Aisch

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Aisch
The Aisch near Adelsdorf

The Aisch near Adelsdorf

Data
Water code EN : 2428
location

Bavaria

River system Rhine
Drain over Regnitz  → Main  → Rhine  → North Sea
source at Schwebheim
49 ° 28 ′ 27 ″  N , 10 ° 21 ′ 9 ″  E
Source height 319  m above sea level NHN
muzzle near Trailsdorf in the Regnitz coordinates: 49 ° 46 '53 "  N , 11 ° 0' 32"  E 49 ° 46 '53 "  N , 11 ° 0' 32"  E
Mouth height 244  m above sea level NHN
Height difference 75 m
Bottom slope 0.9 ‰
length 83 km
Catchment area 1,006.8 km²
Discharge at the Laufermühle
A Eo gauge: 956.04 km²
Location: 13 km above the mouth
NNQ
MNQ
MQ
Mq
MHQ
HHQ (1941)
300 l / s
1.39 m³ / s
4.84 m³ / s
5.1 l / (s km²)
64.3 m³ / s
360 m³ / s

The Aisch is an almost 83 km long left and southwest tributary of the Regnitz in Central and Upper Franconia .

Surname

It was wrongly assumed that the origin of the name Aisch (Carolingian Eisce and Eisge , in a document from 1129 Aisca ) in its original connotation means rich in fish . The actual etymology of the name as the clear one gets by comparing it with Lithuanian áiškus for clear . In the 17th and 18th centuries the body of water was also written "Aysch".

geography

Aischquelle

The source of the Aisch

The Aisch rises about one and a quarter kilometers south of the center of Schwebheim and about five kilometers southwest of Bad Windsheim from a gypsum karst spring . About 600 m after the intersection of the B 13 Marktbergel – Schwebheim with the B 470 there is a parking bay on the B 13, from which the Aisch spring is only about 50 m away. There are further source outlets around this. The source is identified by the Bavarian State Office for the Environment as geotope 575Q003, see also the list of geotopes in the district of Neustadt an der Aisch-Bad Windsheim .

In January 2020, the district office Neustadt an der Aisch / Bad Windsheim determined that the source of the Aisch had dried up after the steep decline in the previous year. A water level probe was attached for measurement. The reasons for this have not yet been clarified.

course

In Illesheim the Aisch flows after about 2 km into the almost 15 km long Ens , which is often viewed as the upper course due to its greater length. The Aisch is directed in Bad Windsheim by the Franconian Open Air Museum and flows via Neustadt an der Aisch and Höchstadt an der Aisch near Trailsdorf (north of Forchheim ) into the Regnitz.

It finally opens at an altitude of about 244  m above sea level. NHN near Trailsdorf from the southwest and left into the Regnitz.

Its 83 km long run ends 75 meters below its source, so it has an average bed gradient of 0.9 ‰.

Tributaries

Table of the inflows from the source down. Length and catchment area according to the official list of waters or according to the BayernAtlas, heights on this queried.
Location information for the mouth relative to the mouth and the Aisch:
up  = upwards, in  = in, downwards.  = downward, vs.  = opposite, at  = at, n.0.  = next place
Location information for the source relative to the source location and the inflow:
up  = up, in  = in, at  = at, n.0.  = next place

Selection. For comparison with the Aisch itself.

