Draveil

Draveil
region	Île-de-France
Department	Essonne
Arrondissement	Evry
Canton	Draveil (main town)
Community association	Val d'Yerres Val de Seine
Coordinates	48 ° 41 ′  N , 2 ° 24 ′  E Coordinates: 48 ° 41 ′  N , 2 ° 24 ′  E
height	32-87 m
surface	15.75 km 2
Residents	28,833 (January 1, 2017)
Population density	1,831 inhabitants / km 2
Post Code	91210
INSEE code	91201
Website	http://www.draveil.fr/
town hall

Draveil (pronounced d̪ʁavɛj ) is a commune with 28,833 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the department of Essonne in the Région Ile-de-France . It belongs to the arrondissement of Évry , is the capital of the canton of Draveil and the seat of the diocese of Évry-Corbeil-Essonnes .

The settlement was founded on the agriculturally used and forested plateau of the Brie and the Seine valley as early as the Neolithic Age and has an eventful history: After the Gallo-Roman period, powerful abbeys and nobles took turns in ownership until the 19th century a holiday center for the bourgeoisie emerged; the place became the focal point of the artists and scientists of Paris. From the 20th century, plots were made available on which small pavilions were built, from which the first garden city in France developed. During the 1960s the large housing estates were built . Today the municipality is a residential town in pleasant surroundings between the Forêt de Sénart and the banks of the Seine, popular for the Base de plein air et de loisirs du Port-aux-Cerises leisure facility .

The inhabitants are called Draveillois .

geography

location

Location of Draveil in the Essonne department

Occupancy of the area.

Type of occupancy	percentage	Area (in hectares)
Built up area	35.1%	559.25
free area	11.6%	185.30
used for agriculture	53.3%	850.34
Source  : Iaurif

Draveil is located in the north-west of the Essonne department and is fully integrated into the Parisian settlement area on the eastern border of the Île-de-France and the French Brie . The community covers an almost rectangular area of ​​1.575 , which has remained largely rural (53.90%); 0.677 of these are covered by the Forêt de Sénart and only 34.57% are built on. The Institut géographique national sets as geographical coordinates the following points as territorial center solid: 48 ° 41 '11 "  N , 2 ° 24' 41"  O . The Seine has a long bank to the west, with its original bed forming many small lakes ( ponds ) that, together with the streams and drainage channels of the Forêt de Sénart, form a water landscape. The urban area lies between the Brie plateau and the Seine valley and rises slightly to the southeast: the highest point is 87  m and the lowest is 32  m . The city does not have a direct rail connection , but it is a road crossing point, because three departmental roads run through the center (RD 31, RD 448 and RD 931) and two road bridges cross the Seine here. The sprawling small town of Draveil still has open spaces on the edge, which extend to Mainville and Champrosay in the south , as well as certain districts , open spaces and plots for single-family houses.

The municipality is located 20 kilometers as the crow flies southeast of the Paris Cathedral Notre Dame , the point where all roads in France begin, six kilometers northwest of Évry , 13 kilometers southeast of Palaiseau , 34 km northeast of Étampes , 10 km northwest of Corbeil- Essonnes , 11 km north-east of Montlhéry , 16 km north-east of Arpajon , 23 km north-east of La Ferté-Alais , 32 km north-west of Milly-la-Forêt and 34 km north-east of Dourdan .

Hydrography

La Seine at Champrosay

A large part of the municipality is located on a loop of the Seine that forms a seven-kilometer bank between Soisy-sur-Seine (upstream) and Vigneux-sur-Seine (downstream). In the east of the Forêt de Sénart, the Maupertuis stream flows on the edge of the municipality and feeds several small ponds and ponds with a few moats . Along the river , a network of small lakes forms a natural basis for a regional recreational area: in the north, Étang des Mousseaux , the Étang Laveyssière , the sand pit and the Étang des Mazières in the south. Several port facilities were set up: Port aux Dames , Port aux Malades in the south. There are ponds in the castle gardens of la Folie , Villiers and Sables .

Relief and geology

The Draveil area is located in the Seine valley and rises from 32  m above sea level. NN near the river up to 87  m above sea level. NN on the hill , which is covered in the southwest by the Forêt de Sénart . In the south the terrain has a relatively steep gradient to the village of Champrosay up to 34  m above sea level. NN on the bank of the bridge, only about 2.6 km away from the business center. In the north, the difference in altitude to the hamlet of Mainville is only slight, as it is 80  m above sea level. NN and slopes slightly to the west and north towards the river. Draveil is located in the Paris Basin and has a characteristic subsurface: millstone , quartz , silt , clay and limestone ; the soil is therefore well suited as a natural water reservoir.

Adjacent communities

Draveil borders several other parishes. The loop of the Seine forms a natural border with the villages of Athis-Mons in the north-west, Viry-Châtillon and Juvisy-sur-Orge in the west, Grigny in the south-west and Ris-Orangis in the south. In the southeast, roads (La Route Neuve, the forest road of the Eichen des Priors , the forest road of the Espen ) mark the border with Soisy-sur-Seine , in the east the forest road from Maupertuy Draveil delimits Montgeron and in the northeast it is the forest road Pierreuse ( the Steinige ), the grape variety route and the dog rose route to Vigneux-sur-Seine .

Athis-Mons	Vigneux-sur-Seine	Vigneux-sur-Seine
Viry-Châtillon & Juvisy-sur-Orge		Montgeron
Grigny (Essonne)	Ris orangis	Soisy-sur-Seine

climate

Since Draveil is located in the Île-de-France , the place benefits from the maritime climate with less winters and mild summers as well as regular rainfall throughout the year. The annual average temperature is 10.8 ° C (min. 6.4 ° C, max. 15.2 ° C). Normal temperatures in July rise to around 24.5 ° C and drop to 0.7 ° C in January ; Record temperatures were on July 1, 1952 with 38.2 ° C and on January 17, 1985 with -19.6 ° C. It is probably due to the population density that a temperature difference of one to two degrees Celsius between Paris and the suburb is noticeable. The number of sunny days is roughly the same as in the northern Loire region with 1,798 hours per year. The precipitation is spread over the year and reaches a total of 598.3 mm of rain with a monthly average of 50 mm.

