Ris orangis

Ris orangis
region	Île-de-France
Department	Essonne
Arrondissement	Evry
Canton	Ris-Orangis (main town)
Community association	Grand Paris Sud Seine-Essonne-Sénart
Coordinates	48 ° 39 ′ N , 2 ° 25 ′ E Coordinates: 48 ° 39 ′ N , 2 ° 25 ′ E
height	32-82 m
surface	8.31 km 2
Residents	29,225 (January 1, 2017)
Population density	3,517 inhabitants / km 2
Post Code	91130
INSEE code	91521
Website	www.ville-ris-orangis.fr
	; The city hall

Ris-Orangis is a commune with 29,225 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the department of Essonne in the region of Ile-de-France . It is located 23 kilometers southeast of Paris and is the capital of the canton of Ris-Orangis . It is also the seat of the Deanery Ris-Orangis-Grigny .

The place was already settled in prehistoric times . In the Middle Ages Ris-Orangis became a commander of the Knights Templar and then made a living from viticulture . In 1790, the country's first mayoral elections took place in the municipality. In the 1960s, the connection to the motorway and the Paris high-speed rail network led to strong urbanization . After the decision was made to withdraw from the Ville-nouvelle project in the neighboring town of Évry , Ris-Orangis joined the Évry Center Essonne community . In 2016, this became part of the Communauté d'agglomération Grand Paris Sud Seine-Essonne-Sénart .

geography

location

Location of Ris-Orangis in the Essonne department

**Structural use 2003**
Structural use	percent	Area (in hectares)
Covered areas	53.08%	440.88
Non-built-up areas	22.79%	189.31
Natural areas	24.13%	200.38
Source: Iaurif

Ris-Orangis is located in the Île-de-France region, in the northeast of the Essonne department, integrated into the Paris agglomeration , on the northeast border of the Hurepoix natural area . The municipal area is trapezoidal with an area of approximately 831 hectares , of which around 53% are built over, 23% are not built over and 24% are natural or agricultural. The longest surface diagonal measures five kilometers in a northeast-southwest direction, the smallest one from northwest to southeast is one kilometer. The municipality is bounded in the northeast by the Seine and in the south by the Écoute-s'il-Pleut brook.

The town hall of the municipality is located exactly 23 kilometers southeast of the Paris Point Zéro at the Notre-Dame Cathedral . Three kilometers south is Évry, seven kilometers southeast of Corbeil-Essonnes , eleven kilometers west of Montlhéry , 14 kilometers northwest of Palaiseau , 14 kilometers southwest of Arpajon , 20 kilometers southwest of La Ferté-Alais , 28 kilometers south of Milly-la-Forêt , 31 kilometers south of Étampes and 33 kilometers southwest of Dourdan . In a south-easterly direction it is also 306 kilometers to Ris in the Puy-de-Dôme department and 659 kilometers to the south-west to Ris in the Hautes-Pyrénées department .

Hydrography

The Seine runs along the northeastern municipal boundary and covers three kilometers in the municipality. There are several inundation lakes in the immediate vicinity, one of which belongs to the Lac de Viry-Châtillon downstream . Several larger ornamental ponds can be found at the Dranem Foundation hospital, in the domain of Aunette, in Fromont park and in the industrial park of Orme Pomponne. In the extreme south of the municipality, the stream Écoute-s'il-pleut (in German, listen if it's raining ) flows into the Seine . In the south-western part of the municipality an underground aqueduct runs from south to north , which transports drinking water from the Vanne and the Loing to the Montsouris reserve in Paris.

Topography and geology

The municipality of Ris-Orangis is located on the eastern edge of the Hurepoix plateau, on the western slope of the Seine valley. The community area falls in steps from 85 m in height at the former racecourse in the south to 34 m in height on the river on the border with Draveil . In the west the gradient up to Route nationale 7 and the 77 m high plateau district is relatively weak. Further north, the terrain drops to a height of 56 m at the gendarmerie 600 m away and to just 37 m at the northern border with Grigny .

The subsoil is made up of successive layers of sand , sediment , marl and gypsum . The deepest layer is formed from the limestone typical of the Paris basin .