Surname GKZ location Length
in km
EZG
in km²
Mouth Mouth height
in m above sea level NHN
Source location Source height
in m above sea level NHN
Remarks
Lobster's Trench 242811 ... right approx.  06.600 approx.  0019.400 Illesheim - Aischmühle  dev. 31700000 Marktbergel - Munasiedlung  n.O. 44600000 with upper course from Nutzbach ; at the mouth much longer and richer in catchment area than the Aisch
Ottenbach / Ainbach 242812 Left0 approx.  015.900 approx. 0057.300 Illesheim  opposite. 31400000 Steinsfeld - Urphershofen  asc. 48300000 The main line includes the longer upper course Ens , for which the source is also named; in any case much longer at the mouth than the Aisch
Scheckenbach 242813… right approx.  04.300 approx.  0018.000 Illesheim- Gackenmühle at 31200000 Illesheim- Illesheim  at 33800000 with a longer (but not the longest) upper course Kehrbach
Rannach 242814 Left0 approx. 012.700 approx. 0044.000 Bad Windsheim  up. 31000000 Ergersheim - Ermetzhofen  up. 41000000
Eschersbach 242816… right about  01.200 approx.  0001.100 Bad Windsheim  nO 30700000 Bad Windsheim  nO 31800000 flows into the right arm of the Alte Aisch
Linkenbach 242816… right approx.  08.800 approx.  0011.400 Bad Windsheim  nO 30500000 Obernzenn - Breitenau  n.O. 42800000 flows into the right continuation of the Aisch flood canal of the Alte Aisch arm, which has already flowed back here ; several section names from the source pond of the Alder Trench
Underground hole trench 242815 ... right approx.  00.800 approx.  0000.200 Bad Windsheim- Lenkersheim  up. 30400000 Bad Windsheim-Lenkersheim  nO 30500000
Pipe trench 242815 ... right approx.  03.100 approx.  0004.600 Bad Windsheim-Lenkersheim  dev. 30300000 Ipsheim - Weimersheim  at 34900000 maybe left branch of the uppermost Maiheimer trench
Kühwasengraben 242816… Left0 approx.  08.700 approx.  0016.100 Bad Windsheim-Lenkersheim  nO 30200000 Ergersheim  n.O. 37900000 flows into the Aisch flood canal; with section name sequence Gräfbach → Mühlbach → Kühwasengraben
Mailheimer Graben 242815 ... right approx.  03.400 approx.  0002.500 Ipsheim - Oberndorf  in 30100000 Ipsheim - Weimersheim  in 35400000 branches off to the right to the Grundgraben-Unterlauf, s. u.
Hillerfeldgraben 242816… Left0 approx.  02.600 approx.  0001.000 Oberndorf  opposite. 30100000 Bad Windsheim / Ipsheim border  at 31100000 mostly only inconsistently water-bearing tufts of dirt roads
Ground trench 242816… right approx  03.800 approx.  0002.000 Oberndorf  at 30100000 Ipsheim- Mäusberg  in 37100000 flows into the Aisch flood canal; Right branch of Mailheimer Graben, but with a longer upper course Seegraben from Mäusberg
Lappachgraben 242815 ... right approx.  03.600 approx.  0003.600 Ipsheim  in 30000000 Mäusberg  at 36100000
Deep 242815 ... Left0 approx.  010.400 approx.  0033.600 Ipsheim- Nundorfermühle  up. 29900000 Bad Windsheim  Oberntief  asc. 34500000 with right upper course Lochbach ; branches off the Grauwinkelgraben at the lower reaches in Kaubenheim to the left
Grauwinkelgraben 242816… Left0 approx.  02.300 approx.  0003.500 Nundorfermühl  dev. 29700000 Ipsheim- Kaubenheim  in 30000000 flows into the Aisch flood canal; left branch of the deep-underflow
Lindgraben 242815 ... right approx  03.800 approx  0004.800 Dietersheim - Dottenheim  up. 29700000 Ipsheim- hoheneck castle  at 34500000 maybe another name in the Aisch-Aue
Aalbach 242816… Left0 approx.  05.300 approx.  0006.100 Dietersheim  vs. 29400000 Dietersheim- Hausenhof  at 35600000 flows into the Aisch flood canal
Großriedgraben 242817 ... Left0 approx  01.800 approx.  0001.300 Neustadt an der Aisch - Schauerheim  up. 29300000 Neustadt an der Aisch- Hasenlohe  at 30200000 with upper course Wasserfeldgraben
