Jessen (magpie)
| coat of arms | Germany map | |
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Coordinates: 51 ° 48 ' N , 12 ° 57' E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Saxony-Anhalt | |
| County : | Wittenberg | |
| Height : | 72 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 352.11 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 14,067 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 40 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 06917 | |
| Primaries : | 03537, 035387, 035388, 035389 | |
| License plate : | WB, GHC, JE | |
| Community key : | 15 0 91 145 | |
City administration address : |
Schloßstraße 11 06917 Jessen (Elster) |
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| Website : | ||
| Mayor : | Michael Jahn ( SPD ) | |
| Location of the city of Jessen (Elster) in the district of Wittenberg | ||
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Jessen (Elster) is a town on the Black Elster and is located in the eastern part of Saxony-Anhalt in the district of Wittenberg . In terms of area, the unitary municipality of Jessen is the eleventh largest municipality in Germany. It consists of 44 districts with Jessen as the largest and eponymous place.
According to the KGSt classification grid , Jessen is a type of municipality in size class 6 (10,000 to 25,000 inhabitants). The actual core town of Jessen has around 6,200 inhabitants.
geography
location
Jessen is located in eastern Germany in the new federal states . The northern part of the municipality belongs to the Fläming , a slightly undulating terminal moraine landscape. The south-western part of the municipality is in the Elster-Elbeland.
The next larger municipality is Wittenberg, which is also the seat of the district administration of the Wittenberg district, to which Jessen has belonged since 1994. The region belongs to the metropolitan region of Central Germany , at the end of which is Jessen.
In the east, the municipality borders on the Brandenburg district of Elbe-Elster . In the north of the unified community, Jessen borders the Brandenburg district of Teltow-Fläming . The region around Jessen is considered structurally weak and has a very low population density. There are only a few medium-sized centers within 50 kilometers of the city of Jessen . In addition to Wittenberg, these are Bitterfeld-Wolfen , Torgau, Jüterbog and Herzberg . Villages and Einsiedlungen other hand, are characteristic of the settlement pattern.
The neighboring communities in the Wittenberg district to the south-west of Jessen are Annaburg , the newly formed community of Zahna-Elster , Kemberg and Bad Schmiedeberg .
Landscape image
The area of the city of Jessen covers about half of the area of the district of Jessen, which was dissolved in 1994 . The built-up portion is small in relation to the naturalized area. While it is quite wooded in the area of the Black Elster and north of it, the predominantly flat terrain in the southwest, which extends to the Elbe , is almost exclusively used for agriculture. The old town center is shaped by the Black Elster, which flows through it centrally. At intervals of several years there are high water levels of the Black Elster and flooding of partly built-up areas.
The northern and eastern area around the core town of Jessen is traversed by a landscape protection area in which the Arnsdorfer-Jessener-Schweinitzer mountains occur as part of a moraine . The protected area consists of the Kuhlache and Elsteraue landscape near Jessen and 57 percent of the Schwarze Elster-Kuhlache and belongs to the southern Fläming hill country . The soil quality is generally poor and hardly reaches more than 35 soil points. There is a predominance of pine and birch trees in the communal forest areas. The open spaces are generally used for agriculture. Wind parks with wind turbines up to 200 meters high are widespread and shape the landscape.
The vineyards in the vicinity of Jessen are among the northernmost commercially cultivated wine-growing areas in Germany and belong to the Saxony growing region . The varieties grown here are declared under wine law as Saxon country wine , although there is no geographical correspondence with the wine growing along the Middle Elbe around Meißen to Dresden. On the Gorrenberg , a mild microclimate led to viticulture. This has been going on since the Middle Ages. The wine region in Jessen experienced its heyday in the 15th and 16th centuries with an area of around 300 hectares. Even Martin Luther drank wine from Jessen. During the last two centuries, the production of wine has decreased to 1.25 hectares, the use of which was almost only sufficient for personal needs. After the fall of the Wall, wine growing increased again and is now around 15 hectares in Jessen along the Jessen Mountains, a wave-like elevation between the Schweinitz district and the Jessen district.
Morphology Jessen city
The place Jessen has a Y-shaped street structure. The main traffic axis is the federal road 187 , which leads from Wittenberg to Schweinitz. The residents of Hauptstrasse are mainly industrial sites in the productive sector and shops in the retail trade and branches of retail chains.
The district of Jessen is divided into three large development areas, a large industrial area towards Wittenberg, a new construction area towards Schweinitz and the old town towards Annaburg. The newly built area to the east was built in the 20th century and has a high proportion of prefabricated buildings from the GDR era. The old town center of Jessen still has some historical buildings. There are individual historical villas in the village.
The Schwarze Elster flows through the center of Jessen. The Dessau – Falkenberg / Elster railway line also crosses the town centrally.
Morphology Jessener Land
The settlement focus of the unified community is along the B187 from Jessen towards Holzdorf via Schweinitz. The Schwarze Elster flows through the settlement area centrally from east to west, also along the B187. There are 13 districts south of the Schwarzen Elster and 31 districts north of the river. The Glücksburger Heide is located in the central north of the municipality and divides the northern settlement zone into a north-eastern part with the focus on Linda and a north-western area with the focus on Seyda. There are therefore essentially four settlement areas of Jessen:
- the most important settlement area along the B 187 with Jessen, Schweinitz and Holzdorf
- southwest along the Elbe with the focus on Klöden
- northwest of the Glücksburger Heide with a focus on Seyda
- northeast of the Glücksburger Heide with the focus on Linda
The more rural districts of Jessen are often round or street villages . As is typical of the region, the rural districts often have larger farmsteads with simple red brick facades . The unified municipality of Jessen is one of the largest municipalities in Germany in terms of area with a comparatively very small population of less than 15,000 inhabitants.
climate
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Jessen is climatically in the transition zone to the continental climate. The average air temperature in Jessen is 9.2 ° C, the annual precipitation 533 millimeters. There are several weather divisions in the municipality. The northern areas tend to receive less rainfall than those closer to the Schwarzen Elster. The lowest rainfall of the year is expected in February. An average of 32 mm falls in February. In contrast, June is the wettest month of the year with 66mm of rainfall. There has hardly been any snowfall in winter for years. Long periods of frost have hardly occurred in the past two decades. The flat land favors a continuous incidence of wind.
