List of astronomers
Astronomers with articles on Wikipedia:
A.
- Cleveland Abbe ( US , 1838-1916)
- Charles Greeley Abbot (USA, 1872–1973) determined the solar constant for the first time
- Antonio Abetti ( Italy , 1846–1928)
- Giorgio Abetti (Italy, 1882–1982) led two expeditions to observe solar eclipses in Siberia and Sudan
- John Couch Adams ( Great Britain , 1819-1892) calculated the position of Neptune
- Paul Ahnert ( Germany , 1897–1989)
- Eva Ahnert-Rohlfs (Germany, 1912–1954)
- George Biddell Airy (Great Britain and Northern Ireland, 1801-1892)
- Albatani ( Arabia , 10th century ) calculated, among other things, the length of the solar year
- George Eric Deacon Alcock (Great Britain, 1912–2000) discoverer of numerous comets and novas
- Heikki A. Alikoski (Finland, 1912–1997), discoverer of 13 asteroids
- Al-Zarqali (Spain, 11th century), co-editor of the Toledaner tablets
- Wilhelm Anderson (Estonia, 1880-1940)
- E. M. Antoniadi ( Greece and France , 1870-1944) produced maps of Mars and Mercury on
- Friedrich Simon Archenhold (Germany, 1861–1939)
- Sylvain Julien Victor Arend ( Belgium , 1902–1992) discovered several comets and 51 asteroids
- Friedrich Wilhelm Argelander (Germany, 1799-1875) led the Bonn survey by
- Christoph Arnold (1650–1695), German astronomer
- Heinrich Louis d'Arrest (Germany and Denmark , 1822-1875) discovered together with Johann Gottfried Galle to Neptune
- Asada Gōryū ( Japan , 1734–1799) founded modern astronomy in Japan
- Cecco d'Ascoli (1269–1327), Italian astronomer and astrologer, persecuted and burned by the Inquisition
- Michael Ashley , Australian astronomer
- Arthur Auwers (Germany, 1838 to 1915) presented very precise star catalogs and fundamental catalogs on
B.
- Walter Baade ( Germany , 1893–1960) determined the distance between the solar system and the center of the galaxy.
- Jean-Sylvain Bailly ( France , 1736–1793) calculated the orbit of Halley's Comet
- Johann Bayer (Germany, 1572–1625) introduced the Bayer names named after him for the systematic naming of stars with Greek and Latin letters.
- Wilhelm Beer (Germany, 1797-1850)
- Sergej Ivanovich Beljavski ( Russia or Soviet Union , 1883–1953) explored variable stars and discovered some asteroids.
- Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel (Germany, 1784–1846)
- Wilhelm von Biela (1782–1856) discovered the comet Biela named after him .
- Robert Blair ( Great Britain , 1748-1828)
- Nathaniel Bliss (British, 1700--1746)
- Johann Elert Bode (Germany, 1747–1826) became famous for his work on the orbit of Uranus
- Johann Gottlieb Friedrich von Bohnenberger (Germany, 1765–1831)
- William Cranch Bond ( USA , 1789–1859) discovered the eighth Saturn moon, Hyperion
- Freimut Börngen (Germany, * 1930), explored galaxies and discovered over 500 asteroids
- Karl Nikolai Jensen Börgen (Germany, 1843–1909)
- Alphonse Louis Nicolas Borrelly (France, 1842–1926) discovered 20 asteroids , 18 comets and six galaxies
- Roger Joseph Boscovich ( Croatia , 1711–1787)
- Pierre Bouguer (France, 1698–1785)
- Edward LG Bowell (USA, * 1943) discoverer of well over 500 asteroids
- Louis Boyer (France), discoverer of 40 asteroids
- James Bradley (British, 1692–1762)
- Tycho Brahe ( Denmark , 1546–1601)
- Rudolf Brandt (Germany, approx. 1900 to approx. 1980), observing the sun
- Theodor Brorsen (Denmark, 1819–1895) discovered five comets and the opposite of the zodiacal light
- Karl Christian Bruhns , (Germany, 1830–1881)
- Franz Friedrich Ernst Brünnow (Germany, 1821-1891)
- Heinrich Bruns , (Germany, 1848–1919)
- Johann Karl Burckhardt (Germany, 1773-1825)
- Bruno H. Bürgel (Germany, 1875–1948)
C.
