Moonlight (2016)

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Movie
German title Moonlight
Original title Moonlight
Moonlight Film Logo.png
Country of production United States
original language English
Publishing year 2016
length 111 minutes
Age rating FSK 12
Rod
Director Barry Jenkins
script Barry Jenkins,
Tarell Alvin McCraney (Story)
production Adele Romanski ,
Dede Gardner ,
Jeremy Kleiner
music Nicholas Britell
camera James Laxton
cut Nat Sanders ,
Joi McMillon
occupation
synchronization

Moonlight is an American film drama by Barry Jenkins from the year 2016 , the on In Moonlight Black Boys Blue look of Tarell Alvin McCraney is based, a work that is autobiographical. The film tells the story of a gay African American growing up in three chapters . It was released in selected US cinemas on October 21, 2016. The German theatrical release took place on March 9, 2017.

At the 2017 Academy Awards , the film was nominated in eight categories. It won the Best Picture Award, and Jenkins and McCraney won the Best Adapted Screenplay Award . In addition, Mahershala Ali was named Best Supporting Actor. This makes Moonlight the first film with an LGBT protagonist to win an Oscar for Best Picture . As part of the Golden Globe Awards in 2017 was Moonlight as the Best Drama award.

action

Chapter 1: Little

The nine-year-old Chiron, an African American slightly built, lived in the 1980s in Miami , miles away from the famous white beaches and clear warm waters of South Beach in an area that is marked by violence and in the many crack are addictive. At school, the shy boy is bullied because of the way he walks and speaks, and in the schoolyard he is ridiculed as Little . Only a boy named Kevin encourages Chiron not to let the others get him down and shows him how to defend himself. At home, too, life is devastating for Chiron, because his drug-addicted mother Paula cannot help him find his way through life.

Juan, a Cuban immigrant and drug dealer, becomes something of a surrogate father for Chiron. He takes him under his wing and gives him the emotional affection he never had. Juan finds the boy as he is on the run from classmates in an empty building. Because he cannot get Chiron to speak, he invites him to dinner and then takes him home with him, where he lives with his girlfriend Teresa. Chiron is still hungry, but just as taciturn as before. You let Chiron sleep with you for one night. The next day, Juan brings the boy back home. There they meet Chiron's mother, who explains to Juan that her son can take good care of himself.

On the beach in Miami , where parts of the film were shot, Little has a special experience in the water

A few days later, Juan comes home and sees Chiron sitting in his garden. He takes the boy on a trip to the beach, gives him swimming lessons and lets him experience what it is like to let yourself go and to feel at the center of the world for once. Juan tries to boost the boy's confidence with a metaphorical image that black boys look blue in the moonlight. In the following, Chiron often seeks refuge with Juan and Teresa, but later learns that his mother is one of Juan's customers.

Chapter 2: Chiron

Seven years later, Chiron is a lot taller than the Little he used to be, but still thin and clumsy. His mother's drug problems have worsened, but Teresa is there for him when he needs her - however, Juan has since passed away. Chiron's high school is also attended by Kevin, who is known in his clique for his strength and who brags about his stories of women. When the two happened to meet at night on South Beach and smoke a joint together, Chiron had his first sexual experience with Kevin.

Terrel, the "alpha" of the high school, notices that Chiron is different and keeps berating him in the school yard. Soon this is no longer enough for him and he plans to humiliate him in front of the whole school. Terrel asks Kevin of all people to a kind of test, which is supposed to be to beat up Chiron. Kevin believes that he can easily knock Chiron to the ground and end the fight quickly, but his friend keeps getting up. The next day, Chiron takes revenge on Terrel, comes to school furiously, enters the classroom, brutally knocks Terrel down with a chair and is then taken away by the police.

Chapter 3: Black

About ten years later, Chiron lives in Atlanta , where he served his time in a juvenile detention center. He now looks like a typical " pimp ", wears golden grills , has the same diamond earrings and a similarly muscular body as Juan once did and has given himself the name Black - that's what Kevin used to call him. His mother is staying in an Atlanta former drug addict facility. Chiron is plagued by nightmares in which he is a child again and is yelled at by his crack-high mother. One day he receives an unexpected call from Kevin, who is also grown up. The two have not seen each other since that fateful day in high school. Kevin now has a young son, but is recently divorced and now works as a cook in a diner. During a visit to Black's mother's house, she explains to him that she loves him, even if she doesn't expect him to do the opposite, since she was never there for him when he needed her most. She tries to get her son to talk about his feelings and problems, but Black can't do that with her.

One day Black spontaneously drives to Miami and visits the diner where Kevin works. The latter does not recognize him at first because he remembers his former friend as a thin, fragile boy. He cooks him a dish that isn't on the menu, they drink red wine, and Kevin plays the song on the jukebox for Black that made him call - Hello Stranger , an old doo-wop song by Barbara Lewis . Then they drive together through the night city to Kevin's apartment. Although Chiron seems to have become a "whole man" and a little like Juan, he continues to struggle for the right words because he has still not quite figured out how to express his feelings. But when Kevin asks him how he's been and if he has a partner, Black admits that Kevin is the only person who has ever touched him.

Film analysis

Structure of the film and key scenes

The film is divided into three chapters, each dealing with a formative phase in the life of the main character. The chapters bear the name of the protagonist in the corresponding period. The first chapter is called Little from the name the boy is called in school, the second is called Chiron , which corresponds to his real name, and the third chapter is called Black , a name his best friend gave him as a child. The three chapters build on each other according to a “ triptych narrative”: Each individual chapter is often described by critics as a conceivable, independent short film that could be shown independently of the others, but together the three parts are much larger than the individual chapters .

Critics repeatedly highlight key scenes in the film in which the characters reveal their deeper character and reveal their special functions in relation to Chiron's life. This includes in particular the scene on the beach in Miami in the first part of the film, in which Little receives rudimentary swimming lessons from Juan (often described as a baptism scene or baptism scene ). Here Juan also shows the boy that he can trust him. According to Mahershala Ali, child actor Alex R. Hibbert really learned to swim while filming. Shortly thereafter, the scene follows in which Chiron makes it clear to Juan that he, as a drug dealer, is to blame for the catastrophic family situation with his drug addict mother.

Biblical and mythological origins of the role names

Cheiron and Achilles

The names of the characters in the film refer to their function and character. Chiron shares its name with the immortal centaur Cheiron from Greek mythology. The son of the titan Kronos and thus a half-brother to Zeus , Poseidon and Hades , was considered an outsider in both worlds. The parallels to Chiron in the film Moonlight are clearly recognizable, because he is also different from the others around him, and his mother Paula also disappears, as she falls on drugs in front of our eyes in the course of the film, but also seems to fall off herself as Verena Lueken from the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung tells in her review. Cheiron is promoted in Greek mythology by the gods Apollo and Artemis, who teach him the art of healing, music and divination. In Moonlight , Chiron also finds surrogate parents, namely in Juan and Teresa.