Districts
The unitary community Jessen has 44 districts including the core town of Jessen. The eponymous place Jessen has 6237 inhabitants in 2017. That is 43.8% of the population compared to the total number of inhabitants of the unitary municipality.
Jessen as the core location is the central point of contact for all surrounding places and forms the actual basic center with some assigned tasks of a middle center . After Jessen, Schweinitz, Holzdorf, Seyda and Klöden are the next largest towns. Schweinitz and Seyda are former independent towns and are marked in bold in the list below.
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population
Population development of the place Jessen
In contrast to all other places in the unitary community of Jessen, Jessen shows a significant increase in population in the long term. In the course of 100 years, the population in Jessen has doubled.
| 1819 | 1875 | 1880 | 1890 | 1925 | 1933 | 1939 | 2017 |
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| 1400 | 2417 | 2591 | 2595 | 3157 | 3698 | 4156 | 6237 |
Population development in the old district of Jessen
The 43 other places were already member communities of the old district of Jessen during the GDR era . In addition to the 44 places in Jessen, this group also included the present-day community of Annaburg . The former municipality of Elster , Listerfehrda , Gadegast , Zemnick also belonged to the Jessen district of today's unified municipality of Zahna-Elster .
Population development of the single municipality Jessen
Figures on the unitary municipality of Jessen have only been available since 1995. To determine a basic statistical value for the 44 places Jessen for the time of 1955, the percentage decrease of 34 percent of the population of the old district Jessen in the period from 2012 to 2015 is calculated back to the basic value of Jessen in 2015, i.e. 14,215 inhabitants, and thus the historical total of 1955 calculated.
| 1955 | 1995 | 2001 | 2011 | 2015 |
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| 21,537 | 18,486 | 17,170 | 14,620 | 14,215 |
In 1955, 21,537 inhabitants lived in the area of today's unitary community Jessen, which is 7,322 more than today.
In the 2010s, there was a resettlement of former residents in the municipality.
Current population statistics of the unified municipality Jessen (Elster)
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The average median age of the Jessen population is 51.4 years. The age group with the greatest propensity to migrate are 18 to 31 year olds. Then the migration curve drops significantly. Only a little more young people emigrate than to.
Today's 55 to 65-year-olds are by far the largest age group in Jessen. The group of 25 to 35 year olds is only about half as big.
In 2011, 87 foreigners were registered in Jessen. Poles and Russians made up most of this small group of foreigners.
Wittenberg is the next medium-sized city center for the people of Jessen . The medium supply of goods is obtained from there. The links with the neighboring Brandenburg communities are generally low for historical reasons.
history
Summary
Historically, the Elbe-Elster-Land belongs to a peripheral and poor region with a low population density, far from big city and pulsating centers such as Leipzig or Berlin . It lies between the Saxon and Brandenburg cultural areas and, strictly speaking, cannot be clearly assigned to either of these two most important centers in East Germany. From a cultural and historical point of view, the Jessener Land was part of the East Elbe , which was shaped by Prussia in the 19th century , where feudal agricultural structures and conservative Junkers were able to maintain themselves as a cultural form into the 20th century.
Jessen remained an insignificant agricultural town in its history until the Congress of Vienna in 1815 . The closest administrative center was Schweinitz, which is now part of Jessen. Likewise, Seyda had a certain importance as the administrative seat in the Electorate of Saxony. The importance of Jessen only grew with the incorporation of large Saxon territories into the Prussian state. In the time of the GDR, Jessen became a district town for the first time , until it was incorporated into the Wittenberg district in 1994 as a district belonging to it.
General story
Middle Ages, Early Modern Times
The Jessener Land belonged to the settlement area of the Elbe Slavs in the early Middle Ages . As part of the German colonization of the East in the Middle Ages , German colonists began to settle in what is now Jessen in the 12th century. The Slavic culture and way of life were successively pushed back in the following centuries by military campaigns by German military leaders and the Jessen area was incorporated into the network of the Holy Roman Empire .
The beginnings of Jessen formed today's Jessen Castle . Towards the end of the 12th century, a tower hill with a wooden defense tower was built for the first time at the current location of the castle. In 1216 the place was first mentioned as Jezzant . The document of Bishop Siegfried II of Brandenburg was issued on December 28, 1217, but since a new year began on December 25, the day according to today's calendar was December 28, 1216. Today's Jessen without the more northerly Parts of the community were at that time in the area of County Brehna ; When the Counts of Brehna died out in the family line, the area fell to the Wittenberg Ascanians and from then on belonged to Saxony-Wittenberg , one of the seven electoral principalities of the Holy Roman Empire, which was ruled from nearby Wittenberg. Jessen has been mentioned as a city with its own council seal and coat of arms since 1358.
Robber barons and gangs of thieves were omnipresent in the Wittenberg area in the late Middle Ages . In 1358 a protective alliance was concluded between Rudolf II and his cities Wittenberg, Aken , Herzberg, Prettin, Jessen, Kemberg, Schmiedeberg, Belzig and Niemegk .
In 1380 the first city judge was mentioned. The Gorn, a house wine of the Askanians, has been cultivated by Lichtenburg Antonite monks on the Gorrenberg since the 14th century and has shaped the urban self-image of the population of Jessen as a wine town ever since. Jessen developed into an arable town with a focus on cloth making . Since the 15th century there have been regular cloth, general and cattle markets in Jessen.