Monthly average temperatures and rainfall for Draveil Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 6.1 7.6 11.4 14.6 18.6 21.8 24.5 24.2 20.8 15.8 9.9 6.8 O 15.2 Min. Temperature (° C) 0.7 1 2.8 4.8 8.3 11.1 13 12.8 10.4 7.2 3.5 1.7 O 6.5 Precipitation ( mm ) 47.6 42.5 11.4 45.6 53.7 51 52.2 48.5 55.6 51.6 54.1 51.5 Σ 565.3 Hours of sunshine ( h / d ) 59 89 134 176 203 221 240 228 183 133 79 53 O 150.1 T e m p e r a t u r 6.1 0.7 7.6 1 11.4 2.8 14.6 4.8 18.6 8.3 21.8 11.1 24.5 13 24.2 12.8 20.8 10.4 15.8 7.2 9.9 3.5 6.8 1.7 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec N i e d e r s c h l a g 47.6 42.5 11.4 45.6 53.7 51 52.2 48.5 55.6 51.6 54.1 51.5   Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Source: Climatologie mensuelle à la station départementale de Brétigny-sur-Orge de 1948 à 2002.

Traffic routes

Bridge at Champrosay

The Seine , which forms a wide loop to the west here, is a historical basis for inland navigation in the municipality. There is also a river shipyard and a marina . In the area of ​​Draveil there are two of the five road bridges in the department , namely the bridge to Ris-Orangis in the south and, upstream, the bridge of the Première armée française to Juvisy-sur-Orge . These bridges, as well as some of the major main roads in the department , connect the center with the RN 7 in Juvisy-sur-Orge. The RD 931 (after Juvisy) is called Boulevard général de Gaulle . Further thoroughfares are the RD 448 (north-south connection), the RD 31 to Ris-Orangis.

All these streets also serve a dense network of bus routes: Mobilien 191,100; Albatrans 91.09; RD and Between the Valleys (Inter-Vals) from Réseau de bus Seine Sénart Bus 501, 11L, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19; Noctilien N 135. These bus networks roughly compensate for the lack of a train station . The nearest train stations are those of Vigneux-sur-Seine and Athis-Mons on the D line of the RER , and those of Juvisy with the C line of the RER and the TGV network. Finally there are the airports: Paris-Orly is 6 km to the southeast and Paris-Charles-de-Gaulle is 37 km to the southwest.

Localities and districts

District of the Bergeries .

The Draveil area is quite extensive and includes several neighborhoods and hamlets . The hamlet of Champrosay is located in the south and Mainville is added to the east due to the urbanization . Different quarters surround the core of the old town : in the north Les Mousseaux , la Plaine des Sables , and les Acacias ; to the east l'Orée de Sénart , the settlement of Château de la Folie and above Vigneux-sur-Seine les Bergeries ; in the southeast l'hôpital Joffre-Dupuytren , which in itself is a small town within a town; to the south, le domaine du Château de Villiers , l'Orme des Mazières and la cité Danton ; the Quartier des Chéminots is located in the hamlet of Champrosay ; to the west la Villa Draveil and to the northwest le quartier de Paris-Jardin . Several old place names have survived: in the southeast les Pampoux and le Belvédère , in the south le Rôle , on the edge of the Seine les Monesse , la Coulette and Port Saint-Victor (upstream) and the Port aux Dames (downstream). Among the neighborhoods there are three that fall into the ZUS category : les Bergeries , L'Orme des Mazières et Danton and Brossolette, which is intended for urban renovation . The city council divides the city into 12 districts: le center-ville, le domaine de Villiers, les cités Danton et Paris-Jardin, la Villa, Mazières, Champrosay, Brossolette, Mainville, les Bergeries. et la Plaine des Sables. The Insee divides the city into 12 aggregated for statistical information spaces one.

Place name research

On a coin from the Merovingian period , Draverno , then in 635, Dravernum in Brigeio , Dravernum then Dravellum in XII. Century, Dravolium , Dravel in 1196, Dravern , Dravert , Dravet , around finally in the XIII. Century to find the current form. The community itself was founded under its current name in 1793.

Draveil or Dravernum comes from the Celtic word drean , "épine ( thorn bush )".

history

Beginnings

The presence of humans during the Neolithic period is proven on the one hand by the discovery of the menhir La Pierre à Moussedaux , which dates back to the 4th millennium BC. And on the other hand through the discovery of tools and weapons made of flint in Mainville. The Gauls called the place Dracvern , which means something like the 'spirit of the alders' ( l'esprit des Aulnes ). The Romans gave the place the name Dravernum . In the Merovingian era there was a mint here that produced thirds of the gold sou under the name Draverno ; these are now kept in the Cabinet des Médailles of the Bibliothèque nationale de France .

Ecclesiastical and secular rulers

The first written mention of the place dates from the reign of Dagobert I. He bequeathed the area to the Basilica Saint-Pierre, which belonged to the Abbey of Sainte Geneviève in Paris , on his death . In 732 the Abbé Trotbalde brought the relics of Hilary from Poitiers to Dravern .

1093 the place between the abbey Ste. Geneviève de Paris and the secular nobles Hugues de Draveil or, in the XII. Century, Robert de Dravello . At that time, the Champrosay farm belonged to the Parisian Hôtel-Dieu and supplied it via the Seine and through the port of Port aux Malades . Since the Middle Ages, the area has been divided into three hamlets : the small town that developed from the Abbey of Saint-Louis de Poissy , Champrosay from the Parisian Hôtel-Dieu and Mainville, where the winemakers and woodcutters lived.

In the XIII. In the 19th century, the Ermitage de Notre-Dame-de-Consolation (Essonne) was founded in the Forêt de Sénart.

