Primera División
| Primera División | |
 |
|
| Full name | LaLiga Santander (sponsor) |
| Association | RFEF |
| First edition | February 10, 1929 |
| hierarchy | 1st League |
| Teams | 20th |
| master | real Madrid |
| Record champions | Real Madrid (34 titles) |
| Record player |
 Andoni Zubizarreta (622)
|
| Record scorer |
 Lionel Messi (444)
|
| Current season | 2019/20 |
| Website | laliga.es |
| Qualification for |
Champions League Europa League Supercopa de España |
|
↓ Segunda Division (II)
|
|
The Primera División ( German First Division ; sponsor name LaLiga Santander ) is the highest Spanish football league . It has existed since the 1929 season and is operated by the Liga Nacional de Fútbol Profesional (LFP) (known as LaLiga , legally Liga Nacional de Fútbol Profesional ). From 2008 to 2016, the league was sponsored by Liga BBVA . In 2016, LaLiga Santander was confirmed as the new name sponsor of the Spanish Football League, replacing BBVA with another bank.
According to the current UEFA five-year ranking , clubs from Spanish league football have achieved the best results in European competitions over the past five years.
regulate
overview
The league consists of twenty clubs that play the champions in a round trip. The positions in the table are based on the points scored in the games: three points for a win, one point for a tie and zero points for a defeat. Unlike in the Bundesliga , if there is a tie, it is not the goal difference that decides the placement immediately , but the results of the direct clashes between the teams with the same number of points.
This currently results in 38 game days. Due to the hot Spanish summer, the season starts relatively late compared to the other major leagues in Europe, usually in late August or early September and ends in June. An earlier end can only be expected if a world championship or a European championship follows after the season . There is always a short break only over Christmas and New Year's Eve , which is why there is usually a game day on weekdays in the week before Christmas. The games generally take place on the weekend, but staggered so that usually no more than one game is played at the same time. This results in kick-off times from 12 noon to 10 p.m.
According to the current status of the UEFA five-year ranking , the champions and the runner-up to fourth place will play in the group stage of the Champions League . The clubs in fifth and sixth place play in the Europa League . The last three placed are relegated to the Segunda División .
The winner of the Copa del Rey , the Spanish cup competition, also receives the right to a place in the Europa League.
There have been many changes since the league was founded in 1929. Since 1929 it has only been constant that the direct comparison before the goal difference (previously: goal difference ) is decisive when two teams have the same number of points. The number of teams has changed as follows:
| Period | Teams |
|---|---|
| 1929-1933/34 | 10 |
| 1934/35 - 1940/41 | 12 |
| 1941/42 - 1949/50 | 14th |
| 1950/51 - 1970/71 | 16 |
| 1971/72 - 1986/87 | 18th |
| 1987/88 - 1994/95 | 20th |
| 1995/96 - 1996/97 | 22nd |
| since 1997/98 | 20th |
So the number increased almost constantly. The 1995/96 and 1996/97 seasons were an exception. Due to their indebtedness, the teams from Celta Vigo and Sevilla FC were downgraded to the third division, the Segunda B , after the 1994/95 season . The teams from Real Valladolid and Albacete Balompié , who were relegated in terms of sport, remained in the league. Officials and fans of Celta and Seville successfully protested against the forced relegation at the Spanish Football Association. Therefore, the league was increased to 22 teams, as Valladolid and Albacete successfully protested against the effectiveness of their relegation. After two seasons, the league was reduced to 20 teams again. As a result of this measure, the second division still plays with 22 teams.
For a long time there were also relegation games about relegation from the first or promotion from the second division. With interruptions, there were until 1998/99 two permanent relegations (the last and the penultimate) and two teams that came into the relegation round (the third and fourth from last). In the seasons 1950/51 to 1955/56 there was a promotion round in the summer break. There played the two relegation teams from the first division as well as the second and third from both seasons of the Segunda División (the Segunda División then consisted of two seasons).
Today the last three teams from the Primera División will be relegated and the first two teams from the Segunda División will be safely promoted. The teams in places 3 to 6 of the Segunda División play the third promoted team in a playoff mode.
Until 1995/96 there were two points for a win and one for a draw. Since then there are three points for a win .
Aliens restriction
The 25-player professional squad, which each club must announce on August 31 and January 31 of each season, is limited to three non-EU nationals . Apart from the citizens of the European Union , for whom there are no longer any restrictions since the Bosman decision , the citizens of the ACP countries can also apply for a permit since the 2007/08 season on the basis of the Cotonou Agreement , which they can obtain from the non-EU - Foreigners generally exempt.
history
prehistory
Before the league was founded, there was already the Copa del Rey, which had been awarded since 1902. In addition, each Spanish province or region had its own league. Examples of this are the Campeonato de Catalunya in Catalonia , or the Campeonato Centro in the city of Madrid and the surrounding area. Football developed rapidly in Spain, and soon there were the first supraregional stars such as Rafael Moreno Aranzadi, nickname: Basque Pitxitxi , Spanish Pichichi , after whom the Pichichi goal scorer trophy was named, as well as Josep Samitier , Paulino Alcántara and above all Ricardo Zamora , after which the goalkeeper trophy Zamora was named.
