List of operating systems

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a list of operating systems .

DOS and DOS based

DOS based on x86 ( DOS for IBM PC compatible)

  • CP / M-86 : official CP / M porting for 8086 processors from Digital Research
  • 86-DOS : CP / M copy for 8086 processors, from Seattle Computer Products
  • DOS Plus: CP / M-86 successor from Digital Research , compatible with CP / M and MS-DOS 2.11
  • DR-DOS : probably the most successful MS-DOS competitor, from Digital Research
    • Novell DOS 7: DOS from Novell , based on bought DR-DOS
    • Caldera OpenDOS 7.01: free DOS, Novell DOS bought by Caldera
    • Caldera DR-OpenDOS: Intermediate version as DR-OpenDOS 7.02
    • Caldera DR-DOS 7.02 / 7.03: DR-OpenDOS after a non-free license again, is now called DR-DOS again
    • Enhanced DR-DOS: developed by Udo Kuhnt from the free OpenDOS
  • FreeDOS : free and independent DOS; began when Microsoft announced the end of MS-DOS
  • PTS-DOS : a DOS from Russia, mainly for industrial purposes
  • BonnyDOS / 286 : A DOS variant for PCs from 286 processors
  • PC-MOS / 386 : MS-DOS compatible multitasking and multiuser operating system from "The Software Link"

Network server systems for DOS programs

MS-DOS-based with Windows as the graphical shell

Only with Win16 - API

Windows 9x series (MS-DOS with Win16 and Win32 API)

  • Windows 95 a, b, c (v4.0; code name: "Chicago", OSR2 "Detroit")
  • Windows 98 , Windows 98 SE (v4.1; code name "Memphis")
  • Windows ME (v4.9; code name "Millennium")

VMS-like

VMS

With VMS kernel

  • VMS Virtual Memory System : DEC operating system
    • VAX / VMS: Original VMS for VAX systems
    • MicroVMS: for MicroVAX computers
    • OpenVMS: new or updated name of VMS, which supports VAX as well as Alpha and now Itanium systems.

With a different kernel

  • FreeVMS : is an open source new development from OpenVMS on the basis of L4 / X2 .

Windows NT

All client systems have been available as 32-bit and 64-bit versions since Windows XP. Corresponding server operating systems are available for every NT-based version with the exception of Windows XP and Vista. The server versions were published separately for this purpose (Server 2003 and 2008).

New implementations of Windows NT through reverse engineering

  • ReactOS : free software, free of charge, is not based on Microsoft Windows, but 100% compatibility is sought.

Conditionally compatible systems with Win32

With Windows CE kernel

With new implementations of Win32 through reverse engineering

  • E / OS : aimed to be compatible with Microsoft Windows, Mac OS, BeOS, OS / 2, DOS and Linux. However, further development was discontinued.

Unix and Unix-like

AT&T UNIX

Historic commercial AT&T UNIX derivatives

Current commercial AT&T UNIX derivatives

Historic BSD line

Initially on code from UNIX time-sharing system V1 – V10 or system III and later based on derivations and first free implementations.

  • 2BSD to 4.4BSD : Further developments of UNIX Time-Sharing System V6 at the University of Berkeley (California);
    • 386BSD : Porting Bill Jolitz to 80386 processors;
    • BSD / OS (BSD / 386), commercial Unix operating system from Berkeley Software Design (BSDI);
    • MIPS OS: 4.2BSD derivative developed by MIPS Computer Systems ;
    • NeXTSTEP : 4.3BSD derivation for the NeXT computers ( m68k , x86, SPARC and HP-RISC) with a specially developed graphic environment;
      • OPENSTEP : re-implemented NeXTSTEP successor for different processor architectures;
        • Rhapsody : further development after Apple took over NeXT; 4.3BSD code has been replaced with 4.4BSD code;
    • RISC iX : Unix for Acorn Archimedes , 4.3BSD derivative;
    • Ultrix : UNIX from DEC for PDP-11 and VAX computers (later also MIPS workstations)

Current BSD line

Free re-implementations of the System V line and its modern successors.