In 1422, the Wittenberg Ascanian family died out. The subsequent dignity of rule went to the Margraves of Meissen . The Electorate of Saxony now included the Margraviate of Meissen in addition to the Kurkreis to which Jessen still belonged. The residence of the electors initially remained in Wittenberg, west of Jessen, or in Torgau, further south . Since the rule of the Wettins, there has been a targeted expansion of the Jessen region. This increased around 1500 and lasted until 1550. During this time, several office buildings, castles and palaces were built throughout the municipality. In the 16th century, targeted bureaucratisation and state administration with headquarters in Seyda and Schweinitz began, which enabled orderly and early modern state rule. However, the individual places in Jessen remained small and the region sparsely populated.
The Saxon electors often stayed in what is now the municipality, for example to carry out hunts in the Glücksburger Heide with the associated Glücksburg hunting lodge . Saxon electors also often resided in Schweinitz Castle, which is no longer in existence . The Elector Johann the Steadfast died here on August 16, 1532. Schweinitz , which today belongs to Jessen , had its own office in the Electorate of Saxony , just like Seyda . The place Jessen was administratively assigned to the office Schweinitz .
At the end of 1517 the Reformation began in Wittenberg , which spread across Europe. As early as 1522, the newly appointed pastor Urban Specher introduced the changed church dogmatics in Jessen and broke with the Catholic form of teaching. The place belonged to the core area of the Reformation. Martin Luther visited Jessen, Seyda and Schweinitz several times as part of church visits and in 1533 preached in the town church. Seyda and Jessen received a superintendentage .
After Emperor Charles V had triumphed over the Protestant side in the Battle of Mühlberg on the Elbe in the Schmalkaldic War , the dynamism of the Reformation in the region slackened around 1550. The Saxon electors focused on expanding Dresden as a new residence. Hundreds of residents fell victim to the plague in 1577 and 1585 .
The entire area around Jessen was devastated several times during the Thirty Years War . In 1644 the Swedish general Torstensson defeated the imperial general, Count Gallas , in the battle of Jüterbog . Subsequently, the entire area was devastated by the Swedish army. In 1631, 1637 and 1646 Jessen was badly damaged by Swedish troops. Schweinitz was devastated in 1637. The neighboring Bad Schmiedeberg had only two of the 400 inhabitants before the war at the end of the war. Wittenberg lost its suburbs and 167 houses in the city.
After the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, the area was spared acts of war until the Seven Years' War. A reconstruction of the destroyed places began. Saxon absolutism flourished, while northern Prussia advanced to become a major military power and increasingly threatened Saxony.
In the Baroque era , the Glücksburg hunting lodge was the scene of electoral hunts. A factory-like glassworks was also built here, which produced ruby glass . In economic terms, around 1730 the brewery industry was represented in Jessen with 20 establishments and the drapery with more than 70 drapers. In 1672, on the night of September 20-21, 1729, and again in 1732, large parts of the city were destroyed by fires.
During the Seven Years' War the area was again a theater of war. Among other things, there was the siege of Wittenberg and the battle of Torgau .
19th century
After Napoleon's defeat in the Russian campaign , Jessen also became a theater of war. Saxony stayed on the side of France, which was increasingly losing ground in Germany. During the Wars of Liberation , Jessen was almost constantly occupied by French, Prussian and Russian troops. In October 1813 the headquarters of Blücher , Yorck and Tauentzien were in Jessen Castle. In the run-up to the Battle of Dennewitz , the northern parts of the community around Seyda were the scene of battles. As a result of the battle, the retreating French troops were pursued across the municipality. Further fighting in the area took place in the battle of Wartenburg and the siege of Wittenberg . Saxony's long loyalty to the alliance on the side of France took revenge as it had to cede large parts of the northern state territory to Prussia. After centuries of belonging to Saxony, Jessen, the Schweinitz office and the Seyda office were assigned to Prussian and Jessen to the new Schweinitz district in 1816 as a result of the Congress of Vienna . A phase of restoration began. Economically, which began industrialization to be felt, while culturally the era of romanticism and the Biedermeier dawned.
In 1819 the three largest present-day districts had the following population figures: Jessen 1,400 inhabitants, 310 houses, Schweinitz 940 inhabitants 117 houses and Seyda 828 inhabitants and 106 houses. Jessen was on the postal route from Wittenberg to Dresden via Herzberg. In the city there was a post office and a post office that was subordinate to the post office of Wittenberg.
The July bourgeois revolution of 1830 and the revolution of 1848 passed Jessen by. The social problems grew and forms of pauperization developed . In the middle of the century, the German labor movement was founded in Leipzig to face the open social question . The liberation of the peasants led to an increasing rural exodus and the cities began to grow explosively. Due to the rural location of Jessen and its surrounding area far from urban centers such as Leipzig or Berlin, in the age of Central European urban growth in the 19th and 20th centuries, their settlement and growth dynamics were not transferred to the Jessen surrounding area.
In 1838 the first "school festival" was celebrated, which still takes place today. It is traditionally the cultural highlight of the year in Jessen and is used as an occasion for family get-togethers and returnees for former residents. The festivities take place over two weeks at the beginning of August each year and are supported by all local associations.
After the Wars of Unification , the German Empire came into being . The start-up boom and crash followed . Jessen experienced a modest economic boom. The city citizen Herrmann Fuhrmann founded the metal goods factory G. Fuhrmann's Sohn OHG in 1879 and developed it into a manufacturer of galvanized household and kitchen appliances as well as stamped parts with more than 200 employees. With this, the medium-sized metalworking industry became at home in Jessen, which continues at the same location to this day under the name Stanz- und LaserTechnik Jessen GmbH .
On October 15, 1875, the Wittenberg – Falkenberg section of the Roßlau – Falkenberg / Elster line was opened by the Berlin-Anhaltische Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft and Jessen was connected to the railway network. Previously, the Jüterbog - Herzberg line had already been put into operation by BAE on July 1, 1848, as a section of the Jüterbog – Röderau railway line . The Holzdorf , which belongs to Jessen, and Linda received connections to the rail network.
