List of heads of state 1902

Overview
◄◄ | ◄ | 1898 | 1899 | 1900 | 1901 | List of heads of state 1902  | 1903  | 1904  | 1905  | 1906  | ►  | ►►
Other events

Africa

• Egypt (nominally part of the Ottoman Empire from 1882–1914, de facto British protectorate)
  • Head of State: Khedive Abbas II. (1892-1914)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Mustafa Fahmi Pascha ( 1891–1893 , 1895–1908)
  • British Consul General : Evelyn Baring, 1st Earl of Cromer (1883–1907)

• Ethiopia
  • Head of State and Government: Emperor Menelik II (1898–1913)

• Liberia
  • Head of State or Government: President Garretson W. Gibson (1900–1904) (acting until January 6, 1902)

• Orange Free State (British colony from May 31, 1902)
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President Marthinus Theunis Steyn (1896–30 May 1902)
    • President Christiaan de Wet (May 30, 1902– May 31, 1902) ( Acting )

• South African Republic (British colony from May 31, 1902)
  • Head of State and Government: President Schalk Willem Burger (1900–31 May 1902)

America

North America

• Canada
  • Head of State: King Edward VII (1901–1910)
    • Governor General : Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto (1898–1904)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Wilfrid Laurier (1896–1911)

• Mexico
  • Head of State and Government: President Porfirio Díaz ( 1876–1880 , 1884–1911)

• United States of America
  • Head of State or Government: President Theodore Roosevelt (1901–1909)

Central America

• Costa Rica
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President Rafael Yglesias Castro (1894– May 8, 1902)
    • President Ascensión Esquivel Ibarra (May 8, 1902–1906)

• Dominican Republic
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President Juan Isidro Jiménez (1899– May 2, 1902, 1914–1916 )
    • President Horacio Vásquez ( 1899 , May 2, 1902–1903, 1924–1930 )

• El Salvador
  • Head of State and Government: President Tomás Regalado (1898–1903)

• Guatemala
  • Head of State and Government: President Manuel José Estrada Cabrera (1898–1920)

• Haiti
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President Tirésias Simon-Sam (1896– May 12, 1902)
    • President of the Provisional Government Pierre Théoma Boisrond-Canal ( 1876–1879, 1888 , May 26, 1902– December 17, 1902)
    • President Pierre Nord Alexis (December 17, 1902–1908)

• Honduras
  • Head of State and Government: President Terencio Sierra (1899–1903)

• Cuba (independent since May 20, 1902)
  • Head of State and Government: President Tomás Estrada Palma ( 1976–1877 , May 20, 1902–1906)

• Nicaragua
  • Head of State and Government: President José Santos Zelaya (1893–1909)

South America

• Argentina
  • Head of State and Government: President Julio Argentino Roca ( 1880–1886 , 1898–1904)

• Bolivia
  • Head of State and Government: President José Manuel Pando (1899–1904)

• Brazil
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President Manuel Ferraz de Campos Sales (1898– November 15, 1902)
    • President Francisco de Paula Rodrigues Alves (November 15, 1902–1906)

• Chile
  • Head of State and Government: President Germán Riesco Errázuriz (1901–1906)

• Ecuador
  • Head of State and Government: President Leonidas Plaza Gutiérrez (1901–1905, 1912–1916 )

• Colombia
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President Manuel Antonio Sanclemente (1898– March 19, 1902)
    • President José Manuel Marroquín (1900–1904) (acting until March 19, 1902)

• Paraguay
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President Emilio Aceval (1898– January 9, 1902)
    • President Andrés Héctor Carvallo (January 9, 1902– November 25, 1902) (acting)
    • President Juan Antonio Escurra (November 25, 1902–1904)

• Peru
  • Head of State: President Eduardo López de Romaña (1899–1903)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Cesáreo Chacaltana Reyes ( 1894 , 1901–19 August 1902)
    • Prime Minister Cesáreo Octavio Deustua Escarza (August 9, 1902– November 4, 1902)
    • Prime Minister José Pardo y Barreda (November 4, 1902–1903)

• Uruguay
  • Head of State and Government: President Juan Lindolfo Cuestas ( 1897–1899 , 1899–1903)

• Venezuela
  • Head of State and Government: President Cipriano Castro (1899–1909)

Asia

East, South and Southeast Asia

• China
  • Ruler: Emperor Guangxu (1875–1908, nominal )
  • Regent: Empress Dowager Cixi (1898–1908)