- Antonio Cagnoli ( Italian , 1743-1816)
- Francesco Carlini (Italy, 1783–1862)
- Luigi Carnera (Italy, 1875–1962), discoverer of 16 asteroids
- Vincenzo Silvano Casulli (Italy, 1944–2018), amateur astronomer, discovered 86 asteroids.
- Richard Christopher Carrington ( Great Britain , 1826–1875)
- Giovanni Domenico Cassini (Italian, 1625-1712)
- Jean Dominique Comte de Cassini ( France , 1748–1845) was a cartographer and director of the Paris observatory
- Bonaventura Cavalieri (Italy, 1598–1647)
- Anders Celsius ( Sweden , 1701–1744)
- Vincenzo Cerulli (Italy, 1859-1927)
- Jean Chacornac (France, 1823–1873)
- Seth Carlo Chandler ( US , 1846–1913)
- Auguste Charlois (France, 1846–1910) discovered 99 asteroids
- Jean-Philippe de Chéseaux (Swiss, 1718–1751)
- Thomas Clausen (Germany, 1801–1885), calculated numerous comet orbits
- Edwin Foster Coddington (USA, 1870–1950) discovered three asteroids and one comet.
- S. Cofré (discovered a total of 11 asteroids in 1968 with Carlos Torres )
- Jérôme-Eugène Coggia (France, 1849–1919) discovered several comets and five asteroids
- Josep Comas i Solà (Spain, 1868–1937) was the first to postulate the atmosphere of Titan, discoverer of 11 asteroids and 2 comets
- Andrew Ainslie Common (England, 1841-1903)
- Edward Joshua Cooper (Ireland, 1798–1863)
- Pablo Cottenot (France, 19th century)
- William Crabtree ( England , 1610-1644)
- Andrew Crommelin ( Great Britain , 1865–1939) calculated the exact position of comets
D.
- Heinrich Ludwig d'Arrest ( Germany , 1822–1875), Catalog of Nebulae and Spectroscopy
- William Rutter Dawes ( England , 1799–1868) made detailed drawings of Mars and measured double stars
- Leo Anton Carl de Ball (Germany, 1853-1916)
- Annibale de Gasparis ( Italy , 1819-1892)
- Jean Joseph Delambre ( France , 1749–1822), solar and planetary tables, first geodetic degree measurement Dunkirk-Barcelona
- Henri-Alexandre Deslandres (France, 1853-1948)
- Eugène Delporte ( Belgium , 1882–1955)
- Giambattista Donati ( Italy , 1826–1873)
- Raymond Smith Dugan ( US , 1878-1940)
- James Dunlop ( Scotland and Australia , 1793-1848)
E.
- Arthur Stanley Eddington ( Great Britain , 1882–1944)
- Robert Ellery (Great Britain / Australia), (1827–1908), co-founder of the Melbourne Observatory
- Hans Elsässer ( Germany , 1929–2003), co-founder of the magazine Sterne und Weltraum
- Johann Franz Encke (Germany, 1791–1865) calculated the orbit of Encke's comet , which was later named after him
- Robert Evans ( Australia , * 1937), amateur astronomer and record holder in the visual discovery of supernovae
F.
- David Fabricius ( Germany , 1564–1617) discovered the variability of the star Mira
- Johann Fabricius (Germany, 1587-1616 or 1617) independently discovered by Galileo Galilei , the sunspots .
