RUHR.2010 - European Capital of Culture

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Logo of RUHR.2010
With around 5.3 million inhabitants, the Ruhr area is the fourth largest metropolitan area in Europe.
Alfred-Herrhausen-Haus, seat of Ruhr. 2010
The Dortmund U : lighthouse project of the Ruhr. 2010
German Mining Museum in Bochum , one of the official visitor centers of the Ruhr. 2010
Ruhrschnellweg (A40) near Essen center

RUHR.2010 - European Capital of Culture was the name of the project to present the Ruhr area as the European Capital of Culture in 2010 . Essen had received this title on behalf of the 53 cities of the Ruhr Regional Association (RVR); this was the first time that a region was taken into account. Other cultural capitals in the same year were the Hungarian Pécs ( Pécs2010 ) and Istanbul in Turkey , where similar programs were held.

Change through culture - culture through change

The starting point was described: "The Ruhr area is European Capital of Culture 2010. It is on the way to becoming a new center of Europe as an unconventional metropolis ." The motto was: "Change through culture - culture through change". The mission statement read: “The European Capital of Culture 2010 'Essen for the Ruhr Area' presents itself as a host for everyone who wants to experience the complex change from Europe's legendary coal and steel region to a polycentric cultural metropolis of a new type. RUHR.2010 GmbH was the company responsible for preparing and realizing the Capital of Culture program, including the associated marketing and tourism activities . Together with her partners she supported the development of sustainable structures for the cultural metropolis Ruhr. RUHR.2010 brought the regional actors from culture, politics and business together in creative alliances. They all pursued the ambitious goal that the Ruhr Metropolis should play an important role in the future of Europe and become a new, unmistakable city mark on the map of Europe. "

Application phase

Originally 16 German cities applied for the title of European Capital of Culture 2010. Essen applied for the title on behalf of the Ruhr area. The German candidate cities were Augsburg , Bamberg , Braunschweig , Bremen , Essen and the Ruhr area , Görlitz (double candidacy Görlitz / Zgorzelec ), Halle (Saale) , Karlsruhe , Kassel , Cologne , Lübeck , Münster , Osnabrück , Potsdam , Regensburg and Wittenberg .

From the cities of Cologne , Münster and Essen, which entered the race for North Rhine-Westphalia , Essen was selected as a representative for further selection. As a Bavarian applicant, Regensburg was preferred to Augsburg and Bamberg .

In March 2005, the two cities of Essen and Görlitz were selected by a German jury under the auspices of the Standing Conference (KMK). This nomination was confirmed by the Federal Council and forwarded by the Foreign Office to the European Parliament and the European Commission in the third quarter of 2005 .

Essen acted on behalf of the Ruhr area under the motto "Change through culture - culture through change". The concept of modernization and “reinventing yourself”, which Essen presented under this motto, can also be exemplary for other old industrial regions. This factor in particular convinced the jury. On April 11, 2006, the EU expert jury announced the decision and nomination for Essen and the Ruhr area as European Capital of Culture 2010.

The preparations in the Ruhr area were carried out by the initiative RUHR.2010 - European Capital of Culture. The Capital of Culture opening ceremony was held on January 9th and 10th as a big festival at Essen's Zeche Zollverein , including a gala and a fireworks display financed by sponsors. The singer Herbert Grönemeyer presented a specially composed song entitled “Come to the Ruhr” at the opening. The celebrations began on January 8th with an ecumenical service in Essen Cathedral . Then the bells rang in all 53 Ruhr district municipalities.

implementation

The implementation of the project, a same name was in December 2006 Society RUHR.2010 GmbH founded where the Ruhr Regional Association , the country North Rhine-Westphalia , the initiative Ruhrgebiet and the city of Essen were involved. The managing directors were Fritz Pleitgen and Oliver Scheytt . Wulf H. Bernotat (CEO of E.ON AG) and Essen's former mayor, Wolfgang Reiniger, sat on the supervisory board . At that time the project employed around 110 people.

