List of heads of state 1459

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Overview
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Africa

Egypt ( Burjiyya dynasty )
- Sultan : al-Ashraf Sayf ad-Din Inal (1453–1461)

Algeria ( Abdalwadiden )
- Sultan : Abul-Abbas Ahmad I al-Aqil (1430–1462)

Ethiopia
- Emperor (Negus Negest) : Constantine I (1434–1468)

Ifriqiya (East Algeria, Tunisia) ( Hafsiden )
- Caliph : Abu Umar Uthman (1435–1487)

Jolof (in what is now Senegal )
- Buur-ba Jolof : N'Dyelen Mbey Leeyti (1450-1465)

Kanem Bornu ( Sefuwa Dynasty )
- King / May: Othman IV. (1454-1459)
- King / May: Omar II (1459-1460)

Kano
- King: Yaqub (1452–1463)

Morocco ( Merinids )
- Sultan : Abdalhaqq II. (1420-1465)

America

Aztec Empire
- Tlatoani : Moctezuma I (1440-1469)

Inca Empire
- Inca : Pachacútec Yupanqui (1438–1471)

Asia

Ak Koyunlu
- Ruler : Uzun Hasan (1453–1478)

China ( Ming Dynasty )
- Emperor : Tianshun (1457–1464)

Japan
- Emperor : Go-Hanazono (1428–1464)
- Shogun Ashikaga : Ashikaga Yoshimasa (1449-1473)

Korea ( Joseon Dynasty )
- King : Sejo (1455–1468)

Persia
- Sultan ( Timurid dynasty): Abu Said (1451–1469)

Qara Qoyunlu (Empire of the Black Mutton)
- Ruler: Jahan Shah (1435–1467)

Siam ( Thailand )
- King : Boromtrailokanat (1448–1463)

Trebizond
- Emperor : David Komnenos (1458–1462)

Europe

Albania ( League of Lezha )
- King : Skanderbeg (1444–1468)

Andorra
- Co-princes :
  - Count of Foix : Gaston IV. (1436–1472)
  - Bishop of Urgell : Arnau Roger de Pallars (1437–1461)

Denmark
- King : Christian I (1448–1481)

Teutonic Order State
- Grand Master : Ludwig von Erlichshausen (1450–1467)

England
- King : Henry VI. (1422-1461) (1470-1471)

France
- King : Charles VII, the Victorious (1422–1461)