- Philipp Fauth (Germany, 1867-1941) mapped the moon and sat for Welteislehre a
- James Ferguson ( Scotland , 1710-1776)
- James Ferguson (Scotland and United States , 1797–1867)
- Gaspare Stanislao Ferrari ( Italy , 1834–1903)
- Daniel Fischer (astronomer) (Germany, 1964)
- Vasily Fyodorov ( Russia , 1802–1855)
- Camille Flammarion ( France , 1842-1925)
- John Flamsteed ( England , 1646-1719)
- Joseph von Fraunhofer (Germany, 1787–1826)
- Wilhelm Foerster (Germany, 1832-1921)
G
- Galileo Galilei ( Italy , 1564–1642)
- Johann Gottfried Galle (Germany, 1812–1910)
- Josef M. Gaßner ( Germany , 1966)
- Carl Friedrich Gauß (Germany, 1777–1855)
- Henry Lee Giclas (US, 1910-2007)
- Alan C. Gilmore (New Zealand), co-discoverer of comets and 40 asteroids
- Sergei Pawlowitsch Glasenapp (Russia, 1848–1937)
- Hermann Mayer Salomon Goldschmidt (Germany, 1802–1866)
- François Gonnessiat (France, 1856–1934), explored comets and discovered two asteroids
- John Goodricke (England, 1764–1786)
- Andrew Graham ( Ireland , 1815-1907)
- John Grigg (England / New Zealand, 1838–1920)
- Walter Grotrian (Germany, 1890–1954), researched the solar corona and zodiacal lights
- Paul Guthnick (Germany, 1879–1947)
- Hugo Gyldén (Sweden, 1841-1896)
H
- John Hadley ( England , 1682-1744)
- Friedrich Graf von Hahn ( Germany , 1742–1805)
- George Ellery Hale ( US , 1868–1938)
- Asaph Hall (USA, 1829–1907), discoverer of the Martian moons ( Phobos and Deimos )
- Edmond Halley (England, 1656-1742)
- Peter Andreas Hansen ( Denmark / Germany , 1796–1874)
- Karl Ludwig Harding ( Germany , 1765–1834)
- Guillermo Haro (Mexico, 1913–1988)
- Juan Hartmann (Argentina), discovered 3 asteroids, 1922–1934 director of the La Plata observatory
- Günther Hasinger ( Germany , 1954)
- Eduard Heis (Germany, 1806–1877) studied variable stars and meteors
- Joseph Helffrich (Germany, 1872–?) Discoverer of asteroids
- Eleanor Helin (US, 1932-2009)
- Karl Ludwig Hencke (Germany, 1793–1866)
- Paul Henry ( France , 1848-1905)
- Prosper Henry (France, 1849–1903)
- Robert Henseling (Germany, 1883–1964)
- Caroline Herschel (England, 1750-1848)
- John Herschel (England, 1792–1871)
- Wilhelm Herschel (England, 1738–1822)
- Ejnar Hertzsprung ( Denmark , 1873–1967), jointly responsible for the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram
- Johannes Hevelius , also Hevel or Hevelke (Danzig / Poland , 1611–1687), built the longest lens telescopes and wrote widely used specialist books
- George William Hill ( US , 1838–1914)
- John Russell Hind ( Great Britain , 1823–1895)
- Hipparchus ( Nicaea , approx. 190 BC – 120 BC)
- Giovanni Battista Hodierna ( Italian , 1597-1660)
- Cuno Hoffmeister (Germany, 1892–1968)
- Edward Singleton Holden (USA, 1846–1914), Naval Observatory and Lick Observatory
- Josef Hopmann ( Leipzig , Vienna , 1890–1975)
- Jeremiah Horrocks (England, 1619-1641)
- Edwin Hubble (US, 1889–1953)
- Christiaan Huygens ( Netherlands , 1629–1695)
- Hypatia ( Alexandria , 370–415) was the first woman to give lectures on philosophy, mathematics, mechanics and astronomy
I.