The RUHR.2010 GmbH was dissolved at the end 2011th

Contact persons for RUHR.2010 were provided by all municipalities in the Ruhr area. It was planned to support projects to present the culture of the Ruhr area.

Preparations were under way at the end of 2008. For example, boards “Ruhrgebiet European Capital of Culture 2010” were placed on all motorways in the direction of the Ruhr area. The first sign was unveiled by NRW Transport Minister Oliver Wittke and Fritz Pleitgen on September 22, 2008 at the Bottrop-Süd motorway service station on the A2.

The main station in Essen was extensively rebuilt by Deutsche Bahn AG from September 2008 to the beginning of 2010.

The cities

All cities in the RVR area took part in RUHR.2010. Except for Essen, which was presented all year round, every city was the “Local Hero” for a week:

Alps , Bergkamen , Bochum , Bönen , Bottrop , Breckerfeld , Castrop-Rauxel , Datteln , Dinslaken , Dorsten , Dortmund , Duisburg , Ennepetal , food , Fröndenberg , Gelsenkirchen , Gevelsberg , Gladbeck , Hagen , Haltern am See , Hamm , Hamminkeln , Hattingen , Heiligenhaus , Herdecke , Herne , Herten , Holzwickede , Hünxe , Kamen , Kamp-Lintfort , Lünen , Marl , Moers , Mülheim an der Ruhr , Neukirchen-Vluyn , Oberhausen , Oer-Erkenschwick , Recklinghausen , Rheinberg , Schermbeck , Schwelm , Schwerte , Selm , Sonsbeck , Sprockhövel , Unna , Voerde , Waltrop , Werne , Wesel , Wetter , Witten , Xanten

team

Well-known personalities were won over to the management and artistic design.

Management of RUHR.2010 GmbH:

Artistic Directors:

Over 1200 volunteers were recruited to support the various projects .

Shaft drawing balloon over Zollverein at the opening event of Ruhr2010

Projects

The Jahrhunderthalle in Bochum is the Festspielhaus NRW and, among other things, the venue for the Ruhrtriennale

The official RUHR.2010 program was presented for the first time in October 2008, a new edition of the program with the title “Book Two” appeared in autumn 2009. It summarizes the individual program items under the three main themes of myth , metropolis and Europe . These are pervaded by six program fields of images, theater, music, language, creative industries and festivals.

Understand the myth of the Ruhr

The cultural identity and the cultural heritage should be presented. Coal and steel, work and solidarity, football, the coexistence of different cultures and religions.

  • SchachtZeichen is a key project in the field of “Understanding the Myth of the Ruhr”: From May 22 to May 30, 2010, yellow helium balloons of up to 80 m in height are to rise at over 400 former major mining shafts across the entire Ruhr area. The idea behind this is to show the history of mining and the regional structural change in the Ruhr area through an art installation.

Shaping a metropolis

Based on the vision that the polycentric structure of the 53 cities of the Ruhr area with their 5.3 million inhabitants will grow together to form a new unit, following the preparatory work of the International Building Exhibition Emscher Park - visual arts, urban planning, landscape design and architecture will create new connections between cities and creating new cultural locations and impulses for change.

Building culture

Field test on Mechtenberg as part of RUHR.2010
  • According to the idea of ​​the curator Udo Weilacher, the useful and the beautiful, cultural landscape and agriculture should find a new symbiosis for other metropolitan regions as part of the project "Two mountains, one cultural landscape" at Mechtenberg near Gelsenkirchen . The first field trials of the collaboration between local farmer Hubertus Budde and Swiss landscape architect Paolo Bürgi are already underway.