City structure

Ris-Orangis is divided into several districts . To the north of route nationale 7 are the Parc de Fromont, Hameaux de la Roche and Ris-Select districts. To the south you can find the Theuillerie, Bel-Air, Domaine de l'Aunette, Plateau, Ferme du Temple, the large housing estate Moulin à Vent, Terres Saint-Lazare and Orme Pomponne. To the south of the motorway is the Bois de l'Épine industrial park . Several locations still bear their old field names, such as Bois du Kiosque, Bois du Temple ("temple forest"), Aunette, Trousseau, Pré aux vaches ("cow pastures") and Parc d'Orangis.

The Insee Institute divides the municipality into twelve statistical zones : Trousseau-Hameau Roche, Maire-Gare, Artistes lyriques-la Theuillerie, Center 1 and 2, Aunette, Ferme du Temple, Ferme d'Orangis, Moulin à vent 1 and 2 as well Saint-Lazare-Bois de l'Épine-Hippodrome. The large housing estate of Plateau is classified as a problematic urbaine sensitive zone (ZUS). The residential areas "Rénovation", "Oiseaux" north of the N 7 and "Gare" at the station will receive a renovation program in the future .

Neighboring communities

The Seine forms a natural border with the municipality of Draveil in the north and northeast and the municipality of Soisy-sur-Seine in the east. In the southeast, the rue de l'Écorne-Bœuf , the route départementale 92 and the stream Écoute-s'il-Pleut mark the border with Évry. The stream also separates the municipality of Courcouronnes in the south. In the south-west there is a short border section to Bondoufle , in the west the route de la Chasse and the forest path of the Hôtel-Dieu serve as the border line to Fleury-Mérogis and in the north-west the avenue de la Première Armée française Rhin et Danube and the chemin des Glaises separate Ris-Orangis from Grigny.

population

Population development

In the first census , introduced in 1793 , Ris had 553 inhabitants and lost a tenth of its population after the decline of individual aristocratic estates. It then began to grow slowly to 864 inhabitants in 1851, before the thousand mark was exceeded ten years later. The Franco-Prussian War caused the population to drop to 990 in 1870, before growing again to 1,495 inhabitants by the turn of the century. From the interwar period , the population increased with the development of housing estates to 3,783 inhabitants in 1936. During the Trente Glorieuses , the construction of large housing estates caused a population explosion to 9,027 inhabitants in 1962 and to 23,511 inhabitants six years later. The population peaked in 1975 before a slight decline and finally stabilization set in by the turn of the millennium. With a proportion of foreigners of 10.9% (1999), immigration had only a minor impact on the population growth. Of these, 3.3% were Portuguese , 1.2% Turks , 1% Algerians and Moroccans , 0.4% Italians , 0.2% Tunisians and Spaniards .

year	1793	1800	1821	1831	1851	1861	1872	1901	1936
Residents	553	494	623	590	864	1.101	990	1,495	3,783
year	1962	1968	1975	1982	1990	1999	2006	2008	2012
Residents	9,027	23,511	27,249	24,925	24,677	24,437	26,620	27.006	26,800

Living and Income Standards

In 2008 over 11,800 people were in employment, although only around 6,800 jobs were available in Ris-Orangis. Ie a large part of the inhabitants worked in another municipality. The unemployment rate in the same year was 11.5% and was thus well above the national average ( 7.4% ). 83% of employees worked in the public sector or in a permanent contract . This resulted in an imbalance in income. The average net taxable income in 2008 was 31,042 euros , but only 61% of the population was subject to income tax . With an average tax revenue of 17,846 euros per household, Ris-Orangis was only 8,010 in the national comparison among municipalities with more than five thousand inhabitants and 177 in the department. 55% of the residents were homeowners, 30% lived in social housing .

history

Origin of name

The name of the place is derived from the Latin word rico ("furrow"). At the time of the French Revolution , the municipality was called Brutus before it was renamed Ris in 1793 . The current name was introduced by the Bulletin des lois in 1801.

Emergence

Unearthed mammoth teeth , stone axes, pieces of bronze and a sarcophagus indicate human life during the Stone and Bronze Ages . The area was probably located on the ancient road from Lutetia to Lugdunum in Gallo-Roman times .

In 1919 Merovingian graves were found at the “Les soixante arpents” field . In 922 King Robert I donated the parish of Ris , consecrated to Blasius von Sebaste , to the Abbey of Saint-Magloire . Two separate villages with the names Regis and Orengiacum are known as early as the 12th century . The former Saint-Blaise church also dates from this period.

