List of heads of state 1904

Overview
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Africa

Egypt (nominally part of the Ottoman Empire from 1882–1914, de facto British protectorate)
- Head of State: Khedive Abbas II. (1892-1914)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Mustafa Fahmi Pascha ( 1891–1893 , 1895–1908)

Ethiopia
- Head of State and Government: Emperor Menelik II (1898–1913)

Liberia
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Garretson W. Gibson (1900–4 January 1904)
  - President Arthur Barclay (January 4, 1904–1912)

America

North America

Canada
- Head of State: King Edward VII (1901–1910)
  - Governor General :
    - Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto (1898-10 January 1904)
    - Albert Gray, 4th Earl Gray (January 10, 1904–1911)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Wilfrid Laurier (1896–1911)

Mexico
- Head of State and Government: President Porfirio Díaz ( 1876–1880 , 1884–1911)

United States of America
- Head of State or Government: President Theodore Roosevelt (1901–1909)

Central America

Costa Rica
- Head of State and Government: President Ascensión Esquivel Ibarra (1902–1906)

Dominican Republic
- Head of State and Government: President Carlos Felipe Morales (1903–1906)

El Salvador
- Head of State and Government: President Pedro José Escalón (1903–1907)

Guatemala
- Head of State and Government: President Manuel José Estrada Cabrera (1898–1920)

Haiti
- Head of State and Government: President Pierre Nord Alexis (1902–1908)

Honduras
- Head of State and Government: President Manuel Bonilla (1903–1907, 1912–1913 )

Cuba
- Head of State and Government: President Tomás Estrada Palma ( 1976–1877 , 1902–1906)

Nicaragua
- Head of State and Government: President José Santos Zelaya (1893–1909)

Panama
- Head of State and Government:
  - President of the Provisional Government Junta José Agustín Arango (1903–20 February 1904)
  - President Manuel Amador Guerrero (February 20, 1904–1908)

South America

Argentina
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Julio Argentino Roca ( 1880–1886 , 1898– October 12, 1904)
  - President Manuel Quintana (October 12, 1904–1906)

Bolivia
- Head of State and Government:
  - President José Manuel Pando (1899–14 August 1904)
  - President Ismael Montes Gamboa (August 14, 1904–1909, 1913–1917 )

Brazil
- Head of State and Government: President Francisco de Paula Rodrigues Alves (1902–1906)

Chile
- Head of State and Government: President Germán Riesco Errázuriz (1901–1906)

Ecuador
- Head of State and Government: President Leonidas Plaza Gutiérrez (1901–1905, 1912–1916 )

Colombia
- Head of State and Government:
  - President José Manuel Marroquín (1900–7 August 1904)
  - President Rafael Reyes (Aug. 7, 1904–1909)

Paraguay
Head of State and Government:

President Juan Antonio Escurra ( 1902– December 19 , 1904)

President Juan Bautista Gaona (December 19, 1904–1905) (Acting)

Peru
- Head of State:
  - President Manuel Candamo ( 1895 , 1903– May 7, 1904)
  - President Serapio Calderón (May 7, 1904– September 24, 1904) (acting)
  - President José Pardo y Barreda (September 24, 1904–1908, 1915–1919 ) (Prime Minister 1903–1904)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister José Pardo y Barreda (1903–14 May 1904) (1904–1908, 1915–1919 President)
  - Prime Minister Alberto Elmore Fernández de Córdoba (May 7, 1904– September 24, 1904) (acting)
  - Prime Minister Augusto B. Leguía y Salcedo (September 24, 1904–1907) (1908–1912, President 1919–1930)

Uruguay
- Head of State and Government: President José Batlle y Ordóñez ( 1899 , 1903–1907, 1911–1915 )

Venezuela
- Head of State and Government: President Cipriano Castro (1899–1909)

Asia

East, South and Southeast Asia

Bhutan
- Ruler: Choley Yeshe Ngodub (1903–1905)

China
- Ruler: Emperor Guangxu (1875–1908, nominal )
- Regent: Empress Dowager Cixi (1898–1908)

British India
- Emperor : Edward VII (1901–1910)
- Viceroy :
  - George Curzon (1899-1904)
  - Arthur Russell (1904) (temporarily)
  - George Curzon (1904-1905)

Japan
- Head of State: Emperor Mutsuhito (1852–1912)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Marquis Katsura Tarō (1901–1906)

Korea
- Ruler: Emperor Gojong (1897–1907)

Nepal

Head of State: King Prithvi (1881–1911)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Chandra Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana (1901–1929)

Siam (today: Thailand)
- Ruler: King Chulalongkorn (1868–1910)

Middle East

Persia (today: Iran)

Head of State: Shah Mozaffar ad-Din Shah (1896–1907)

Head of Government: Haji Mirza Ali Khan Sinaki (1897–?)