Professional football was introduced in 1926, and the first stars could only live on their salaries as players. Soon there was an effort to establish a national league as well. However, this was more difficult than initially assumed, as the envoys of the leagues of Catalonia and the Basque Country were particularly reluctant to do so. In these leagues the quality of football was already pronounced and many good teams had developed and made a name. In addition, there were many logistical problems at the time; Travel to away games could take four to five days. They agreed on an initial size of ten teams: everyone who had won the Copa del Rey to date and the finalists.
As the successor to Real Club Fortuna Vigo and the former finalist Real Vigo Sporting Club - under the name Vigo FC , this club had been in the final of the Copa del Rey 1908 - Celta Vigo was also expecting a place in the first division. The rest of the clubs spoke out against it, as the trip to Vigo in the farthest corner of Spain would have been the most expensive and longest for almost all teams. So there were nine founding members. A small tournament was organized for the tenth starting place. Racing Santander beat Celta Vigo in the final .
Founding members
- From the Basque Country : Athletic Bilbao ; Real Unión Irún ; Arenas de Getxo ; Real Sociedad
- From the Community of Madrid : Real Madrid ; Atlético Madrid
- From Catalonia : FC Barcelona ; Espanyol Barcelona ; CE Europe
- Racing Santander qualified as a team from another region
The years leading up to the Spanish Civil War
The kick-off of the Primera División took place on February 10, 1929. The first goal scored José Prat Ripollés in the game Espanyol Barcelona against Real Unión Irún in the fifth minute of the game.
Economically, the wheat from the chaff was quickly separated: Many teams from villages and small towns, which were very popular, soon could no longer keep up; an example of this is Real Unión Irún , which could only keep up until 1932. The dominant club in those early years was Athletic Bilbao, with four titles in eight seasons. In 1929/30 they won the championship for the first time without a defeat. Real Madrid succeeded two seasons later. Many teams still had English coaches at the time, the best known being Fred Pentland from Athletic Bilbao. Real Madrid managed to put an end to this dominance through expensive purchases for two years. I.a. were Luis Regueiro , Josep Samitier and Ricardo Zamora committed for the then incredibly high sum of 150,000 pesetas. The league's first surprise came in 1934/35 when Betis Sevilla won the title. The Spanish Civil War , which broke out in 1936, interrupted gaming for three seasons.
Period from the end of the civil war to 1953
After the civil war there was initially chaos. The new government exchanged the leadership of the association and most of the referees. The Real Oviedo stadium was destroyed, the club was allowed to take a year off with a special permit without relegation. The great Athletic Bilbao team had dispersed and never played again; there were only five players left from the championship team from 1936. What saved the club was its glorious youth work.
So Athletic was able to catch up again quickly and soon had many national players in its own team and the basic structure of the championship team from 1943 built up. A long dry spell began for Real Madrid without a title. Barcelona also found their way back slowly at first and avoided relegation by two points. The Valencia was with his three won championships in 1942, 1944 and 1947, the dominant force.
FC Barcelona caught up with their striker César Rodríguez in the late 1940s and won four times in six years. Between each two championships there was a brace from Atlético Madrid, which then appeared with one of the first colorful teams, led by Larbi Ben Barek . A world star , László Kubala , joined Barcelona in 1951. It is with him that the reputation, which continues to this day, is based on the fact that the greatest world stars have always played in Spain.
Dominance of the "white ballet" (1953–1965)
Real Madrid remained without a league title for the first 14 years after the civil war. Several times they failed to win the title and the club management waited for the title to go to the newly built Santiago Bernabéu Stadium . Real bought big for the 1953/54 season. The most important commitment was Alfredo Di Stéfano , who shaped the league for the next ten years. Another important commitment was that of Francisco Gento . Real Madrid won four titles in five years, interrupted only in 1955/56 when Athletic Bilbao became champions. Alfredo Di Stéfano was the top scorer five times by 1959.
Madrid bought into the talents with whom this era began, world stars who made the club even better known internationally. I.a. During this time, Ferenc Puskás , Raymond Kopa , Didí , Héctor Rial and José Santamaría played for the club. The permanent opponent FC Barcelona was only able to win two titles again in 1959 and 1960, with Helenio Herrera , who was still relatively unknown at the time, as coach.
However, Barça missed the connection to Real in the following period. The good players were either sold ( Evaristo and Luis Suárez ) or ended their careers ( Sándor Kocsis , László Kubala and Antoni Ramallets ). In the duel between the two rivals, Barcelona fell behind for years. In the series of five titles between 1961 and 1965, the first was the most impressive, which is still considered the most superior title win in the Primera División. After the opening defeat in the derby against Atlético Madrid, the team remained 28 games without defeat and won 15 times in a row. In the shadow of the dominance of the “white ballet”, it is often forgotten today that international football was also shaped by the other teams in the Spanish elite league in those years.
Real Madrid were not the only ones to dominate the European Cup with five titles . City rivals Atlético won the European Cup Winners' Cup in 1962 , FC Barcelona twice won the Exhibition Cities Cup (forerunner of the UEFA Cup ), as did FC Valencia and even Real Saragossa , the third league player in those years, won this Europe-wide competition . The last two even had purely Spanish finals.
