Saint-Mesmin (Vendée)
| Saint-Mesmin | ||
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| region | Pays de la Loire | |
| Department | Vendée | |
| Arrondissement | Fontenay-le-Comte | |
| Canton | Les Herbiers | |
| Community association | Pays de Pouzauges | |
| Coordinates | 46 ° 48 ′ N , 0 ° 44 ′ W | |
| height | 142–248 m | |
| surface | 26.28 km 2 | |
| Residents | 1,766 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 67 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 85700 | |
| INSEE code | 85254 | |
| Website | www.saintmesmin.fr | |
Saint-Mesmin is a commune with 1,766 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in Vendée in the region of Pays de la Loire . It belongs to the Pays de Pouzauges municipal association .
geography
This part of the Vendée is located in the Vendée «Hoch- Bocage », near the borders of the «Gâtine» area in the Deux-Sèvres department .
The height ranges from 142 meters to 248 meters on the granite massif of the municipality, the average height is 178 meters.
The municipal area covers 2,646 hectares.
Saint-Mesmin is located 64 kilometers east of La Roche-sur-Yon , 43 kilometers south of Cholet , 80 kilometers southeast of Nantes , 20 kilometers southwest of Bressuire and 7.7 kilometers northeast of Pouzauges on the eastern border between the Pays de la Loire and Nouvelle-Aquitaine in the Haut- Bocage , part of the Bocage vendéen .
The Sèvre Nantaise flows through the municipality.
Place names
Saint-Mesmin from the Latin " Sancti Maximini ".
history
12th Century
In 1179 the names of the churches of Saint-Mesmin-le-Vieux “ ecclesiam Sancti Maximini veteris ” and Saint-André-sur-Sèvre “ ecclesiam Sancte Andree super separim ” appear on a list among 127 other churches, confirmed in a papal possessions Bull of Pope Alexander III. to the Abbey of Saint-Jouin-de-Marnes , Diocese of Poitiers.
13th Century
De Montfaucon is lord of Saint-Mesmin and built the castle
On May 10, 1276, the de Montfaucon family is mentioned for the first time as Lord of Saint-Mesmin: "en la cour de Jean de Montefalconis, militis, Domini Sancti Maximini" is synonymous with "In the court of Jean de Montefalconis, knight, lord Saint-Mesmin ».
The arms of the De Montfaucon family are: «Vert a lion of gold».
The castle was built in the middle of the 13th century; Although the castle has no architectural features of that time, the archaeological finds are similar to the 13th century.
14th Century
Hundred Years War
In 1360, at the beginning of the century of the conflict between the Plantagenets and the Kapetians , some of which took place in Poitou, Normandy and Aquitaine, during the Hundred Years War against the English and the French Jehan de Montfaucon on March 20th , says knight and lord of the country of Saint-Mesmin, and Le Terrier, in the commune of Mouilleron-en-Pareds , Vouvant and Mervent .
Royal decree of July 19, 1367
A royal decree of July 19, 1367 prescribed to fortify the strongholds of Poitou.
The castle, which was built in the middle of the 13th century, really stands to consolidate this fortress.
Fortification for war, but also to press the unemployed mercenaries to rape in peacetime who are looting the countryside and gangs peddling in diseases, waiting to serve an army a king who would resume the conflict. Five underground refuges have been inventoried to place said: Purchain, Montboisé the Audrière das Raue, the Limouzinière.5
In 1370, Pierre de Montfaulcon, knight, married Jeanne de Bazoges; her daughter, Ide, is the wife of William II of Appelvoisin, Knight of the Order of Tiercelet, Lord of Appelvoisin (Saint-Paul-en-Gâtine, 79) and Wood Chapeleau (La Chapelle-Thireuil 79) who accompanied by 1385 Guillaume L'Archeveque, father of Parthenay, served.
Following the order of 1367, Pierre De Montfaucon carried out important fortification works on the castle of Saint-Mesmin, between 1372 and 1375.