First World War, Interwar Period, Second World War
In the early 20th century, Jessen still belonged to the district of Schweinitz in the Prussian province of Saxony . The negative consequences of the global economic crisis of 1929 after the brief Roaring Twenties led to a radicalization of society and a strengthening of right-wing revanchism in Germany.
In the Reichstag election of March 5, 1933 , in the Schweinitz district, to which the present-day community Jessen belonged, with a turnout of 87.3 percent, 69.8 percent of the voters voted for the NSDAP and 14.1 percent for the DNVP . Almost 84 percent of the population of the constituency of Schweinitz supported the seizure of power by the NSDAP under Adolf Hitler . The strongest democratically-minded party was the SPD , which still received 9.4 percent of the vote. The behavior at the polls thus deviated considerably from the national average.
The Second World War , which broke out in 1939 , initially had no direct effects on the war in Jessen. After the eastern front drew closer and closer, there were death marches in the community area in April 1945 by concentration camp prisoners from the Langenstein-Zwieberge concentration camp . The route ran on April 19 from Prettin towards Jessen with an overnight stay in the church. 60 prisoners lost their lives on this route. In the evening hours of April 20th the train dragged its way through Gentha . Several concentration camp prisoners were shot here as well. The trek continued towards Seyda to Genthin.
At the end of April 1945 the Jessener Land was occupied by troops of the 13th Army and the 5th Guards Army of the 1st Ukrainian Front of the Red Army during the Battle of Berlin . There were still isolated fighting or bombings in some districts, without the course having been changed. Only one house in Weberstrasse was destroyed by air raids. Immediately before the Soviet troops marched in on April 22, 1945, the Elster Bridge was blown up by the withdrawing Wehrmacht troops, and the railway bridge was damaged by blasting. Some civilians were abducted by Soviet soldiers without their fate being clarified.
Development after 1945
After 1945 Jessen came to the Soviet occupation zone and later to the GDR. Jessen belonged to this from then on. The Glücksburger Heath was a closed military zone, in the Bahnhofstrasse a Soviet garrison was established in April 1945th
In 1950 the district of Schweinitz was renamed the district of Herzberg. After the administrative reform of 1952, Jessen became the district town of the Jessen district in the GDR district of Cottbus . During the uprising of June 17, 1953 , as elsewhere, there were several protests and demonstrations, as a result of which a state of emergency was declared in Jessen and Soviet tanks were posted. The demonstrators demanded the release of captured farmers.
Development after 1990
After the fall of the Wall, a new industrial area , a new fire station, a new high school, a new bus station were built and the dilapidated castle in Jessen was completely renovated into a modern administrative center. The Elster-Center shopping center was built in the 1990s, but is now empty. In 2016 a large substation was built in the municipality.
On March 26, 2020, the districts of Jessen and Schweinitz were quarantined because the number of people infected with corona is particularly high there.
Development of the administrative structure
After the dissolution of the GDR, the states were re-established and a population survey was carried out on future state affiliation in the border areas. A majority of the people of Jessen tended to be integrated into the newly founded Saxony-Anhalt and not to belong to Brandenburg. With the district reform in Saxony-Anhalt, the district of Jessen was dissolved and Jessen came to the district of Wittenberg on August 1, 1994 as a city belonging to the district. Since then, many other incorporations followed, which steadily enlarged the municipal area, so that it now includes a larger part of the former district of Jessen.
In 1992 the communities Grabo, Großkorga, Lindwerder, Schöneicho and Steinsdorf-Dixförda were incorporated, in 1993 the communities Gerbisbach, Mügeln and Schweinitz and in 1994 the communities Battin, Düßnitz, Gorsdorf-Hemsendorf and Kleindröben. With the district reform on August 1, 1994, Battin, Düßnitz and Kleindröben-Mauken were incorporated. In 1999 the municipalities of Arnsdorf, Leipa and Ruhlsdorf were incorporated. On March 1st, 2004 Buschkuhnsdorf, Gentha, Holzdorf, Kleinkorga, Linda (Elster), Mellnitz, Mönchenhöfe, Morxdorf, Neuerstadt, Reicho and Seyda were incorporated. Naundorf bei Seyda followed on January 1, 2010, and the former communities of Klöden and Schützberg were added on January 1, 2011.