Central Asia

Afghanistan
- Ruler: Emir Habibullah Khan (1901-1919)

Australia and Oceania

Australia
- Head of State: King Edward VII (since 1901)
  - Governor General :
    - Hallam Tennyson (from 1903 to January 21, 1904)
    - Henry Northcote (since January 21, 1904)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Alfred Deakin (1903 - April 27, 1904)
  - Prime Minister Chris Watson (April 27, 1904 - August 18, 1904)
  - Prime Minister Sir George Reid (since August 18, 1904)

Europe

Andorra
- Co-princes :
  - President of France : Émile Loubet (1899–1906)
  - Bishop of Urgell : Joan Josep Laguarda i Fenollera (1902–1906)

Belgium
- Head of State: King Leopold II (1865–1909)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Paul de Smet de Naeyer ( 1896–1899 , 1899–1907)

Bulgaria
- Head of State: Prince Ferdinand I (1887–1918) (from 1908 Tsar)
- Head of government: Prime Minister Ratscho Petrow ( 1901 , 1903–1906)

Denmark
- Head of State: King Christian IX. (1863–1906)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Johan Henrik Deuntzer (1901–1905)

German Empire
- Head of State: Kaiser Wilhelm II. (1888–1918)
- Head of government: Reich Chancellor Bernhard von Bülow (1900–1909)
- Stop
  - Head of State:
    - Duke Friedrich I (1871–24 January 1904)
    - Duke Friedrich II (January 24, 1904–1918)
  - Head of Government: Minister of State Johann von Dallwitz (1903–1909)
- to bathe
  - Head of State: Grand Duke Friedrich I (1856–1907) (1852–1856 regent)
  - Head of Government: Minister of State Arthur von Brauer (1901–1905)
- Bavaria
  - Head of State: King Otto I (1886–1913)
    - Regent : Prince Regent Luitpold (1886–1912)
  - Head of Government: Chairman of the Council of Ministers Clemens Freiherr von Podewils-Dürniz (1903–1912)
- Braunschweig
  - Head of State: Regent Prince Albrecht of Prussia (1885–1906)
  - Head of Government: Minister of State Albert von Otto (1889–1911) (1906–1907 Chairman of the Regency Council)
- Bremen
  - President of the Senate : Carl Georg Barkhausen (1904, 1906, 1911, 1913, 1916 )
- Reichsland Alsace-Lorraine
  - Imperial governor: Prince Hermann zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg (1894–1907)
  - State Secretary of the Ministry for Alsace-Lorraine : Ernst von Köller (1901–1908)
- Hamburg
  - First Mayor :
    - Gerhard Hachmann ( 1900–1901 , January 1, 1904– July 5, 1904)
    - Johann Georg Mönckeberg ( 18901, 1892–1893, 1896, 1899, 1902 , July 5, 1904–1905, 1908 )
- Hesse
  - Head of State: Grand Duke Ernst Ludwig (1892–1918)
  - Head of Government: President of the entire Ministry Carl Rothe (1898–1906)
- lip
  - Head of State: Prince Alexander (1895–1905)
    - Regent:
      - Ernst Graf zur Lippe-Biesterfeld (1897–26 September 1904)
      - Leopold Graf zur Lippe-Biesterfeld (September 26, 1904–1905) (1905–1918 Prince of Lippe)
  - Head of Government: Minister of State Max von Gevekot (1900–1912)

Finland (1809–1917 autonomous Grand Duchy of the Russian Empire)
- Head of State: Grand Duke Nicholas II (1894–1917)
  - Governor General :
    - Nikolai Ivanovich Bobrikov (1898–17 June 1904)
    - Nikolai Matwejewitsch Turbin (June 18, 1904– August 18, 1904) (acting)
    - Ivan Michailowitsch Obolensky (August 18, 1904–1905)

France
- Head of State: President Émile Loubet (1899–1906)
- Head of Government: President of the Council of Ministers Émile Combes (1902–1905)

Greece
- Head of State: King George I (1863–1913)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Georgios Theotokis ( 1899–1901, 1903 , 1903–29 December 1904, 1905–1909 )
  - Prime Minister Theodoros Deligiannis ( 1885–1886, 1890–1892, 1895–1897, 1902–1903 , December 29, 1904–1905)

Italy
- Head of State: King Viktor Emanuel III. (1900-1946)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Giovanni Giolitti ( 1892–1893 , 1903–1905, 1906–1909, 1911–1914, 1920–1921 )

Liechtenstein
- Head of State and Government: Prince Johann II. (1858–1929)

Luxembourg
- Head of State: Grand Duke Adolf I (1890–1905) (1839–1866 Duke of Nassau)
  - Regent: Wilhelm (1902–1905) (1905–1912 Grand Duke)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Paul Eyschen (1888–1915)