Artistic interventions

  • According to the company, Emscherkunst.2010 is the largest art project at RUHR.2010. It took place from May 29, 2010 for 113 days. 40 artists and students from the Münster Art Academy created 20 works of art on the Emscher Island , which dealt with the realities of the region in the northern Ruhr area. Both the exhibition venues and the opportunities for the public to participate were unusual.
  • The KulturKanal is another key project in the overall RUHR.2010 program. This is the Rhine-Herne Canal, which is animated over a distance of approx. 70,000 meters by artistic installations and actions . For the first time, all ten neighboring towns along the waterway joined forces to make the Rhine-Herne Canal a networking and connecting element.
  • In the A42 park motorway project , the A42 federal motorway will be transformed into an integrated element of the urban cultural landscape of the Ruhr Metropolis through a wide variety of measures over the next 20 years. One measure to create the desired park character is the planting of the primeval sequoia tree as a guide tree along the route.
  • " 2-3 streets. An exhibition in cities of the Ruhr area by Jochen Gerz ”describes an exhibition on the occasion of the cultural capital year RUHR.2010, in which residents from Germany and all of Europe live rent-free apartments in three cities of the Ruhr area for one year. In return, the participants of "2-3 Streets" undertake to work on a joint text for the duration of the project.
"Strong place": Solar bunker, Gelsenkirchen.
  • “ Starke Orte - Kunst im Revier ” is an art project by 16 artist associations from the Ruhr area who joined forces in this project to organize cross-disciplinary exhibitions in alternative venues in 2010. Over 100 artists are involved in this project.
  • The " Route of Living Culture " presented the variety of everyday living worlds. Typical colliery settlements, successful and failed experiments, out of fashion, rediscovered and carefully renewed forms of living were placed in a tangible regional context. At RUHR.2010, around 50 apartments along the route were made available to the public as “show apartments” in an “exhibition” and listed in a “travel guide”.
  • The " GrenzGebietRuhr " project describes the cross-border merger of twelve art associations and two artists' houses in the Ruhr area who jointly developed a project. As part of a series of exhibitions, it reflects the topic of “borders” both in closed rooms and in public spaces.
  • Under the title “B1 | A40 - The Beauty of the Great Road”, the section of the federal highway 1, the Ruhrschnellweg, running across the Ruhr area, was staged as an exhibition space in the form of an art passage. At various locations along the motorway, artists and planners addressed the A40 as a vital urban space in which the residents act as pioneers of spatial appropriation.
  • “ Walking over water ” describes an art project in public space, which, in conjunction with the renaturation of Seseke , showed works by internationally renowned artists at 12 locations along the riverbank. The works raised the awareness of the visitors to the various stages of the ecological transformation process and in some cases offered the opportunity to actively participate in the transformation of the cultural landscape.
  • The “ Ruhr Atoll ” project combines the fields of art, science and energy by installing four designed islands for a limited period at the transition from Essen's Baldeneysee to the Ruhr. The islands dealt in different ways with the transformation of energy brought about by the use of creativity within the spectrum of its sensually perceptible forms.
Michel Verjux, undated, 2005.

Light art

  • The Ruhr Metropolis already has numerous light art projects and is considered a significant light (art) landscape in Europe. One of the key projects was the first Biennale for International Light Art from March 28 to May 27, 2010. Under the motto “open light in private spaces” , works of light art were shown for two months in 60 private apartments and houses in the cities of Bergkamen , Bönen and Fröndenberg , Hamm , Lünen and Unna . Around 60 internationally renowned artists were invited to the art project.

Discover pictures

A new perception of the metropolis in the making is to be created through the representation of the historical, the present and the newly emerging images of the Ruhr area .

Theater dare

The theaters, festivals, production and training facilities in the region are intended to provide answers to the question of how theater and dance can remove the dividing lines between milieus, generations, languages ​​and cultures.

