Lacaune
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Lacaune La Cauna |
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| region | Occitania | |
| Department | Camouflage | |
| Arrondissement | Castres | |
| Canton | Les Hautes Terres d'Oc (main town) | |
| Community association | Monts de Lacaune and Montagne du Haut Languedoc | |
| Coordinates | 43 ° 43 ' N , 2 ° 42' E | |
| height | 598–1,274 m | |
| surface | 91.36 km 2 | |
| Residents | 2,492 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 27 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 81230 | |
| INSEE code | 81124 | |
| Website | Lacaune | |
 Lacaune - Place du Griffoul with the Fontaine des Pisseurs |
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Lacaune , sometimes also Lacaune-les-Bains , ( Occitan : La Cauna ) is a southern French municipality with 2,492 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2017) in the Tarn department in the Occitania region . The municipality is part of the Haut-Languedoc Regional Nature Park .
location
The approx. 800 meters above sea level. d. The small town of Lacaune is located on the northern edge of the mountains of the Monts de Lacaune, some of which are over 1000 meters high, and is a good 120 kilometers (driving distance) to the east from Toulouse and about 67 kilometers to the south-east from Albi .
Population development
| year | 1800 | 1851 | 1901 | 1954 | 1975 | 1999 | 2012 |
| Residents | 2,488 | 4,088 | 3,565 | 2,742 | 3,288 | 2,914 | 2,552 |
In the 19th century, Lacaune had an almost constant population of between 2,500 and 4,000. The phylloxera crisis in viticulture and the increasing mechanization of agriculture led to an almost continuous decline in the population in the 20th century - today it is again in the lower range of the population ever counted in the municipality.
economy
The production of cured meat, sausage and ham has been an important industry in Lacaune for centuries. The dairy industry with the sheep's milk from Lacaune sheep also plays an important role: the milk is the basis of the Roquefort cheese . The particularly fine leather of this breed of sheep was used to manufacture gloves . The wines produced in the region around Lacaune be the appellation Comté Tolosan marketed.
history
As the numerous statue menhirs suggest, the area around Lacaune was probably already in the 2nd millennium BC. Settled. Sometime in the 1st millennium BC BC the Celtic people of the tectos also came to the Lacaune area. The historical tradition from the Middle Ages and the early modern period is extremely sparse.
During the Second World War 119 Jews were deported from Lacaune: in August 1942 90 people were transported to Auschwitz , in February 1943 another 29 people were sent to Majdanek . A memorial erected in 1999 commemorates this.
Attractions
- The large lower basin of the Renaissance fountain Fontaine des Pisseurs ("Pisserbrunnen") built in the 16th century also served as a cattle trough; if the pollution was too high, people could climb onto the edge of the twelve-sided basin and draw fresh water from the upper well bowl; later a more easily accessible branch pipe was laid from there. The four Pisserfiguren are all from a model of bronze cast. The fountain was added to the list of Monuments historiques in 1913 .
- Notre-Dame Church was built in the 17th century on the site of an 11th century chapel. The imposing bell tower rises above the portal on the south side of the church building.
- The Protestant church ( temple ) was built according to the Concordat of 1804.
- The woolen mill of Filature Ramond was built in 1842 and was until the 20th century in operation. The spinning machines are still there and in good condition. The industrial monument was recognized as a monument historique in 1994 .
- The vaulted local wash house ( lavoir ) with its white-plastered basin, built entirely from rubble stones in the 19th century, was fed with water from a spring. It has been prepared as a small open-air museum.
- Similar scenes from everyday life can be seen in the Musée du vieux Lacaune on Place du Griffoul .
- The Château de Calmels , built in Renaissance style in the 16th century, stands on the outskirts and was an imposing domicile of a wealthy family. The three-storey building also has a round stair tower reminiscent of a medieval castle and also has a raised attic with porthole windows . It has been recognized as a monument historique since 1927 .
- The so-called Tour de Calmels from the middle of the 19th century rises on the nearby fields . It is a barn with a circumference of 77 meters for dry and separate storage of grain, straw and hay with an imposing roof truss that rests on a central support. While the individual segments inside could be reached via the large round arched portals, the wreath of windows under the eaves was primarily used for ventilation purposes. The unusual building has been recognized as a Monument historique since 2007 .
- The Peyro Lebado or Pierre Plantée ('erect stone'), located about two kilometers east of the town not far from the D622, is the largest statue menhir in Europe with a height of about 3.50 meters and 4.50 meters in absolute height ; in the region of Lacaune and in the northeast bordering region of the Rouergue there is the largest collection of such menhirs in Europe. They can be explored on a 40-kilometer circular route. The dating of these stones is controversial in research; a connection to the usual menhirs of the megalithic cultures is also questionable. The stone was already classified as a monument historique in 1883 . (Note: A small collection of statue menhirs can be found in the Musée Fenaille in Rodez ).
Notre-Dame church
Wash house ( lavoir )
Peyro Lebado
Memorial to the deportation of Jews
Parish partnership
Lacaune has been in partnership with the Italian municipality of Tizzano Val Parma in Emilia-Romagna since May 2009 .
Personalities
Victor von Aveyron , 'the savage of Aveyron' (around 1788–1828), was first discovered in 1797 by hunters in the Lacaune area. His story was the inspiration for the film The Wild Child of François Truffaut .
Web links
- Lacaune, Viticulture - Info (French)
- Lacaune, history and sights - photos + info (French)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Fontaine, Lacaune in the Base Mérimée of the French Ministry of Culture (French)
- ↑ Filature Ramond, Lacaune in the Base Mérimée of the French Ministry of Culture (French)
- ↑ Château de Calmels, Lacaune in the Base Mérimée of the French Ministry of Culture (French)
- ↑ Tour de Calmels, Lacaune in the Base Mérimée of the French Ministry of Culture (French)
- ^ Peyro Lebado, Lacaune in the Base Mérimée of the French Ministry of Culture (French)