In 1481 the Rouvres family built the Bergeries' first castle . The reconstruction of the Church of Saint Rémi was completed in 1547.

The town and surrounding lands were transferred to Charles Marin de La Haye in 1720 , who had the Draveil Castle built. In the 18th century, the Forêt de Sénart was a meeting place for royal hunts; here met Louis XV. the lady who later became Madame de Pompadour . In 1783, Count Marc Marie Marquis de Bombelles had Villiers Castle built. In 1786 the Saint-Rémi church was rebuilt. In 1827 the Bergerie was sold to the Krone. King Charles X (France) decided to turn it into a silkworm farm .

In 1838 the Draveil fire brigade was founded. The privileged location of the municipality between the forest and the river made Draveil a favorite recreational destination for the Parisian bourgeoisie , who built large houses and villas on plots in the Villa district (between 1867 and 1890). The Chapel of St. Helena was built between 1858 and 1861 . In 1862 the bell tower of the Saint-Rémi church was built. The sand mining in the lakes of Laveyssière and Mousseaux began in 1869. The phylloxera infestation brought 1,890 viticulture in Champrosay to a halt. In 1894, the Marie-Auxiliatrice teaching hospital was opened, initially intended for girls with anemia . The first Seine bridge was built in 1894 and was destroyed by the French army in 1940. The second town hall was built in 1898; there the tourism office ( French Office de tourisme ) was housed.

The 1908 strike

As a result of the violently suppressed wave of miners' strike in June 1908, the community occupies a remarkable place in the social history of the 19th and 20th centuries: the strike is directed against underpaid for their dangerous work. The Draveil events are now considered to be a historically important event for the French labor movement, because they led to a central opposition between the Georges Clemenceau government and the CGT . From the dispute, the CGT emerged weakened, which is generally held responsible for the crisis in the French trade union movement.

Further development

The first garden city in France was founded on the initiative of the Cooperative for Cheap Housing , which became Paris-Jardins . A new fire station was built for the fire brigade in 1923 . In 1926, the company Le Sanatorium des Cheminots acquired Villa Kermina in order to set up a sanatorium in it. The market hall was built in 1934 and the post office was opened in 935. After the Second World War , the Château des Bergeries was successively transformed into an officers' school, a private school and is now a national police school . During the Second World War, the couple Georges et Germaine Durand offered protection to the persecuted, which in 1997 earned them the title Righteous Among the Nations at the Yad Vashem memorial .

As a result of the Trente Glorieuses and the depressing situation in the building sector, new quarters were built: Villiers , Danton , Brosselette , les Mazières in 1958 and les Bergeries in 1966 , followed by les berges de la Seine . The Notre-Dame Catholic private school opened in 1952. In 1963 the city bought the Maison Chapuis and established the town hall there. In 1967 the Joffre-Dupuytren hospital was opened and on March 19 of the same year the Chapelle Notre-Dame-de-la-Paix was inaugurated. On April 25, 1970, the Pont de la Première Armée française was inaugurated. In 1989 the community had a theater .

Demographics

Demographic development

When it was founded in 1793, the municipality of Draveil already had 967 inhabitants and is thus a relatively important small town with an increasing population. The mark of 1,000 inhabitants was exceeded in 1800, it was 1,500 40 years later and 2,000 in the golden years of the 20th century, despite the severe loss of almost 200 inhabitants during the Franco-German War of 1870/71. At the beginning of the 19th century, the establishment of the garden cities and the increase in workers for the local industry resulted in a huge increase in population: the population increased from 2,500 inhabitants in 1901 to almost 4,000 within 20 years and had at the beginning of the Second World War (1936) finally 10,000 inhabitants. A renewed increase began immediately after the armistice due to the influx from the province and immigrants into the new residential areas . After the mark of 25,000 inhabitants was exceeded in 1968, there was a relative standstill in the years from 1975 to 1982, only to rise again slightly to the peak in 2006 with 20,736 inhabitants. In 1999 the proportion of the foreign population was only 6.4%, of which 2.2% were Portuguese , 0.7% of Algerian and Moroccan origin, 0.5% Italian and 0.2% from Spain , Tunisia and Turkey . In 2012 the community had 29,063 inhabitants. The population growth has been confirmed in every census that has been carried out regularly since 1793. Since the 21st century, the population census has been carried out every year in municipalities with more than 10,000 inhabitants, while in smaller municipalities a survey takes place every 5 years.

age structure

The comparison of the age structure of Draveil with that in the Département de l'Essonne shows a similarity in the distribution of the age groups. However, there is a higher proportion of the 4 categories of the elderly, while the proportion is lower among the younger between 15 and 40 years, particularly pronounced in the proportion of women. This situation is explained by the fact that there are several facilities for the elderly in the municipality . In 1999, however, the proportion of the population under the age of 25 was 31.8%.

Age structure of Essonne in 2009 in percent

Men	Age level	Women
0.3	90 ans ou +	0.8
4.4	75 to 89 ans	6.7
11.3	60 to 74 ans	11.9
19.9	45 to 59 ans	20.0
21.9	30 to 44 ans	21.4
20.6	15 to 29 ans	19.2
21.7	0 to 14 ans	20.0

Age structure of Essonne in 2009 in percent.

Men	Age level	Women
0.3	90 ans ou +	0.8
4.4	75 to 89 ans	6.7
11.3	60 to 74 ans	11.9
19.9	45 to 59 ans	20.0
21.9	30 to 44 ans	21.4
20.6	15 to 29 ans	19.2
21.7	0 to 14 ans	20.0

Politics and administration

The municipality of Draveil is the chief lieu of the canton of Draveil and is represented by the departmental councilors Aurélie Gros ( UMP ) and Georges Tron (UMP); Draveil belongs to the arrondissement of Évry and the ninth electoral district of Essonne , which in turn is represented by the member of the French National Assembly, Thierry Mandon ( PS ). The Mayor of Draveil, Georges Tron (UMP), chairs a local council that consists of 35 local councils: The UMP has a majority with 29 members, the opposition is formed by the PS with 3, the PCF with 2 and the MoDem with one member. He is supported by 9 councilors / mayors and 5 volunteer councilors . At INSEE , the municipality is listed under the code INSEE 91 2 29 201. Draveil is listed in the répertoire des entreprises directory under the code SIREN 219 102 019. The (economic) activities of the city are registered under the code APE 8411Z.