Live music

Several extensive music networks should activate the residents of the Ruhr Metropolis:

SING - DAY OF SONG in the Veltins-Arena on Schalke
Hans Werner Henze (1960)
  • An instrument for every child , abbreviated JeKi, the largest cultural education initiative in Germany.
  • "! SING - DAY OF SONG":! SING is a musical citizens' movement. Anyone can take part. The invitation! SING is an open program that offers the opportunity to spontaneously raise one's voice through different musical formats, alone or in a community. The project took place on June 4th and 5th, 2010 in the entire Ruhr Metropolis. Over 600 registered choirs with more than 22,800 singers invite all passers-by and residents to sing along. On the evening of June 5, 2010 a big final concert took place with! SING EUROPE in the Veltins-Arena in Gelsenkirchen .
  • Grubenklang reloaded is the jazz project of the RUHR.2010 events. It is a new edition of the pit sound orchestra founded by the Bochum pianist Georg Gräwe in the 1980s. Gräwe will shape the project as artistic director, composer and performing musician. In addition to concerts by the newly formed “Grubenklang Orchestra”, which also includes co-founders Theo Jörgensmann , Eckard Koltermann and Achim Krämer , at the Moers Festival among others , there will be additional special projects. These events are complemented by chamber music encounters between regional ensembles and soloists with international musicians in the Zeche Carl in Essen and other venues. There is also a series of “literature and improvised jazz” under the artistic direction of Graewe in Bochum.
  • The Hans Werner Henze project. New music for a metropolis. The entire music landscape of the Ruhr Metropolis has come together to form a network for new music to pay homage to the composer and music thinker Hans Werner Henze . Over 40 institutions and ensembles present Henze's musical work and social activity throughout the year in over 50 performances and event series in a total of 30 cities in the Ruhr area. The program includes operas, ballets, symphony and chamber concerts, but also unusual works such as an internet opera, a retrospective film, radio operas and numerous projects for children and young people.

Experience language

All forms of literature and all formats of presentation such as novels, fairy tales, sagas, crime novels, slams, poetry and poems are intended to give people from over 170 nations with their more than 100 languages ​​new experiences.

  • In the project “Legendary Ruhr Area” together with the narrative researcher Dirk Sondermann , the Institute for Narrative Research in the Ruhr Area and the Society for Free Information Systems , historical and contemporary myths and folk tales of the region are presented on the Internet (over 500 texts) and in events by artists.

Strengthen the creative industries

“RUHR.2010 pursues a strategy of cultural-political innovations, especially in the creative industries . RUHR.2010 initiates the development of creative quarters and long-term structures in all genres of the creative class . [...] The funding strategies focus on people, markets and media. "

  • In the case of the Kreativ.Quartier, new urban areas were to be built that offered artists and creative people the opportunity to participate in the design and settlement. The list included the Dortmunder U , the Scheidt 'sche Hallen in the south of Essen, the Lohberg mine in Dinslaken, the Unna-Massen office , a strip of around 10 kilometers along the Rhine-Herne Canal in Herne with the nucleus of the Künstlerzeche Our Fritz . Bochum, Dorsten, Duisburg and Mülheim an der Ruhr also took part in the creative quarters.
  • 2010LAB.tv was set up as a video platform for the Capital of Culture and an interactive portal.
  • The Urbanatix project from Bochum, in which young street art artists from the region put on a show in the Jahrhunderthalle together with international artists, was nominated for this category . The project will continue after 2010.