Monaco
- Head of State and Government: Prince Albert I (1889–1922)

Montenegro

Prince : Nikola I. Petrović Njegoš (1860–1918) (from 1910 king )

Head of Government: Prime Minister Bozo Petrovic-Njegos (1879–1905)

Neutral Moresnet (1830-1915 under joint administration of Belgium and Prussia)
- Head of State: King of Belgium Leopold II (1865–1909)
  - Commissioner : Fernand Bleyfuesz (1889–1915, 1918–1920 )
- Head of State: King of Prussia Wilhelm II (1888–1918)
  - Commissioner : Alfred Gülcher (1893–1909)
- Mayor : Hubert Schmetz (1885–1915)

Netherlands
- Head of State: Queen Wilhelmina (1890–1948)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Abraham Kuyper (1901–1905)

Norway (1814–1905 personal union with Sweden)
- Head of State: King Oskar II (1872–1905) (1872–1907 King of Sweden)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Francis Hagerup ( 1895–1898 , 1903–1905)

Ottoman Empire
- Head of State: Sultan Abdülhamid II (1876–1909)
- Head of Government: Grand Vizier Avlonyalı Mehmet Ferit Pascha (1903–1908)

Austria-Hungary
- Head of State: Emperor Franz Joseph I (1848–1916)
- Head of Government of Cisleithanien:
  - Prime Minister Ernest von Koerber (1900–31 December 1904, 1916 )
  - Prime Minister Paul Gautsch von Frankenthurn ( 1897–1898 , December 31, 1904–1906)
- Head of Government of Transleithanien: Prime Minister István Tisza Count of Borosjenő and Szeged (1903–1905, 1913–1917 )

Portugal
- Head of State: King Charles I (1889–1908)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Ernesto Rodolfo Hintze Ribeiro ( 1893–1897 , 1900–20 October 1904, 1906 )
  - Prime Minister José Luciano de Castro ( 1886–1890, 1897–1900 , October 20, 1904–1906)

Romania
- Head of State: King Charles I (1866–1914) (until 1881 Prince)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Dimitrie Sturdza ( 1895–1896, 1897–1899 , 1901–1905, 1907–1909 )

Russia
- Head of State and Government: Tsar Nicholas II (1894–1917)

San Marino
- Capitani Reggenti :
  - Marino Borbiconi ( 1894–1895, 1898–1899 , October 1, 1903–1904, 1909–1910, 1923–1924 ) and Francesco Marcucci ( 1873, 1882, 1890, 1894, 1898–1899 , October 1, 1903–1904)
  - Menetto Bonelli ( 1889, 1893, 1896–1897 , April 1, 1904– October 1, 1904, 1908, 1912–1913 ) and Vincenzo Mularoni ( 1895–1896 , April 1, 1904– October 1, 1904)
  - Luigi Tonnini ( 1897, 1901 , October 1, 1904–1905, 1909 ) and Gustavo Babboni (October 1, 1904–1905, 1908, 1912, 1916–1917 )

Sweden (1814–1905 personal union with Norway)
- Head of State: King Oskar II (1872–1907) (1872–1905 King of Norway)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Erik Gustaf Boström ( 1891–1901 , 1902–1905)

Switzerland
- Federal President : Robert Comtesse (1904, 1910 )
- Federal Council :
  - Adolf Deucher (1883–1912)
  - Josef Zemp (1892–1908)
  - Eduard Müller (1895-1919)
  - Ernst Brenner (1897–1911)
  - Robert Comtesse (1900-1912)
  - Marc-Emile Ruchet (1900-1912)
  - Ludwig Forrer (1903-1917)

Serbia
- King Peter I Karadjordjevic (1903-1918)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Sava Grujić ( 1887–1888, 1889–1891, 1893–1894 , 1903–10 December 1904, 1906 )
  - Prime Minister Nikola Pašić ( 1891–1892 , December 10, 1904–1905, 1906–1908, 1909–1911, 1912–1918 ) (1918, 1921–1924, 1924–1926 Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Croats, Serbs and Slovenes)

Spain
- Head of State: King Alfonso XIII. (1886–1931)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Antonio Maura Montaner (1903–16 December 1904, 1907–1909, 1918, 1919, 1921–1922 )
  - Prime Minister Marcelo Azcárraga Palmero ( 1897, 1900–1901 , December 16, 1904–1905)

United Kingdom :
- Head of State: King Edward VII (1901–1910)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Arthur Balfour (1902–1905)

Individual evidence

↑ The Federal Council is the collective head of state in Switzerland. The Federal President has the role of primus inter pares

[1] The Federal Council is the collective head of state in Switzerland. The Federal President has the role of primus inter pares