The character - portrayed by three different actors in the film - is called Little in the first third of the film , then she is called Chiron , which corresponds to the actual name, and in the last chapter, as an adult, he calls himself Black . The figure goes through a process of transformation, whereby the essence of Chiron remains recognizable under the increasingly hard shell, while he changes greatly on the outside, which is seen in the film as an understandable reaction to what has been experienced and a natural development. Jenkins remarks about Chiron's transformation that when his name is Black, he has become what the world wants him to be. Despite the cast of Chiron with three actors in the different stages of life, critics noted that Jenkins had succeeded in finding actors who had similarly anxious-looking eyes in the recordings, in which Chiron's pain was reflected, which made it credible that it was itself about the same person whose development you see in the film.

Juan is the Spanish equivalent of the name John . It was John the Baptist who had numerous followers among the Jewish people, baptized Jesus of Nazareth , and is seen as his pioneer. The scene in which Juan teaches the young Chiron (Little) to swim in Moonlight is often described by critics, but also by the staff itself, as a kind of baptism that is reminiscent of Jesus and John the Baptist. According to Jenkins, making the scene look like a baptism was not in the script, but was designed spontaneously. Mahershala Ali said of his role that sometimes the parents of a child who has not found their place in society do not succeed in instilling self-esteem, but key people who step into someone's life at the right time, like him as Juan enters the life of Chiron.

In another key role, Kevin is an important person in Chiron's life. Its special function is particularly evident in the romantic scene on the beach, because for Chiron, who has not been intimate with anyone before, a kiss represents a completely new form of interpersonal encounter, and Kevin's shoulder, on which he lays his head, becomes for the most intimate place imaginable.

Topic analysis

Homosexuality and Identity Finding in the Afro-American Subculture

"We feel Chiron's loneliness, his search for support and experience immediately what it means to discover his homosexuality - in an environment in which being gay is taboo."

- Anne Kruger from Fluter

Even before Chiron is old enough to understand the term homosexuality, his classmates seem to label him as gay. About ten years later it has changed completely from the outside, but Chiron's development does not end there, according to Peter Debruge in Variety . The last third of the film shows how Chiron, who has now become a typical “ pimp ”, deals with his masculinity - which ultimately enables him to control his future.

Brian Josephs of Spin notes that the black body is constantly being "brutalized" in art as in life, which is why it is cathartic for a black audience to see it beautifully human and watch pure humanity be recognized. Hanns-Georg Rodek from Welt Online provides an explanation . In his criticism, he refers to the history of blacks in America, which began with submission. When slavery ended, it was incredibly important for them not to submit again, and to behave “manly” and stop showing weakness became a matter of life or death. Moonlight, on the other hand, tries to show that being black does not rule out femininity or homosexuality, even if the Jenkins he quoted said: “Where I come from, being black and gay are mutually exclusive.” Actor André Holland said: “Black men in this one Land often has to bury their feelings, bury their vulnerability, not just for convenience, but also for survival. "His colleague Trevante Rhodes, who plays Black, told People, " Being a black man in the US is relatively difficult right now Being a gay man in America is incredibly difficult, so being a black gay man can be considered the worst at the moment. "

Black Queer Cinema in Hollywood

Philipp Hanke refers to Louise Wallenberg, who, in her article on Black Queer Cinema, attests that Afro-American and queer figures in Hollywood cinema are still marginalized. This persistent homophobia is not only rooted in the white-dominated mainstream culture, but also in Afro-American communities. In her book New Black Queer Cinema , Wallenberg notes that while white-dominated culture has generally left little room for black portrayals, it must be pointed out that the homophobic attitude emanating from the black community is another reason why so few portraits of gays and lesbians have been produced.

It is also difficult to imagine that an equally conducted, more explicit study of sexuality among African Americans would have received as much recognition, according to the Guardian's Guy Lodge . He wonders whether the film had to do without the explicit portrayal of gay sex in order to be accepted by a wide audience: “Because although the portrayal of the film about emerging alternative sexuality may be beautifully articulated and modulated, there is a measure of the caution that his broader acceptance has enabled him so far: It's a gay romance with no sexual acts on screen. "

In general, stories of colored people in the LGBT community have been largely ignored or at least pushed into the background in the past, according to Benjamin Lee from Guardian , who also refers in this context to Roland Emmerich's Stonewall , which whitewashed his story. Kirsten Taylor from the film service also writes that when the film sheds light on an African-American, queer reality, it is a topic that is still rarely seen in the cinema. This is how Moonlight breaks Hollywood's previous neglect of African-American male sensibilities, which would normally be suppressed by macho stereotypes, explains Armond White in the National Review , referring to other predecessors embodied by Denzel Washington and Samuel L. Jackson .

production

Literary template and staff

The film is based on the play In Moonlight Black Boys Look Blue by Tarell Alvin McCraney
Barry Jenkins directed the film and adapted McCraney's play

The film is based on the play In Moonlight Black Boys Look Blue by Tarell Alvin McCraney . In three chapters, McCraney tells the story of Chiron, who grew up as an African-American with a broken childhood in the midst of the crowds and drug war of the 1980s in Miami. McCraney describes the life of Chiron as a child, as a teenager and finally as an adult. However, the piece was never performed.

McCraney describes his loved ones as a patchwork himself in his youth , and at a press conference following the film's premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival in September 2016, he said a neighborhood drug dealer taught him to ride a bike. Blue , the man's name, was dating his mother at the time and was friendly and very affectionate towards him, almost as if he had been his own son. McCraney was five or six years old and had never seen any man encounter him in this way, including his own father. McCraney was aware that Blue was a drug dealer and his mother was a drug addict, but he accepted what and how they were, and they accepted him for who he was. As a child, McCraney said he wanted to go to ballet school, he loved going around in circles, crossed his legs when he sat down, and he didn't walk as if he had just got off a horse. Blue created a safe space for him in the neighborhood. A few years later he was found shot dead.

After receiving his Bachelor of Fine Arts from DePaul University and his Masters degree from Yale University , McCraney wrote the script for the short film Day N Night Out in 2010 , in which he himself played the role of The Boy Who Looks and received in 2013 the MacArthur Fellowship .