Nesselbach 242817 ... Left0 approx  09.200 approx.  0019.500 Schauerheim  at 29300000 Bad Windheim - Rehhof  at 35800000
Riedgraben 242817 ... right approx.  01.900 approx  0001.600 Neustadt an der Aisch- Birkenfeld  up. 29300000 Dietersheim  at 29400000
Schweinachbach 242818 right approx. 07.800 approx. 0034.500 Neustadt an der Aisch- powder mill  at 28200000 Neustadt an der Aisch- Mr. Neuses  at 38800000
Willow moat 242819 ... Left0 about  01.500 approx.  0001.100 Powder mill  vs. 29200000 Schauerheim  nO 32100000 Estuary at the railway bridge over the Aisch
Rempelsbach 242819 ... Left0 approx  07.100 approx  0012.600 Powder mill  vs. 29200000 Neustadt an der Aisch-- Unternesselbach  n.O. 33700000
Pfalzbach 242819 ... Left0 approx  01.600 about  0001.500 Neustadt an der Aisch , Riedfeld district   in 29100000 Neustadt an der Aisch, district Riedfeld  up. 33300000 Estuary at the Obermühle
Strahlbach 242819 ... right approx.  06.100 approx.  0010.800 Neustadt an der Aisch  in 28900000 Emskirchen - Wulkersdorf  n.O. 36000000
Erlbach 242819 ... right approx.  02.400 approx  0001.700 Diespeck - Klobenmühle  up. 28700000 Diespeck - lower Saxony  N.O. 33600000
Sachsenbach 242819 ... right approx.  05.200 approx  0007.100 Diespeck - Klobenmühle  at 28700000 Emskirchen- cold Neuses  at 36100000
Ehebach 24282 Left0 approx. 026.700 approx. 0271.000 Diespeck- Bruckmühle  desc. 28400000 Markt Nordheim - Herbolzheim  n.O. 36200000 with the river Nachtwasengraben → Ehebach ; Length with the left upper course from Bibart 30.1 km
Steinach 242892 Left0 approx. 015.200 approx. 0047.700 Gutenstetten  at 28200000 Scheinfeld - Kornhöfstadt  up. 37500000
Engelsbach 242893 ... Left0 approx.  04.900 approx.  0007.900 Gerhardshofen - Rappoldshofen  up. 28100000 Münchsteinach - Pirkachshof  at 34300000
Vahlenmühlbach 242893 ... right approx.  06.900 approx.  0014.200 Gerhardshofen  at 27900000 Emskirchen- Hohholz  n.O. 36800000 with right upper course Willmersbach
Kümmelbach 242893 ... Left0 approx.  03.000 approx.  0003.500 Dachsbach  up. 27900000 Dachsbach- Rauschenberg  n.O. 32800000 flows into a floodplain to the left Aisch dividing arm Saulach
Reisigbach 242893 ... right approx  06.400 approx.  0010.700 Dachsbach  dev. 27700000 Gerhardshofen- Kästel  up. 33100000 Pond runoff; Name also Reisichbach
Aubbach 242893 ... right approx.  02.400 approx.  0002.000 Dachsbach  dev. 27600000 Dachsbach- Göttelbrunn  n.O. 28900000 Pond runoff
Aschenbach 242893 ... right approx.  05.400 about  0007.500 Uehlfeld - Demantsfürth  up. 27500000 Dachsbach- Arnshöchstädt  at 31600000 flows on the municipal boundary to Dachsbach; Pond runoff
Weisach 242894 Left0 approx. 011.300 approx. 0024.800 Uehlfeld  up. 27500000 Münchsteinach - Altershausen  up. 34200000  
Altenweihergraben 242895 ... right about  01.500 about  0001.200 Uehlfeld- Voggendorf  up. 27400000 Uehlfeld- Gottesgab  n.O. 27800000 drains part of the ponds around Gottesgab in the right-hand Teuilungslauf Schleiflach der Aisch
Wintersbachgraben 242895 ... right approx  04.500 approx.  0007.900 Voggendorf  dev. 27300000 Höchstadt an der Aisch - Ailersbach  at 30000000 with section name sequence Ailersbach → Leitengraben → Wintersbachgraben
Trench 242895 ... Left0 approx.  02.900 approx  0003.800 Lonnerstadt - Mailach  asc. 27300000 Uehlfeld  nO 30900000 Trench is perhaps just the name of the valley
Aischgraben 242895 ... Left0 approx.  00.800 approx  0000.900 Lonnerstadt  nO 27100000 Lonnerstadt  at 27200000 left branch of the mouth of the Kleine Weisach , exit from this opposite Lonnerstadt
Little Weisach 242896 Left0 approx. 022.400 approx. 0066.900 Höchstadt an der Aisch - Greiendorf  opposite. 27000000 Scheinfeld - Neuses  n.O. 38000000 with the upper reaches of Leyenbach : additional dry trenches begin before Neuses