In 2009 the city had a budget of € 38,705,000, of which € 32,492,000 was earmarked for the current budget and € 6,213,000 for investments. The financing came with 34.73% from local taxes, which result from the following sources: 14.85% from the housing tax , 15.3% and 37.41% from the property tax on developed and undeveloped land and 14.86% from a trade tax that is determined by the association of municipalities . in the same year the debt of the municipality amounted to € 21,595,000. In 2009 there were 3,196 social housing units on the municipal site, which are managed by 10 social institutions, which makes up 28% of the stock, well over the 20% prescribed by the Loi SRU law .

The municipality is a founding member (in 2002) of the Communauté d'agglomération Val de Seine , to which it has given the following responsibilities: economic development , spatial planning , social balance of settlement , urban social policy , employment policy , responsibility for public transport , drinking water supply , the Garbage collection , cultural and sporting facilities have been placed under the superordinate administration, as well as the protection of nature and cultural assets . Draveil is also a member of the Syndicat mixte Orge-Yvette-Seine and the Syndicat mixte pour la revaloritation et l'élimination des déchets et ordures ménagères .

Draveil City Councilor (2008-2014 legislature)

	list	Political party	leader	Seats	proportion of
_	Draveil en marche	UMP	Georges Tron	29	majority
_	Draveil, la quality d'un engagement durable	PS	Daniel Groiselle	3	opposition
_	Draveil 2008, une ville à gauche	Pc	Jean-Pascal Bonsignore	2	opposition
_	Draveil de toutes nos forces	Modem	Fabienne Sorolla	1	opposition

List of mayors

There have been 39 mayors in Draveil since the first election in 1789:

List of the maires successifs Period Surname Political party job 1995 en cours Georges Tron UMP former Member of Parliament, former State Secretary D.

School system

The Notre-Dame school

The schools in Draveil are supervised by the Académie de Versailles . The schools in the commune are: Écoles maternelles Pierre Brosolette , de Champrosay and l'Orme de Mazières, the écoles maternelles Marie Laurencin and Pierre and Marie Curie , the Écoles primaires de Belvédère, in the hamlet of Mainville, Antoine de Saint-Exupéry , Jules Ferry , Jean Jaurès and in the Park de Villiers. At secondary schools there are then the Collèges Alphonse Daudet and Eugène Delacroix , to which a " SEGPA " is affiliated; there is also the Lycée Nadar . In addition there are the École primaire and the college of the Catholic private school Notre Dame , which is subordinate to the diocese . The municipality has several crèches : the crèche familiale , the crèches L'Île aux Bambins and Pomme de Rainette , the parent-run crèches Tétine and Doudou , crèches des Bergeries and Mazières and the "casual shelter " of Mazières and Villiers. Outside school periods, the children are taken in by schools that offer holiday camps : Villiers, des Mazières, Jean Jaurès, Brossollette, Belvédère, Champrosay, Jules Ferry, Mainville, Saint-Exupériy and Pierre and Marie Curie. The two French parents' councils are represented in the schools . There is a Youth Information Center ( CIO ) in Draveil .

Healthcare

There are two hospitals in Draveil: Das ( Hôpital Joffre-Dupuytren ), which belongs to the group of Parisian hospitals and at the same time to the group south of the university hospitals Hôpital Henri Mondor and Hôpital Henri Mondor in Créteil , Hôpital Georges Clemenceau in Champcueil , Hôpital Émile Roux in Limeil -Brévannes and the Les Cheminots hospital group , which specialize in rehabilitation . Draveil has five homes for the elderly : Résidence du Clos Fleuri and la résidence Calme Retraite Confort and les foyers logements in Mainville, in the park et from Port aux Dames. The Institut médico-pédagogique Marie-Auxiliatrice and an Institut médico-éducatif are available for people with disabilities . Two centers for the protection of mother and child have been set up in the city center and in the Bergeries. There are 34 doctors , 14 dentists and 11 pharmacies in the city .

Public service providers

In addition to the municipal service providers, there are also the following service centers: 10 post offices : in the city center, in Mazières, in Mousseaux, in Champrosay, in Bergeries and in Mainville; a health center ( Sécurité sociale ) and two branches of the family benefits office in Mazières and Bergeries; a branch of health insurance; a tax office . A police office and the fire brigade ensure public safety . For the legal system there are 2 notaries , 2 law offices and a Huissier de justice ( roughly equivalent to the bailiff ). For the judiciary , there is the Office court in Juvisy-sur-Orge, the Tribunaux de Grande Instance , courts for commercial matters and arbitration in Evry and the Court of Appeal in Paris.

Town twinning

Château de Paris-Jardin in Draveil

Draveil has been twinned with Oberkirch in Baden-Württemberg since 1971, with Esmoriz in Portugal and Hove in Great Britain since 1990 and with Păltinoasa Romania and Sandaré in Mali since 1995 .

Everyday life in Draveil

Culture

Le cinéma L'Orangerie

Draveil has several facilities in the cultural sector:

• A media library in the Château de Villiers, where there is also a library and a “ CDthek ”; there is also a music conservatory and the municipal school for plastic arts .
• The “Café-Culture” with the “Explor @ ateur” room is available for meetings and exhibitions.
• Other cultural events take place in the Donald Cardwell Theater and in the L'Orangerie cinema .

sport and freetime

The most important sports facilities in the municipality are grouped together in the Base régionale de loisirs du Port aux Cerises , which is shared with the neighboring municipality of Vigneux-sur-Seine . Since 2010 the UCPA has been managing the activities on the basis of a separate contract. There is a small water area here for practicing water sports such as canoeing and sailing , there is a swimming pool , fields for football , tennis , mini golf , skating , a fitness hall , a facility for tree climbing and a facility for equestrian sports .