In the 13th century the Knights Templar owned a commander and a manor in Ris, of which the former was demolished on the orders of Louis XIV .

Aristocratic estates

Map of the Ris and Orangis region by Cassini (17th century)

A first lock from 1159 was found on the Dranem Foundation's property. From the 16th century the Seigneurie von Ris belonged to the Faucon de Ris family . Ris owned numerous castles, one of which was often visited by Henry IV . In the 17th century, the knight Philippe de Lorraine had the Château de Ris built in place of the former Templar commander . Shortly thereafter, Étienne Soulange-Bodin , based on the British Royal Horticultural Society , set up a royal garden institute in Fromont.

Around 1700 the Seigneurie of Ris returned to the family of the Lyonais printer Anisson- Dupéron, where they remained until the execution of the last lord Étienne-Alexandre-Jacques Anisson-Dupéron in 1794. During the French Revolution, the residents of Ris decided to name their new parish after Brutus , the founder of the Roman Republic . In the 18th century, the officer Charles-René de Bombelles built the Château d'Orangis . In 1802 General Michel Ordener acquired the Trousseau castle. On January 11, 1790, the first French mayoral elections took place in Ris.

Agriculture and industrialization

Until the 19th century, most of the residents of Ris were winemakers who produced white wine on the slopes of the Seine . In 1843 the station was inaugurated. In 1874 an aqueduct was laid in the west of the municipality, which carried water from the Vanne and the Loing to Paris. In 1907 the city's first public school was built. In 1918 the railway company bought back the mission of the Marist Fathers in order to build a sanatorium there. In 1927, the municipality acquired the Château de Ris to use it as a town hall. During the Second World War , the city was occupied by the Germans who used the school École Jules Boulesteix as a depot and set it on fire before leaving the city. In 1946 the Blédine-Jacquemaire company bought back the former Progil factory.

politics

Ris-Orangis is the only municipality in the canton of the same name. The canton is incorporated into the arrondissement of Évry and politically integrated into constituency 9 of Essonne . In the corporate directory Ris-Orangis is under the number SIREN 219 105 210 registered. The municipality's APE code is 8411Z. As a founding member of the communal association Communauté d'agglomération Évry Center Essonne , the municipality is responsible for various tasks within this association. These include economic development, regional planning, social housing, drinking water supply, the management of green and forest areas, the construction of leisure and recreational facilities and the organization of sporting events. The municipality's jurisdiction lies with the District Court , Commercial Court , Regional Court and Labor Court of Évry.

City council

The mayor chairs the city council , which consists of 35 deputies. The mayor is supported in his duties by 13 aldermen and 21 council delegates.

Composition of the City Council (mandate 2014–2020)
Political party	Chairman	Election result	Council seats
PS	Stéphane Raffalli	48.50%	27
DVD	Yves Liebmann	36.92%	6th
FN	Laurent breastfeeding	14.56%	2

mayor

Four mayors have been elected in Ris-Orangis since 1944:

List of mayors since 1944
Period		Surname	Political party	job
1944	1947	Jean-Pierre Gourdou	CDL	mechanic
1947	1971	Henri Collet		Entrepreneur
1971	1995	Daniel Perrin	PCF	typesetter
1995	2012	Thierry Mandon	PS	General councilor , personnel consultant
2012	til today	Stéphane Raffalli	PS	General Council

Political tendencies and election results

Although ruled by the left since the 1970s , Ris-Orangis appears to be relatively neutral politically with regard to the latest election results, with no particular left or right electoral tendencies. The municipal and cantonal ballots are an exception, in which the mayor and general councilor Thierry Mandon (PS) was regularly re-elected - first in 2001, then again with a greater lead in 2008, when Mandon won the mayoral elections in the first ballot. In 2002, the voters of Ris gave the Front National candidate an above-average number of votes in the presidential election and the majority voted for the incumbent Georges Tron (UMP) in the parliamentary elections . In the 2007 presidential election , they voted with a narrow majority for the candidate Nicolas Sarkozy , but preferred their mayor for the parliamentary elections, unlike the rest of the constituency. In the regional elections in 2004 and 2010, as well as in the European elections in 2004, the left won a majority of votes; in the European elections in 2009, the UMP candidate was ahead. In 2005, the overwhelming majority of Ris-Orangis rejected the EU Constitutional Treaty , even though voters had still supported the Maastricht Treaty in 1992.