| Former parish | date | annotation |
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| Arnsdorf | January 1, 1999 | |
| Battin | June 1, 1994 | |
| Bush Kuhn Village | March 1, 2004 | |
| Dixförda | May 1st 1974 | Merger with Steinsdorf to Steinsdorf-Dixförda |
| Düßnitz | June 1, 1994 | |
| Gentha | March 1, 2004 | |
| Gerbisbach | November 1, 1993 | |
| Glücksburg | May 1st 1974 | Incorporation after Mügeln |
| Gorsdorf | 1st January 1974 | Merger with Hemsendorf to form Gorsdorf-Hemsendorf |
| Gorsdorf-Hemsendorf | January 1, 1994 | |
| Grabo | January 1, 1992 | |
| Large corga | January 1, 1992 | |
| Hemsendorf | 1st January 1974 | Merger with Gorsdorf to Gorsdorf-Hemsendorf |
| Wooden village | March 1, 2004 | |
| Kleindröben | June 1, 1994 | |
| Kleinkorga | March 1, 2004 | |
| Dumplings | January 1, 2011 | |
| Klossa | January 1, 1978 | Incorporation to Schweinitz (Elster) |
| Kremitz | January 1, 1992 | Incorporation to Holzdorf |
| Leipa | January 1, 1999 | |
| Linda (Magpie) | March 1, 2004 | |
| Lindwerder | January 1, 1992 | |
| Lüttchenseyda | July 1, 1950 | Incorporation to Gentha |
| Mellnitz | March 1, 2004 | |
| Mönchenhöfe | March 1, 2004 | |
| Morxdorf | March 1, 2004 | |
| Mill | January 1, 1993 | |
| Naundorf near Seyda | January 1, 2010 | |
| Neuerstadt | March 1, 2004 | |
| Wheel | March 1, 2004 | |
| Rehab | July 1, 1977 | Incorporation to Ruhlsdorf |
| Reicho | March 1, 2004 | |
| Ruhlsdorf | January 1, 1999 | |
| Schadewalde | May 1st 1974 | Incorporation to Seyda |
| Schöneicho | January 1, 1992 | |
| Schützberg | January 1, 2011 | District of Klöden from May 1, 1974 to March 14, 1990 |
| Schweinitz (Elster) | January 1, 1993 | |
| Seyda | March 1, 2004 | |
| Steinsdorf | May 1st 1974 | Merger with Dixförda to form Steinsdorf-Dixförda |
| Steinsdorf-Dixförda | January 1, 1992 | Incorporation to Schweinitz (Elster) |
| Zwiesigko | 1937 | Change of name to Gerbisbach |
politics
City council and district councils
The city council of Jessen consists of 28 city councilors and has been composed as follows since the local elections on May 26, 2019 (voter turnout 55.6%; 2014: 49.1%):
| Party / group of voters | Seats | +/- |
|---|---|---|
| CDU | 8th | - 4th |
| AfD | 4th | + 4 |
| The left | 4th | - 1 |
| BBP-BI Jessen * | 3 | ± 0 |
| SPD | 3 | ± 0 |
| FDP | 2 | ± 0 |
| We for here | 3 | + 3 |
| Individual applicant Jens Freydank | 1 | ± 0 |
| total | 28 |
* Citizens move problems - citizens' initiative Jessen
The mayor is an additional member of the city council.
According to the main statute of the city of Jessen of November 13, 2015, there are ten separate district councils for the districts . Members of the district councils can also be members of the city council.
mayor
Michael Jahn (SPD) was elected on November 9, 2014 with 68.4 percent of the valid votes for a term of office of seven years.
City administration, clubs and associations
The city administration Jessen consists of four departments : Main Office , clerk's office , Building Department and Office Finance and busy as of December 2017 a total of 63 employees in full- and part-time without the subordinate institutions or municipal enterprises . The school, youth and sport division is organizationally assigned to the main office. In addition to the obligatory city council and main committee, the city maintains a building and awarding committee, a finance committee and a social committee.
The city also runs its own business, Stadtwirtschaft Jessen .
There are 300 municipal buildings in municipal ownership that need to be maintained and managed. The type of communal possessions is expedient and ranges from garages, workshops, schools, gyms, cemetery halls, fire stations to community centers. The level of publicly managed buildings is mixed. There are a few high-quality new and historical building structures and a predominantly simple and cheap type of construction from the socialist era.
The 34 fire brigades in the city of Jessen currently have 41 vehicles. Since 1993, the Elbe-Elster-Jessen water and wastewater association, based in the Grabo district of Jessen, has been organizing the supply of drinking water and the disposal of wastewater in the municipality. There are two waterworks in the municipal area : a larger one in Jessen and a smaller one in Mark Zwuschen . The sewage treatment plant is located in Jessen.
The administration operates a total of 44 playgrounds and 27 football fields . Five gyms , five sports facilities , four tennis courts , four shooting ranges and two soccer fields complete the municipal infrastructure in the sports area. 29 cemeteries with and without a mortuary are managed by the municipality. The Hemsendorf Castle Park and Elstermann's Park in the Schweinitz district are publicly managed green spaces .
The entertainment associations “Schwarze Elster” and “Fläming-Elbaue” regulate the dams and ditches in the municipality. 255 municipal roads will be maintained and renewed in the municipality. There are 130 clubs in the community.
Coat of arms, flag, city colors
The coat of arms was approved by the Dessau regional council on December 17, 1993 and registered in the Saxony-Anhalt state archive under the coat of arms roll number 63/1993.
Blazon : "In red behind a solid round black grooved silver battlement wall a silver church; the towers with blue pointed roofs, each with a stalked golden sphere on each side, and black arched windows (2: 1); between the towers a black gate under a pointed roof, above a vaulted gable crowned with a golden cross with two black arched windows and a three-leaf black rosette; on either side of the church behind the wall a silver poplar tree. "
The city colors show black and gold (yellow).
The coat of arms has been used in this form since 1968 and is based on a historical seal from the 14th century. The first known document bearing this seal is from 1358, in which a protective alliance between Rudolf II and his cities Wittenberg , Aken , Herzberg , Prettin , Jessen, Kemberg , Schmiedeberg , Belzig and Niemegk against robber barons and gangs of thieves was concluded .
The flag was approved on May 13, 1998 by the Dessau Regional Council. It is striped black and yellow. The city coat of arms is placed in the middle of the flag.
City federation and city partnerships
Jessen is part of the transnational Elbe-Elsteraue urban association . This includes Herzberg , Annaburg , Schönewalde , Schlieben , Jüterbog and Torgau . Its aim is to work on the further qualified development of the tourist infrastructure in the region.
Jessen has a town partnership with Senden in North Rhine-Westphalia .
Education, health, religion and social affairs
The unitary community Jessen has a branch of the Wittenberg employment agency including a branch of the Wittenberg job center . There is a medical care center Poliklinik Jessen. There are two fitness centers in Jessen to maintain health . A more extensive wellness and health offer is only available in the beginning. There is a nursing home in Jessen for the care of the elderly . The unified community has two well-developed facilities for the care of disabled people. In addition to the Protestant parishes of the regional church in the districts, there is a New Apostolic parish in the Jessen district .
The Jessen Gymnasium is the central higher educational institution of the unified community. It has a modern school building and a modern multifunctional hall and is designed for more than 1000 students. A secondary school and four primary schools complete the educational infrastructure of the unitary community.