The director took Barry Jenkins , and Moonlight is his second feature film Medicine for Melancholy . Jenkins, who describes an early version of McCraney's work as a mixture between a play and a film script and who also did the work on the script adaptation for the film, begins to tell the story with Little , who first as a child and later as a teenager with various problems that puberty brings with it, has to fight and which he transforms into Black in the third chapter of the film . Jenkins adapted McCraney's template, which was continuously jumping back and forth in time. Nevertheless, Jenkins dispenses with a clear, progressive course of time in the course of the film and shows the viewer, through a conveyed atmospheric subjectivity, an impressionistic vision of Chiron's psyche, in which not only lust, but also great pain is at home, and shows the unhealed wounds the focus of the film. Jenkins wrote the screenplay during his stays in Brussels and Berlin three years before the film was released.

The collaboration between McCraney and Jenkins was already known in 2012. The two, who are roughly the same age, grew up not far from each other, in the same neighborhood in Miami . Both mothers were addicted to drugs. Jenkins' mother became infected with HIV and has lived with the infection for a long time. McCraney's mother, however, later died of complications from AIDS . Jenkins is straight, McCraney is gay. The film was jointly produced by A24 , the film production company Plan B Entertainment, founded and run by Brad Pitt , and Adele Romanski . James Laxton , who is married to Romanski, acted as cameraman . A24 took over the marketing and distribution of the film.

Cast and dubbing

The people in the film, including extras, are exclusively African American and Latinos. Ashton Sanders plays Chiron in the film, Alex R. Hibbert took on the role of Chiron in the first third of the film when he is called Little , and Trevante Rhodes plays him as an adult when he calls himself Black . Since Jenkins was convinced by the book In the Blink of an Eye by Walter Murch , which he had read during his studies, that eyes are the window to the soul, he chose the three actors less for similarities in their facial features, but for their same Charisma. The same feeling in her eyes should guarantee a believable, continuous development of the character. Naomie Harris can be seen in the role of Chiron's mother Paula. Mahershala Ali , who was filming the television series Luke Cage and House of Cards at the same time, took on the role of drug dealer Juan. For Janelle Monáe in the role of his girlfriend Teresa, it is the first big appearance in a film for the actual soul and funk singer. Jaden Piner plays 9-year-old Kevin, Jharrel Jerome plays him as a 16-year-old and André Holland as an adult. Patrick Decile made his debut in the film in the role of Terrel, the alpha animal of Chiron's class, who notices that something is different about him and verbally punishes him for it.

actor Voice actor role
Ashton Sanders Sami El-Sabkhawi Chiron
Alex R. Hibbert Oliver Szerkus Chiron as Little
Trevante Rhodes Marios Gavrilis Chiron as Black
Mahershala Ali Falilou Seck Juan
Jaden Piner Jan Philipp Jäschke Kevin, 9 years old
Jharrel Jerome Patrick Roche Kevin, 16 years old
André Holland Tim Knauer Kevin, grown up
Janelle Monáe Maja Maneiro Teresa
Naomie Harris Vera Teltz Paula
Shariff Earp Tim Sander Terrence
Duan Sanderson Marcel Collé Azu
Edson Jean Frank Schaff Mr. Pierce
Patrick Decile Jesco Wirthgen Terrel

The three actors who shared the role of Chiron did not meet during the filming, nor did the three actors who played Kevin in his individual stages of life. Jenkins hadn't allowed them to do this because he didn't want them to influence each other or unconsciously coordinate their behavior in front of the camera. However, Jenkins had made sure to choose three actors with similar eyes when casting so that their looks look the same, while Chiron himself gets older in the film. The six actors from Chiron and Kevin first met at the premiere of the film.

The role of Paula, who was to resemble Jenkins' own mother in many nuances, was of particular importance in the film. The recordings, in which Naomie Harris can be seen as Chiron's mother of different ages, had to be shot within three days because she, the only non-American actress involved in the film, was issued a work visa for only a few days was. Harris, who says she neither smokes nor drinks alcohol, but plays a crack addict in the film, had watched documentaries about drug addicts in preparation for her role. Jenkins said of Harris, who is the only character in all three chapters of the film, that as an Englishwoman she played the drug-addicted mother in a way that reminded him very much of his own mother, and she worked in the role like she grew up in the Hoods.

The German synchronization of the film was created by Christa Kistner Synchronproduktion based on a dialogue book and directed by Antonia Ganz.

Shooting and coloring

A building in Liberty Square in Miami

Filming began in mid-October 2015 in Miami , which is also the location of the film. They found there to 25 days of shooting in the Liberty Square Neighborhood held by the people colloquially Pork & Beans (German pork & beans ) is called and in the McCraney and Jenkins also grew up. The shooting with the child actors took place exclusively on weekends.

Part of the film was shot in the Liberty Square housing project in Miami

Regarding the location, the director said: “ Miami Vice wasn't shot in Pork & Beans . In an environment where people want to do illegal things, they turn off street lights. We had these bright spotlights for the movie set. People were happy that there was light and they could let their children out to play. ”Liberty Square is a 753-unit public apartment complex in Miami. The housing project on Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard in Liberty City in 1937 was the first of its kind for blacks in the southern United States. The neighborhood has the highest concentration of African Americans in southern Florida .

An ARRI Alexa XT was used for the shooting . The camera pans , according to Jenkins, are inspired by the episode film Three Times by Hou Hsiao-Hsien , especially in the scene in the diner in chapter three.

Laxton worked with the colorist Alex Bickel, who gave the images the desired mood by coordinating brightness, color and gradation. Before shooting began, Bickel had already determined how far Laxton can minimize the contrasts without losing details and depth of color, especially when the faces of the actors, all of whom had a dark complexion , were in shadow. Based on the work of color scientist Bill Feightner, Bickel developed lookup tables that he and Laxton could work with. Each chapter of the film was given its own character. In the first chapter, the colors appear warmer, with the skin tones in particular being re -colored by adding cyan . In the second chapter greenish-blue tones created a different effect, in the third chapter the recordings were given more shine.

The subsequent film and sound editing were carried out with the help of an Atomos Samurai, a field recorder , and with the support of Wildfire Studios in Los Angeles.

Film music

The film music was composed by Nicholas Britell and consists mainly of violin and cello pieces, but other classical instruments such as a piano and an oboe were also used for the recording. On the one hand, Jenkins wanted orchestral music for his film; on the other hand, when he started working with Britell, he noticed that Britell shares his interest in chopped-and-screwed music. This is a remix technique of hip hop music that originated in the southern United States. Tracks are deliberately played more slowly and parts of the song are repeated several times. The words are spoken more deeply and offer the voice more space to develop. Britell could imagine using classical instruments for film music and applying this technique to it or transferring it to film music. Even if none of the titles is hip-hop, many of them make use of its elements. The violins and cellos were played by members of the New York Philharmonic .