Budget, taxes and social housing

In 2009 the municipality had a budget of 41,621,000 euros . Of this, 37,099,000 euros were earmarked for current expenditure and 4,522,000 euros for investments. 35.12% of the money is financed through local taxes. The tax rate for the residential tax is 17.31% . The property tax for developed and non-buildable land is 21.47% or 106.32% , the cross-municipal trade tax is 16.67% . The municipal debt reached 41,877,000 euros in 2009 , which corresponds to a per capita debt of 1,562 euros . In the same year, the municipality had 3,225 social housing in its area, which were divided between nine different social housing associations. With a 30% share of the total stock of all apartments, the municipality is well above the recommendations of the law for solidarity and urban renewal .

Twin cities

Ris-Orangis has had Salfeet in Palestine and Tel Mond in Israel as twin cities since 2000 .

Economy and Infrastructure

economy

Saturn's French headquarters

The municipality is located in the catchment area of Évry, which in 1999 comprised almost 70 municipalities and 270,000 inhabitants, 9% of which come from Ris-Orangis. Although primarily intended as a residential area, several companies have settled in the community. In 2009 there were around 1,200 commercial enterprises, 64% of which were in the tertiary sector . The largest industrial areas are in the northeast on the banks of the Seine, in the west (Terres Saint-Lazare and Orme Pomponne industrial parks) and in the south (Bois de l'Epine), where the French headquarters of the Saturn electronics chain is located. One of the most important industrial companies is the metal foundry Fonderie de Gentilly directly on the A6 autoroute. Agriculture and tourism play a subordinate role. In 1988, three farms were still active on an area of 734 hectares , but six years later they had all disappeared. The municipality has neither a hotel nor a campsite.

traffic

Ris-Orangis train station

Of the various traffic axes that run through the municipality, the Seine, which is mainly used to transport goods, is the oldest. It has two loading bays in the neighboring communities of Évry and Viry-Châtillon . The Pont de l'Amitié (" Friendship Bridge ") allows you to cross the river towards Draveil. Two railway lines run parallel to the river from north to south , which are mainly used by the Ligne D du RER d'Île-de-France . On the Villeneuve-Saint-Georges-Montargis route along the river bank, the municipality has two train stations, the Ris-Orangis train station and, further upstream, the Grand Bourg train station . In the direction of the plateau, the Grigny – Corbeil-Essonnes line branches off with the Grigny – Center station not far from the border with Ris-Orangis and the Orangis – Bois de l'Épine station further south .

The municipality is crossed by two highways along the Seine valley. The former route nationale 7 (N 7), also known as avenue de la Liberation , runs in the northeast . In the south-west, the Autoroute A 6 operates with two exits, the Route nationale 104 and the route départementale 91 leading to the N 7 . In addition to the D 91, the D 31 crosses the community from west to east and leaves it when crossing the Seine in the northeast.

The trunk roads are used by several bus lines , including line DM4 from the Daniel Meyer bus company , line 91-09 from Albatrans , a total of nine lines from TICE and night bus lines N135 and N144. In addition, the community is located nine kilometers southeast of Paris-Orly Airport and 41 kilometers southwest of Paris-Charles-de-Gaulle Airport .

education

AFPA education center

The schools in Ris-Orangis are attached to the Academy of Versailles . The municipality has a total of three pre-schools , two elementary schools and four primary schools . The higher educational institutions include two colleges and a technical school. There is also a vocational training center for adults (Center AFPA ).

The primary school Groupe scolaire Adrien Guerton in the city center near the town hall already existed in 1907 under the name "Groupe scolaire du Center". Ris-Orangis' first public school was officially opened on September 27, 1908 . For the construction, the municipality acquired part of the property from the Riser Castle Park and in particular the gatehouse on it , which housed a chapel and was demolished for the new school building. The schoolyard is divided into two halves due to the separation of boys and girls at the time. In 1946 the city council renamed it after the former mayor Adrien Guerton .

Today's École Jules Boulesteix was built in the Orangis district in 1933 . Initially named “Ecole du Domaine” or “Ecole du Plateau”, it was located on the outskirts of the city, quite isolated. As with all non-mixed schools at the time, their inner courtyard was separated by a wall. An open gallery provided access to the classrooms from the courtyard; it was later fitted with large glass windows. During the Second World War, Germans occupied the school and used the cellars as storage rooms. During the liberation in 1944, the school was set on fire. In 1946 it was renamed after the former mayor Jules Boulesteix . The school was expanded several times and converted into a primary school in 1962.

