labor shortage partially used the feudal people and subjects to free themselves from burdens that had been placed on them in the course of time. In 1497, for example, the residents of Camponaraya refused to pay taxes on their houses. These rebellions were repeated in the 16th century and sometimes found farmers and nobility united against the monastery. One of the leaders is known by name: Alonso de Sorriba took the lead in 1512. As a result of the various rebellions, however, the situation of the residents worsened.
From the 16th to 19th centuries, the villages of the municipality belonged to different jurisdictions: Camponaraya and Narayola were under the jurisdiction of the monastery, Hervededo and La Valgoma that of their landlords, and Magaz de Abajo was under royal jurisdiction. The economic basis was determined by agriculture and individual handicraft activities.
Modern times and recent history
During the War of Independence, protests against feudalism and the institutions of the Antiguo Régimen , represented by the Carracedo Monastery, intensified . In 1812 the first constitutional council was formed. At the same time there was an uprising against the monastery, led by the abbot of San Mamed de Trives, Juan Antonio Rivera and his younger brother and mayor Fernando Rivera Rivera. On September 4, 1813, the village under Fernando Rivera stormed the priory house, destroyed grain and wine stores, set fire to the archive and drove the prior Mrs. Pastor Villar away. The mayor of Ponferrada appeared with troops from the Compostela regiment to restore order. The Rivera brothers were arrested and charged by the monastery of ringleadership , and their property was confiscated. Although they were released after an appeal in 1814, the lawsuits had a negative impact on their economic situation.
With the arrival of the railroad in 1882, phylloxera spread in Bierzo , destroyed the vines and plunged thousands of farm workers into misery. In this situation of general bankruptcy, the constituted citizenship and the municipal administration sought new sources of income. In 1890 there was a weekly market for Wednesdays in the bridge district (Barrio del Puente). The local businessman Antonio Fernández left arcades "to protect people and fruits that they offer for sale" together with others because no public funds were available. The general impoverishment immediately affected all areas: the school closed, the town hall could not be repaired, meetings had to be held in José Merayo's house, a doctor could not be employed, the place was on the edge of an agrarian subsistence economy .
With the coup d'état of the Capitán General de Cataluña, Miguel Primo de Rivera , on September 13, 1923, the municipal council and its members were removed from their offices. The well-run economy allowed a protectionist economic policy, which in the Bierzo manifested itself in the support of the local mining companies. The "felices años veinte" (happy twenties) showed themselves in a population increase and the construction of the electricity network. Schools are set up in Magaz and Hervededo and the project to establish the connection routes between Camponaraya and Hervededo via La Válgoma and Magaz is decided.
On April 21, 1931, the first municipal administration was constituted under republican conditions. The economic crisis had an impact on everyday life and the delicate reforms in rural areas heightened tensions among the residents of Camponaraya: after a previous draw, plots of land were distributed to the residents of Narayola, La Válgoma and Camponaraya. The administration worked out the first road and urgently needed infrastructure projects. The medical and power supply will be improved. The sole economic base is viticulture.
The climate of insecurity caused by civil war , shootings, repression and hunger (“Años del Hambre”) resulted in an economic model of postulated self-sufficiency and intervention . The shortage of these years was reflected in the budget plans of Cacabelo, public projects had to be implemented with the help of a consortium of local traders and traders. During the 1950s, the Francoist regime moved closer to western economic models and introduced technocratic despotism. The Catholic lay organization Opus Dei played a role in this . The loosening of the blockade against Francoist Spain and European loans made it easier to acquire operational equipment. In Bierzo, for example, the nearby power station of the national energy supplier Endesa was built.
After Franco's death on November 20, 1975, a dynamic phase began in the whole of Spanish society as well as in Camponaraya, which ended in December 1978 with the adoption of the constitutional proposal and led irreversibly towards democracy. It was accompanied by a tremendous effort to improve the infrastructure and the living conditions of the people: the industrial park was built, municipal facilities for waste disposal, traffic control and regulation, water supply were created, road surfaces and lighting, telephone facilities, sports fields and swimming pools were set up. The population increased by 30.9% between 1981 and 1996, which had an impact on housing construction as well as on cultural, social and educational institutions.
Worth seeing
- Manor house Casa de los Marqueses de Quiñones
- Manor house Casa de la Familia Ucieda
- House of the Monastery of Carracedo (Casa del Deán del monasterio de Carracedo)
- Clock Tower (El Reloj)
Festivals
- Bierzo Day (Día Del Bierzo), September 8th
- Virgen de la Soledad, third weekend in September
- Sculpture Symposium (Simposium de Escultura de Camponaraya)
literature
- Míllan Bravo Lozano: Practical pilgrim guide. The Camino de Santiago. Editorial Everest, Léon 1994, ISBN 84-241-3835-X .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Cifras oficiales de población resultantes de la revisión del Padrón municipal a 1 de enero . Population statistics from the Instituto Nacional de Estadística (population update).
- ↑ cf. Website d. Camponaraya community, early and medieval history ( Memento from April 14, 2013 in the web archive archive.today )
- ↑ cf. Website d. Camponaraya parish, Antiguo Regimen ( Memento from June 21, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ cf. Website d. Camponaraya Congregation, Modern and Contemporary History ( Memento from June 21, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
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