An example of how this technique has found its way into film music is made by Britell with Chiron's theme , the basic melody of which appears in several parts of the film. In the first chapter it can be heard in the form of Little's Theme and is still played classically by piano and violin. This melody is modulated in the further course of the film, its pitch shifted downwards and a little distorted. In the second chapter of the film it is played during the fight in the schoolyard, where it can be heard three octaves down in the low frequency range . In the third chapter the theme appears again and is played here by cellos.

In the opinion of many critics, the combination of the classical orchestral score and the chopped-and-screwed technique resulted in a unique composition. In December 2016, the soundtrack was included in the list of candidates (longlist) at the Academy Awards 2017 in the category Best Film Music , from which the members of the Academy will determine the official nominations.

David Rooney of The Hollywood Reporter also describes the rest of the music selection as excellent, because the pieces varied widely over the course of the film and often stand in illuminating contrast to the scenes shown. For example, the opening sequence of the film features a passage from Boris Gardiner's song Every Nigger is a Star from 1973, which Jenkins said once wanted to express the beauty of black people, Kevin presses Hello Stranger in the diner on the jukebox by Barbara Lewis , and elsewhere a piece by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart is played.

The soundtrack for the film was released in digital form by Lakeshore Records on October 21 and was released on CD on November 25, 2016. Some of the songs heard in the film, such as One Step Ahead by Aretha Franklin and Cucurrucucú paloma in a version by Caetano Veloso , are not included on the soundtrack.

Marketing and Publishing

In a trailer published on August 11, 2016, Barry Jenkins had the main character Juan (played by Mahershala Ali in the film ) express what his film is all about: “At some point, you gotta decide for yourself who you gonna be; and let nobody make that decision for you. ”(German:“ At a certain point you have to decide for yourself who you want to be; and don't let anyone else make that decision. ”) Unlike many other films, it was common Britell's film music is also added to the trailer.

A film poster released in August 2016 shows the actors Ashton Sanders , Alex R. Hibbert and Trevante Rhodes in a montage that shows Chiron and Little or Black, as he is later called or calls himself, within a face.

Barry Jenkins , Andre Holland and Ashton Sanders at the 2016 Toronto International Film Festival

The film premiered on September 2 at the Telluride Film Festival and celebrated its international premiere on September 10, 2016 as part of the competition in the Platform section of the Toronto International Film Festival . From October 2, 2016, the film was presented at the New York Film Festival . The film was shown at the London Film Festival from October 6, 2016 as part of the Official Competition. On October 13, 2016, the film opened the 11th Festa del Cinema di Roma, where it was shown for the first time in the Sala Sinopoli of the Auditorium Parco della Musica . On October 16, 2016, the film was presented at the Colony Theater in Miami Beach , not far from the area where Jenkins grew up and the film was also shot.

The film distributor is A24 and released the film in selected US cinemas in New York and Los Angeles on October 21, 2016. The film was shown in 36 cinemas from October 28, 2016 and in 83 cinemas nationwide from November 4, 2016, including in Miami , Jacksonville , Nashville and Chicago . These are cities that also have larger African American neighborhoods, or hoods for short . Jenkins said this was an attempt to not get the Hoods into the arthouse , but the arthouse into the Hoods. At the same time, according to Jenkins, orchestral music is also brought to the Hoods in this way. In the first few weeks after the premiere, in particular, many cinemas in the USA offered panel discussions with film critics, academics, spokesmen for associations or parts of the film staff after the film was shown.

Mars Films has the distribution rights for the film in France, while Altitude Film Distribution has taken over the distribution for the United Kingdom and Ireland. On January 20, 2017, Moonlight celebrated its German premiere in the Filmtheater am Friedrichshain in Berlin . In mid-February 2017, a German trailer was released, which was underlaid with the original music of the US trailer. On March 9, 2017, DCM released the film in Germany and Switzerland.

reception

Age rating

Age ratings in different countries disagreed on how they rated the film. While Moonlight in the US was approved by the MPAA for sexuality, drug use, a little violence and many expletives from the age of 17, the British can see it from the age of 15 and Swedes from the age of 11. In France, the film was released without any age restriction. In Germany the film is FSK 12 . The statement of reasons for the release states: “Haunting depictions of conflicts, violence and drug abuse as well as the sometimes vulgar language can irritate and overwhelm children under the age of 12. But 12-year-olds are able to assign these aspects to the living conditions shown and to distance themselves sufficiently. The story of a difficult growing up and sexual self-discovery opens up to them, so that they can also evaluate ambivalent and gloomy aspects of the film independently. "

Reviews

The film was able to convince 98 percent of the critics at Rotten Tomatoes , which corresponds to the best rating for a film of 2016. The consensus there says that Moonlight used the story of a man to cast a remarkable and brilliantly worked out look at life, which is far too rarely seen in the cinema. On Metacritic , Moonlight even achieved the highest possible score of 100 points and took first place in the ranking of the best films of 2016. Besides Boyhood, it is the only feature film of the 21st century that was able to achieve the maximum Metascore . The British film magazine Sight & Sound named Moonlight one of the Top 10 Best Movies of the Year and the American Film Institute's Top 10 list of AFI Movies of the Year .

The critics praised the direction, the camera work, the script and all the actors in the film, but especially the three actors from Chiron, who managed the character's continuous development. Moonlight has been described by critics as a masterpiece in many ways, and has been described as a milestone that other, not just African-American, filmmakers should orientate themselves on. After its premiere at the Telluride Film Festival and its screening at the Toronto International Film Festival in September 2016, the film quickly became a potential Oscar nominee , and Barry Jenkins was a possible candidate for an award in the category of Best Director as well as for his work on the screenplay brought into conversation. In general, critics also recognized great Oscar potential in camera work. Scott Feinberg of The Hollywood Reporter sees Laxton's work as promising to be nominated for an Oscar in the category of Best Cinematography , but critics also saw good opportunities for Joi McMillon and Nat Sanders in the category of Best Film Editing . Other critics are of the opinion that Laxton has created an aesthetic purely by hand with his work that should have a lasting impact on future cameramen. The acting performances of Naomie Harris in the role of drug addict mother Paula and of Mahershala Ali in the role of drug dealer and substitute father Juan have been widely regarded as Oscar-worthy. Both later received a number of nominations and awards for their performances.

