Nyons

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Nyon's
Niom
Nyons coat of arms
Nyons (France)
Nyons
region Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
Department Drôme
Arrondissement Nyons
Canton Nyons et Baronnies (main town)
Community association Baronnies en Drôme Provençale
Coordinates 44 ° 22 ′  N , 5 ° 8 ′  E Coordinates: 44 ° 22 ′  N , 5 ° 8 ′  E
height 234-940 m
surface 23.45 km 2
Residents 6,793 (January 1, 2017)
Population density 290 inhabitants / km 2
Post Code 26110
INSEE code 26220
Website www.nyons.com

View of Nyons

Nyons ( Occitan NIOM ) is a southern French town and a municipality with 6793 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the department of Drôme in the region Auvergne Rhône-Alpes . It is the capital (French: chef-lieu ) of the arrondissement of the same name and the capital of the canton of Nyons et Baronnies .

location

View from the Col du Ponthias pass in Nyons into the Eygues Valley

The small town, located about 250 to 290 m high, is located on the river Eygues about 52 km southeast of Montélimar or 42 km or 71 km northeast of Orange and Avignon in a valley basin surrounded by mountains. Enclosed between the low mountain ranges of Essaillon , Garde Grosse , Saint-Jaume and Vaux , a particularly mild climate develops here, to which the town owes its nickname Petit Nice ('Little Nice').

Population development

year 1800 1851 1901 1954 1999 2016
Residents 2724 3590 3638 3637 6723 6742

The enormous increase in population in the last decades of the 20th century is mainly due to immigration triggered by rural exodus.

economy

Agriculture

Nyons specialty is its olives and the olive oil pressed from them . There has been a protected designation of origin ( AOC ) for both since 1994 . Furthermore, wine is grown in the area around Nyons, which is sold under the appellations Drôme , Méditerranée , Comtées Rhodaniens , Côtes du Rhône and Côtes du Rhône Villages .

Handicrafts

The last Scourtin factory can still be visited in Nyons . The scourtins are mats made from vegetable fibers that were originally used to extract olive oil; the ground fruit was squeezed between these mats. Since there was no longer any demand for such filters, there has been a move towards making decorative saucers and small woven carpets in the same traditional way.

tourism

Today Nyons and the surrounding area live mainly from tourism. Numerous jobs in the hotel and catering industry were created.

history

An equation with the non-localizable Celtic city ​​of Nyrax must be viewed as pure speculation. In the Gallo-Roman era, the area of ​​Nyons was assigned to the city of Vaison-la-Romaine (Latin: Vasio ). However, it is not certain whether there was already a settlement there at that time. The place name Niomes is first mentioned in 972 in a deed of donation from the Nyons churches of Saint-Vincent and Saint-Ferréol to the Saint-Césaire monastery in Arles . This monastery exercised the manorial rule (seigneurie) for a long time , until the lords of Montauban established a foothold there at the beginning of the 13th century.

In 1315, the city finally came to the Dauphiné (a French province that roughly comprised the present-day departments of Isère, Drôme and Hautes-Alpes), to which it belonged until the French Revolution . From the end of the 13th century, the city grew very quickly. It benefited from the Papal Palace in Avignon , many Italian traders and a large Jewish community. Like the whole area, Nyons also suffered from the Huguenot Wars in the 16th and 17th centuries , as a large part of the population was Protestant .

Attractions

Pont roman
  • Nyons is home to a variety of sights, including the Pont de Nyons (pont roman) from 1409, a single-arched bridge with a 43 m span and 18 m height that spans the Eygues river on the edge of the old town. The bridge has been recognized as a monument historique since 1925 .
  • The castle (château) dates back to the 8th century; the buildings that have been preserved but are privately owned date from the 13th and 14th centuries. They have been recognized as a monument historique since 1983 .
  • Nyons has an imposing old town that dates back to the 13th and 14th centuries. The central Place du Docteur Bourdongle dates from the 15th century .
  • The Saint-Vincent church is first mentioned in the 10th century; the current building dates back to the 17th century, but was completely restored in 2009/10. The Romanesque-looking nave contains several paintings from a former recollect monastery .
  • The Protestant temple was built in the ruins of the recollect monastery in the first half of the 19th century.
  • The Tour Randonne was built at the end of the 13th century; At that time it served as a defense tower (donjon) and prison. Around the middle of the 19th century it was converted into a chapel (Notre-Dame de Bon-Secours) and received its pyramidal multi-storey gable top with a 3.50 m tall statue of Mary on top.
  • The city gate Porte de la Pomme with the Ancien Clocher bell tower is another historic building.
  • Nyons has three museums: the Musée d'Archéologie et d'Histoire de Nyons et des Baronnies , the Musée d'Olivier and the Scourtinerie de Nyons , which still makes mats in the tradition of the Scourtins .
  • The aroma garden (Jardin des Aromes) , established in 1983, extends along the Eygues and includes numerous aromatic and aromatic plants from the Mediterranean region.

Town twinning

Personalities

Web links

Commons : Nyons  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Nyons - climate tables
  2. ^ Nyons - viticulture
  3. ↑ Pont sur l'Eygues, Nyons in the Base Mérimée of the French Ministry of Culture (French)
  4. ↑ Château Vieux, Nyons in the Base Mérimée of the French Ministry of Culture (French)