COVID-19 pandemic in France

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Number of people hospitalized for COVID-19 by region

France is one of the hardest hit European countries in the global COVID-19 pandemic . The first European illnesses and deaths were reported there in January 2020. The first sources of spread were in Alsace and the Île-de-France region . By mid-April, the disease had spread across the country. France, along with the United Kingdom , Italy and Spain, is one of the most deadly European countries.

course

France is the country where the SARS-CoV-2 virus first appeared in Europe and where the first COVID-19 death occurred outside of Asia.

The first patients in France to have a diagnosis of Covid-19 confirmed and made public were three people who fell ill at the end of January 2020. On February 15, one of them, an 80-year-old tourist from China, died. On the 25th of the same month, two new infections were reported, a Frenchman who had returned from Lombardy and a young Chinese woman who had returned from China in early February. Many of the initial infections are attributed to a four-day meeting of 2,000 supporters of the evangelical free church Église Porte ouverte chrétienne in Mulhouse in mid-February. Another early focus of the disease was in the Oise department near the capital , where 18 of the 57 people registered across the country were living on February 28 and France's third death occurred three days later.

The virus may have been present in France months beforehand. A possible case in the greater Paris area dates from December 27, 2019, when a then 42-year-old was treated for pneumonia in a hospital in the Seine-Saint-Denis department in the north of the capital; A subsequent PCR analysis of the sputum samples that had been frozen in the meantime revealed at the beginning of May 2020, according to a publication by Yves Cohen and colleagues, that the patient had been infected with the corona virus. He had last only made one trip to his home country Algeria in August 2019 and was only in closer contact with his family. His wife was not sick, unlike two of the couple's children. The patient's wife worked with Chinese colleagues in the immediate vicinity of a sushi stand. On May 12, 2020, the German virologist Christian Drosten expressed doubts in the NDR about the conclusions that the researchers had reached in this case and complained about methodological deficiencies. An even earlier possible case comes from Alsace. There, on December 2, 2019, a 57-year-old man with airway inflammation was admitted to the Albert Schweitzer Hospital in Colmar and treated as an inpatient for about a week. A subsequent examination of computed tomography images for symptoms typical of Covid-19 in connection with PCR tests led doctors at the hospital to the conclusion at the beginning of May that the patient, who has since recovered, was sick with Covid-19.

On March 9, 2020 there were 1116 confirmed infected people in France, 19 of them had already died. By April 2, the number of confirmed infections increased to 59,105. Until April 2, the number of deaths was only reported daily for those who died in hospitals. It was only since April 3 that the officially announced figures also include those who died in old people's and nursing homes and other social and medical-social institutions ( Établissements sociaux et médico-sociaux , ESMS). On April 2, for the first time since the epidemic began, a number of people who had died of Covid-19 in ESMS was published. Until April, the number of weekly fatalities rose steadily, peaking in calendar week 15 (April 6-12) with 6315 confirmed Covid-19 deaths registered that week; as a result, this figure fell steadily again. On May 24, official statistics showed 144,921 cases of infection since the beginning of the epidemic, including 28,367 deaths. Of these, 18,022 had died in hospitals and 10,345 in ESMS. Overall, around half of the dead (14,061 people) were residents.

However, these figures do not include all ESMS. Likewise, Covid-19 deaths who died in their own apartment are not included. Medical representatives estimated at the beginning of May that the deaths from a third of all ESMS were still not included in the officially published figures. They estimated the number of people who died of Covid-19 in their own homes at 8,000 to 10,000. For the period from March 1 to April 20, 2020, an excess mortality rate of over 40% was found for some departments, including the greater Paris area and Alsace . An outdated reporting system was held responsible for the poorly functioning recording and analysis . In 2020, 4 out of 5 death certificates were still issued on paper (which delayed central recording), although this has been possible electronically across the country since 2007.

activities

February 2020

French Health Minister Olivier Véran reported in February 2020 that France remained on high alert. The number of laboratories that can detect infections has multiplied. His goal was to expand the capacity from the current 400 tests per day to several thousand tests per day. Véran called on the population to temporarily refrain from kissing the cheek as a greeting.

March 2020

On March 1, the Louvre remained closed for a day after employees stopped work due to concerns about the risk of infection. In Paris' school districts, parents have been instructed to keep their child at home for two weeks if they have recently been in China, Hong Kong, Macau, Singapore, Korea, Lombardy or Veneto. Children in crèches should also stay at home under these circumstances. On March 4, pharmacies were instructed to sell respiratory masks only by prescription, then a reserve of 10 million respiratory masks began to be distributed to pharmacies across the country.

Education Minister Jean-Michel Blanquer recommended on March 5, 2020 the virtual classroom operated by the national distance learning school Center national de l'Enseigenement à distance (CNED) . German media emphasized that - in contrast to Germany, for example - the teaching program in France is identical across the country, so that distance learning can prepare students for the central Abitur in France. On March 6, the French government set a maximum price for disinfectants in a decree.