Championship fight in Madrid (1965-1973)
In this era, the duel was no longer Real versus Barça , but Real versus Atlético . Barcelona had to wait 14 years for the next championship title and only intervened indirectly in the championship events, if at all. So they beat Real Madrid on the penultimate match day in 1965/66, and Atlético Madrid won the championship. Real Madrid had managed to build a new generation of players, the only one who remained active was Francisco Gento, leading the new team around Amancio , Ignacio Zoco and Pirri . Nevertheless, Atlético was an equal opponent in those years. The pillars here were Luis Aragonés and Enrique Collar .
It is generally assumed that Atlético could have drawn level with Real by winning the European Cup in 1974 , but they lost the final and could never stand up to their opponents from their own city as they did at that time. Real Saragossa also had a successful time with two cup wins, a UEFA Cup and the regular appearance in third and fourth place in the final table. However, the upheaval did not succeed, and 1970/71 rose to the second division.
Constant duel between Madrid and Barcelona (1973 to 2012)
For FC Barcelona , the 1973/74 season is almost mystical to this day. The basis for this was the signing of Johan Cruyff , who in the eyes of the Barcelona fans has a similar value as the transfer of Alfredo Di Stéfano for Real Madrid. The season ended with Barcelona's first championship since 1960. Many Catalans even see a connection between politics of that year and football. Barcelona beat Real Madrid 5-0 away and the following year Spain's dictator Francisco Franco died , followed by the end of the dictatorship and the autonomy of Catalonia.
Real had three Germans in their squad around 1975: Günter Netzer , Paul Breitner and Uli Stielike . With them, Real, which in 1974 was in danger of relegation at times, returned to its old strength and became champions five times in six years. Between 1980/81 and 1983/84 two Basque clubs, Real Sociedad San Sebastián and Athletic Bilbao, lined up four titles. With the series of 38 games without defeat, the team from San Sebastián set a record that was only surpassed by FC Barcelona in April 2018.
At the end of the 1980s, Real Madrid achieved the same feat with five titles in a row as in the early 1960s. The team was called Quinta del Buitre , after the nickname of the team captain Emilio Butragueño. After that, Barcelona again lined up four titles. Curiously to mention are the circumstances of the two championship wins of Barcelona in 1992 and 1993, when Real Madrid lost both times on the last match day at CD Tenerife .
Until 2000, Barcelona and Real Madrid continued to duel for the championship. Both teams vied ever more intensely for the best players in the world. At the beginning of the new millennium, Valencia CF and Deportivo La Coruña were a sign of the strengthening of a few third teams who had received a lot of money (mostly from television) and implemented it. While La Coruña was only able to break out of the shadows for a short time, Valencia reached the Champions League final twice , won the UEFA Cup and the Spanish championship twice, establishing itself as the third force behind Real Madrid and FC Barcelona, often also as "Best of the rest" called. Since the 1990s, after a long time, they have also enjoyed success in the European Cup, both of which have won the Champions League several times.
At the beginning of the 21st century, Sevilla FC attracted attention, winning twice the UEFA Cup and the Copa del Rey. In the 2006/07 season , Real Madrid managed to become champions again after four years, although Barcelona had mostly been top of the table and in the 2007/08 season Real Madrid took the title for the first time since the five-pack championships from 1986 to 1990 defend successfully. They managed to do this three game days before the end of the season. A curiosity was significant here due to the fact that the players of all clubs who still play against the new champions after winning the title early, traditionally stand in front of the corresponding game for the champions' players and the players of FC Barcelona do the Madrilenians this favor had to.
Another highlight of the duel between Madrid and Barcelona took place in the 2008/09 season when FC Barcelona won 6-2 at the Estadio Santiago Bernabéu and thus the championship title, which the Madrilenians would have come very close with a win, so well how secured. FC Barcelona dominated the season almost entirely at will, nationally and internationally. In the following 2009/10 season , FC Barcelona and Real Madrid were at eye level from the start. This was also due to the fact that Real made transfers at an unprecedented level. The Madrilenians signed stars like Cristiano Ronaldo , Kaká , Karim Benzema and Xabi Alonso . In total, Real Madrid paid around 250 million euros. As expected, both marched from win to win, but Real Madrid were twice beaten by Barça , allowing the Catalans to defend their title. At the end of this season, FC Barcelona won 99 out of 114 points and Real Madrid 96 points. With that, FC Barcelona broke Real Madrid's old point record. It was not until the 2010/11 season that the new coach José Mourinho (including the signings of Sami Khedira and Mesut Özil ) was able to bring more security and structure to the Madrilenians and, above all, to "stabilize" them in direct encounters with Barcelona. Although they initially lost 5-0 in their own stadium and thus the championship lead, the other Clásicos were much closer this season than in previous years. In the end, however, they lost the championship to the Catalans for the third time in a row and failed in the Champions League because of them. In the following season Real Madrid were almost unbeatable, were able to return the favor with an almost perfect season and a superior victory at Camp Nou at Barça and at the end of the 2011/12 season after two years they regained the point record with 100 points.