Religious institutions

The Catholic parish belongs to the parish of Sénart-Draveil ( fr ) and the diocese of Évry-Corbeil-Essonnes . There are two churches, the Church of Saint-Rémi and the Church of Sainte-Hélène . The Muslim community has the mosque En-Nour in Draveil . For Protestants there is the church of the Baptist congregation and another church of the Fédération des Églises du plein évangile de France .

• 

  Saint-Rémi church

• 

  Chapel of Sainte-Hélène

• 

  Former Saint-Honoré chapel

media

The weekly newspaper Le Républicain (Essonne) spreads the local news. Draveil has slots on France 3 Paris Île-de-France Center , IDF1 and Téléssonne TV channels .

economy

The market hall in the city center

Thursdays and Saturdays are market days; the market takes place around the market hall in the city center.

Draveil is primarily a residential city . According to Insee , it belongs to Orly in the “Labor Department” , where in 2006 30 communities with a total of 469,279 inhabitants were combined; Draveil had a share of 6.12% in this. In said area only prevailed unemployment of 7.2%, with 211,488 persons employed were. The situation in the municipality of Draveil itself is similar: 8.8% = 1,128 unemployed. However, it must be taken into account that there are only 6 498 jobs in the municipality, so 79.2% have to commute to other municipalities. Only in Mainville is there a designated industrial park , while the remaining jobs are spread over the entire area. In 2000 there were still six farms with an area of ​​151 hectares and eight employees. A single hotel had 32 rooms; there was no campsite, although there is a large sports and leisure facility.

Employment, income, standard of living

The working population in the area of ​​Draveil is very different from the rest of the district: there are mainly artisans , merchants and employees , but fewer workers and executives . In 2007, 80.8% were civil servants or permanent employees in the public sector. In the same year, the average income was € 28.043, but only 30.4% of that was subject to income tax, which is 71% of salaried employees. In 2006, the average tax income ( fr ) determined by INSEE was € 21.653; This brought the community to rank 1,605 among the 30,687 communities with more than 50 households and rank 128 in the department. 2/3 of the households owned their apartments, of which 52.6% had single-family houses and 22.7% lived in social housing .

Distribution of employment by occupation in 2006.
	Agriculture	Craftsmen, merchants, self-employed	Senior executives, liberal professions	temporarily employed	Employees	Workers
Draveil	0.1%	5.0%	11.0%	28.1%	39.6%	16.2%
Orly District	0.1%	4.6%	15.2%	27.8%	30.3%	22.1%
national average	2.2%	6.0%	15.4%	24.6%	28.7%	23.2%
Distribution of employment by sector in 2006.
	Agriculture	Industry	Construction sector	trade	Service company	Private sector service
Draveil	0.3%	7.5%	5.3%	9.7%	6.7%	6.0%
Orly District	0.5%	8.1%	7.2%	15.0%	14.3%	6.3%
national average	3.5%	15.2%	6.4%	13.3%	13.3%	7.6%
Source: Insee ,

Home and surroundings

landscape

The Champrosay plain

Draveil has the advantage of a well-preserved environment with two green lungs: in the north the sports and leisure facility ( Base de plein air et de loisirs du Port-aux-Cerises ) on 136 hectares with forest and lakes and in the south the Forêt de Sénart , which covers 600 hectares and is criss-crossed by many hiking and forest trails. The landscape of the banks of the Seine and the woods at the Château de Champrosay complete the green belt. In the city center, everyone can take a walk in the countryside: the parks at Château des Sables, Château de Villiers and the private park of Paris-Jardin invite you to do so. All these institutions have together led the Council of Essonne, the title Espace naturel sensible ( Espace naturel sensible to forgive).

Buildings

The Ermitage de Notre-Dame de Consolation in the Forêt de Sénart , which, according to legend, dates back to the 12th century and is said to have been founded by Louis IX , was the home of Nadar . The 18th century Château de Villiers , which now houses the town hall, was declared a protected monument on June 18, 1949 . There are other formerly aristocratic houses, such as the Château de Paris-Jardins, which is the center for a wide variety of events, the Château des Bergeries, which today serves as a school for the national police, the Château de Champrosay, also known as "Maison du Pont-Chardon ”, the Château des Sables and the Château du Gué de la Folie. Bourgeois houses are a reminder that the Parisians liked to live here in the 19th century: Villa Kermina, Villa Paul Lafargue and by Alphonse Daudet , Villa Chantemerle and that of Paris-Jardins. The Saint-Rémi church was built in 1786 and the Sainte-Hélène chapel in Champrosay in 1861. The market hall was built in 1934.

• 

  Château des Bergeries.

• 

  The east facade of the Château de Villiers.

• 

  The east facade of the Château de Paris-Jardin.

• 

  The dormitory of the Marie-Auxiliatrice institution.

• 

  The house of Eugène Delacroix

Personalities

• Louis Lefèvre de Caumartin (? –1623), politician lived here.
• Marc Marie Marquis de Bombelles (1744–1822), diplomat lived here.
• Marie-Joseph Motier, Marquis de La Fayette (1757–1834), general and politician stayed here.
• François Roch Ledru des Essarts (1770–1844), soldier lived and died here.
• Charles-Tristan de Montholon (1783-1853), brigadier general of the Empire and supporter of Napoleon Bonaparte on the island of Sainte-Hélène, married here.
• Désiré Dalloz (1795–1869) lived here.

Eugène Delacroix

• Eugène Delacroix (1798–1863), painter lived here.
• Ivan Tourgueniev (1818-1883), Russian writer lived here.
• Gaspard-Félix Tournachon, dit Nadar (1820–1910), lived here.
• Edmond de Goncourt (1822-1896), writer lived here.
• Charles Euphrasie Kuwasseg (1838–1904), painter , was born here.
• Alphonse Daudet (1840–1897), writer lived here.
• Paul Lafargue (1842–1911), socialist , committed suicide here with his wife, Laura Marx (1845–1911), militant socialist , second daughter of Karl Marx .
• Louis Matha (1861–1930), anarchist , died here.
• Jules Charles Le Guéry (1875–1937), trade unionist, died here.