Naomie Harris plays Chiron's drug addict mother, Mahershala Ali, here at the premiere of the film in Toronto, playing his surrogate father Juan Naomie Harris plays Chiron's drug addict mother, Mahershala Ali, here at the premiere of the film in Toronto, playing his surrogate father Juan
Naomie Harris plays Chiron's drug addict
mother, Mahershala Ali , here at the premiere of the film
in Toronto , playing his surrogate father Juan

Eric Kohn of independent film magazine IndieWire describes how Moonlight investigates the plight of a young black man who finds himself in the world and wrestles with his gay identity as he grapples with the stresses of his class and broken family have to fight. According to Kohn, the gaps between the words and the ongoing struggle to find the right words gave the story a special power. Despite his first sexual contact with Kevin, Kohn said, Jenkins didn't overestimate Chiron's apparent homosexuality in the film. Rather, sexuality is portrayed as an alien impulse to which the boy turns in a world opposite to him. The film is not a gay film , but rather an execution of what it is like to feel out of place. Kohn says the film combines the melancholic power of repressed sexuality that Brokeback Mountain and Carol used with the fine textures of burgeoning masculinity in Boyhood .

Kristopher Tapley of Variety founded, the universal conflict of the film with the theme of identity and how to fit into this world, leave the film in the course of #OscarsSoWhite controversy shrouded for this award, especially in the category Best Picture , and he calls the film an important element and a continuation of the Black Lives Matter movement .

Brian Tallerico calls Moonlight a necessary American film . The film is both lyrical and connected to its characters, which is a balancing act that is breathtaking to watch. It is one of those rare films that permanently focused on the characters. According to Tallerico, the film also deals with universal, complex topics such as identity , sexuality , family and above all the topic of masculinity , which are reflected by the characters. Screencrush's Erin Whitney notes that Jenkins never pitied his main character, Chiron, or made him a victim , making a poetic film masterpiece one of the most compelling of the year. Patrick Heidmann von Männer describes Moonlight as a highly concentrated character study that, far removed from coming-of-age clichés or the dramaturgy of conventional coming-out stories, shows the pain of growing up and the laborious finding of a male, black and gay identity. Jared Sexton of the University of California notes that one point further explored in Moonlight is that the African American's normative pursuit of coherent social identity is here disrupted by the physical changes, expressions of gender identity, and preferences.

Andreas Borcholte from Spiegel Online explains the cast with exclusively black actors: “There is no white person in Moonlight , because it is a story that is not primarily aimed at the ethnic antagonist, but at the black community itself, with the aim of to bring about a healing process from within, to get rid of the bondage of prescribed role models and identities. "

Alexandra Seitz from epd Film writes that Jenkins mainly works dramaturgically with scenes in which two people act together. This would not necessarily be verbose, but her words would have weight, as did the pauses, which are not just silence, but in which feelings and thoughts resonate. These interactions are always about the difficulty of communicating honestly with one another and establishing sincere contact across an abyss filled with fear and insecurity. The cast is central to the success of this balancing act, and it is perfect, says Seitz.

Bret Easton Ellis , the openly gay writer for American Psycho , thinks the film is overrated. Moonlight invested excessively in Chiron's pain, without which the film would not exist, even if people like him, with the uncertainty in their black hyper masculinity and the enormous instability of black life in general, do exist.

Recommendation for teaching use

Philipp Bühler from the online portal kinofenster.de writes about a possible use in the classroom, it could be analyzed how Chiron's career is determined by external circumstances and which stereotypes of masculinity he has to contend with. As a rare example of a film with an exclusively African-American cast, the coming-of-age story is also suitable for understanding current Hollywood discussions on the topic of diversity : “How can people from social, ethnic and sexual minorities be better represented in the cinema? What universal messages does a film like Moonlight convey for the entire audience? ”In the film-language analysis, the avant-garde soundtrack can also be addressed, which, like the entire film, refuses to be categorized easily.

Gross profit

When the film opened in four US cinemas in New York and Los Angeles on October 21, 2016 , it grossed a total of 402,075 US dollars on its opening weekend, an average of 100,519 US dollars. This was the highest pro-cinema grossing of a film of the year in the US to date, and the cut was similar to that of films like Birdman averaging $ 106,099 or Brokeback Mountain averaging $ 109,485 per cinema. Scott Mendelson of business magazine Forbes highlights this result as exceptional in view of the small budget of the film, a comparatively unknown director and a largely completely unknown or at least little-known cast, and the film made history as a result. In the weeks that followed, the number of cinemas showing the film was gradually increased to 1,104 nationwide. The total worldwide theatrical revenue for the film is currently $ 65.1 million. So far, the film has had 451,868 visitors in Germany.

Awards (selection)

The film and its participants received a large number of nominations and awards, including several awards at the 2017 NAACP Image Awards , an award at the Atlanta Film Critics Society Awards 2016, the Audience Award at the Atlantic Film Festival 2016, several awards at the Dallas-Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards 2016, multiple awards at the Chicago Film Critics Association Awards 2016 , including Best Picture and Best Director , and a USC Scripter Award for Best Adapted Screenplay of the Year for Barry Jenkins . At the 2017 Academy Awards , Moonlight received nominations in eight categories, including Best Picture , Best Director and Best Adapted Screenplay . With its award for best film, Moonlight is the first LGBT film in the history of the Academy Awards to receive this award. The following list contains a selection of the most famous award ceremonies.

American Society of Cinematographers Awards 2017

British Academy Film Awards 2017

British Independent Film Awards 2016

  • Award for Best Foreign Independent Film (Barry Jenkins)

Critics' Choice Movie Awards 2016 (December)

Directors Guild of America Awards 2017

  • Nomination for Best Film Production 2016 (Barry Jenkins)

Golden Globe Awards 2017

Gotham Independent Film Award 2016

  • Award for best feature film
  • Award in the Best Screenplay category
  • Awarded the audience award
  • Award of the ensemble with the Special Jury Prize

Guldbaggen 2018

Independent Spirit Awards 2016

  • Award for best film
  • Award in the category Best Director (Barry Jenkins)
  • Award in the Best Screenplay category
  • Award in the Best Camera category
  • Award in the Best Film Editing category
  • Received the Robert Altman Award

London Critics' Circle Film Awards 2017

London Film Festival 2016

  • Nomination for Best Picture (Barry Jenkins)

Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards 2016

National Board of Review Awards 2016

National Society of Film Critics Awards 2017

New York Film Critics Circle Awards 2016

Academy Awards 2017

Producers Guild of America Awards 2017

  • Nomination for The Darryl F. Zanuck Award (Adele Romanski, Dede Gardner and Jeremy Kleiner)

Satellite Awards 2016

  • Nomination for best film
  • Nomination for Best Director (Barry Jenkins)
  • Award for Best Original Screenplay (Barry Jenkins)
  • Nomination for Best Cinematography (James Laxton)
  • Nomination for Best Film Editing (Joi McMillon and Nat Sanders)
  • Award for Best Supporting Actress (Naomie Harris)
  • Nomination for Best Supporting Actor (Mahershala Ali)