Atlético Madrid mixes up the league for a three-way battle (since 2012)
However, after this unexpectedly superior year, the championship was again dominated by the Catalans. After a weak first half of the season, the Madrilenians were only in third place behind local rivals Atlético Madrid , who were now the Barça pursuers. Although they were able to improve significantly in the second half of the season and secure second place, FC Barcelona played their ball security against almost every opponent and thus again achieved the championship and 100 points in the 2012/13 season . In 2013/14 , Atlético Madrid, another club won the Primera División after ten years. The key to this was the compact and effective style of play that Diego Simeone had perfected in recent years, with which he even achieved the first victory in 15 years in the Madrid city derby . After Real Madrid had topped the table, there was a duel between Atlético and Barça at the end of the season, which Atlético won its tenth championship after 18 years. In the 2014/15 season, too, a three-way battle for the title formed, which FC Barcelona won. In the season 2015/16 Barcelona drew early thereof, followed by Atlético. Real Madrid fired Rafael Benítez (* 1960), brought in Zinédine Zidane as coach and began a race to catch up, which ended on the last day of the match with one point behind in favor of Barcelona. Barcelona won the sixth championship in eight years, a series only interrupted by the two Madrid clubs. In the 2016/17 season , the Madrid- based royal team won their 33rd championship (current Spanish record) with a 3-point lead over Barcelona and celebrated their second success in the Champions League, and then for the third time in the 2017/18 season . This season, Barça became Spanish champions for the 25th time with 99 goals, 14 points ahead, and Atlético beat Olympique Marseille 3-0 in the 2017/18 UEFA Europa League final . The subsequent Derbi madrileño for the 2018 UEFA Super Cup decided Atlético 4-2 on August 15, 2018 after extra time.
LaLiga President Javier Tebas announced a cooperation plan on August 16, 2018 in the course of development measures on the North American market, which to date has been dominated by the English Premier League . For example, LaLiga North America is to be established in cooperation with the US Relevent Group for an initial period of 15 years . The aim of this joint venture is to make the league and Spanish football more present on the continent and, in addition to financial aspects, also have a positive influence on the way football is played there. In addition, one season game of the Primera División is to be held in the USA and Canada in the future.
The only three clubs that have been members since the league was founded and have never been relegated are Real Madrid, FC Barcelona and Athletic Bilbao.
statistics
Title by club
- Status: end of season 2019/20
| club | title |
|---|---|
| real Madrid | 34 |
| FC Barcelona | 26th |
| Atlético Madrid | 10 |
| Athletic Bilbao | 8th |
| Valencia CF | 6th |
| Real Sociedad San Sebastian | 2 |
| Deportivo La Coruña | 1 |
| Betis Seville | 1 |
| Sevilla FC | 1 |
Record champions
The record champions are Real Madrid. Historical development:
|
|
Eternal table
The 25 best-placed clubs in the Eternal Table (season 1928/29 to 2017/18), according to the three-point rule:
| space | team | Years of play | Games | Victories | draw | Defeats | Goal difference | Points | Ø points |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | real Madrid | 87 | 2800 | 1669 | 562 | 569 | 2857 | 5569 | 1.99 |
| 2. | FC Barcelona | 87 | 2800 | 1609 | 569 | 622 | 2856 | 5396 | 1.93 |
| 3. | Atlético Madrid | 81 | 2652 | 1264 | 608 | 780 | 1261 | 4400 | 1.66 |
| 4th | Athletic Bilbao | 87 | 2800 | 1219 | 646 | 935 | 923 | 4303 | 1.54 |
| 5. | Valencia CF | 83 | 2702 | 1209 | 623 | 870 | 956 | 4250 | 1.57 |
| 6th | Sevilla FC | 74 | 2446 | 1007 | 538 | 901 | 298 | 3559 | 1.45 |
| 7th | Espanyol Barcelona | 83 | 2664 | 960 | 621 | 1083 | −281 | 3501 | 1.31 |
| 8th. | Real Sociedad San Sebastian | 71 | 2340 | 878 | 584 | 878 | 5 | 3218 | 1.38 |
| 9. | Real Zaragoza | 58 | 1986 | 698 | 522 | 766 | −164 | 2616 | 1.32 |
| 10. | Betis Seville | 52 | 1766 | 624 | 446 | 696 | −330 | 2318 | 1.31 |
| 11. | Celta Vigo | 52 | 1736 | 599 | 399 | 738 | −348 | 2196 | 1.26 |
| 12. | Deportivo La Coruña | 46 | 1568 | 569 | 403 | 596 | −179 | 2110 | 1.35 |
| 13. | Real Valladolid | 43 | 1466 | 463 | 384 | 619 | −417 | 1773 | 1.21 |
| 14th | Sporting Gijón | 42 | 1458 | 471 | 358 | 629 | −399 | 1771 | 1.21 |
| 15th | Racing Santander | 44 | 1426 | 453 | 335 | 638 | −523 | 1693 | 1.19 |
| 16. | CA Osasuna | 37 | 1316 | 425 | 326 | 565 | −336 | 1601 | 1.22 |
| 17th | CD Málaga and FC Málaga | 37 | 1294 | 395 | 335 | 564 | −383 | 1517 | 1.17 |
| 18th | Real Oviedo | 38 | 1192 | 408 | 292 | 492 | −309 | 1516 | 1.27 |
| 19th | UD Las Palmas | 34 | 1134 | 372 | 249 | 513 | −449 | 1365 | 1.20 |
| 20th | RCD Mallorca | 27 | 988 | 333 | 256 | 399 | −189 | 1255 | 1.27 |
| 21st | Villarreal CF | 18th | 684 | 284 | 179 | 221 | 110 | 1031 | 1.51 |
| 22nd | Granada CF. | 23 | 742 | 218 | 175 | 349 | −339 | 829 | 1.18 |
| 23. | FC Elche | 21st | 678 | 203 | 180 | 295 | −272 | 789 | 1.16 |
| 24. | Rayo Vallecano | 18th | 642 | 189 | 148 | 305 | −328 | 715 | 1.11 |
| 25th | Hércules Alicante | 20th | 628 | 184 | 149 | 295 | −334 | 701 | 1.12 |
| Sources: weltfussball.de rsssf.com (converted according to the three-point rule) | |||||||||
Organization of professional football
Professional league
The Liga Nacional de Fútbol Profesional (LFP for short) was officially launched on July 26, 1984 and, under the umbrella of the Spanish federation, is largely autonomous for the organization, event, licensing and marketing of the two professional Spanish leagues, the Primera División and Segunda División A, responsible. It is formed by all professional football clubs and corporations.