Marie Laurencin

• Marie Laurencin (1883–1956), painter, lived in a country house in Champrosay in 1925, rue Alphonse Daudet, where she retired on weekends with her friend Armand Lowengard .
• Nina Myral (1884–1975), actress, died here.
• Jacques de Féraudy (1886–1971), actor, screenwriter and film director, died here.
• Gaston Poulet (1892–1974), violinist and conductor, died here.
• Henri Nouvion (1900–1982), doctor, had his practice here.
• Marie Brudieux (1901–2015), doyenne of the French, died here
• Jean Dunot (1906–1968), actor, died here.
• Edmond Delfour (1907–1990), football player, was here under contract.
• Édith Ker (1910–1997), actress, died here.
• Jean Sylvere (1911–1981), actor, died here.
• Joseph Gillain dit Jijé (1914–1980), designer , lived here.
• Émile Genevois (1918–1962), actor, died here.
• Edmond-Henri Zeiger-Viallet (1895–1994), painter, died here.
• Jean Droze (1925–1995), actor, died here.
• Albert Bouvet (1930–2017), cyclist, lived here.
• Donald Cardwell (1935–2004), decorator and costume designer worked here.
• Jean-Jacques Annaud (* 1943), film director, lived here.
• Georges Tron (* 1957), politician, is mayor here.
• Olivier Adam (* 1974), writer, was born here.
• Laurent D'Olivier (* 1982), racing cyclist, lived here.
• Mehdi Taouil (* 1983), soccer player, was under contract here.

Motto

The official motto of Draveil is in Latin Inter undas et arbores , which can be translated to me “between water and trees”; this corresponds to the location between the Seine and the Forêt de Sénart .

Draveil: Art and Culture

Draveil provided the background for several cinema and television films , including Marie-Line by Mehdi Charef from 1999 and the crime thriller Les Cordier, juge et flic by Alain Page from 2004.

literature

• M. Guillemot: Une Cité-Jardin à Draveil , 1914.
• Jacques Julliard, Clemenceau, Briseur de Grèves: L'affaire de Draveil , Villeneuve-Saint-Georges (1908), Julliard, 1965.
• René Fontaine: Draveil et son Histoire , 1981.
• Histoire d'un domaine: Du château seigneurial de Draveil à la cité cooperative Paris-Jardins , Associations Des Amis De Draveil, 1984.
• Serge Bianchi: Draveil-Montgeron: Deux villages en Revolution , Amattéis, 1989, ISBN 978-2-86849-072-8 .
• Bernard Reysset: Draveil, 1945–1994: You village à la banlieue, 50 ans d'Histoire et d'histoires , B. Reysset, 1995, ISBN 978-2-9509322-0-4 .
• Julia et Alphonse Daudet à Draveil: Un couple d'écrivain à Champrosay , Maury, 1997.
• Jacques Macé: Les fantômes de Villiers: Chronique du château de Villiers à Draveil de 1550 à nos jours , 1997, ISBN 978-2-9511265-0-3 .
• Draveil. Chemins d'antan, Rues du présent , CLHD, 2001, ISBN 978-2-9511624-1-9 .
• Isabelle Bost: Revue Jules Verne 12: La Maison d'Alphonse Daudet à Draveil , 2001, pp. 81-90.
• Mémoire et images de Draveil au XXe siècle: Souvenirs de Marcel Pasdeloup , 2004.
• Parcours Du Patrimoine Région Ile-De-France: Draveil , Vigneux-sur-Seine, Essonne, Somogy, 2008, ISBN 978-2-7572-0234-0 .

Web links

Commons : Draveil  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Official site of Draveil
• The tourist office based in Montgeron

Remarks

1. ↑ This is where the shepherds were originally housed; hence the name Bergeries = sheep farm
2. ↑ In local elections, the parties draw up lists of candidates who run under a common motto. The candidates are often not members of this party, but only "supporters" in the area of ​​local politics.
3. ↑ The school system in France is centrally regulated and subordinate to the responsible ministers. The academies in the départements roughly correspond to our school supervisory authorities .
4. ↑ This is a type of school through which the pupils are supposed to get a degree despite "learning difficulties"
5. ↑ Here children can be dropped off for a short time.
6. ↑ In France, a distinction is made between the “normal” Maison de retraite and EHPAD (corresponds to our nursing home ).
7. ↑ This room is intended for special performances, which in France is expressed in the Art et Essai classification .