Celebrate parties

Still life Ruhrschnellweg in Essen
  • On January 9, 2010, Federal President Horst Köhler officially opened the program during a ceremony in the Zeche Zollverein . Herbert Grönemeyer presents the anthem for the cultural capital "Come to the Ruhr". After the official program in front of around 1000 invited guests, a two-day cultural festival took place, which provided insights into the various projects at RUHR.2010.
  • The ExtraSchicht took place on June 19, 2010 as part of RUHR.2010.
  • On July 18, 2010, the A40 became car-free under the title Still-Leben Ruhrschnellweg . The road was closed to car traffic for 31 hours and turned into a stage for everyday culture. On the approximately 60 km long route, up to 20,000 tables with programs for the respective groups, clubs, families, neighborhoods, institutions, etc. could be viewed on foot. The other lane could be used with bicycles or inline skates. The organizers of RUHR.2010 see this event as the possible “emotional founding moment of the Ruhr Metropolis”. It has been estimated that around 3 million visitors attended this event.
  • On July 24, 2010, the Love Parade took place in Duisburg on the site of the former Duisburg Gbf freight yard near Duisburg Central Station under the motto "The Art of Love". It was also considered to be one of the most important and largest events for RUHR.2010 as part of the celebrations of the European Capital of Culture year, even if it was neither financially nor organizationally supported by its organizers. In a panic , 21 people were killed in the entrance area of ​​the event. At least 652 other people were injured, around 40 seriously. The managing director of RUHR.2010 Fritz Pleitgen said: "We are bearing heavily on the tragedy". In a moral sense he feels responsible for the misfortune. He added: “We must not give up. We have to bring this Capital of Culture year to a successful close, always aware of what happened on July 24th. That is our obligation. "
Credits of "Ruhr.2010- Das Finale"
  • On December 18th, RUHR.2010 ended with a simultaneous event. The central festival location was the Nordstern colliery , where the passengers of the Ruhrtopia steamship once again reviewed the events of the past year. On the way they got out of the game in the ports of Duisburg, Essen and Dortmund. The other venues at which decentralized closing events were held were included in the central event via live broadcast and joint public viewing.

Moving Europe

Coal and Steel Community formed in the shape of the ECSC the foundation of the European Union . The Ruhr area looks back on 150 years of immigration experience. These experiences and various projects should explore the possibilities of culture as a driving force for the European society of tomorrow and implement them in strategies.

  • In the run-up to the cultural capital year in the Ruhr area, the European film prize was awarded during a television gala . The European Film Academy (EFA) deliberately chose the Ruhr area as the venue to draw attention to RUHR.2010. In addition to the "European Cinema Festival" in Germany's largest film palace, the listed Lichtburg Essen and numerous film theaters in the Ruhr area, the official award ceremony took place on December 12, 2009 in Bochum's Jahrhunderthalle .

Science contact office - Capital of Culture 2010

The Contact Office Science - Capital of Culture 2010 was set up at the beginning of 2008 as a joint initiative of RUHR.2010 GmbH and the Institute for Cultural Studies Essen (KWI). The tasks of the office include mutual information, dialogue, coordination and the development of scientific projects for the Capital of Culture.

financing

Since the beginning of May 2009 the realization of some projects has been questionable due to a lack of sponsorship funds. The total budget of 63 million euros so far has been broken down as follows:

From industry, 17 million euros in funding were expected, half of which had already been promised. In fact, only 1.5 million euros had flowed by the end of June 2009. There was a funding gap of 7 million euros.

The problems are exacerbated by the fact that many cities and municipalities in the Ruhr area are in financial distress or are already under budgetary supervision by the district president, such as Bochum .

An opening ceremony in the Veltins Arena originally planned for January 9, 2010 in addition to the central celebration on the premises of the Zeche Zollverein has been canceled. The multicultural Melez Festival , which was already planned for 2009, has been canceled so that it can take place in 2010.

On June 23, 2009, Prime Minister Jürgen Rüttgers and Eon boss Wulf Bernotat hosted a “sponsor dinner”. One of the guests was Hans-Dietrich Genscher . This advertising and other campaigns generated an additional 2.5 million euros, so that the funding gap was reduced to 5.8 million euros.

Sponsors

Main sponsors:

Sponsor partner:

Main sponsors pay at least € 2,000,000 into the pool sponsorship, sponsoring partners at least € 250,000. Further levels are sponsors (from € 10,000) and friends (from € 3,000). In addition, sponsors can also get involved in individual projects: main project sponsor (from 100,000 €), project sponsor (50,000–100,000 €) and project sponsor (10,000–50,000 €), although the sizes can vary depending on the project. In return, the sponsors receive exclusive presentation options for their company before and during the Capital of Culture year as well as contingents for participation in special events (such as the opening ceremony at Zollverein) or in VIP areas (e.g. Still-Leben Ruhrschnellweg, workshop discussions with artists and actors) . In the case of the project sponsors, the consideration only relates to the supported projects.