• British India
  • Emperor : Edward VII (1901–1910)
  • Viceroy : George Curzon (1899–1904)

• Japan
  • Head of State: Emperor Mutsuhito (1852–1912)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Marquis Katsura Tarō (1901–1906)

• Korea
  • Ruler: Emperor Gojong (1897–1907)

• Nepal
  • Head of State: King Prithvi (1881–1911)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Chandra Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana (1901–1929)

• Siam (today: Thailand)
  • Ruler: King Chulalongkorn (1868–1910)

Middle East

• Persia (today: Iran)
  • Head of State: Shah Mozaffar ad-Din Shah (1896–1907)
  • Head of Government: Haji Mirza Ali Khan Sinaki (1897–?)

Central Asia

• Afghanistan
  • Ruler: Emir Habibullah Khan (1901-1919)

Australia and Oceania

• Australia
  • Head of State: King Edward VII (since 1901)
    • Governor General : John Hope (since 1901)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Sir Edmund Barton (since 1901)

Europe

• Andorra
  • Co-princes :
    • President of France : Émile Loubet (1899–1906)
    • Bishop of Urgell :
      • Toribio Martín (January 2, 1902– September 10, 1902) (acting)
      • Joan Josep Laguarda i Fenollera (September 10, 1902–1906)

• Belgium
  • Head of State: King Leopold II (1865–1909)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Paul de Smet de Naeyer ( 1896–1899 , 1899–1907)

• Bulgaria
  • Head of State: Prince Ferdinand I (1887–1918) (from 1908 Tsar)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Petko Karawelow ( 1880–1881, 1884–1886, 1886 , 1901–3 January 1902)
    • Prime Minister Stojan Danew (January 4, 1902–1903, 1913 )

• Denmark
  • Head of State: King Christian IX. (1863–1906)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Johan Henrik Deuntzer (1901–1905)