Screen Actors Guild Awards 2017

  • Award for Best Supporting Actor (Mahershala Ali)
  • Nomination for Best Supporting Actress (Naomie Harris)
  • Nomination for best acting ensemble in a film

Toronto International Film Festival 2016

  • Nomination for the Platform Prize (Barry Jenkins)

Writers Guild of America Awards 2017

  • Award in the category Best Original Screenplay (Barry Jenkins)

Academy Awards mistake

At the 2017 Academy Awards , there was a historically unique incident because the two presenters Warren Beatty and Faye Dunaway were apparently handed a wrong envelope. First, the film La La Land was named as the winner. It wasn't until the crew of the film was already on stage giving their acceptance speeches that the mistake was noticed. La La Land producer Jordan Horowitz resolved the situation by showing the correct envelope and proclaiming, “There was a mistake: Moonlight , you guys won the best movie. That's no joke, Moonlight won the award for best film. "

Web links

Commons : Moonlight  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Release certificate for Moonlight . Voluntary self-regulation of the film industry (PDF; test number: 166161 / K). Template: FSK / maintenance / type not set and Par. 1 longer than 4 characters
  2. ↑ Alex Billington: Telluride 2016: Barry Jenkins' 'Moonlight' is Stellar Cinematic Beauty In: firstshowing.net, September 3rd
  3. ↑ a b Murtada Elfadl, Manuel Betancourt and Nathaniel R: 'Moonlight' in Three Acts In: thefilmexperience.net, October 17, 2016.
  4. ↑ Todd VanDerWerff: TIFF 2016: Moonlight is one of the year's best films. ( Memento from October 30, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) In: politicsforum.online, September 14, 2016.
  5. ↑ a b Rubin Safaya: Moonlight In: cinemalogue.com, November 4, 2016.
  6. ^ AA Dowd: One of 2016's best, 'Moonlight' unfolds a coming-of-age story with poetic grace In: avclub.com, October 20, 2016.
  7. ↑ Why it's worth going to the cinema for 'Moonlight' In: Stern Online, March 9, 2017.
  8. ^ Lexicon of film terms. Key scene In: filmlexikon.uni-kiel.de. Retrieved October 29, 2016.
  9. ↑ Mekado Murphy: Barry Jenkins Narrates a Scene From 'Moonlight' In: The New York Times, November 24, 2016.
  10. ↑ a b c Andreas Borcholte: Film review for the Oscar winner. Why 'Moonlight' is the best movie of the year In. Spiegel Online, March 6, 2017.
  11. ↑ Verena Lueken: A dream light for a new world In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, March 8, 2017.
  12. ↑ E. Alex Jung: The Hidden Significance of 'Moonlight's' Chiron In: vulture.com, October 25, 2016.
  13. ↑ Hilton As: 'Moonlight' Undoes Our Expectations In: newyorker.com, October 24, 2016.
  14. ↑ Barry Jenkins brings 'Moonlight' to Studio q In: youtube.com. Retrieved November 1, 2016.
  15. ↑ David Edelstein: The Wonderful Moonlight Is a Moody, Gentle Story of Identity in 3 Acts In: vulture.com, October 19, 2016.
  16. ↑ Will Leitch: Moonlight: The Path Not Taken. Barry Jenkins's beautiful, sympathetic film is one of the best of the year In: newrepublic.com, October 20, 2016.
  17. ↑ Sara Stewart: 'Moonlight' illuminates a different, tough boyhood In: nypost.com, October 20, 2016.
  18. ↑ Kenneth Turan: Review Barry Jenkins' magical, majestic 'Moonlight' is a stunning portrait of young, black gay life In: latimes.com, October 20, 2016.
  19. ↑ Pete Hammond: 'Moonlight' Review: Moving Story Of Self-Discovery Should Resonate At Oscar Time In: deadline.com, October 25, 2016.
  20. ↑ David Fear: 'Moonlight': How an Indie Filmmaker Made the Best Movie of 2016 In: rollingstone.com, October 21, 2016.
  21. ↑ Dwight Brown: Moonlight In: The Huffington Post, October 18, 2016.
  22. ↑ a b c d Ricky Camilleri: Barry Jenkins, Naomie Harris And Andre Holland Discuss Their Film 'Moonlight' In: BUILD Series on Youtube. Retrieved October 23, 2016 (video)
  23. ^ Anne Thompson: 'Moonlight' and 'Luke Cage' Breakout Mahershala Ali on the Power of Diverse Roles In: indiewire.com, October 20, 2016.
  24. ↑ Kyle Buchanan: Moonlight and the Desire to See Men Kiss Onscreen In: vulture.com, October 26, 2016.
  25. ^ A b Anne Krüger: Black and gay director Barry Jenkins tells in "Moonlight" about the difficulty of accepting one's own sexuality - in an environment in which being gay is taboo. In: Fluter, March 9, 2017.
  26. ^ Peter Debruge: Film Review: 'Moonlight'. In: Variety, September 2, 2016.
  27. ↑ Brian Josephs: 'Moonlight' Is a Stunning Deconstruction of Black Masculinity In: spin.com, October 21, 2016.
  28. ↑ a b Hanns-Georg Rodek: Oscar winner Jenkins: 'Where I come from, being black and gay are mutually exclusive' In: welt.de, February 27, 2017.
  29. ↑ Corey Atad: Why André Holland Knew He Couldn't Turn Down a Movie Like 'Moonlight'. In: Esquire, October 24, 2016.
  30. ↑ Catherine Kast: Moonlight's Breakout Star Trevante Rhodes on Sexuality: 'I Easily Could Have Been Born Loving Men' In: people.com, October 21, 2016.
  31. ↑ Philipp Hanke: "Moonlight isn't all about sex - and it's all the more queer for it": Visibility and new aesthetic potentials in contemporary queer cinema. In: online journal culture & gender # 21 (2018) (PDF; 925 KB)
  32. ^ Louise Wallenberg: New Black Queer Cinema . In: Michele Aaron (Ed.): New Queer Cinema. A Critical Reader. Edinburgh 2004, pp. 128–144, here p. 129.
  33. ↑ Guy Lodge: Does Moonlight show gay cinema has to be sexless to succeed? In: The Guardian, January 5, 2017.
  34. ↑ Benjamin Lee: Moonlight review - devastating drama is vital portrait of black gay masculinity in America In: The Guardian, September 3, 2016.
  35. ↑ Kirsten Taylor: Moonlight: Gripping drama about a sensitive African American who grows up in a "problem area". In: epd film. Accessed May 31, 2020.
  36. ↑ Armond White: Moonlight: A Plea for Pity for a Black, Gay Statistic. In: National Review, October 22, 2016.