After Véran announced on March 8th that public meetings with more than 1,000 participants would no longer be permitted nationwide, a number of major sporting events, including the two final meetings of the Tournoi de France , were only allowed to be held without spectators. On March 11, visits to old people's and nursing homes, including by the residents' immediate relatives, such as their spouses or children, were forbidden. On March 12th, the French government announced that schools, daycare centers and universities will be closed from March 16th until further notice. On March 14th, many cultural institutions announced their closure. These are mainly Parisian institutions such as the Louvre , the Center Georges Pompidou , the Eiffel Tower , the Musée d'Orsay or the Château de Versailles , but also institutions in the provinces such as the Château de Montsoreau - Musée d'Art Contemporain or the MUCEM in Marseille .

On March 14, the closure of all publicly accessible facilities (e.g. - with exceptions - shops, restaurants, cinemas) was ordered. On March 16, French President Macron ordered a nationwide, partial curfew ( confinement ), which came into force on March 17. Evidence of the need to leave the house must be provided by a certificate issued by the employer or a self-declaration. It was also announced that the ban on visits to residents of old people's homes, which had been issued a week earlier, will also be extended to prison inmates from March 18.

On March 25, 20 intensive care patients were brought from the Grand Est to other parts of the country in a converted TGV for the first time . As a result, patients were repeatedly transferred from the most severely affected areas of Grand Est and Île-de-France to other regions and neighboring European countries because the intensive care units had reached their capacity limit.

April 2020

On April 13, 2020, President Macron announced that the curfew would be extended to May 11, after which schools and shops would be gradually reopened. Restaurants and hotels should remain closed even after this date. The elderly and the chronically ill should also stay at home. In mid-April 2020 it was announced that around 1080 crew members of the French aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle and its escort ships had tested positive. All 2300 crew members were tested, the soldiers in Toulon and the surrounding area were isolated for 14 days; the ship last made a stopover in Brest from March 13 to 16.

On April 17th, the Prefect of the Morbihan Department in Brittany, Patrice Faure, banned the sale of alcoholic beverages, with the exception of beer, wine and cider, until May 11th. He justified this with the aim of curbing domestic violence. The prefecture of the Aisne department in northern France announced a similar measure on March 24, but withdrew it on the same day. In order to cushion the economic consequences of the epidemic for workers and employees, the government drastically expanded the possibilities of short-time working, which was previously little widespread in France, from March 2020 onwards. On April 22nd, Labor Minister Muriel Pénicaud announced that more than 10 million workers were on short-time work and that 60% of French companies were using the instrument. In the hotel industry 90% of employees are on short-time work, in the construction industry 93%, i.e. H. 1.2 million people. On March 15, 2020, the total number of short-time workers in France was less than 106,000.

France had failed to implement a key WHO recommendation by mid-April; H. conduct tests on a large scale. According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), by April 15, 2020, only 5.1 out of 1,000 residents in France had been tested, almost three times fewer than the average for the OECD member states, and fewer than, for example, in Turkey (5.3) and significantly less than in the USA (9.3) and Germany (17). According to media reports, a central problem was the non-use of existing capacities in state laboratories. At the end of March and the beginning of April it became known that from March 15 the veterinary laboratories in the departments, which could have carried out around 100,000 tests per week nationwide, had offered their services to the regional health authorities ( Agences régionales de santé , ARS). However, due to slow processing and administrative hurdles, these resources could only gradually be used for tests on human samples from April 5th. Similar difficulties existed in harnessing laboratory capacity in research institutions. As of March 22, the large, nationwide research institutions CNRS , Inserm , INRAE , CEA and Inria had identified around 50 subordinate laboratories that had suitable testing capacities. However, on April 21, fewer than five of them were actually entrusted with Covid-19 early detection. Laboratory scientists complained of bureaucratic difficulties they had never experienced before and their employers' ban on expressing criticism of the government's crisis management. Association representatives of the country's commercially active medical-biological laboratories for clinical tests also criticized the fact that the authorities prevented them from carrying out tests for several weeks from March onwards, because the politically responsible wanted them to be carried out exclusively by hospitals. Among other things, the reimbursement of costs had been refused. It was only through legal steps on the part of the private laboratories that they were put in a position to take action.

On April 30, the French football league association LFP prematurely canceled the current Ligue 1 season . Paris Saint-Germain were declared champions ten game days before the end of the season. The league reacted to the ban on politics to host sporting and major events.

May 2020

On May 2, the government decided to extend the health emergency until July 24. At the same time, she announced a 14-day quarantine for returnees from abroad (but not for those from other EU countries, the Schengen area or Great Britain). The draft law was passed by the Council of Ministers and comes into force despite the Senate's formal rejection of the concept presented by the government for the relaxation of exit restrictions (déconfinement) (as of May 5, 2020). On May 5, it was announced that the French government had taken a website called Désinfox Coronavirus offline, which it had been offering since the beginning of April, following criticism from media representatives . On the website, the government's communications service ( Service d'information du gouvernement, SIG) had presented and linked a selection of press websites and articles which, in their opinion, were “fighting fake news in the context of the health crisis”. The media that have received such awards from the government have been France Info , Liberation , 20 minutes , Le Monde and Agence France-Presse . Several leading representatives of the selected media protested against the government's actions and criticized the government as an arbitrator for journalistic offers.