• German Empire
  • Head of State: Kaiser Wilhelm II. (1888–1918)
  • Head of government: Reich Chancellor Bernhard von Bülow (1900–1909)
  • Stop
    • Head of State: Duke Friedrich I (1871–1904)
    • Head of Government: Minister of State Kurt von Koseritz (1892–1902)
  • to bathe
    • Head of State: Grand Duke Friedrich I (1856–1907) (1852–1856 regent)
    • Head of Government: Minister of State Arthur von Brauer (1901–1905)
  • Bavaria
    • Head of State: King Otto I (1886–1913)
      • Regent : Prince Regent Luitpold (1886–1912)
    • Head of Government: Chairman of the Council of Ministers Friedrich Krafft von Crailsheim (1890–1903)
  • Braunschweig
    • Head of State: Regent Prince Albrecht of Prussia (1885–1906)
    • Head of Government: Minister of State Albert von Otto (1889–1911) (1906–1907 Chairman of the Regency Council)
  • Bremen
    • President of the Senate : Albert Gröning ( 1895, 1897, 1900 , 1902)
  • Reichsland Alsace-Lorraine
    • Imperial governor: Prince Hermann zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg (1894–1907)
    • State Secretary of the Ministry for Alsace-Lorraine : Ernst von Köller (1901–1908)
  • Hamburg
    • First Mayor : Johann Georg Mönckeberg ( 1890, 1892–1893, 1896, 1899 , 1902, 1904–1905, 1908 )
  • Hesse
    • Head of State: Grand Duke Ernst Ludwig (1892–1918)
    • Head of Government: President of the entire Ministry Carl Rothe (1898–1906)
  • lip
    • Head of State: Prince Alexander (1895–1905)
      • Regent: Ernst Graf zur Lippe-Biesterfeld (1897–1904)
    • Head of Government: Minister of State Max von Gevekot (1900–1912)
  • Lübeck
    • Mayor : Wilhelm Brehmer ( 1897–1898 , 1901–31 December 1902)
  • Mecklenburg-Schwerin
    • Head of State: Grand Duke Friedrich Franz IV (1897–1918)
    • Head of Government: President of the State Ministry Carl von Bassewitz-Levetzow (1901–1914)
  • Mecklenburg-Strelitz
    • Head of State: Grand Duke Friedrich Wilhelm (1860–1904)
    • Head of Government: Minister of State Friedrich von Dewitz (1885–1907)
  • Oldenburg
    • Head of State: Grand Duke Friedrich August II. (1900–1918)
    • Head of Government: Minister of State Wilhelm Friedrich Willich (1900–1908)
  • Prussia
    • Head of State: King Wilhelm II. (1888–1918)
    • Head of Government: Prime Minister Bernhard von Bülow (1900–1909)
  • Reuss older line
    • Head of State:
      • Prince Heinrich XXII. (1859-19 April 1902)
      • Prince Heinrich XXIV. (April 19, 1902–1918)
        • Regent: Heinrich XIV. (Reuss younger line) (April 19, 1902–1908)
    • Head of Government: Government and Consistorial Secretary Ernst August von Meding (1901–1918)
  • Reuss younger line
    • Head of State: Prince Heinrich XIV. (1867–1913)
    • Head of Government:
      • Minister of State Walter Engelhardt (1896–1902)
      • Minister of State Karl Franz Ernst von Hinüber (1902–1918)
  • Saxony
    • Head of State:
      • King Albert (1873-19 June 1902)
      • King George (June 19, 1902–1904)
    • Head of Government: Chairman of the General Ministry Karl Georg Levin von Metzsch-Reichenbach (1901–1906)
  • Saxony-Altenburg
    • Head of State: Duke Ernst I (1853–1908)
    • Head of Government: Minister of State Georg von Helldorff (1891–1904)
  • Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
    • Head of State: Duke Carl Eduard (1900–1918)
      • Regent: Ernst II. Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (1900–1905)
    • Head of Government: Minister of State Otto von Hentig (1900–1905)
  • Saxony-Meiningen
    • Head of State: Duke George II (1866–1914)
    • Head of Government:
      • Head of the State Ministry Friedrich von Heim (1890–1902)
      • Head of the State Ministry Rudolf von Ziller (1902–1912)
  • Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
    • Head of State: Grand Duke Wilhelm Ernst (Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach) (1901–1918)
  • Schaumburg-Lippe
    • Head of State: Prince Georg (1893–1911)
    • Head of Government: Minister of State Friedrich von Feilitzsch (1898–1918)
  • Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
    • Head of State: Prince Günther Victor (1890–1918)
    • Head of Government: Minister of State Wilhelm Friedrich von Starck (1888–1903)
  • Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
    • Head of State: Prince Karl Günther (1880–1909)
  • Waldeck and Pyrmont (administered by Prussia since 1868)
    • Head of State: Prince Friedrich (1893–1918)
    • Head of Government: Prussian State Director Ernst Friedrich Johannes von Saldern (1886–1907)
  • Württemberg
    • Head of State: King Wilhelm II. (1891–1918)
    • Head of Government: President of the State Ministry Wilhelm August von Breitling (1901–1906)

• Finland (1809–1917 autonomous Grand Duchy of the Russian Empire)
  • Head of State: Grand Duke Nicholas II (1894–1917)
    • Governor General : Nikolai Ivanovich Bobrikov (1898–1904)

• France
  • Head of State: President Émile Loubet (1899–1906)
  • Head of Government:
    • President of the Council of Ministers Pierre Waldeck-Rousseau (1899–7 June 1902)
    • President of the Council of Ministers Émile Combes (June 7, 1902–1905)

• Greece
  • Head of State: King George I (1863–1913)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Alexandros Zaimis ( 1897–1899 , 1901–7 December 1902, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1926–1928) (1929–1935 President)
    • Prime Minister Theodoros Deligiannis ( 1858–1886, 1890–1892, 1895–1897 , December 7, 1902–1903, 1904–1905 )

• Italy
  • Head of State: King Viktor Emanuel III. (1900-1946)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Giuseppe Zanardelli (1901–1903)

• Liechtenstein
  • Head of State and Government: Prince Johann II. (1858–1929)

• Luxembourg
  • Head of State: Grand Duke Adolf I (1890–1905) (1839–1866 Duke of Nassau)
    • Regent: Wilhelm (April 4, 1902–1905) (1905–1912 Grand Duke)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Paul Eyschen (1888–1915)

• Monaco
  • Head of State and Government: Prince Albert I (1889–1922)

• Montenegro
  • Prince : Nikola I. Petrović Njegoš (1860–1918) (from 1910 king )
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Bozo Petrovic-Njegos (1879–1905)