- Johann Abraham Ihle ( Germany , 1627- ~ 1699)
- Miguel Itzigsohn ( Argentina , 1908–1978)
J
- Stéphane Javelle (France, 1864-1917)
- Harold Spencer Jones (Great Britain, 1890-1960)
K
- Lisa Kaltenegger (* 1977), Austrian astronomer
- Hiroshi Kaneda (Japan) co-discoverer of around 700 asteroids
- Karpos of Antioch , 1st or 2nd century AD
- Johannes Kepler ( Germany / Prague , 1571–1630)
- Hans Kienle (Germany, 1895–1975)
- Pamela M. Kilmartin (New Zealand) discovered 40 asteroids and explored comets
- Steven Kilston ( USA , * 1944) discoverer of a comet
- Christfried Kirch ( Prussia , 1694–1740)
- Christine Kirch (Prussia, 1697–1782)
- Gottfried Kirch (Prussia, 1639–1710)
- Maria Margaretha Kirch (Prussia, 1670–1720)
- Johannes Klein ( Prague 1684–1762)
- Viktor Knorre ( Russia / Germany, 1840-1919)
- As an amateur astronomer, Takao Kobayashi (Japan) discovered over 2000 asteroids and one comet
- Johann Gottfried Köhler ( Germany , 1745–1800)
- Rudolf König ( Austria , 1865–1927)
- Miklós Konkoly-Thege ( Hungary , 1842–1916)
- Nicolaus Copernicus ( Prussian royal share , 1473–1543)
- Kazimierz Kordylewski ( Poland , 1903–1981) discovered the Kordylewski clouds
- Nikolai Alexandrowitsch Kosyrew ( Russia / Soviet Union , 1908–1983) discovered temporary luminous phenomena ( Lunar Transient Phenomena ) in the lunar crater Alphonsus
- Karl Kreil (1798–1862), Austrian astronomer and meteorologist
- Heinrich Kreutz (Germany, 1854–1907) recognized that the comets of the Kreutz group belong together
- Gerard Peter Kuiper (USA, 1905–1973)
L.
- Claes-Ingvar Lagerkvist ( Sweden , 1944)
- Guillaume Le Gentil (French, 1725–1792)
- Joseph Jérôme Lefrançais de Lalande ( French , 1732–1807)
- Johann Heinrich Lambert ( Germany , 1728–1777)
- Pierre Simon Laplace (French, 1749-1827)
- Joseph Jean Pierre Laurent (France)
- Kenneth Lawrence ( USA )
- Henrietta Swan Leavitt (US, 1868-1921)
- Harald Lesch ( Germany , 1960)
- Urbain Jean Joseph Leverrier (France, 1811–1877)
- David Levy (US, 1948)
- Bernhard von Lindenau (Germany, 1779–1845)
- Wilhelm Oswald Lohse (Germany, 1855–1915)
- Bernard Lovell ( Great Britain , 1913–2012)
- Karl Theodor Robert Luther (Germany, 1822–1900)
- Willem Jacob Luyten ( Netherlands , USA, 1899–1994)
- Bernard Ferdinand Lyot (France, 1897–1952)
M.
- Johann Heinrich Mädler ( Germany , 1794–1874)
- Michael Mästlin (Germany, 1550-1631)
- Tobias Mayer (Germany, 1723–1762)
- Robert McNaught (Australia), discoverer of over 350 asteroids.
- Pierre Méchain (French, 1744–1804)
- Georg Merz (Germany, 1793–1867)
- Charles Messier ( French , 1730-1817)
- Joel Hastings Metcalf ( USA , 1866–1925), discovered 41 asteroids and 5 comets
- Max Wilhelm Meyer (Germany, 1853-1910)
- Elia Millosevich ( Italy , 1848-1919)
- Maria Mitchell ( United States , 1818-1889)
- August Ferdinand Möbius (Germany, 1790–1868)
- Hans Momsen (Germany, 1735-1811)
- Geminiano Montanari ( Italy , 1633–1687) discovered around 1667 that the brightness of the Algol is variable.