With 23 other national professional league associations, the LFP is a founding member of the World Leagues Forum , which was founded in Zurich in February 2016 , whose aim is, among other things, to pool the interests of the professional leagues centrally and to share their common views with FIFA and other institutions from sport and politics to represent.
Structure of the clubs
Until the early 1990s, most Spanish clubs were organized under association law . The high indebtedness of numerous clubs and the low transparency of their finances, which threatened the continued existence of all Spanish professional football, led to the passing of a law on October 15, 1990 that the clubs were converted into sociedades anónimas deportivas (SAD) (Spanish for: sports stock corporations ) prescribed and regulated. Only Real Madrid, FC Barcelona, Athletic Bilbao and CA Osasuna are currently excluded and still structured as sports clubs in the traditional sense of the word in Spanish professional football .
In contrast to the football corporations from England , Italy or Germany , no club is listed in Spain to this day .
Popularity of the clubs according to the 2014 survey
A nationwide survey conducted in June 2014 by the Spanish state polling institute Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas (CIS) showed the gap between the two big clubs and the rest in popularity. 37.9% of Spaniards responded when asked which football club they are most sympathetic with Real Madrid, followed in sequence by FC Barcelona (25.4%), Atlético Madrid (6.1%), FC Valencia (3.5%), Athletic Bilbao (3.3%), Betis Sevilla (3.2), Real Sociedad 1.9, Deportivo La Coruña (1.5%), Real Saragossa and Celta Vigo (1.3%).
financing
Classification according to sales
With a turnover of 2.526 billion euros in 2016, the Primera Division is the third strongest football league after the English Premier League and the German Bundesliga and the seventh strongest sports league in terms of sales. Despite high income, the clubs in the first division had, according to the Spanish government alone with the tax office on January 1, 2012 debts totaling around € 490 million. The total debt of the Primera Division in 2012 was around 3.5 billion euros.
Stadiums and spectators
| year | League cut | Stadium with the highest standard | O |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2003/04 | 29,653 | Camp Nou ( FC Barcelona ) | 73,624 |
| 2004/05 | 28,864 | Camp Nou ( FC Barcelona ) | 74,081 |
| 2005/06 | 29,598 | Camp Nou ( FC Barcelona ) | 74.105 |
| 2006/07 | 29,055 | Camp Nou ( FC Barcelona ) | 73,466 |
| 2007/08 | 29,312 | Estadio Santiago Bernabéu ( Real Madrid ) | 76,332 |
| 2008/09 | 28,462 | Estadio Santiago Bernabéu ( Real Madrid ) | 71,523 |
| 2009/10 | 28,488 | Camp Nou ( FC Barcelona ) | 77,983 |
| 2010/11 | 28,177 | Camp Nou ( FC Barcelona ) | 79.219 |
| 2011/12 | 28,462 | Camp Nou ( FC Barcelona ) | 78,340 |
| 2012/13 | 28,249 | Camp Nou ( FC Barcelona ) | 71,350 |
| 2013/14 | 26,843 | Camp Nou ( FC Barcelona ) | 71,958 |
| 2014/15 | 27,021 | Camp Nou ( FC Barcelona ) | 77,632 |
| 2015/16 | 28,168 | Camp Nou ( FC Barcelona ) | 78,881 |
| 2016/17 | 27,630 | Camp Nou ( FC Barcelona ) | 77,461 |
| 2017/18 | 26,886 | Camp Nou ( FC Barcelona ) | 65,731 |
| 2018/19 | 26,814 | Camp Nou ( FC Barcelona ) | 75.208 |
| Source: weltfussball.de | |||
The Primera División has had a relatively constant average attendance of around 29,000 per game in recent years, which corresponds to around 11 million stadium visitors per season with a total of 380 matches a year. The clubs with the clearly highest attendance figures are Real Madrid and FC Barcelona, whose stadiums, the Santiago Bernabéu and the Camp Nou , often accommodate over 70,000 spectators per game on average over the season.