In the course of the rapid population growth, further new schools were built in the city area in the 1960s and 1970s. The two colleges, the Collège Albert Camus and the Collège Jean Lurçat , are located in the west and south of the city. The Collège Albert Camus opened in 1966 and was built in the 19th arrondissement based on the Parisian model of the Collège Édouard-Pailleron . The building was completely destroyed by fire in 1973 and completely renovated in 1999. Another school complex, the Écoles du Moulin à vent , was built a little further southeast in the rue Henri Sellier . Originally planned as a girls' school, it now houses a pre-school and a primary school and is designed for more than 320 students. The École de la ferme du temple was inaugurated in 1963 and is located in the Ferme d'Orangis district. The École maternelle Pablo Picasso preschool is located in the Moulin à vent 2 district and has six classes with more than 170 students.

Medical supplies

The Pasteur Clinic

The municipality has an on oncology and pulmonary medicine specialist hospital of Les-Cheminots Clinic Group as well as an entity belonging to Domusvi Group Pasteur Clinic. The nursing home at Château Dranem also belongs to Domusvi. There is also the Le Manoir geriatric care facility ( EHPAD ) and care for the disabled in the Maison de l'Orée . There are two mother and child centers in the city center and in the Moulin à Vent district .

Public facilities

Ris-Orangis owns the following public facilities: a station for the National Police , a rescue station for the volunteer fire brigade , branches of the family and health insurance fund CPAM , a tax office and two post offices .

Culture and sights

town hall

Town hall including palace gardens

In order to build a new town hall, the municipal council purchased the Château de Fromont and its park in 1927 . This was necessary because the old town hall, built in 1850, no longer offered enough space near the church. At the same time, a post office was installed in one wing of the building and the park was redesigned. A large part of the property, located between rue de Fromont and the railroad tracks, was bought by the Bogny-Braux company for the construction of machine works. The origins of today's palace construction go back to the beginning of the 18th century. On the orders of Philippe de Lorraine , the new building took place instead of a building that had been rebuilt several times, which was frequently visited by Louis XIV and his court company until 1702 . Before that there was an old Templar coming . The botanist Étienne Soulange-Bodin taught at the palace, a royal garden Institute and designed by Andre Le Notre designed baroque gardens in romantic style around.

Castles

Château Dranem

The oldest castle in the municipality is the Château Dranem , also known as Château de Ris . It dates back to the 12th century and belonged to the Faucon family . Under Louis XV. it was reconstructed and underwent several changes in the further course, including an enlargement at the beginning of the 20th century. Around 1750 the head of the royal printing house , Jacques II. Anisson Dupéron bought the castle. During the French Revolution it was declared a national property and part of the park was used for agriculture. General Bonaparte is said to have considered the château as an estate shortly before his Egyptian campaign. It changed hands several times until the beginning of the 20th century and was finally sold in 1911 to the artist Dranem , who set up a retirement home for opera singers in the building. Today there is a wrought-iron pavilion and an open-air stage on the large park area . A small octagonal dovecote is also worth seeing .

The Château de Trousseau is the only listed building in Ris-Orangis. It was acquired by General Graf Ordener in 1802. In the middle of the 19th century, the owner built a railway overpass, since railroad tracks laid across the park blocked his access to the Seine. A pony club has been housed in the stables of the castle for several years. There is also an old bread oven and a cheese dairy on the estate. Underneath the park runs an underground aqueduct that diverts water from the plateau and once supplied the palace's gardens and ornamental ponds.

Château d'Orangis

The Château d'Orangis served as a hunting lodge for the Anisson-Duperon family in the early 18th century and was bought by the Lot family in 1793. The castle building, which was extended by one floor in 1840, is empty today. The castle courtyard is accessible through a beautiful iron gate. On a nearby estate there is a pigeon tower from the 16th century resting on a rare ring vault . Since 1980 the manor has housed a studio for artists who often use the tower for exhibitions.

A little further to the east is the Château du domaine d'Orangis . The estate belonged to Herbert and Gilbert d'Orengy in the 12th century, then to the knight Jean de Orangiaco. In the 18th century it came into the possession of the Count of Bombelles. The present castle was built between 1858 and 1859 and at times belonged to the mayor André-Marie Gomel. The vacant chapel was added in 1867. The renovated main building now houses apartments.