- Patrick Moore ( England , 1923–2012)
- Frank Muller ( USA , 1862-1917)
- Andreas Müller (Germany, 1973)
N
- Georg von Neumayer (Germany, 1826–1909)
- Grigoriy Nikolaevich Neujmin (Russia, 1886–1946)
- Jerry Nelson (United States, 1944-2017)
- Isaac Newton (British, 1643-1727)
- Peter Nilson (Sweden, 1937–1998)
- Dirck Rembrantsz van Nierop (Dutch, 1610–1682)
- Pieter Rembrantsz van Nierop (Dutch, 1658–1708)
O
- Okuro Oikawa ( Japan , 1896-1970), the first Japanese man who asteroid discovered
- Heinrich Wilhelm Olbers ( Bremen , Germany , 1758–1840) discovered Pallas and Vesta and formulated the Olbers paradox
- Jan Hendrik Oort ( Netherlands , 1900–1992) postulated the Oort cloud
- Ernst Öpik ( Estonia and Northern Ireland , 1893–1985) calculated the distance of the Andromeda Nebula
- Barnaba Oriani , ( Italy , 1752–1832) director of the Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera
- Liisi Oterma ( Finland , 1915-2001) discovered 54 asteroids
P
- Johann Palisa ( Trieste , Vienna , Austria , 1848–1925), discovered 123 asteroids
- Johann George Palitzsch (Germany ( Electoral Saxony ), 1723–1788), discovered 1P / Halley
- Lawrence Parsons , 4th Earl of Rosse (1840-1908)
- William Parsons , 3rd Earl of Rosse (1800–1867), mostly cited as Lord Rosse : giant telescopes and first galaxy research , discoverer of the spiral arms on the M51.
- André Patry (France, 1902–1960), discovered 9 asteroids
- Carl Frederick Pechüle ( Denmark , 1843–1914)
- Leslie Copus Peltier (US, 1900-1980)
- Christian August Friedrich Peters ( Germany , 1806–1880)
- Christian Heinrich Friedrich Peters (Germany, 1813–1890)
- Georg von Peuerbach (Austria, 1423–1461)
- Giuseppe Piazzi ( Italy , 1746–1826)
- William Henry Pickering ( USA , 1858–1938), discovered Saturn's moons; Meteorites, Transneptune
- Edward Pigott ( England , 1753-1825)
- Paris Pişmiş (1911–1999), discovered 24 star clusters
- Norman Robert Pogson ( England , 1829-1891)
- Grzegorz Pojmański (Poland), (1959)
- Jean-Louis Pons ( France , 1761–1831) discovered 37 comets
- Carolyn Porco (USA, * 1953)
- Mary Proctor ( USA , 1862–1957) was a well-known author of astronomical works
- Richard Anthony Proctor ( England , 1837–1888) made one of the first maps of Mars and wrote numerous astronomical works
- Claudius Ptolemy ( Alexandria , about 90 -165)
- Alois Purgathofer ( Austria , 1925–1984)
Q
- Lambert Adolphe Jacques Quételet ( Belgium , 1796–1874)
R.
- David Lincoln Rabinowitz ( USA , * 1960)
- Regiomontanus (actually Johannes Müller, Germany , 1436–1476)
- Karl Wilhelm Reinmuth (Germany, 1892–1979)
- George Willis Ritchey (US, 1864–1945)
- Ole Rømer ( Denmark , 1644-1710)
- William Parsons Earl of Rosse ( Ireland , 1800–1867)
- Henry Norris Russell ( USA , 1877–1957), developer of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram
S.