In the near future, Valencia CF will also have a modern stadium with the Nou Mestalla. Atlético Madrid has been playing in the newly opened Wanda Metropolitano since 2018. Athletic Bilbao and FC Barcelona are working on renovation and expansion projects, which is why the average number of viewers in Spain can be expected to increase in the medium term.
It is also characteristic of Spanish football that most of the major clubs, such as Real Madrid, FC Barcelona, Valencia CF, Atlético Madrid and Athletic Bilbao, own their venues. Exceptions among the largest football stadiums are currently the Estadio Riazor in A Coruña and La Romareda in Saragossa , which are publicly owned. As a result, stadium revenues, similar to many Premier League clubs and unlike, for example, Italy, make up a significant proportion of sales. In the 2007/08 financial year, Real Madrid posted € 101.0 million and FC Barcelona € 91.5 million in stadium revenues, representing 28% and 29% of their annual sales, respectively.
Television money
Similar to the other major European leagues, income from television money plays a decisive role in the financing of the clubs. However, in Spain, similar to Serie A and unlike in Germany or England, the decision was made to use decentralized marketing. The clubs therefore market their rights independently of one another. This will increase the financial gap between the big clubs, essentially Real Madrid and FC Barcelona, and the rest. The “Royal” took in € 135.8 million from TV marketing in the 2007/08 season, € 116.2 million at FC Barcelona and € 56.4 million at Valencia (2006/07 ) came to around 41% of the revenue compared to Real Madrid. Smaller clubs only get a fraction of such amounts.
In the recent past, decentralized marketing has also led to a veritable “television war” between two media companies. As the majority owner of Audiovisual Sport , the pay-TV operator Sogecable held the rights to all Spanish professional clubs for a long time . But from the 2006/07 season, the media production company Mediapro began to bind more and more clubs with extremely lucrative contracts. Initially, it was agreed that Digital + and Canal + (both majority-owned by Sogecable) could broadcast the games via Pay Per View or encrypted, while La Sexta , a free-to-air broadcaster controlled by Mediapro, broadcast a Saturday game at 10 p.m. For € 150 million, Mediapro also received the rights to the secondary exploitation of all games as well as the foreign rights. At the beginning of the 2007/08 season, however, the two companies got caught up in a heated argument and accused each other of having failed to meet payment obligations.
As a consequence, Mediapro, with the support of the LFP (professional league), broadcast more games on free TV than initially agreed. Both opponents also sent letters to all teams that were under contract with them and asked them not to let the respective rival company into the stadium. Since Mediapro was responsible for the international broadcasts, this conflict also led to numerous broadcast failures on the international stage.
Sponsors
In contrast to numerous other leagues in Europe, name sponsorship was unusual for a long time. It was not until the 2007/08 season, for example, that the professional league decided to change the name of a competition for the first time. The Segunda División received the official name Liga BBVA in the same season . In the 2008/09 season, this name was finally transferred to the first division, while the second division was named Liga Adelante . In the media, however, these names had not caught on. For the 2016/17 season, the league signed a sponsorship agreement with Banco Santander , whereby the first two leagues were named LaLiga Santander and LaLiga 1 | for three years 2 | 3 received. This was based on the colloquial name La Liga , under which the league had already been known.
Name sponsorship is very unusual for club names. A club was renamed for the first time in April 2011: Getafe FC was renamed Getafe Team Dubai after it was taken over by the Royal Emirates Group. Name sponsorship is also rare for stadiums. Currently, only the Iberostar Estadi bears the name of a sponsor.
The income from shirt sponsorship is rather underdeveloped in an international comparison. According to the European Jersey Report 2010/11 by the market research company Sport + Markt , the Primera División ranks fifth in this area with € 57.5 million per year, behind the Premier League (128 million), the Bundesliga (118, 5 million), Serie A (65.9 million) and Ligue 1 (58.8 million), as well as just ahead of the Dutch Eredivisie (42 million). In addition, almost 40% of the total € 57.5 million in revenue comes from the jersey advertising of a single club, namely Real Madrid: The “Royal” receive around 23 million a year from Bwin , which is clearly ahead of Atlético Madrid (10 million, KIA ) and Valencia CF (3.5 million, Unibet ). One reason for the poor performance so far in an international comparison is the fact that, with FC Barcelona, one of the league's financial draft horses has voluntarily renounced shirt sponsorship. Only since the 2011/12 season has the emblem of the Qatar Foundation been seen on the front of the shirts instead of the UNICEF logo (for which FC Barcelona had not received any money) .
Overall, there is also a clear difference between the two big clubs from Madrid and Barcelona and the rest in the area of merchandising and sponsoring in Spain. Real Madrid stands out particularly in this aspect. In the 2007/08 financial year, the Madrilenians generated € 129.0 million in this way and were in second place behind FC Bayern Munich with € 176.5 million and ahead of FC Barcelona with € 101.1 million, in an international comparison .