The municipality has a special school , a branch of the Wittenberg Folk High School and the District Music School as well as a city library as separate educational establishments . The town has eight nurseries in by local authorities and two day-care centers by independent agencies.
tourism
Jessen is located on the outskirts of the Wittenberg area of influence.
The association “Independent regional development in Jessener Land e. V. “develops tourism offers as an independent, non-governmental actor. One focus of the association's interests is the development of cycling and hiking tours in the districts of the city of Jessen.
Economy and financial sector
Jessen is known regionally for its intact and modern commercial and industrial core and is energy self-sufficient, as it could completely cover its energy needs from its own production.
Since 1990, the city has become a regional center for trade with a focus on food processing and metal and mechanical engineering . With significantly more than 2,630 jobs (out of 7,610) in the manufacturing industry in relation to its population, Jessen has a very high share of employment in the secondary sector . The agriculture has caused to have an increased proportion of the value added by the vast agricultural area ratios in the municipality with 580 employees. Agricultural energy production now plays a significant role. The town's largest agricultural producer alone is now able to supply around 1,100 households, with an assumed average size of four people per household, that would be around 4,400 people. There are also a lot of wind turbines , which can also cover a large proportion of the energy demand in the municipality. Individual solar parks complement the production range. In purely mathematical terms, Jessen would be a completely energy self-sufficient municipality and would not need a connection to the power grid. The large-scale substation built in 2016 in the municipality also provides local energy feed and distribution.
Above all, small and medium-sized companies in the food and beverage industry, metal processing and construction are based in Jessen. Furthermore, the Bundeswehr location Holzdorf-Ost (Air Force) is one of the most important employers in the region. The most important branch of the food industry is mineral water production, which has seen a significant increase in sales since 2009 due to the expansion of the production facilities. Himmelsberger Mineralbrunnen is part of MEG , which, as a subsidiary of the Schwarz Group, supplies Lidl and Kaufland; Troy Aqua, which went bankrupt in 2008, was acquired by Edeka in 2015/2016 in order to set up its own bottling plant.
Other areas are cheese production (the Elsterland dairy is a facility of the Bayerische Milchindustrie eG), since 2007 caviar production (Aqua Orbis), viticulture (since the 13th century, the northernmost recognized wine-growing area in Germany), the cultivation of fruit and vegetables ( Apples, strawberries, cherries, asparagus) as well as the preparation of frozen food from fruit, vegetables and ready-made meals (Jütro Tiefkühlkost is a subsidiary of I. Schroeder KG from Hamburg). The Icking KG distillery in the Seyda district, where bioethanol is produced, should also be mentioned. There are also larger farms in the outer rural districts of the city. The metal processing companies include Stanz- und LaserTechnik Jessen GmbH, Profil Metallbau, Preuss Metallverarbeitung and the Blech- und Technologiezentrum Linda GmbH. The most important construction companies are zbo Bau GmbH and Thiele Bauträger GmbH.
Formative companies
The municipality of Jessen has a total of 12 employment-intensive companies in its municipality. With the exception of two companies, these are present in food production and processing and in metalworking . With this, Jessen continues the economic philosophy of the GDR and focuses on the formation of key companies in the production segment. Soft economic segments, on the other hand, are neglected.
| company | description | founding year | Employee class | Turnover class |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agrodienst eG Jessen | Trade in agricultural products and agricultural inputs, building materials, household items, farm and garden items, heating oil, diesel, solid fuels, sand, gravel and earth | 1990 | From 100 to 249 employees | 2014: EUR 25–50 million |
| Zentara GmbH stainless steel foundry | Form and centrifugal casting in heat, rust and acid-resistant materials | 1995 | From 50 to 99 employees | 2014: EUR 5–10 million |
| Jütro Tiefkühlkost GmbH & Co KG | Frozen fruits and vegetables | 1996 | From 100 to 249 employees | 2014: EUR 50–100 million |
| Bayerische Milchindustrie eG | Production and sales of cheese | 2001 | 2017: 200 employees | 2014: EUR 25–50 million |
| SCHADE Logistic GmbH | Special transports for the glass industry, glass transports, flat glass transports, waste transports, bulk goods transports, vehicle rental, large-scale transports | 1990 | From 100 to 249 employees | k. A. |
| Sheet metal and technology center Linda GmbH | Sheet metal work, welding of metal parts, cutting of metal, bending of metal | 1998 | From 100 to 249 employees | k. A. |
| Agricultural cooperative Holzdorf eG | Veterinary and zootechnical services, grain and pseudo-grain, industrial plants and crops, oil crops and oilseeds, fiber crops, agriculture and horticulture services, harvesting services, rental of agricultural machinery and equipment | 1990 | 100 employees | 2014: EUR 10-25 million |
| Stamping and laser technology Jessen GmbH | Machining of metal | 2012 | From 250 to 499 employees | k. A. |
| zbo Bau GmbH Jessen Construction and civil engineering of all kinds Special company for formwork and carpentry work | Wood construction and carpentry work, Other construction joinery work, Construction companies, Construction industry, Companies / construction companies, Roofing and wall cladding | 1990 | 60 employees | |
| Himmelsberger Mineralbrunnen GmbH | Extraction, production and distribution of mineral water | 1990 | From 100 to 249 employees | 2014: EUR 25–50 million |
| Seydaland Vereinigte Agrarbetriebe GmbH & Co.KG | Agriculture, animal husbandry, energy production | 1990 | 165 employees | k. A. |
traffic
Rail transport
- The station Jessen is on the węgliniec-roßlau railway and is of regional trains of the DB Regio approached timetable default.
- Other stops in the urban area of Jessen are Linda (Elster) and Holzdorf (Elster) on the Jüterbog – Röderau railway line . They are served by DB Regio trains on the Stralsund - Berlin - Jüterbog - Falkenberg (Elster) line.
Road traffic
Jessen is located on federal highway 187 , which offers a direct connection to Lutherstadt Wittenberg and represents the main east-west connection in eastern Saxony-Anhalt . The A 9 is 40 km away (junction Coswig).