From May 11, the quarantine regulations were gradually relaxed; On June 2, public life was largely reopened.

June 2020

On June 2nd, a contact tracking app called StopCovid or StopCovid France was released.

August 2020

Paris (Département 75) and the Département Bouches-du-Rhône , in which the city of Marseille is located, are again considered zones in which COVID-19 is actively circulating due to a decree of August 14, 2020 due to the increased number of new corona infections. The responsible authorities can now restrict public life there.

On the same day, France announced that it would respond to the British quarantine requirement for travelers from France and introduce an equivalent measure for travelers from the UK. They regret the British decision and hope for a return to normality soon. Travelers from France and the Netherlands will have to go into a two-week self-isolation again after arriving in the UK from August 15, 2020.

On August 28, 2020, the French Ministry of Health reported 7379 new infections within 24 hours. In the last week of August, over 900,000 tests were carried out in France; 3.9 percent of them were positive. The French government has declared 21 of a total of 101 départements to be risk areas ("zone rouge"). Most of these departments are on the Mediterranean coast or in the Paris metropolitan area .

statistics

Evolution of the epidemic

Confirmed infections (cumulative) in France
according to
SpF data

For the first time, the data from May 6 takes into account the results of an additional laboratory that was not previously recorded. Of the 4183 cases that were newly reported compared to the previous day, 939 come from the laboratories already recorded, the 3244 others come from the laboratory that was not taken into account until then and contain late reports since March 16, 2020.

New infections (weekly) in France
according to
SpF data

The data for the 19th calendar week do not take into account the results of an additional laboratory that was not previously recorded and which are included in the cumulative data.

Confirmed deaths (cumulative) in France

According to data from SpF - only deaths in hospitals were reported up to April 2, and
since April 3 also in old people's homes and other social institutions

  • The April 3 data includes late registrations from retirement homes and other social institutions.
  • The data from May 19 include a downward correction of the death rate from retirement homes after quality control has been carried out.

Confirmed deaths (weekly) in France,
according to
SpF data

The dates for the 14th calendar week include late registrations from retirement homes and other social institutions.

Overseas territories

The French overseas territories were not spared from the pandemic either. There were 84 illnesses and one death related to COVID-19 in Guadeloupe as of March 26, 2020. On March 5, 2020 there was the first COVID-19 disease in Martinique . The first virus-related death was reported there on March 15 and there were already 15 infected people in Martinique. A resident of the island of Saint-Barthélemy was diagnosed with COVID-19 on March 1, 2020. His parents on the French part of the neighboring island of St. Martin also tested positive.

In French Guiana , five cases of COVID-19 had been confirmed as of March 4, 2020, all in Saint-Laurent du Maroni. The first death was reported on April 20, 2020.

On March 11, 2020, the first Covid-19 case was registered on Réunion ; it was an 80-year-old who had recently returned from a trip to the United States via Paris. On March 18, 2020, the number of cases rose to 14. By April 23, 2020, a total of 412 COVID-19 cases were registered. Mayotte reached the coronavirus pandemic on March 10, 2020 with the first confirmed illness. On March 31st, the first person died of COVID-19 in Mayotte.

The first case of COVID-19 in French Polynesia was diagnosed on March 11, 2020 in the case of Maina Sage , a politician who represents the overseas territory in the French National Assembly. There were two cases of COVID-19 in New Caledonia on March 19, 2020.

Economic impact of the pandemic in France

Within a month, 800,000 people became unemployed during the pandemic.

International reactions

On March 11, 2020, the Grand Est region was classified as a risk area by the German Robert Koch Institute . The particularly affected French region includes Alsace , Lorraine , Champagne and the Ardennes .

On March 21, 2020, Baden-Württemberg announced that the university clinics in Freiburg, Mannheim, Heidelberg and Ulm are accepting respiratory patients from Alsace. As a result, the University Clinic in Homburg (Saarland) and the Kandel location of the Asklepios Südpfalzkliniken (Rhineland-Palatinate) also accepted ventilation patients from France. The three neighboring Swiss cantons also took in two seriously ill patients from Alsace each. The neighboring country of Luxembourg accepted seven patients. On March 28, 29 and 31, 2020, two patients were transported with an NH90 helicopter from the Aviation légère de l'armée de Terre from Metz to the Essen University Hospital . On March 29, 2020, a military aircraft of the Luftwaffe flew two Covid-19 patients from Strasbourg Airport to Stuttgart , from where they were taken to the Bundeswehr hospital in Ulm . On March 31, 2020, a military aircraft of the Armée de l'Air brought six corona patients from Upper Alsace from Basel-Mulhouse Airport to Hamburg . From there they were transported to Schleswig-Holstein, where they were distributed to the UKSH locations in Lübeck and Kiel for treatment . On April 1, 2020, three French intensive care patients were transferred from Alsace to the Salzburg University Clinics .

See also

Web links

Commons : COVID-19 pandemic in France  - Images, videos and audio files collection

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