literature

  • Ronald Hitzler, Gregor Betz, Gerd Möll, Arne Niederbacher: mega-event makers. Management of multiple divergences using the example of the European Capital of Culture RUHR.2010. Springer VS, 2013, ISBN 978-3-531-19583-4
  • Wolfgang Sykorra : Borbeck half- length . A school project of the European Capital of Culture Ruhr.2010. Essen: Edition Rainruhr 2011. ISBN 978-3-941676-07-7
  • RUHR.2010 GmbH (Ed.): European Capital of Culture RUHR.2010: Book two . Klartext Verlag, 2010, ISBN 978-3-8375-0316-6
  • Achim Nöllenheidt: RuhrKompakt: The cultural capital adventure guide . Klartext Verlag, 2009, ISBN 978-3-8375-0251-0
  • Gudrun Norbisrath, Achim Nöllenheidt: Culture on the Ruhr. Journey of discovery to the capital of culture . Klartext, Essen 2010, ISBN 978-3-8375-0266-4
  • Regionalverband Ruhr (Ed.): Under the open sky / Under the Open Sky . Birkhäuser Verlag, 2010, ISBN 978-3-0346-0266-2
  • Regionalverband Ruhr (Hrsg.): Feldstudien / Field studies . Birkhäuser Verlag, 2010, ISBN 978-3-0346-0260-0
  • Gregor Gumpert, Ewald Tucai (Hrsg.): Ruhr.Buch: the Ruhr area literary . German Taschenbuch-Verlag, 2009, ISBN 978-3-423-13826-0
  • Oliver Scheytt, Eckart Achauer (Ed.): Program and project management in the cultural sector. The organization of the European Capital of Culture RUHR.2010 . Dr. Josef Raabe Verlags-GmbH , 2012, ISBN E-Book 978-3-8183-0671-7