Kick-off times
The Primera División games usually take place on Saturday, Sunday or Monday. The majority of the games are played on Sundays. In the 2011/12 season, the kick-off times of the league changed in order to better develop the Asian market. Since then, a game has started on Sundays at 12 noon. Currently, every game - with the exception of the last two game days - starts at a different time from Friday to Monday evening.
Records
Naming team records (as of the end of the 2017/2018 season) is complicated in the Primera División, as the changes in the number of participating teams mean that the records always have very different statements. It is the same with the most goals scored by a team in a season.
Records in terms of defeats, goals and points and wins
Defeats
The absolute value calls z. B. in the team with the least total defeat in a season Real Madrid ( 1931/32 ) and Athletic Bilbao ( 1929/30 ), since both remained without defeat. However, they only played 18 games. Real Madrid suffered only one defeat in 38 games in the 1988/89 season , but FC Barcelona was the longest unbeaten (43 games, April 15, 2017 to May 9, 2018). The longest defeat series, however, showed UD Las Palmas (11 games, December 13, 1959 to February 21, 1960).
Gates
The season with the highest average goal took place in 1929/30 , in which 420 goals were scored in 90 games (Ø 4.67), while the season with the lowest goal average was 1972/73 with 656 goals in 306 games (Ø 2.14) instead of. The most goals in a season were scored by Real Madrid in 2011/12 (121 goals in 38 games, Ø 3.18), while FC Barcelona scored 96 goals in 30 games in the 1958/59 season . In terms of relative value, however, Barcelona is just ahead of the Madrilenians (3.2 to 3.18). The fewest goals in a season were scored by CD Logroñés in 1994/95 (15 goals in 38 games, Ø 0.39).
Points and wins
Real Madrid's 1960/61 season is judged to be the “best of all time” primarily on points and victories. However, the most points in a season were achieved in both 2011/12 Real Madrid and 2012/13 FC Barcelona (100 points each in 38 games, Ø 2.63). The longest winning streak was also shown by both FC Barcelona (16 games, October 16, 2010 to February 5, 2011) and Real Madrid (16 games, March 2, 2016 to September 18, 2016). The longest without a win, however, was Sporting Gijón (24 games, June 22, 1997 to February 1, 1998). The fewest points in a season managed 1943/44 Celta Vigo (9 points in 26 games, Ø 0.35), 1934/35 Arenas Club Getxo (9 points in 22 games, Ø 0.41) and 1928/29 Racing Santander ( 9 points in 18 games, Ø 0.5).
Title records
Francisco Gento won the most championships with twelve titles. The most successful coach is his long-time coach Miguel Muñoz with a total of 13 titles.
Offensive records
The most successful striker is the Argentine Lionel Messi with 440 goals. Messi also scored the most goals in a season ( 2011/12 , 50 goals in 37 games). Messi and Zarra were the top scorer with six titles, followed by Alfredo Di Stéfano, Quini and Hugo Sánchez with five titles each. The most goals in a game scored Bata (on February 8, 1931 in the 12-1 of Athletic Bilbao against FC Barcelona) and László Kubala (on February 10, 1952 in the 9-0 of FC Barcelona against Sporting Gijón ); both scored seven goals each. Cristiano Ronaldo is the only player to have scored at least 30 goals each for six consecutive seasons. Lionel Messi is the only player to have scored at least 20 goals each for twelve consecutive seasons. Ronaldo converted the most penalties (61).
Defensive records
The most successful goalkeeper in 1955/56 was Antoni Ramallets for FC Barcelona with a rate of 0.82 goals conceded per game. He is the goalkeeper together with Víctor Valdés (official maximum title holder of the Zamora trophy) who has allowed the fewest goals in a season (both 5 times). FC Barcelona are also among the team with the most Zamora trophies (20).
Record players and goal scorers
| Record player | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Player a | Period | Club b | Games | |
| 1 |
Andoni Zubizarreta
|
1981-1998 | FC Barcelona | 622 |
| 2 |
Joaquín
|
2001– | Betis Seville | 551 |
| 3 |
Raúl
|
1994-2010 | real Madrid | 550 |
| 4th |
Eusebio
|
1983-2002 | Real Valladolid | 543 |
| 5 |
Francisco Buyo
|
1976-1997 | real Madrid | 542 |
| 6th |
Manolo Sanchís
|
1983-2001 | real Madrid | 523 |
| 7th |
Iker Casillas
|
1999-2015 | real Madrid | 510 |
| 8th |
Xavi
|
1998-2015 | FC Barcelona | 505 |
| 9 |
Miquel Soler
|
1983-2003 | Real Mallorca | 504 |
| 10 |
Fernando Hierro
|
1986-2003 | real Madrid | 497 |
|
Record scorer |
||||
| Player a | Period | Club c | Gates | |
| 1 |
Lionel Messi
|
2004– | FC Barcelona | 444 (Ø 0.92) |
| 2 |
 Cristiano Ronaldo
|
2009-2018 | real Madrid | 311 (Ø 1.07) |
| 3 |
Zarra
|
1940-1955 | Athletic Bilbao | 251 (Ø 0.90) |
| 4th |
 Hugo Sánchez
|
1981-1994 | real Madrid | 234 (Ø 0.67) |
| 5 |
Raúl
|
1994-2010 | real Madrid | 228 (Ø 0.41) |
| 6th |
Alfredo Di Stéfano
|
1953-1966 | real Madrid | 227 (Ø 0.69) |
| 7th |
César
|
1941-1960 | FC Barcelona | 225 (Ø 0.64) |
| 8th |
Quini
|
1970-1987 | Sporting Gijón | 219 (Ø 0.49) |
| 9 |
Pahiño
|
1943-1956 | real Madrid | 210 (Ø 0.76) |
| 10 |
Mundo
|
1939-1951 | Valencia CF | 195 (Ø 0.84) |
.jpg)
Status: end of season 2020, data source: weltfussball.de
UEFA five-year ranking
Placement in the UEFA five-year ranking ( previous year's ranking in brackets ). The abbreviations CL and EL after the country coefficients indicate the number of representatives in the 2019/20 season of the Champions League and the Europa League .