Individual evidence

1. ^ Fiche de Draveil dans le Code officiel geographique sur le site de l'Insee. Checked January 23, 2015.
2. ↑ Gentilé sur le site habitants.fr Consulted on January 23, 2015.
3. ↑ Fiche communale d'occupation des sols en 2008 on le site de l'Iaurif. ( Memento of the original from February 10, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Checked January 23, 2015. 
4. ↑ Coordonnées géographiques de Draveil sur le site lion1906.com read on January 25, 2015.
5. ↑ Orthodromie entre Draveil et Paris sur le site lion1906.com read on January 25, 2015
6. ↑ The French road network is aligned with a zero point in front of Notre Dame.
7. ↑ Orthodromie entre Draveil et Évry sur le site lion1906.com read on January 25, 2015.
8. ↑ Orthodromie entre Draveil et Palaiseau sur le site lion1906.com read on January 25, 2015.
9. ↑ Orthodromie entre Draveil et Étampes sur le site lion1906.com read on January 25, 2015.
10. ↑ Orthodromie entre Draveil et Corbeil-Essonnes sur le site lion1906.com read on January 25, 2015.
11. ↑ Orthodromie entre Draveil et Montlhéry sur le site lion1906.com read on January 25, 2015.
12. ^ Orthodromie entre Draveil et Arpajon sur le site lion1906.com read on January 25, 2015.
13. ↑ Orthodromie entre Draveil et La Ferté-Alais sur le site lion1906.com read on January 25, 2015.
14. ↑ Orthodromie entre Draveil et Milly-la-Forêt sur le site lion1906.com read on January 25, 2015.
15. ↑ Orthodromie entre Draveil et Dourdan sur le site lion1906.com read on January 25, 2015.
16. ↑ Fiche de la borne géodésique n ° WDK3-256bis sur le site de l'Ign.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. read on January 26, 2015.  
17. ↑ Geographical data read on January 25, 2015.
18. ↑ % 2FC93 Fiche geologique de Draveil sur le site du Brgm. read on January 25, 2015
19. ^ Climatologie mensuelle à Brétigny-sur-Orge read on August 18, 2009
20. ↑ Fiche de la ligne N135 du réseau Noctilien sur le site officiel de la compagnie. ( Memento of the original from February 26, 2011) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. read on January 28, 2015. 
21. ^ So-called Lieu-dit
22. ↑ These are neighborhoods that require special (political) support .
23. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Fiche du château des Bergeries sur le site topic-topos.com ( Memento of the original from May 17, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. read on February 15, 2015. 
24. ^ Fiche des ZUS de l'Orme des Mazières et Danton sur le site de la mission interministérielle à la Ville. read on January 29, 2015.
25. ^ Fiche du quartier Brossolette sur le site de la mission interministérielle à la Ville. read on January 29, 2015.
26. ^ Diaporama de réunion de quartier sur le site officiel de la commune. read on January 29, 2015.
27. ↑ Cartes de zonage de Draveil on the site de l'Insee. read on January 29, 2015.
28. ↑ ^{a b} Hippolyte Cocheris, Anciens noms des communes de Seine-et-Oise , 1874, ouvrage mis en ligne par le Corpus Etampois .
29. ↑ ^{a b c} Official site about the history of Draveil. ( Memento of the original from February 10, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. read on January 30, 2015. 
30. ↑ Fiche de l'IMP Marie-Auxiliatrice sur le site topic-topos.com ( Memento of the original from February 10, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. read on January 31, 2015. 
31. ↑ ^{a b} Fiche du pont de la Première Armée française sur le site topic-topos.com ( Memento of the original from October 11, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. read on January 31, 2015. 
32. ^ Alternative libertaire de l'été 2008: Juillet 1908. Draveil-Villeneuve, la CGT à l'heure de vérité
33. ↑ freely translated from French: "Société anonyme coopérative à capital variable d'habitations à bon marché"
34. ↑ Histoire du center-ville sur le site officiel de la commune. ( Memento of the original from February 10, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. read on January 31, 2015. 
35. ↑ Fiche du clocheton de l'ancienne caserne de pompiers sur le site topic-topos.com ( Memento of the original from February 10, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. read on January 31, 2015. 
36. ↑ freely translated from French sanatorium of railwaymen
37. ^ Fiche de Georges et Germaine Durand sur le site du comité français pour Yad Vashem. read on January 31, 2015.
38. ↑ This refers to the years of the upswing after 1945, cf. Trente Glorieuses .
39. ↑ Fiche de la chapelle Notre-Dame-de-la-Paix sur le site topic-topos.com ( Memento of the original from February 10, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. read on February 1, 2015. 
40. ^ Report statistique communal sur le site de la mission interministérielle à la Ville. read on February 1, 2015.
41. ^ Répartition de la population par nationalités sur le site de l'Insee.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. read on February 1, 2015.  
42. ↑ Statistiques communales sur le site de la mission interministérielle à la Ville. read on February 3, 2015.
43. ↑ ^{a b} Pyramid des âges de l'Essonne en 2008 sur le site de l'Insee. ( Memento of the original from February 28, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. read on February 3, 2015. 
44. ↑ In France they are called Conseiller municipal délégué and are entrusted with special tasks; see. Assistant Minister .
45. ^ Trombinoscope du conseil municipal de Draveil sur le site officiel de la commune. ( Memento of the original from February 10, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. read on February 3, 2015. 
46. ^ Fiche communale sur le site de l'Insee. read on February 3, 2015.
47. ↑ Fiche entreprise de la commune de Draveil sur le site verif.com read on February 3, 2015.
48. ^ Budget communal 2009 on the base of Alize du ministère des Finances.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. read on February 3, 2015.  
49. ↑ Compte communal détaillé 2009 on the base Alize du ministère des Finances.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. read on February 3, 2015.  
50. ↑ Taux de taxes locales en 2009 sur le site taxe.com read on February 3, 2015.
51. ↑ Endettement municipal 2009 sur la base du Alize ministère des Finances.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. read on February 3, 201510.  
52. ^ Répartition du patrimoine par commune et par bailleur sur le site de l'Aorif. read on February 3, 2015.
53. ↑ Composition du conseil municipal issu des élections 2008 sur le site linternaute.com read on February 5, 2015 (The 2014 elections are not yet taken into account here).
54. ↑ Composition du conseil municipal issu of élections 2008 sur le site linternaute.com read on February 6, 2015.
55. ↑ List of maires successifs sur la base de données mairesgenweb.org read on February 10, 2015.
56. ↑ List of the écoles sur le site de l'Inspection académique de l'Essonne. ( Memento of the original from August 12, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. read on February 7, 2015. 
57. ↑ List of the établissements du second degré du bassin de Montgeron sur le site de l'Inspection académique de l'Essonne.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. read on February 8, 2015.  
58. ↑ List of the écoles privées du département sur le site de l'Inspection académique de l'Essonne.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. read on February 8, 2015.  