Krummbach 242899 ... Left0 approx.  02.700 approx.  0003.900 Höchstadt at the Aisch- Greienmühle opposite  . 27000000 Lonnerstadt  up. 29700000 Runoff from a chain of forest ponds
Schwarzenbach 242899 ... right about  06.500 approx.  0012.100 Höchstadt an der Aisch  in 26700000 Höchstadt an der Aisch- United Neuses  at 30300000 Outflow of the peep pond, mouth opposite the city mill
Hartweggraben 242899 ... Left0 approx.  00.500 approx.  0000.200 Höchstadt an der Aisch  in 26700000 Höchstadt an der Aisch  in 26800000 Auengraben between the edge of the building and Aisch
Plow ditch 242899 ... right approx.  01.100 approx.  0000.600 Gremsdorf  up. 26700000 Höchstadt an der Aisch  in 26800000 Auengraben along the Aisch
Birkach 242899 ... Left0 approx  06.200 approx.  0012.400 Höchstadt an der Aisch- Medbach  up. 26700000 Höchstadt an der Aisch- Nackendorf  up. 29600000 Length from the beginning of the forest ponds in the community-free Birkach forest , up to 1.7 km further, partly unstable upper courses
Erlenbach 242899 ... Left0 approx.  07.000 approx.  0013.100 Höchstadt an der Aisch- Medbach  in 26500000 Höchstadt an der Aisch- Bösenbechhofen  up. 30900000 with the longest upper course that begins in the Grethelmark forest
Staffelbach 242899 ... right approx  04.500 approx.  0012.900 Adelsdorf - Nainsdorf  asc. 26300000 Höchstadt an der Aisch  no 27900000
Egelgraben 242899 ... Left0 approx.  01.300 approx  0001.400 Höchstadt an der Aisch- Pine Village  desc. 26300000 Höchstadt an der Aisch-Medbach  nO 28600000 last runway in a floodplain to the Aisch
Melmgraben 242899 ... Left0 approx.  00.700 approx.  0000.400 Adelsdorf- Aisch  up. 26300000 Adelsdorf-Aisch  nO 28100000  
Reutgraben 242899 ... right approx.  06.700 approx.  0012.700 Adelsdorf-Aisch  opposite. 26000000 Hemhofen - Zeckern  n.O, 31500000 Name only safe on the upper reaches
Bodenfeldgraben 242899 ... Left0 approx.  04.300 approx.  0003.100 Adelsdorf- Uttstadt  dev. 25800000 Höchstadt an der Aisch- Bösenbechhofen  n.O. 30400000 with the remains of the Aisch oxbow lake on the lower reaches and over the longest strand of the right tributary Grenzgraben
Weihergraben 242899 ... right approx.  03.500 approx.  0003.100 Adelsdorf- Weppersdorf  at 25800000 Heroldsbach - Oesdorf  n.O. 32100000 Name maybe only of the right upper course up to the Sichsenweihern
Mill moat 242899 ... Left0 approx.  00.500 approx.  0000.100 Adelsdorf- run  at 25700000 Adelsdorf run  at 25800000 Alluvial flow in the Laufer Mühle
Aischgraben 242899 ... Left0 approx.  05.900 approx.  0012.900 Hallerndorf - Willerdorf  asc. 25500000 Höchstadt an der Aisch- Zentbechhofen  n.O. 30700000 with section name string Haidweihergraben → Herrenseegraben → Aischgraben
Braunersgraben 242899 ... Left0 approx.  03.600 approx.  0003.100 Hallerndorf-Willersdorf  dev. 25400000 Hallerndorf- Stiebarlimbach  asc. 33200000
Aubgraben 242899 ... right approx.  04.100 approx.  0003.200 Hallerndorf-Willersdorf  dev. 25400000 Hausen - Wimmelbach  n.O. 33900000 with section name string Hellergraben → Willersdorfer Graben → Aischgraben
Emmertsgraben 242899 ... Left0 approx.  02.000 approx.  0002.100 Hallerndorf  up. 25400000 Hallerndorf- Schnaid  n.O. 30300000
Tappenbach 242899 ... Left0 approx.  04.100 approx.  0005.700 Hallerndorf  dev. 25100000 Hallerndorf- Schnaid  at 34600000 with the longest strand ? → Buchersgraben → Tappenbach
Trailsdorf Erlenbach 242899 ... Left0 approx.  03.000 about  0002.800 Hallerndorf- Trailsdorf  in 24800000 Hallerndorf-Trailsdorf  up, 29900000
Aisch 2428 n / A. approx. 83.000 approx. 1006.800 n / A. 24400000 Burgbernheim - Schwebheim  n.O. 31900000  