  37. ↑ a b Mark Olsen: Watch: Barry Jenkins' anticipated indie drama 'Moonlight' starring Mahershala Ali and Janelle Monáe In: Los Angeles Times, August 11, 2016.
  38. ↑ Sharon Waxman, 'Moonlight' Debuts to Rapturous Applause, Tears in Emotional Screening at Toronto Film Festival In: thewrap.com, September 11, 2016.
  39. ↑ For Film's Creators, 'Moonlight' Provided Space To Explore A Painful Past In: npr.org, October 19, 2016.
  40. ↑ Tarell McCraney In: macfound.org. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  41. ^ A b Michael E. Miller: Barry Jenkins and Tarell Alvin McCraney Teaming Up To Make Film About Liberty City In: miaminewtimes.com, March 15, 2012.
  42. ↑ a b Moonlight ( Memento from September 6, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) In: tiff.net. Retrieved September 4, 2016.
  43. ↑ Will Stephenson: Where's The Next Film, Barry? In: thefader.com. Retrieved October 29, 2016.
  44. Jump up ↑ AO Scott: Barry Jenkins on 'Moonlight,' a Tale of Black America and Personal Adversity In: The New York Times, September 6, 2016.
  45. ↑ a b Rebecca Keegan: Telluride Film Festival audiences take a shine to Barry Jenkins' 'Moonlight' In: Los Angeles Times, September 4, 2016.
  46. ↑ Eric Kohn: Brad Pitt's Plan B Team Explains How They Discover Bold Films Like 'Moonlight' and 'Lost City of Z' In: indiewire.com, October 15, 2016.
  47. ↑ Dave McNary: A24 Teams With Brad Pitt's Plan B for 'Moonlight' In: Variety, August 24, 2015.
  48. ↑ Brandon Harris: Inside Looking Out: Barry Jenkins on 'Moonlight' In: filmmakermagazine.com, October 20, 2016.
  49. ↑ Rebecca Keegan: To give birth to 'Moonlight,' writer-director Barry Jenkins dug deep into his past In: Los Angeles Times, October 21, 2016.
  50. ↑ Jens Hinrichsen: An encounter with director Barry Jenkins. In: Filmdienst, March 7, 2019.
  51. ↑ Emily Buder: 'Moonlight': Barry Jenkins on Why the Exquisite Film Nearly Killed Him In: nofilmschool.com, October 10, 2016.
  52. ↑ a b Gregory Ellwood: Mahershala Ali Fell In Love With 'Moonlight' While Juggling 'Luke Cage' And 'House of Cards' In: theplaylist.net, October 26, 2016.
  53. ↑ a b Sasha Stone: Moonlight: A Light Called Human Life (review) In: awardsdaily.com, September 5, 2016.
  54. ↑ Kyle Buchanan: Moonlight's Barry Jenkins on Directing One of the Best Films of the Year In: vulture.com, October 21, 2016.
  55. ↑ 'Moonlight' Star Says Film's 'Vulnerable' Characters Resonate: 'They're Black, Brown, Queer' In: Variety, September 23, 2016.
  56. ↑ Joey Nolfi: Moonlight director on filming his first sex scenes: 'It kept me up at night' In: Entertainment Weekly, October 5, 2016.
  57. ↑ A slang term for a place where plenty of shit goes down like gangbangin, drug dealin, killin, a place where you wouldnt want to be like South Central Los Angeles, South Bronx, Queensbridge, Southside Houston, Brooklyn, parts of Queens, Philly etc. with African American population www.urbandictionary.com
  58. ↑ Dave McNary: Naomie Harris, Andre Holland, Mahershala Ali to Star in 'Moonlight' In: Variety, October 21, 2015.
  59. ↑ Silas Lesnick: Moonlight Cast Announced as Production Begins In: comingsoon.net, October 21, 2015.
  60. ↑ Rene Rodriguez: Miami plays a starring role in the glorious 'Moonlight' In: miamiherald.com, October 21, 2016.
  61. ↑ Francisco Alvarado: Alleged Gang War Has Liberty City Under Deadly Siege In: miaminewtimes.com, July 10, 2012.
  62. ↑ Strategic Plan In: miamigov.com. Retrieved September 5, 2016 (PDF; 1.3 MB)
  63. ^ Matt Mulcahey: A One-Camera Show: DP James Laxton on Moonlight. In: filmmakermagazine.com, November 18, 2016.
  64. ↑ a b Farihah Zaman and Nicolas Rapold: Song of Myself.Barry Jenkins confirms his talent with a heartwrenching and gorgeous portrait of a man grappling with his sexuality in a rough corner of Miami In: Film Comment, September / October 2016 issue.
  65. ↑ Chris O'Falt: 'Moonlight' Glow: Creating the Bold Color and Contrast of Barry Jenkins' Emotional Landscape. Cinematographer James Laxton and colorist Alex Bickel break down how they created the look of this year's breakout indie; plus exclusive images In: indiewire.com, October 26, 2016.
  66. ^ Iain Blair: The A-List: Moonlight director Barry Jenkins In: postperspective.com, October 25, 2016.
  67. ↑ Nicholas Britell Scoring 'Moonlight' In: filmmusicreporter.com, July 11, 2016.
  68. ↑ Jeremy Kay: Production focus: Barry Jenkins's 'Moonlight' In: screendaily.com, September 10, 2016.
  69. ^ A b Daniel Schweiger: Interview with Nicholas Britell In: Film Music Magazine, October 19, 2016.
  70. ↑ a b c Ashley Clark: 'Moonlight' Director Barry Jenkins on Bringing 'Art House to the Hood' In: vice.com, October 20, 2016.
  71. ↑ Peter F. Ebbinghaus: Out Soon: Nicholas Britell's Original Soundtrack for 'Moonlight' In: soundtracksandtrailermusic.com, October 21, 2016.
  72. ↑ 145 Original Scores In 2016 Oscar Race In: oscars.org, December 13, 2016.
  73. ↑ David Rooney, 'Moonlight': Telluride Review In: The Hollywood Reporter, September 2, 2016.
  74. ↑ Sam Fragoso: 'Moonlight' Telluride Review: Barry Jenkins Tracks a Tragic Childhood in Powerful Sophomore Film In: thewrap.com, September 2, 2016.
  75. ↑ Moonlight is a beautifully nuanced gay coming-of-age tale. ( Memento from October 23, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) In: canban.biz, September 15, 2016.
  76. ↑ Edward Davis: Exclusive: Stream Nicholas Britell's Beautiful 'End Credits Suite' From The 'Moonlight' Soundtrack In: The Playlist, October 20, 2016.
  77. ↑ 'Moonlight' Soundtrack Announced In: filmmusicreporter.com, October 19, 2016.
  78. ↑ Anupa Mistry, Patrick D. McDermott, Cord Jefferson, and Jason Parham: Why 'Moonlight' Is A Small Miracle Of A Movie. Barry Jenkins's audacious coming-of-age drama is a personal and poetic story about black queerness In: thefader.com, October 20, 2016.