  • NetBSD : first BSD spin-off / derivative, originally derived from 386BSD; modern BSD for many platforms;
    • NetBSD distributions
      • BlackBSD: Live CD ; specialized in safety tools; Fluxbox;
      • g4u : hard drive live CD
      • Jibbed : Live CD;
      • OS108: desktop operating system based on NetBSD;
    • NetBSD derivatives
      • OpenBSD : largest offshoot of NetBSD; see below;
      • Debian GNU / NetBSD : a combination of Debian and the NetBSD kernel; Discontinued in 2002;
      • EdgeBSD : NetBSD offshoot with the primary goal of being more modern in some aspects than NetBSD itself;
      • Force10 Networks FTOS: Operating system for switches / routers of the Force10 TeraScale E series;
      • Gentoo / NetBSD : a combination of Gentoo and the NetBSD kernel;
      • PolyBSD / pocketSAN: basic system for the construction of embedded systems;
      • SEOS: operating system of the SmartEdge router series from Ericsson;
  • FreeBSD : de facto synonymous with "BSD"; modern BSD and basic system for further distributions, derivatives and developments; originally derived from 386BSD;
    • FreeBSD distributions
      • m0n0wall : a firewall distribution;
      • NomadBSD: a live system (no installation required) for USB sticks
      • OPNsense : a (stateful) firewall / router distribution; supports LibreSSL and ASLR
      • pfSense : a firewall / router distribution
      • TrustedBSD : Extension with the main emphasis on security features
      • HardenedBSD: an extension with an emphasis on security features; Cooperation with OPNsense
    • FreeBSD derivatives
      • CellOS and OrbisOS: Operating systems of the PlayStation 3 and 4 from Sony
      • Darwin : common basic operating system for macOS , iOS etc .; see below
      • Data ONTAP: the operating system of NetApp storage systems
      • DesktopBSD : a workstation system with KDE as the graphic work environment
      • DragonFly BSD : Spin-off from FreeBSD 4.x
      • FuryBSD : After Project Trident (in future Void Trident) decided to use Void Linux instead of TrueOS / FreeBSD , part of the community founded FuryBSD with a focus on a fully graphical desktop OS
      • FreeNAS : designed for Network Attached Storage (NAS)
      • FreeSBIE: a live system with Xfce and Fluxbox ; was created during the Google Summer of Code 2005
      • JunOS: the operating system of Juniper Networks routers
      • Kylin : developed for Chinese authorities
      • MidnightBSD : with a graphical work environment based on GNUstep ; originally derived from FreeBSD 6.1 Beta
      • NAS4Free: designed for Network Attached Storage (NAS)
      • Picobsd : a minimized version of FreeBSD on a single disk fits - that is, less than 1.44 MB includes
      • TrueOS (formerly PC-BSD): a derivative that extends FreeBSD and optimizes the workstation system; on the one hand with the in-house development Lumina as the intended graphic work environment, on the other hand as a basic system for further distributions; Rolling release ; supports OpenZFS , LibreSSL
        • GhostBSD : originally FreeBSD, TrueOS-based from 18.10; MATE as the intended graphic work environment, originally Gnome
  • OpenBSD : modern and security-oriented BSD; originally NetBSD fork;
    • OpenBSD distributions
      • Anonymous.OS (OpenBSD 3.8, 2006 only)
      • FuguIta: Live CD with iceWM , which can also be installed on the hard drive
      • jggimi
      • MarBSD: rescue and test system in several variants (for i386, amd64 and sparc64)
    • OpenBSD derivatives
      • ÆrieBSD
      • MirOS BSD
      • Bitter
      • LibertyBSD
  • Darwin : Basic system ( English core operating system ) for Apple's current operating systems; Derivation of the BSD substructure from Rhapsody, 4.4BSD code replaced by FreeBSD code, also NetBSD and OpenBSD code;