The federal highway 101 can be reached via the federal highway 187 in an easterly direction . This provides a connection to the greater Berlin area.
Bus transport
There is a bus route network with a thinned-out line operation in the entire municipality . The dial-a-bus system predominates with a low frequency of use by the local population.
ferry
From the Mauken district on the Elbe, a Gierseilferry leads to Pretzsch .
Culture and sights
sport and freetime
In Jessen there is a very strong association in all areas of society. The best- known sports club is SV Allemania 08 Jessen for football, volleyball, table tennis, gymnastics and parent-child gymnastics. The second important sports club is Jessener SV 53 . This offers departments in handball, athletics, bowling and recreational sports.
There are two larger and modern sports and multi-purpose halls and a multi-purpose stadium with a small grandstand .
Buildings
There are three castles from the Renaissance and Baroque periods in the city area. Two official buildings complete the outstanding ensemble of culturally and historically interesting buildings in Jessen.
The following list of buildings is a selection of the historically significant buildings in Jessen:
- Parish church St. Nicolai in Jessen with the important baroque pulpit altar (1696) from Groß Quenstedt by Valentin Kühne , renovation of the church 1979–1994
- Jessen Castle : acquired in 1862 by the brothers Carl and Fritz Raschig, who set up a cloth factory there; since 1999 seat of the city administration
- Parish Church of St. Marien in Schweinitz
- Office building Schweinitz
- Office building Seyda
- Gorsdorf village church
- Kleindröben village church
- Hemsendorf moated castle with park
- Klöden Castle
Market and St. Nicolai Church
Jessen Castle and Town Hall
Office building Seyda
Hemsendorf moated castle
Office building Schweinitz
City anthem
The Jessen pastor Ludwig Hosch (1859–1930) composed the “Jess'ner Heimatlied”, the text of which is sung to the melody of the 19th century student song “ O old Burschenherrlichkeit ”.
Parks and recreation
- Baderhag or Schlosspark Jessen-Altstadt: total area approx. 20,000 m², asphalt court for various sporting activities, 2 soccer goals, 2 basketball hoops, open-air stage and large lawn area
- Jahnpark Jessen: total size approx. 9,190 m², accommodation in six bungalows, multi-purpose building with kitchen, lounge and sanitary area, open-air stage, football, volleyball and basketball field, table tennis, campfire area with barbecue facilities
- Jessen-Süd animal park
- Jessen outdoor pool
- Dixförda swimming lake: adventure playground, beach volleyball court, sandy beach, sunbathing lawn, sanitary facilities, beach restaurant
- Hemsendorf Castle Park (16th century): total size approx. 43,011 m², holding the annual home and wine festival
- Mügeln leisure center: total size approx. 62,000 m², adjacent bathing lake, multi-purpose hall with sanitary facilities, 4 log cabins and a barbecue hut, playground, football goals, posts for volleyball
Regular events
- Every year on the second Sunday in August, the school and home festival, which is known beyond the city limits, takes place. For this occasion, Pastor Hosch composed the Jessen home song for the 75th anniversary of the school festival.
- On the Tuesday before the local festival weekend, the wine festival takes place on the castle meadows. On this occasion, the Jessen Wine Princess will be chosen at the end of a stage program with dance and song. Especially wine from the local wineries is served.
- The first weekend in December is the date for the Jessen Christmas market.
World Radiosport Team Championship 2018
The world amateur radio championship "World Radiosport Team Championship", WRTC, took place in 2018 in Jessen. In this competition , held every four years , teams of radio amateurs competed against each other. This was reported by the DARC and the WRTC2018 e. V. in a press release. The association provided information on the type and course of the event, which was being held in Germany for the first time, below. On October 1, 2017, the 63 from 12. – 17. Participating teams were nominated in July of the following year, of which a Lithuanian won ahead of a German and a US American.
Personalities
- Michael Stifel (around 1487–1567), theologian, mathematician and reformer, companion of Martin Luther, active as pastor in Holzdorf from 1541 to 1547
- Johann Vierdanck (1605–1646), composer and organist, born in Jessen
- Gottfried Meisner (1618–1690), Protestant theologian, superintendent in Jessen
- Christian Hennig von Jessen (1649–1719), pastor and linguist
- Friedrich Wilhelm Jahr (1707–1755), professor of theology at the University of Wittenberg, substitute , senior pastor and superintendent in Jessen
- Friedrich Müller (1714–1750), Evangelical Lutheran theologian, born in Jessen
- August Müller senior (1679–1749) German Evangelical Lutheran theologian, 1710–1716 Superintendent Jessen
- August Müller junior (1711–1789), Protestant theologian, born in Jessen
- Johann Bücher (1721–1785), Protestant theologian and philosopher, superintendent in Jessen
- August Wilhelm Heffter (1796–1880), legal scholar, professor and author of numerous legal works, born and raised in Schweinitz
- Georg Stoeckert (1843–1894), educator and author
- Karl Lamprecht (1856–1915), professor of history at the University of Leipzig , best known today for his role in the methodological dispute in historical studies, born in Jessen
- Bruno Müller (1859–1921), Protestant theologian, born in Seyda
- Ludwig Hosch (1859–1930), Protestant theologian, superintendent in Jessen
- Louis Herrmann (1861–1928), teacher and politician, member of the Prussian state parliament, born in Rade
- August Berger (1892–1945), social democratic local politician, lived in Jessen after his expulsion from Apolda, interned in 1944 by the Nazi regime in Sachsenhausen concentration camp , died there in February 1945
- Walther Siegmund-Schultze (1916–1993), musicologist, professor and university lecturer, born and raised in Schweinitz
literature
- Klaus Däumichen: Forays into the history of the Elbe. Torgau, Prettin, Axien, Plossig, Dautzschen, Jessen (Elster), Mauken, Lutherstadt Wittenberg. Drei-Kastanien-Verlag, Lutherstadt Wittenberg 2001, ISBN 978-3-933028-40-2 .