  79. ^ Moonlight In: soundtrack.net. Retrieved October 30, 2016.
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  81. ↑ Wilson Morales: Exclusive: Composer Nicholas Britell On Creating The Music For 'Moonlight' In: blackfilm.com, October 28, 2016.
  82. ↑ Moonlight In: critic.de. Retrieved September 5, 2016.
  83. ↑ Wilson Morales: Official Poster And Trailer To Barry Jenkins' Moonlight In: blackfilm.com, August 10, 2016.
  84. ↑ Kate Erbland: TIFF Announces Platform Titles, Including 'Jackie', 'Moonlight', 'Daguerrotype' and More In: indiewire.com, August 11, 2016.
  85. ↑ Wilson Morales: Barry Jenkins' Moonlight Among Main Slate of the 54th New York Film Festival In: blackfilm.com, August 9, 2016.
  86. ↑ a b The 60th BFI London Film Festival in partnership with American Express® announces full 2016 program In: bfi.org.uk, September 2, 2016.
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  88. ↑ Madeleine Marr: Two red carpet movie premieres in Miami In: miamiherald.com, October 17, 2016.
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  92. ^ 'Moonlight': Post-screening discussion with Dwayne Jenkins (Nashville Black Pride), Brian Marshall (Oasis Center), Nicholas Weaver (Meharry Wellness Center) and Terrance Dean (Vanderbilt University) In: belcourt.org. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
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  94. ↑ Leo Barraclough: 'Moonlight' Sells to Altitude in UK, Ireland In: Variety, November 7, 2016.
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  98. ↑ The gay sex scene has to go. 'Moonlight' is only censored in India In: queer.de, February 17, 2017.
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  112. ↑ Barry Hertz: The Oscar race starts in Toronto - but who's running? In: The Globe and Mail, September 5, 2016.
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  117. ↑ Michael Fairbanks: 'Moonlight' is the powerful LGBTQIA historic piece we've been waiting for In: thepantheronline.com, October 29, 2016.
  118. ↑ Kyle Buchanan: The Unsettled, Unsettling Oscars. Controversy and uncertainty make this one of the most wide-open awards seasons in years In: vulture.com, August 28, 2016.
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  138. ↑ Nick Allen: Chicago Film Critics Awards Celebrate 'Moonlight', 'Manchester by the Sea', 'The Handmaiden' In: rogerebert.com, December 17, 2016.
  139. ↑ Scott Feinberg: USC Scripter Awards: Why It Matters That 'Moonlight' Won (Analysis) In: The Hollywood Reporter, February 12, 2017.
  140. ↑ Joseph Walsh: the director barry jenkins speaks about “moonlight”, the best film of the year. In: Vice, February 27, 2017.
  141. ↑ Patrick Hipes: ASC Awards: Cinematographers Unveil Film Nominees In: deadline.com, January 11, 2017.
  142. ↑ Leo Barraclough: BAFTA Film Award Nominations: 'La La Land' Leads Race In: Variety, January 9, 2017.
  143. ↑ Nancy Tartaglione: British Independent Film Awards: 'American Honey' & 'Under The Shadow' Glow - Full Winners List In: deadline.com, December 4, 2016.
  144. ↑ Gregg Kilday: 'La La Land,' 'Arrival,' 'Moonlight' Top Critics' Choice Nominations In: The Hollywood Reporter, December 1, 2016.
  145. ↑ Scott Feinberg: Critics' Choice Awards: How They May Have Helped to Focus the Oscar Race In: The Hollywood Reporter, December 11, 2016.
  146. ↑ DGA Film Nominees Include Nate Parker, 'Deadpool's' Tim Miller, Barry Jenkins, Damien Chazelle In: The Hollywood Reporter, January 12, 2017.
  147. ↑ Luca Celada: The 74th Golden Globe Nominations: La La Land, Moonlight And Emerging TV Talent In: goldenglobes.com, December 12, 2016.
  148. ↑ Ramin Setoodeh: 'Moonlight' Sweeps the Gotham Awards, Winning Best Film In: Variety, November 28, 2016.
  149. ↑ 2017 års nomineringar In: guldbaggen.se, 4th January 2018.
  150. ↑ Moonlight and American Honey lead Film Independent Spirit awards nominations In: The Guardian, November 22, 2016.
  151. ↑ Alexander Börste: Independent Spirit Awards for Oscar winners Moonlight and Toni Erdmann In: moviepilot.de, February 27, 2017.
  152. ↑ Nancy Tartaglione: 'Moonlight', 'Love & Friendship' Lead London Critics' Circle Nominations In: deadline.com, December 20, 2016.
  153. ↑ Ross A. Lincoln and Greg Evans: Los Angeles Film Critics Name 'Moonlight' Best Picture Of The Year In: deadline.com, December 4, 2016.
  154. ↑ Hilary Lewis: 'Manchester by the Sea' Named Best Film by National Board of Review In: The Hollywood Reporter, November 29, 2016.
  155. ↑ Here Are the 2017 Oscar Nominations In: time.com, January 24, 2017.
  156. ↑ Hilary Lewis and Ashley Lee: 2017 PGA Film Nominees Include 'Deadpool,' 'Moonlight,' 'La La Land'; 'Westworld,' 'Stranger Things,' 'Atlanta' Among TV In: The Hollywood Reporter, January 5, 2017.
  157. ↑ Jazz Tangcay: Satellite Nominations Announced In: awardsdaily.com, November 29, 2016.
  158. ↑ Precursor: 21st Satellite Awards In: cinemasight.com. Retrieved January 11, 2017.
  159. ↑ Dave McNary: Mahershala Ali Says 'I Am a Muslim' After Winning SAG Supporting Actor Award for 'Moonlight' In: Variety, January 29, 2017.
  160. ↑ Tracy Brown: Screen Actors Guild Awards nominations 2017: Complete list of nominees In: Los Angeles Times, December 14, 2016.
  161. ↑ Michael Roffman: 2017 SAG Awards Winners: The Complete List In: consequenceofsound.net, January 30, 2017.
  162. ↑ Erik Pedersen, Jeremy Gerard, Matt Grobar and Nellie Andreeva: WGA Awards: 'Moonlight' & 'Arrival' Win Top Film Prizes; FX's 'Atlanta' & 'The Americans' Lead TV - Complete Winners List In: deadline.com, February 19, 2017.
  163. ↑ 'Moonlight' wins the Oscar for best film In: Zeit Online, February 27, 2017.


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