- Carl Sagan ( US , 1934-1996)
- Christoph Scheiner ( Germany , 1575–1650)
- Giovanni Schiaparelli ( Italy , 1835-1910)
- Julius Schiller (Germany,? –1627)
- Eduard Schönfeld (Germany, 1828-1891)
- Richard Reinhard Emil Schorr (Germany 1867–1951), director of the Hamburg-Bergedorf observatory , discovered 2 asteroids
- Johann Hieronymus Schroeter ( Lilienthal near Bremen , Germany, 1745–1816)
- Lipót Schoolyard ( Hungary , 1847–1921)
- Herman Schultz ( Sweden , 1823–1890)
- Heinrich Christian Schumacher ( Altona , Denmark / Germany, 1780–1850)
- Karl Schwarzschild (Germany, 1873-1916)
- George Mary Searle (US, 1838-1918)
- Angelo Secchi (Vatican Observatory, Italy , 1818–1878)
- Thomas Jefferson Jackson See (US, 1866–1962)
- Hugo von Seeliger (Germany, 1849–1924), German astronomer, multiple stars
- Tsutomu Seki ( Japan , 1930) discovered the comet Ikeya-Seki and 218 asteroids
- Harlow Shapley (US, 1885-1972)
- Eugene Shoemaker (US, 1928–1997)
- Brian A. Skiff (USA), discoverer of comets and asteroids
- Charles Piazzi Smyth ( Scotland , 1819-1900)
- Jan Śniadecki ( Poland , 1756-1830)
- Anton Staus (Germany, 1872–1955)
- Édouard Jean-Marie Stephan ( France , 1837–1923)
- Johannes Stöffler (Germany, 1452–1531)
- Friedrich Georg Wilhelm Struve (Germany / Russia , 1793–1864) examined double stars
- Otto Wilhelm von Struve (Russia, 1819–1905)
- Otto von Struve (USA, 1897–1963)
- Clifford Stoll (USA, 1951)
- Lewis A. Swift (US, 1820-1913)
T
- Kesao Takamizawa ( Japan , * 1952) discovered 4 comets
- John Tebbutt ( Australia , 1834-1916)
- Ernst Wilhelm Leberecht Tempel ( Germany , 1821–1889) discovered five asteroids , thirteen comets and 150 nebulae
- Jana Tichá ( Czech Republic ), (* 1965) asteroid and comet observer, director of the Klet 'observatory
- Friedrich Tietjen (Germany, 1834–1895)
- François Félix Tisserand , ( France , 1845-1896)
- Johann Daniel Titius ( Prussia , 1729–1796)
- Clyde Tombaugh ( US , 1906-1997)
- Carlos Torres (discovered a total of 11 asteroids in 1968 with S. Cofré )
- Nikolai Stepanowitsch Tschernych (Russia, 1931-2004) discovered several comets and 537 asteroids
- Lyudmila Ivanovna Tschernych (Russia, 1935–2017) discovered 268 asteroids
- Horace Parnell Tuttle (US, 1837-1923)
U
- Ulug Beg ( Uzbekistan , 1393–1449)
- Albrecht Unsöld ( Germany , 1905-1995)
V
- Yrjö Väisälä ( Finland , 1891–1971), geodesist and astronomer, discoverer of numerous asteroids
- Jean Elias Benjamin Valz ( France , 1787–1867) suspected a then hypothetical planet beyond Uranus
- Hendrik van Gent ( Netherlands , 1900–1947), discovered 39 asteroids
- Cornelis Johannes van Houten ( Netherlands , 1920–2002) discovered a total of 3,133 asteroids with Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld and Tom Gehrels
- Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld (Netherlands, 1921–2015) discovered a total of 3,133 asteroids with Cornelis Johannes van Houten-Groeneveld and Tom Gehrels
- Zdeňka Vávrová (Czech Republic), discovered 114 asteroids
- Hermann Carl Vogel (Germany, 1841–1907) was director of the Astrophysical Observatory Potsdam
- Alexander N. Vyssotsky ( Russia and USA , 1888–1973)
W.
- Arthur Arno Wachmann ( Germany , 1902–1990), discovered several asteroids and comets
- Max Waldmeier ( Switzerland , 1912-2000)
- Fred Watson ( Australia )
- James Craig Watson ( US , 1838-1880)
- Paul Wild (Switzerland, 1925–2014), discovered 94 asteroids and 7 comets
- Friedrich August Theodor Winnecke (Germany, 1835-1897)
- Gustav Witt (Germany, 1866-1946)
- Max Wolf (Germany, 1863–1932) discovered 235 asteroids, including the first Trojan , Achilles .
- John Adams Whipple (US, 1822-1891)
- Peter Wellmann (Germany, 1913–1999)
Z
- Franz Xaver von Zach ( Germany , 1754–1832)
- Abraham Zacuto ( Spain and Portugal , 1452–1510) developed the "Almanach Perpetuum", which was used in seafaring.
- Johann Jacob Zimmermann ( Germany , 1644–1693)
- Fritz Zwicky ( Switzerland , 1898–1974) discovered a total of 123 supernovae .