- Jörg Moser: The older components of the Jessen / Elster Castle as an example of early brick buildings in the Elbe-Elster area , in: G. Ulrich Großmann (Red.): Burgenbau im 13. Jahrhundert , Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 2002, ISBN 978- 3-422-06361-7 , p. 153 ff.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ State Statistical Office Saxony-Anhalt, population of the municipalities - as of December 31, 2019 (PDF) (update) ( help ).
- ↑ size classes of KGSt. Retrieved January 10, 2018 .
- ↑ Arnsdorfer-Jessener-Schweinitzer Mountains. Retrieved January 10, 2018 .
- ↑ Seydaland Vereinigte Agrarbetriebe GmbH & Co.KG: Potential recognized. P. 2 , accessed January 10, 2018 .
- ↑ protected geographical indication "Saxon country wine". P. 15 , accessed January 10, 2018 .
- ↑ Viticulture: Wine delivered by buckets. Retrieved January 10, 2018 .
- ^ German Weather Service, normal period 1961–1990
- ^ Main statute of the city of Jessen (Elster). (PDF; 42 kB) Accessed January 10, 2018 .
- ^ City of Jessen (Elster). Retrieved January 10, 2018 .
- ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Schweinitz district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ a b Jessen (Wittenberg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany) - population figures, graphics, map, location, weather and web information. Retrieved January 10, 2018 .
- ↑ statistically determined in the previous section
- ↑ Demographic report - Jessen (Elster). P. 4f , accessed on January 10, 2018 .
- ^ Database census 2011, Jessen (Elster), city, age + gender
- ↑ Demographic report - Jessen (Elster). Retrieved January 10, 2018 .
- ^ Georg Dehio: Administrative districts Dessau and Halle, Deutscher Kunstverlag, 1999, p. 342
- ^ Karl August Limmer: Draft of a documented, pragmatic history of the Duchy and Kuhr Duchy of New Saxony, as the so-called Kuhr or Wittenberg District with the Duchies of Anhalt: Not Regent, but State History, Verlag Friedrich Weber, Ronneburg 1838, p. 203
- ^ Friedrich-Wilhelm Heidemann: Handbook of the post-geography of the royal. Prussian States, Geographical Institute, 1819, p. 348
- ↑ "Jessen writes history". Retrieved January 10, 2018 .
- ^ Uprising of June 17th. Retrieved January 10, 2018 .
- ↑ Grid connection Jessen / Nord: 50Hertz builds the compactLine. Retrieved January 10, 2018 .
- ↑ Coronavirus: Jessen and Schweinitz under quarantine , https://www.mdr.de/sachsen-anhalt/dessau/wittenberg/coronavirus-covid-jessen-schweinitz-quarantaene-100.html
- ↑ Michael Richter: The formation of the Free State of Saxony: peaceful revolution, federalization, German unity 1989/90, vol. 1, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2004, chapter 4.2.2, decision of the Council of Ministers for five states including Saxony-Anhalt, p. 288
- ↑ Municipalities 1994 and their changes since January 1, 1948 in the new federal states , Metzler-Poeschel publishing house, Stuttgart, 1995, ISBN 3-8246-0321-7 , publisher: Federal Statistical Office
- ↑ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 1999
- ^ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 2004
- ↑ StBA: Area changes from January 01 to December 31, 2010
- ↑ GemNeuglG WB
- ↑ State Statistical Office Saxony-Anhalt: Result of the local elections on May 26, 2019 for Jessen and the city of Jessen (Elster): Announcement of the final election results of the election to the city council on May 26, 2019 , accessed on April 20, 2020
- ^ Main statute of the city of Jessen (Elster). (PDF; 42 kB) pp. 4–6 , accessed on January 10, 2018 .
- ^ Result of the mayoral election on November 9, 2014
- ^ Company statutes of the city of Jessen (Elster) of the district of Wittenberg from May 25, 2010 (in the version of the 1st amendment statute of December 11, 2012). Retrieved January 10, 2018 .
- ^ Jessen fire brigade (Elster). Retrieved January 10, 2018 .
- ↑ playground statutes. Statute on the use of public playgrounds that are sponsored by the city of Jessen. Retrieved January 10, 2018 .
- ^ Statutes on the use of the sports facilities of the city of Jessen (Elster). (in the version of the 1st amendment of February 15, 2011). Retrieved January 10, 2018 .
- ^ Statute on the cemetery and funeral system in the city of Jessen (Elster) of March 2, 2009 (in the version of the 3rd amendment of November 26, 2014). Retrieved January 10, 2018 .
- ↑ Statute on the use of public green spaces in the city of Jessen (Elster). (Green area statute). Retrieved January 10, 2018 .
- ^ Street list and overview of changes to house numbers in the city of Jessen (Elster). Retrieved January 10, 2018 .
- ↑ Associations. Retrieved January 10, 2018 .
- ↑ Of the 7500 employees in the village, 2500 are employed in the manufacturing industry, which consists of future-oriented technologies and has been newly created or modernized. 33% of employment in manufacturing in relation to total employment is above the national average.
- ↑ Census 9 May 2011 Jessen (Elster), city (district: Wittenberg). (No longer available online.) P. 18 , archived from the original on August 20, 2017 ; accessed on January 10, 2018 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Seydaland United farms GmbH & Co. KG: biogas. Retrieved January 10, 2018 .
- ↑ Major investment by Edeka in Jessen ( Memento of the original from June 7, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , MDR of January 19, 2016
- ^ Company - Wittenberg district. Retrieved January 10, 2018 .
- ↑ Internet presence of the GKR parish Jessen , accessed on November 18, 2015
- ^ Announcement from DARC on WRTC 2018 ( Memento from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Press release of the WRTC2018 e. V. (on the first page)
- ↑ Type and course of such a competition ( Memento from July 1, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ participant. Retrieved January 10, 2018 .