Character and dates

Like most of the western tributaries of the Regnitz, the Aisch has a low gradient and a low runoff as well as sand structures in the bank area and in the river bed . In the upper reaches it is very shallow and only reaches a depth of 1.5 m. Only in the lower area is it up to 6 m deep and reaches a width of up to 15 m.

The Aisch has water quality classes II-III throughout .

nature and environment

White stork in the Aischgrund

In the Aisch came and come u. a. of the carp , white fish ( roach , Rudd , bream , Barbe , chub ) that Tench , the pike , the Waller , the eel and perch before. The crab plague of 1880 almost completely eradicated the previously very widespread cancer in the Aisch and its tributaries. Only after 1925 did the population increase again.

Culture

The Aischgründer Spiegelkarpfen is breaded as a regional delicacy that has also made it to international fame. In the Aischgrund there were a total of 1,500 ponds in which carp had been systematically bred since the Middle Ages . The Aischgründer Bierstrasse runs along the river from Bad Windsheim to Höchstadt an der Aisch.

On the upper reaches to Lonnerstadt the population is predominantly Protestant, on the lower reaches from Höchstadt onwards predominantly Catholic. The places Höchstadt, Aisch, Adelsdorf, Uttstadt, Lauf and Weppersdorf am Unterlauf belonged to Upper Franconia until the regional reform in Bavaria and then came to Middle Franconia. The discontinued Aisch Valley Railway , coming from the former Ansbach-Evangelical Neustadt / Aisch, ended in the last larger Evangelical town, the Aischgrundbahn , coming from the Bamberg-Catholic Forchheim, in the Catholic Höchstadt. In the local dialect, older residents of Höchstadt speak of going "to Luthrische" when driving to Lonnerstadt.

See also

literature

Web links

Commons : Aisch  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Length according to: Directory of brook and river areas in Bavaria - Main river area, page 70 of the Bavarian State Office for the Environment, as of 2016 (PDF; 3.3 MB) (up to page 72; page numbers may change)
  2. ↑ Catchment area according to: List of brook and river areas in Bavaria - Main river area, page 70 of the Bavarian State Office for the Environment, as of 2016 (PDF; 3.3 MB) (up to page 72; page numbers may change)
  3. Bavarian flood news service (as of September 6, 2011)
  4. Max Döllner : Development history of the city of Neustadt an der Aisch until 1933. Ph. CW Schmidt, Neustadt ad Aisch 1950. (New edition 1978 on the occasion of the 150th anniversary of the Ph. CW Schmidt Neustadt an der Aisch 1828-1978. ) P. 8, Note 5.
  5. ^ Wolf-Armin von Reitzenstein : Lexicon of Franconian place names. Origin and meaning . Upper Franconia, Middle Franconia, Lower Franconia. CH Beck, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-406-59131-0 , p. 20–21 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
  6. ^ Bammesberger : Aisch
  7. Geotope: Origin of the Aisch (accessed on March 22, 2020).
  8. The source of the Aisch has dried up . In: Main-Post from January 11, 2020
  9. Aischquelle dries up: Was it climate change or gypsum mining? Retrieved January 10, 2020 .
  10. a b length, if entered there, according to: otherwise measured on the background map Topographic map on: and with introduced approx.
  11. a b catchment area, if entered there, to: otherwise measured on the background map Topographic map on: and with introduced approx.
  12. Altitude queried (with a right click) on the background map Topographic map on: BayernAtlas of the Bavarian State Government ( information )
  13. a b Bavarian State Office for the Environment: Summary of the reports on the 2004 inventory in Bavaria : Reports to the European Commission according to Art. 5, Annex II and Annex III, as well as Art. 6, Annex IV, of the Water Framework Directive. (PDF) 1st version, Augsburg, 2006, p. 27.
  14. ^ Max Döllner : History of the development of the city of Neustadt an der Aisch until 1933. Ph. CW Schmidt, Neustadt ad Aisch 1950. (New edition 1978 on the occasion of the 150th anniversary of the publishing house Ph. CW Schmidt Neustadt an der Aisch 1828-1978. ) P. 460.
  15. ^ The Aisch , fishing association Aisch eV
  16. Max Döllner (1950), p. 460.