Current Solaris line

  • Oracle Solaris : certified as UNIX 95, 98, 03 and V7;
    • OpenSolaris , 2008-2010;
      • illumos ; a free derivative of the discontinued OpenSolaris; Basic system for a wide variety of distributions:
        • DilOS : with Debian package manager dpkg and apt; x86-64, SPARC;
        • Dyson : combines the Debian userland with illumos and wants to become an official Debian port;
        • napp-it : ZFS storage server distribution for NAS or SAN etc .;
        • NexentaStor : optimized for virtualization, NAS, SAN etc. a .;
        • OmniOS : distribution specialized in server usage;
        • OpenIndiana : end-user distribution with MATE Desktop Environment ; x86, x86-64, SPARC;
        • OpenSXCE : Distribution especially for developers and system administrators; x86, x86-64, SPARC;
        • SmartOS : combines OpenSolaris technology with Linux KVM virtualization, for example for building clouds ;
        • Tribblix : Distribution with the look and feel of NeXTSTEP using Window Maker ; x86-64, SPARC;
        • v9os : minimalist server distribution; SPARC;
        • XStreamOS and variants: distributions for network infrastructure, cloud services, development etc .;

Systems certified as UNIX by SUS

Today the designation “UNIX” in capital letters is a word mark of the Austin Group , which may only be used for an operating system that meets the requirements of the Single UNIX Specification (SUS). Operating systems whose conformity to the specification has been certified and therefore may be designated as UNIX:

UNIX V7

for systems that comply with version 4 of the SUS (full compliance, including corrigenda)

  • Solaris 11.4+ on x86 and SPARC systems

UNIX 03

for systems that comply with version 3 of the SUS (full compliance)

  • AIX 5L V5.2 with some updates, AIX 5L V5.3;
  • HP-UX 11i V3 Release B.11.31;
  • macOS from Leopard 10.5 , on "Intel Macs" ( 32 and 64 bit)
  • Solaris 10 on x86 and SPARC systems (32 and 64 bit);
  • z / OS 1.9 from IBM;

UNIX 98

for systems that comply with version 2 of the SUS (partial compliance)

UNIX 95

Compatibility still acceptable for simpler software subsystems

UNIX 93

completely outdated

POSIX-compliant systems

The Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) is a standardized programming interface developed jointly by the IEEE and the Open Group for Unix , which represents the interface between application software and the operating system. POSIX forms the basis of the Single UNIX Specification.

GNU systems

The GNU operating system is largely POSIX-compatible, but deliberately not fully compliant. It runs on several kernels:

Systems with Linux kernel

Although most Linux distributions are a combination of the largely POSIX-compatible GNU and the Linux kernel , there are also distributions with a Linux kernel that do without GNU, above all Android ( versions ). They are not necessarily POSIX compatible.

Other unix-like systems

Other operating systems for end users

Desktop computer systems (for x86 processors)

  • AROS : Free implementation of AmigaOS (also 68000 and PPC)
  • AtheOS
  • CTOS : operating system of the company Convergent Technologies (historical)
  • Haiku : free re-implementation of BeOS
    Screenshot of Haiku
  • MenuetOS : very slim system created in assembler with a graphical user interface
  • KolibriOS : Fork from MenuetOS
  • OS / 2 : PC operating system from IBM, which was initially developed together with Microsoft
  • PROLOGUE: real multitasking and real multiuser operating system
  • SECOS
  • SkyOS
  • Syllable : Further development of AtheOS
  • SYSMIC: Micral operating system and forerunner of PROLOGUE
  • Thoroughbred OS: multiuser operating system based on the Intel 286 (historical)
  • TriangleOS
  • TWINServer: real multitasking and real multiuser operating system
  • Visopsys: minimal operating system
  • ZETA : BeOS derivative

Desktop computer systems (other processors)

Desktop computer systems (portable)

  • BeOS (68k, PPC and others) and its free re-implementation Haiku (x86, x86-64, unofficially ARM, formerly PPC)
  • GNU / Linux