Churches

The church of Ris-Orangis

Notre-Dame in winter

The Église Notre-Dame replaced a derelict building from the 12th century in 1868. The former church dedicated to Saint Blaise was used as a public gathering place during the French Revolution and as a temple of reason from 1793 to 1797 . All that remains of the old church are the bell and the remains of a buttress . The architect Georges Ranchon realized the new church in the neo-Romanesque style and was inspired by the Paris churches of Saint-Ambroise and Saint-Joseph . The three stained glass windows in the apse show the Blessed Virgin and Child and the two patron saints, Saint André and Sainte Marguerite . The west window in the south aisle is closed by a wall panel and shows the "Virgin of Redemption".

The Sacré-Coeur Chapel was built at the request of a canon in 1944 - as thanks for the sparing of the city during the bombing of World War II. The building was built together by community members and volunteers. It replaced a small wooden building in which religious instruction for children took place. During the renovation in 1972, a crypt could be realized. In addition, the nave was enlarged and covered with a fanned roof. In front of the building there is a square campanile on which a stone statue of Christ was to be installed. Unfortunately, the statue was so heavy that it compromised the stability of the tower. It is now in the garden opposite the apse.

Parks and green spaces

Ris-Orangis is part of the Paris Green Belt , which stretches 10 to 30 km from the center. Gardens and parks predominate within the municipality, which take up around 10% of the total area and ensure a relatively green cityscape. Most of the parks, many of which are privately owned, are in the city center north of the A6. Parts of the municipal territory on the banks of the Seine and east of the stream L'Ecoute s'il pleut are embedded in the Seine landscape between Corbeil-Essonnes and Villeneuve-Saint-Georges and are considered to be specially protected ZNIEFF natural areas.

Cultural institutions

Le Plan concert hall

The most important cultural institutions in Ris-Orangis include the Le Plan concert hall with a capacity of 600 seats, the Robert Desnos cultural center with an Art-et-Essai cinema , a Maison des jeunes et de la culture (MJC) and the Elsa media libraries Triolet and Raymond Queneau , the Jean-Louis Barrault cinema and a music college.

Sports

The municipality has various sports facilities, including the two sports stadiums Émile Gagneux and Latruberce, several sports and gymnasiums and a swimming pool. The only sports club is the Union sportive de Ris-Orangis (USRO) with more than 4,000 members in 33 sports. The club emerged in 1945 from the merger of several small clubs, including the gymnastics club L'Étoil founded in 1919 , the Club Athlétique de Ris-Orangis and the cycling club Vélo Club Ris-Grigny . The Hippodrome de Bondoufle racecourse, which was closed in 1996, is located in the southwest of the city .

literature

Le Patrimoine des Communes de l'Essonne. Flohic Éditions, Volume 2, Paris 2001, ISBN 2-84234-126-0 , pp. 861-867.

Web links

Commons : Ris-Orangis - collection of images, videos and audio files

Official website of the city
On the history of the city and individual monuments (French)
Ris-Orangis among the local historians (French)

Individual evidence

↑ Fiche communale d'occupation des sols en 2003 sur le site de l'Iaurif ( Memento of June 20, 2009 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on September 21, 2011

↑ Data sheets for the individual elevation marks on geodesie.ign.fr , accessed on September 21, 2011

↑ Zone map of Ris-Orangis on the Insee page (PDF; 353 kB), accessed on September 22, 2011

↑ ZUS data sheet on the large Plateau housing estate , accessed on September 22, 2011

↑ Data sheets for the residential areas Rénovation, Oiseaux and Gare , accessed on September 22, 2011

↑ Population statistics of the municipality , accessed on September 23, 2011

↑ Nationality proportions of the communal population on the Insee website ( Memento of the original from April 28, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed September 23, 2011 @1@ 2

^ Insee - Taux de chômage depuis 1975

↑ Summarizing national statistics at Insee ( Memento of the original from June 4, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed October 1, 2011 @1@ 2

↑ ^a ^b Municipal statistics from Insee ( Memento of the original from April 28, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 731 kB), accessed on October 1, 2011 @1@ 2

↑ Toponymy of the places in Île-de-France on the website crehangec.free.fr , accessed on September 22, 2011