15th century
Successive families lords of Saint-Mesmin and the castle
16th Century
In 1513 - the Du Plessis de la Bourgognière family. Louise de Montfaucon, daughter of Jacques de Montfaucon and Marie de Feschal, marries Charles Du Plessis de la Bourgognière.
In 1575 - De Vaudrey de Saint-Phal family. The rule goes through the marriage in the De Vaudrey de Saint-Phal family, which remains until 1650.
17th century
In 1650 - the Petit de la Guierche family. On March 7, 1650 Gilbert Petit, knight, councilor to the king, acquired the land of Saint-Mesmin near Georges de Vaudrey de Saint-Phal.
18th century
Petit de la Guierche makes Saint-Mesmin a marquisate.
In 1705 - Hardy Petit de la Guierche is without a doubt the origin of the margraviate of the castle.
Alexis-Henry Petit is the only child of Marie and Hardy Petit. In a tribute to the Paris Court of Auditors in 1717, he declared that he owned the Marquis of Saint-Mesmin.
From 1755 to the French Revolution - Vasselot family. In 1755, Alexis-Françoise Petit Messire married Jacques-René-Francois-Marie de Vasselot, knight and lord, Marquis dAnne-Marie.
Vendée uprising
1793 transition of the columns of hell ("Colonnes Infernales") to Saint-Mesmin
In 1793 the Château de Saint-Mesmin was a base for General Louis Marie Turreau, who with his troops, called Colonnes infernales ("Columns of Hell"), plagued the Vendée during the Vendée uprising .
The castle was on fire, only one old lady from Vasselot, who was occupied during the revolution, was killed.
1794 fire in the castle
In January 1794, a division of the pillars of hell under the orders of Brisset burned the castle.
In 1796 the castle was attacked and besieged by 40 Vendéens
There were 250 soldiers of the Revolutionary Guard in the castle . About forty Vendeen, led by Louis Péault, sergeant and gamekeeper of the Margraviate of Saint-Mesmin, attacked a republican detachment of 250 men commanded by Adjutant General Cortez. After a counterattack, Cortez tries to encircle the Vendeen, who retreat to the castle of Saint-Mesmin, where they hold on to themselves.
From February 21 to 24, the attacks by the Republican troops were inconclusive. But for lack of food, the Vendeans are ready to surrender. They are promised lifesavers. The forty or so Vendées were taken to La Chataigneraie, where the Chief of Staff Bonnaire ordered a military council to be formed to try and shoot them, despite the prospect of their lives saved.
Fortunately, General Hoche, Commander in Chief of the Western Forces, warned of the incident, demanded and obtained respect for the terms of surrender from his subordinates. The Vendeen were then directed to Fontenay-le-Comte, then to Noirmoutier, where they remained until the end of the war.
20th century
During the First World War the castle served as a hospital .
Attractions
The Château de Saint-Mesmin consists of a main building from the 13th century, with a keep 28 meters high from the 15th century and a chapel from the 16th century. The castle is now privately owned and can be visited in summer. In 2006 it had over 15,000 visitors. Since 1988 it has been entered in the supplementary directory of the Monuments historiques (historical monuments).
economy
Important branches of industry for Saint-Mesminois are agriculture and cattle breeding . There is an agricultural cooperative on site.
literature
- Le Patrimoine des Communes de la Vendée. Flohic Editions, Volume 2, Paris 2001, ISBN 2-84234-118-X , pp. 795-799.
Web links
- Website of the Château de Saint-Mesmin in English
Individual evidence
- ↑ Saint-Mesmin on annuaire-mairie.fr (French). Retrieved October 13, 2009.
- ^ Website of the Château de Saint-Mesmin in French.
- ↑ Saint-Mesmin on the website of the CC Pays de Pouzauges (French). Accessed on October 13, 2009.
- ↑ Saint-Mesmin in Base Merimée (French) Retrieved October 13, 2009.
- ↑ Annuaire des artisans on saintmesmin.com ( Memento of the original from April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. in French.