PDA and smartphone operating systems

Screenshot of Android 10

Operating systems for mainframes and minicomputers

Mainframe systems

IBM 704, 709, 7090, 7094

IBM S / 360, S / 370, S / 390, zSeries

DEC PDP-10

Minicomputers and workstation systems

IBM MDT (medium data technology)

DEC PDP-11

Special systems

Embedded and real-time operating systems

Systems from universities and research institutions

Chip card operating systems

Other operating systems

Early operating systems (historical)

Home computer systems (mostly historical)

  • AmigaOS : Operating system for Commodore Amiga home computers
  • Apple home computer operating systems
  • CAOS: Operating system for KC 85
  • GEOS : Various platforms, originally Commodore C64
  • LUnix : Free operating system for the Commodore 64
  • MiNT : Multitasking system for Atari computers
  • MSX-DOS: Floppy operating system of the MSX home computer
  • OS / M : CP / M-compatible system from the GDR
  • QDOS: for Sinclair QL
  • RISC OS : System for ARM processors from Acorn
  • TOS : Operating system, originally for Atari ST home computers

8-bit systems for small computers (historical)

  • CP / M (Control Program for Microprocessors): System for Intel 8080 (or Zilog Z80 ) processors
  • Flex : 8-bit operating system for 6800 and 6809 processors
  • ISIS and ISIS-II: 8-bit operating system for Intel 8080 and 8085 processors
  • MP / M : Single Processor Multitasking / Multiuser CP / M
  • SIOS: Simultaneous Operating System for U880 processors

Small systems, learning systems, etc.

Microkernel

Java-based operating systems ( middleware )

  • JavaOS : Java-based system from Sun Microsystems
  • MIDP (Mobile Information Device Profile): Java-based system for mobile phones (no operating system in its own sense)
  • Multimedia Home Platform (MHP): Java-based system for interactive television (not an operating system in its own sense)
  • OSGi (Open Services Gateway initiative): Java-based framework as application platform (no operating system in its own sense)
  • JNode (Java New Operating System Design Effort)
  • JX : microkernel operating system implemented almost entirely in Java

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ NomadBSD. January 12, 2018, accessed on February 15, 2018 (English): "NomadBSD is a live system for flash drives, based on FreeBSD"
  2. ↑ Rob Williams, Sony PlayStation 4 OS Reported As Modified Version of FreeBSD 9. Nethothardware.com, June 24, 2013, accessed June 26, 2013 .
  3. ↑ Jürgen Donauer: Orbis OS: Sony PlayStation 4 runs with modified FreeBSD 9. bitblokes.de, June 24, 2013, accessed on October 28, 2014 .
  4. ↑ NetApp Data ONTAP with FreeBSD Base: Open Source Contributions. netapp.com, accessed March 23, 2016 .
  5. ↑ FuguIta homepage ( Memento of the original from January 18, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / kaw.ath.cx
  6. ↑ MarBSD homepage ( Memento of the original from December 8, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / openbsd.maroufi.net
  7. ^ The Open Group: Oracle Corporation - UNIX V7. In: The Open Brand Register. The Open Group, April 10, 2018, accessed September 2, 2018 .
  8. ↑ Mac OS X Leopard - Technology - UNIX . In: Leopard Technology Overview . Apple Inc .. Retrieved June 11, 2007: "Leopard is now an Open Brand UNIX 03 Registered Product, conforming to the SUSv3 and POSIX 1003.1 specifications for the C API, Shell Utilities, and Threads."
  9. ^ The Open Group: Mac OS X Version 10.5 Leopard on Intel-based Macintosh computers certification . Retrieved June 12, 2007.
  10. ^ The Open Group: Mac OS X Version 10.13 High Sierra on Intel-based Macintosh computers certification. Accessed December 12, 2017 .
  11. ↑ http://www.opengroup.org/openbrand/register/apple.htm
  12. ↑ Solaris 2.5.1 ( Memento of the original from September 12, 2005 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ocf.berkeley.edu
  13. ↑ On the POSIX conformity of BSD / OS ( Memento from July 14, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (in the Internet archive )