Web links

Commons : Ruhr.2010  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Mission Statement on the homepage ( Memento of the original from June 29, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.essen-fuer-das-ruhrgebiet.ruhr2010.de
  2. ↑ Wolfgang Kintscher: Scheytt defends handling of remaining million from Ruhr. 2010. January 22, 2012, accessed on February 11, 2019 (German).
  3. ↑ January 9, 2010 - Opening of Europe's cultural capital Ruhr 2010. January 9, 2015, accessed on February 15, 2019 .
  4. ↑ Where you don't succumb to appearances. January 10, 2010, accessed March 2, 2019 .
  5. ↑ kirchensite.de - online with the diocese of Münster: Overbeck asks for a blessing for the cultural capital of Essen. Retrieved February 15, 2019 .
  6. ↑ Members of the supervisory board of Ruhr.2010 ( Memento of the original from July 21, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.essen-fuer-das-ruhrgebiet.ruhr2010.de
  7. ↑ Wolfgang Kintscher: Scheytt defends handling of remaining million from Ruhr. 2010. January 22, 2012, accessed on February 11, 2019 (German).
  8. ↑ Overview of the projects  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www2.kulturhauptstadt-europa.de  
  9. ^ Press release from Ruhr.2010 GmbH about the installation of the new signs
  10. ^ Capital of Culture Ruhr 2010: Light in the shaft . In: Spiegel Online . December 9, 2009 ( spiegel.de [accessed February 11, 2019]).
  11. ↑ RUHR.2010: local hero week from December 12th to 18th ( memento of the original from February 14th, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.essen-fuer-das-ruhrgebiet.ruhr2010.de
  12. ↑ Team ( Memento of the original from July 17, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.essen-fuer-das-ruhrgebiet.ruhr2010.de
  13. ↑ Volunteers for Ruhr 2010  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.essen-fuer-das-ruhrgebiet.ruhr2010.de  
  14. ↑ Ruhr.2010 GmbH “Essen for the Ruhr Area” (ed.): European Capital of Culture RUHR.2010 . Book two. Essen September 2009. , p. 4.f
  15. ↑ EMSCHERKUNST. 2010
  16. ↑ KulturKanal
  17. ↑ Parkautobahn A42 ( Memento of the original from July 7th, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.parkautobahn.de
  18. ↑ 2-3 Streets ( Memento of January 21, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Retrieved September 2, 2015.
  19. ↑ WDR: Ruhr 2010 - What has it done for art? August 18, 2011, accessed February 14, 2019 .
  20. ↑ Route of living culture ( Memento from March 6, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
  21. ↑ 50 years of the Kunstverein: Ulrich Daduna on projects, wishes, folding boxes. Retrieved February 14, 2019 .
  22. ↑ Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.essen-fuer-das-ruhrgebiet.ruhr2010.de
  23. ↑ Walking over water ( Memento of the original dated September 23, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.xn--berwasseriegen-fsb.de
  24. ↑ Ruhr Atoll
  25. ↑ Biennale for international light art
  26. ↑ ! SING - DAY OF A SONG ( Memento of the original from July 4, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.essen-fuer-das-ruhrgebiet.ruhr2010.de
  27. ↑ Jazzzeitung 2010/01: jazz today: The European Capital of Culture and Jazz. Retrieved February 14, 2019 .
  28. ↑ RUHR.2010 ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.essen-fuer-das-ruhrgebiet.ruhr2010.de
  29. ↑ The legendary Ruhr area
  30. ↑ Ruhr.2010 GmbH “Essen for the Ruhr Area” (ed.): European Capital of Culture RUHR.2010 . Book two. Essen September 2009. , p. 5
  31. ↑ Program "Opening RUHR.2010 - Culture Festival 'Glück Auf 2010!'" ( Memento of the original from March 24, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. As of December 22, 2009 (accessed January 2, 2010) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.essen-fuer-das-ruhrgebiet.ruhr2010.de
  32. ↑ Extra shift
  33. ↑ Ruhr.2010 GmbH “Essen for the Ruhr Area” (ed.): European Capital of Culture RUHR.2010 . Book two. Essen September 2009. , p. 5
  34. ^ Westdeutsche Zeitung: Ruhr 2010: The makers cheer. Retrieved February 14, 2019 .
  35. ↑ Doubts about the security concept of the Love Parade ( memento from July 29, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) tagesschau.de from July 25, 2010
  36. ↑ Loveparade criminal proceedings: Anonymized charge . lg-duisburg.nrw.de, December 12, 2017, page 2.
  37. ↑ Von Schmeling: "There was no mass panic", in: "Public prosecutors confiscate documents" FAZ.net of July 25, 2010 , accessed on July 26, 2010
  38. ↑ Pleitgen: "We mustn't give up now" - For the Love Parade at RUHR.2010 , derwesten.de, July 26, 2010
  39. ^ Elisabeth Höving: Furious finale for Ruhr.2010 in Gelsenkirchen. December 19, 2010, accessed on February 14, 2019 (German).
  40. ↑ cf. RuhrNachrichten (RN): European Film Award at RuhrNachrichten.de, March 14, 2009 (accessed on March 14, 2009)
  41. ↑ cf. Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung (WAZ): Film Oscar in Bochum at derwesten.de, March 13, 2009 (accessed on July 7, 2015)
  42. ↑ a b page no longer available , search in web archives: press release from May 4, 2009@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.essen.de
  43. ↑ The Capital of Culture puts the red pencil in : WAZ, May 2, 2009 ( online )
  44. ↑ Many municipalities do not have the money for Ruhr 2010. In: WAZ, June 23, 2009 ( online )
  45. ↑ And another 2.5 million for Ruhr . 2010 In: WAZ, June 24, 2009 ( online )
  46. ↑ Pleitgen: The Capital of Culture will not be a fiasco In: WAZ, June 25, 2009 ( online )
  47. ↑ Sponsors Brochure of the Ruhr.2010 ( Memento of the original from January 6th 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 5.2 MB) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.essen-fuer-das-ruhrgebiet.ruhr2010.de