-
1.
( 1 ) Spain ( league , cup ) - coefficient: 103,569 - CL: 4, EL: 3
-
2.
( 3 ) England ( league , cup , league cup ) - coefficient: 85,462 - CL: 4, EL: 3
-
3. ( 4 ) Italy ( league , cup ) - coefficient: 74,725 - CL: 4, EL: 3
Status: end of the European Cup season 2018/19
See also
- Soccer in Spain
- List of the highest national soccer divisions
- List of Primera División master coaches
- List of top scorer in the Primera División
literature
- Javier Cáceres: Fútbol. Spain's passion. Berlin 2006 (KiWi) ISBN 3-462-03656-4 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ LaLiga y LaLiga2, nombres de las competiciones para la próxima temporada. June 25, 2016, accessed January 22, 2019 .
- ↑ Madrid España: LaLiga y el Banco Santander llegan a un acuerdo de patrocinio por el 'title sponsor' de la competición. July 21, 2016, accessed January 22, 2019 .
- ↑ LaLiga and RELEVENT partner to promote soccer in the US and Canada , laliga.es, accessed on August 16, 2018 (English)
- ↑ - ( Memento of the original from February 28, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. The World Leagues Forum goes public, accessed February 28, 2016.
- ↑ Tax advantages for football clubs - EU takes action against Real Madrid and FC Barcelona , Süddeutsche.de from December 16, 2013, accessed on January 4, 2014
- ↑ Barómetro de junio 2014. (PDF; 228 kB) Pregunta 22a, Podría decirme cuál es el equipo por el que siente Ud. más simpatía. In: cis.es. P. 23 , accessed July 7, 2014 (Spanish).
- ^ Top Professional Sports Leagues by Revenue . In: HowMuch . ( howmuch.net [accessed February 19, 2018]).
- ↑ Study: Bundesliga defies crisis - Croesus Premier League
- ↑ Hacienda reclama 752 millones a los clubes. In: El Mundo . March 13, 2012, Retrieved March 14, 2012 (Spanish).
- ↑ wiwo.de : Football clubs have five billion euros in debt
- ↑ a b c Football Money League 2009 from February 2009 on the Deloitte website (English)
- ↑ TV war over football rights ( Memento of the original from August 21, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , from November 20, 2007 from Spaniens Allgemeine Zeitung
- ↑ laliga.es: LaLiga and Santander strike title sponsorship deal article from July 21, 2016 (English)
- ↑ Sport + Markt Jersey Report 2010/11 ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 294 kB) from October 2010
- ↑ League: 57.5 millones por la publicidad en las camisetas on As of October 19, 2010
- ↑ sportsillustrated.cnn.com: La Liga gets it wrong with clásico
- ↑ sportbusiness.com: ESPN Star Sports promises “improved kick-off times” in new La Liga deal ( Memento of the original from August 27, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ forzafutbol.com: La Liga Week # 1 Kick-off times ( Memento of the original from November 29, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Primera División: Barça defeat makes championship exciting again Spiegel Online on April 9, 2016
- ↑ Ranking Goals Penalty 1ª , accessed on May 20, 2019
- ↑ weltfussball.de: Eternal record players
- ↑ weltfussball.de: Eternal goal scorers
- ↑ UEFA rankings for club competitions. In: UEFA. Retrieved July 14, 2019 .
Albania | Andorra | Armenia | Azerbaijan | Belgium | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Bulgaria | Denmark | Germany | England | Estonia | Faroe Islands | Finland | France | Georgia | Gibraltar | Greece | Ireland | Iceland | Israel | Italy | Kazakhstan | Kosovo | Croatia | Latvia | Lithuania | Luxembourg | Malta | Moldova | Montenegro | Netherlands | Northern Ireland | North Macedonia | Norway | Austria | Poland | Portugal | Romania | Russia | San Marino | Scotland | Sweden | Switzerland (with Liechtenstein ) | Serbia | Slovakia | Slovenia | Spain | Czech Republic | Turkey | Ukraine | Hungary | Wales | Belarus | Cyprus
Non-UEFA members
Greenland |
Northern Cyprus |
Vatican
Former
GDR |
Yugoslavia |
BR Yugoslavia / Serbia & Montenegro |
Saarland |
Soviet Union |
Czechoslovakia
Coordinates: 40 ° 26 '49.7 " N , 3 ° 39' 3.6" W.