• Neutral Moresnet (1830-1915 under joint administration of Belgium and Prussia)
  • Head of State: King of Belgium Leopold II (1865–1909)
    • Commissioner : Fernand Bleyfuesz (1889–1915, 1918–1920 )
  • Head of State: King of Prussia Wilhelm II (1888–1918)
    • Commissioner : Alfred Gülcher (1893–1909)
  • Mayor : Hubert Schmetz (1885–1915)

• Netherlands
  • Head of State: Queen Wilhelmina (1890–1948)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Abraham Kuyper (1901–1905)

• Norway (1814–1905 personal union with Sweden)
  • Head of State: King Oskar II (1872–1905) (1872–1907 King of Sweden)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Johannes Steen ( 1891-1893 , 1898-21 April 1902)
    • Prime Minister Otto Albert Blehr (April 21, 1902–1903, 1912–1923 )

• Ottoman Empire
  • Head of State: Sultan Abdülhamid II (1876–1909)
  • Head of Government: Grand Vizier Mehmed Said Pascha ( 1897–1880, 1880–1882, 1882, 1882–1885, 1895 , 1901–1903, 1908, 1911–1912 )

• Austria-Hungary
  • Head of State: Emperor Franz Joseph I (1848–1916)
  • Head of Government of Cisleithanien: Prime Minister Ernest von Koerber (1900–1904, 1916 )
  • Head of Government of Transleithanien: Prime Minister Kálmán Széll (1899–1903)

• Portugal
  • Head of State: King Charles I (1889–1908)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Ernesto Rodolfo Hintze Ribeiro ( 1893–1897 , 1900–1904, 1906 )

• Romania
  • Head of State: King Charles I (1866–1914) (until 1881 Prince)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Dimitrie Sturdza ( 1895–1896, 1897–1899 , 1901–1905, 1907–1909 )

• Russia
  • Head of State and Government: Tsar Nicholas II (1894–1917)

• San Marino
  • Capitani Reggenti :
    • Antonio Belluzzi ( 1881, 1897–1898 , 1901–1 April 1902, 1905 ) and Pasquale Busignani ( 1880–1881, 1885, 1891–1892, 1897–1898 , 1901–1 April 1902, 1905 )
    • Onofrio Fattori ( 1898 , April 1, 1902– October 1, 1902, 1905–1906, 1911–1912, 1916, 1922–1923 ) and Egidio Ceccoli (April 1, 1902– October 1, 1902)
    • Gemino Gozi ( 1892–1893, 1899 , October 1, 1902–1903) and Giacomo Marcucci ( 1892–1893, 1899 , October 1, 1902–1903, 1909–1910 )

• Sweden (1814–1905 personal union with Norway)
  • Head of State: King Oskar II (1872–1907) (1872–1905 King of Norway)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Fredrik von Otter (1900–5 July 1902)
    • Prime Minister Erik Gustaf Boström ( 1891–1901 , July 5, 1902–1905)

• Switzerland
  • Federal President : Josef Zemp ( 1895 , 1902)
  • Federal Council :
    • Adolf Deucher (1883–1912)
    • Walter Hauser (1889–31 December 1902)
    • Josef Zemp (1892–1908)
    • Eduard Müller (1895-1919)
    • Ernst Brenner (1897–1911)
    • Robert Comtesse (1900-1912)
    • Marc-Emile Ruchet (1900-1912)

• Serbia
  • King Alexander I. Obrenović (1889–1903)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Mihailo Vujić (1901–20 October 1902)
    • Prime Minister Pera Velimirović (October 20, 1902– November 19, 1902, 1908–1909 )
    • Prime Minister Dimitrije Cincar-Marković (November 19, 1902–1903)

• Spain
  • Head of State: King Alfonso XIII. (1886–1931)
    • Regent: Maria Christina of Austria (1885–17 May 1902)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Práxedes Mateo Sagasta ( 1871–1872, 1874, 1881–1883, 1885–1890, 1887–1890 , 1901–6 December 1902)
    • Prime Minister Francisco Silvela Le vielleuze ( 1899–1900 , December 6, 1902–1903)

• United Kingdom :
  • Head of State: King Edward VII (1901–1910)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury ( 1885–1886, 1886–1892 , 1895– June 12, 1902)
    • Prime Minister Arthur Balfour (June 12, 1902–1905)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ The Federal Council is the collective head of state in Switzerland. The Federal President has the role of primus inter pares