59. ↑ List of structures d'accueil de petite enfance sur le site officiel de la commune. ( Memento of the original from February 8, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. read on February 8, 2015. 
60. ↑ List of structures d'accueil de petite enfance sur le site officiel de la commune. ( Memento of the original from February 8, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. read on February 8, 2015. 
61. ^ List of the centers de loisirs sur le site officiel de la commune. ( Memento of the original from February 8, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. read on February 8, 2015. 
62. ↑ Site officiel de la FCPE de Draveil. read on February 8, 2015.
63. ^ Coordonnées du point information jeunesse sur le site des Services publics en Essonne. ( Memento of the original from February 8, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. read on February 8, 2015. 
64. ↑ Fiche de l'hôpital Joffre-Dupuytren on the site de l'AP-HP. read on February 8, 2015.
65. ^ Site officiel du groupe hospitalier Les Cheminots. ( Memento of the original from April 18, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. read on February 8, 2015. 
66. ^ Coordonnées du center de PMI du center-ville sur le site des services publics en Essonne. read on February 8, 2015.
67. ^ Coordonnées du center de PMI des Bergeries sur le site des services publics en Essonne. ( Memento of the original from February 8, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. read on February 8, 2015. 
68. ^ Annuaire des médecins sur le site officiel du Conseil national de l'Ordre. read on February 8, 2015.
69. ↑ Annuaire des chirurgiens-dentistes sur le site de l'Ordre national. read on February 8, 2015.
70. ^ Annuaire des pharmacies sur le site officiel de l'Ordre national. read on February 8, 2015.
71. ↑ Coordonnées de l'agence postale de Draveil Center sur le site officiel de La Poste read on February 10, 2015.
72. ↑ Coordonnées de l'agence postale de Draveil Mazières sur le site officiel de La Poste. read on February 10, 2015.
73. ↑ Coordonnées de l'agence postale de Draveil Mousseaux sur le site officiel de La Poste read on February 10, 2015.
74. ↑ Coordonnées de l'agence postale de Draveil Champrozay sur le site officiel de La Poste. read on February 10, 2015.
75. ↑ Coordonnées de l'agence postale de Draveil Bergeries sur le site officiel de La Poste. read on February 10, 2015.
76. ↑ Coordonnées de l'agence postale de Draveil Mainville sur le site officiel de La Poste. read on February 10, 2015.
77. ^ Coordonnées du center de sécurité sociale sur le site des services publics en Essonne. ( Memento of the original from May 15, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. read on February 10, 2015. 
78. ^ Coordonnées de l'antenne CAF des Mazières sur le site des services publics en Essonne. ( Memento of the original from May 15, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. read on February 10, 2015. 
79. ^ Coordonnées de l'antenne CAF des Bergeries sur le site des services publics en Essonne. ( Memento of the original from February 1, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. read on February 10, 2015. 
80. ↑ Coordonnées de l'antenne CPAM on the site des services publics en Essonne. ( Memento of the original from February 10, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. read on February 10, 2015. 
81. ↑ List of trésoreries principales de l'Essonne sur le site de la Drire d'Ile-de-France. ( Memento of the original from March 7, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. read on February 10, 2015. 
82. ^ Organization of the forces de l'Ordre dans le département sur le site de la Préfecture de l'Essonne. ( Memento of the original from April 13, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. read on February 10, 2015. 
83. ^ Carte des groupements de Sapeurs-pompiers sur le site du SDIS91. ( Memento of the original from November 11, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. read on February 10, 2015. 
84. ↑ Annuaire des notaires sur le site officiel de l'Ordre. ( Memento of the original from January 18, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. read on February 10, 2015. 
85. ^ Annuaire des avocats sur le site du Conseil national des barreaux. read on February 10, 2015.
86. ↑ Coordonnées the huissiers de justice sur le site de la Chambre national. ( Memento of the original from May 28, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. read on February 10, 2015. 
87. ^ Organization juridictionnelle sur le site du ministère de la Justice. read on February 10, 2015.
88. ↑ List of the salles de cinéma classées Art et Essai sur le site officiel de l'AFCAE. read on February 10, 2015.
89. ↑ Site officiel de la base de loisirs de Port aux Cerises. read on February 10, 2015
90. ^ Fiche de la paroisse de Draveil sur le site officiel du diocèse. read on February 11, 2015
91. ↑ Résumé statistique national sur le site de l'Insee. ( Memento of the original from June 4, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. read on February 14, 2015. 
92. ↑ Report national statistics on the site de l'Insee. ( Memento of the original from January 14, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. read on February 14, 2015. 
93. ↑ entry no. PA00087888 in the Base Mérimée of the French Ministry of Culture (French). read on February 15, 2015.
94. ↑ Fiche du château de Paris-Jardins sur le site topic-topos.com ( Memento of the original from January 18, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. read on February 15, 2015. 
95. ↑ Fiche du château de Champrosay sur le site topic-topos.com ( Memento of the original of June 10, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. read on February 15, 2015. 
96. ↑ Fiche de la Villa Kermina on the site topic-topos.com ( Memento of the original from February 16, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. read on February 15, 2015. 
97. ↑ Fiche de la Villa by Paul Lafargue on the site topic-topos.com ( Memento of the original from February 16, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. read on February 15, 2015. 
98. ↑ Fiche de la Villa d'Alphonse Daudet sur le site topic-topos.com ( Memento of the original of February 16, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. read on February 15, 2015. 
99. ↑ Fiche de la Villa Chantemerle on the site topic-topos.com ( Memento of the original from February 16, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. read on February 15, 2015. 
100. ↑ Fiche des villas de Paris-Jardins sur le site topic-topos.com ( Memento of the original from February 16, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. read on February 15, 2015. 
101. ↑ Fiche de l'église Saint-Rémi sur le site topic-topos.com ( Memento of the original of January 18, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. read on February 15, 2015. 
102. ↑ Fiche de la chapelle Saint-Hélène sur le site topic-topos.com ( Memento of the original of January 18, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. read on February 15, 2015. 
103. ↑ Fiche du marché couvert sur le site topic-topos.com ( Memento of the original of February 16, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. read on February 15, 2015. 
104. ↑ List of films tournés à Draveil sur le site L2TC.com read on February 16, 2015.