^ Entry in the Cassini database , accessed on September 22, 2011

↑ History of Ris-Orangis on the official website of the municipality ( Memento of the original from January 14, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed September 22, 2011 @1@ 2

^ Dictionnaire historique des environs de Paris du docteur Ermete Pierotti

↑ Decree of the National Assembly ( Memento of the original of January 8, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed September 22, 2011 @1@ 2

^ Entry by Ris-Orangis at verif.com , accessed on September 23, 2011

↑ Responsibilities of the association of municipalities , accessed on September 24, 2011

^ Court organization on the official website of the Ministry of Justice , accessed September 24, 2011

↑ Presentation of the delegates on the official website of the municipality , accessed on May 3, 2017

↑ Résultats des élections municipales et communautaires 2014 , accessed on May 3, 2017

↑ Les maires de Ris-Orangis , accessed 25 September 2011

^ Election results on the website of the French Ministry of the Interior , accessed on September 27, 2011

^ Results of the 1992 referendum in Ris-Orangis on the website of the French Ministry of the Interior , accessed on September 27, 2011

↑ Simplified Ris-Orangis community budget in the Treasury Department's Alize database ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed September 23, 2011@1@ 2

↑ Compte communal détaillé de Ris-Orangis sur la base Alize du ministère des Finances ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed September 23, 2011@1@ 2

^ Taxes in Ris-Orangis at taxe.com , accessed on September 23, 2011

↑ Community debt in the Treasury Department's Alize database ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as broken. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed September 23, 2011@1@ 2

↑ Distribution of social housing per municipality and landlord on the Aorif website ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed September 23, 2011@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.aorif.org

^ Town twinning and other projects with Salfeet , accessed on September 29, 2011

^ City partnership with Tel Mond , accessed on September 29, 2011

^ Companies in the Évry catchment area on the Insee website , accessed on September 30, 2011

↑ List of schools in Essonne ( Memento of the original dated August 12, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed September 27, 2011 @1@ 2

↑ List of secondary schools in Essonne , accessed on September 27, 2011

^ Address of the AFPA center , accessed on September 27, 2011

↑ Groupe scolaire Adrien GUERTON ( Memento of 9 July 2012 in the Web archive archive.today ).

↑ Groupe scolaire Adrien-Guerton, Ris-Orangis ( Memento of the original from June 23, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. at fr.topic-topos.com, accessed September 27, 2011 @1@ 2

↑ École Jules Boulesteix ( Memento from July 9, 2012 in the web archive archive.today )

↑ École Jules-Boulesteix, Ris-Orangis ( Memento of the original of March 12, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. at fr.topic-topos.com, accessed September 27, 2011 @1@ 2

↑ Histoire Locale - Collège Albert Camus ( Memento of July 30, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ), accessed on September 28, 2011

↑ Histoire Locale - Écoles du Moulin à vent ( Memento of July 8, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ), accessed on September 28, 2011

↑ Histoire Locale - École de la ferme du temple ( Memento of July 9, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ), accessed on September 28, 2011

↑ Histoire Locale - École maternelle Pablo Picasso ( Memento of July 12, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ), accessed on September 28, 2011

↑ Mother and Child Center in Moulin à Vent , accessed on September 29, 2011

↑ Mother and Child Center in the city center , accessed September 29, 2011

↑ Hôtel de ville ( Memento of July 21, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ), accessed on October 1, 2011

↑ Hôtel de ville, Ris-Orangis on fr.topic-topos.com ( Memento of the original dated August 13, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed October 1, 2011 @1@ 2

↑ Château de Ris from the local historians , accessed on October 3, 2011

↑ Château Dranem at fr.topic-topos.com ( Memento of the original from June 23, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed October 3, 2011 @1@ 2

↑ Entry No. 91521 in the Base Mérimée of the French Ministry of Culture (French)

↑ Château de Trousseau from the local historians , accessed on October 4, 2011

↑ L'acqueduc souterrain at the local historians , accessed 4 October 2011

↑ The "Pigeonnier" at fr.topic-topos.com ( Memento of the original from June 23, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed October 3, 2011 @1@ 2

↑ Château d'Orangis from the local historians , accessed on October 3, 2011

↑ ^a ^b Caractère de l'environnement bâtianalyse typomorphologique ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 5.1 MB), Ris Orangis - Plan local d'urbanisme, Dossier, 2007, p. 46@1@ 2