Holy Roman Empire
- King : Friedrich III. (1440–1493) (from 1452 emperor )
- Electorates
  - Archbishopric of Cologne
    - Archbishop : Dietrich II. Von Moers (1414–1463)
  - Archbishopric Mainz
    - Archbishop : Dietrich Schenk von Erbach (1434–1459)
    - Archbishop: Diether von Isenburg (1459–1461) (1475–1482)
  - Archbishopric Trier
    - Archbishop : Johann II of Baden (1456–1503)
  - Bohemia
    - King : Georg von Podiebrad (1458–1471)
  - Brandenburg
    - Margrave : Friedrich II. Eisenzahn (1440–1471)
  - Electoral Palatinate
    - Count Palatine : Frederick I the Victorious (1451–1476)
  - Saxony
    - Elector : Frederick II the Meek (1428–1464)
- spiritual principalities
  - Hochstift Augsburg
    - Bishop : Peter von Schaumberg (1424–1469)
  - Bamberg Monastery
    - Bishop : Anton von Rotenhan (1431–1459)
    - Bishop: Georg I von Schaumberg (1459–1475)
  - Hochstift Basel
    - Bishop : Johann V. von Venningen (1458–1478)
  - Brandenburg Monastery
    - Bishop : Stephan Bodecker (1421–1459)
    - Bishop: Dietrich IV. (1459–1472)
  - Archbishopric Bremen
    - Archbishop : Gerhard III. von der Hoye (1441–1463)
  - Brixen monastery
    - Bishop : Nikolaus von Kues (1450–1464)
  - Hochstift Cammin
    - Bishop : Henning Iven (1446–1468)
  - Chiemsee Abbey
    - Bishop : Ulrich von Plankenfels (1453–1467)
  - Chur Monastery
    - Bishop : Ortlieb von Brandis (1458–1491)
  - Eichstätt Monastery
    - Bishop : Johann III. von Eych (1445–1464)
  - Hochstift Freising
    - Bishop : Johann IV. Tulbeck (1453–1473)
  - Geneva Monastery
    - Sedis vacancy (1458–1460)
  - Hochstift Gurk
    - Bishop : Ulrich III. Sonnenberger (1453–1469)
  - Halberstadt Monastery
    - Bishop : Gebhard von Hoym (1458–1479)
  - Hochstift Havelberg
    - Bishop : Konrad von Lintorff (1427–1460)
  - Hildesheim Monastery
    - Bishop : Ernst I. von Schauenburg (1458–1471)
  - Constance monastery
    - Bishop : Heinrich IV. Von Hewen (1436–1462) (1441–1456 administrator of Chur)
  - Lausanne bishopric
    - Bishop : George of Saluzzo (1440–1461)
  - Lavant Monastery
    - Bishop : Theobald Schweinpeck (1446–1462)
  - Lübeck bishopric
    - Bishop : Arnold Westphal (1450–1466)
  - Liège Monastery
    - Bishop : Louis of Bourbon (1456–1482)
  - Archbishopric Magdeburg
    - Archbishop : Friedrich III. of Beichlingen (1445–1464)
  - Meissen Abbey
    - Bishop : Caspar von Schönberg (1451–1463)
  - Merseburg Monastery
    - Bishop : Johann II. Bose von Ammendorf and Ermlitz (1431–1463)
  - Metz bishopric
    - Bishop : Conrad II. Bayer von Boppard (1415–1459)
    - Bishop: Georg von Baden (1459–1484)
  - Hochstift Minden
    - Bishop : Albrecht von Hoya (1436–1473)
  - Monastery of Münster
    - Bishop : Johann von Pfalz-Simmern (1457–1466)
  - Naumburg Monastery
    - Bishop : Peter von Schleinitz (1434 / 35–1463)
  - Osnabrück Monastery
    - Bishop : Conrad III. von Diepholz (1455–1482)
  - Paderborn Monastery
    - Administrator : Dietrich III. von Moers (1415–1463)
  - Passau bishopric
    - Bishop : Ulrich von Nussdorf (1451–1479)
  - Ratzeburg Monastery
    - Bishop : Johann III. von Preen (1454–1461)
  - Regensburg Monastery
    - Bishop : Ruprecht I of the Palatinate-Mosbach (1457–1465)
  - Archbishopric Salzburg
    - Archbishop : Sigismund I von Volkersdorf (1452–1461)
  - Schwerin Monastery
    - Bishop : Werner Wolmers (1458–1473)
  - Seckau monastery
    - Bishop : Georg II. Überacker (1452–1477)
  - Hochstift Sitten
    - Bishop : Walther II. Supersaxo von der Fluhe (1457–1482)
  - Speyer Monastery
    - Bishop : Siegfried III. von Venningen (1456–1459)
    - Bishop: Johannes II. Nix von Hoheneck (1459–1464)
  - Strasbourg Monastery
    - Bishop : Ruprecht von Pfalz-Simmern (1440–1478)
  - Toul Monastery
    - Bishop : Guillaume Fillastre the Younger (1449–1460)
  - Hochstift Trento
    - Bishop : Georg II. Haak von Themeswald (1446–1465)
  - Utrecht Monastery
    - Bishop : David of Burgundy (1456–1496)
  - Verden Monastery
    - Bishop : John III. von Asel (1426–1470)
  - Verdun Monastery
    - Bishop : Guillaume de Haraucourt (1457–1500)
  - Hochstift Worms
    - Bishop : Reinhard I. von Sickingen (1445–1482)
  - Würzburg Monastery
    - Bishop : Johann III. von Grumbach (1455–1466)
- secular principalities
  - to bathe
    - Margrave : Charles I (1453–1475)
  - Bavaria
    - Bavaria-Landshut
      - Duke : Louis IX. the rich (1450–1479)
    - Bayern Munich
      - Duke : Albrecht III. the pious (1438–1460)
  - Duchy of Brunswick-Lueneburg
    - Braunschweig-Calenberg
      - Duke: Wilhelm I (1432–1473)
    - Braunschweig-Göttingen
      - Duke : Otto II (1394–1463)
    - Braunschweig-Grubenhagen
      - Duke: Heinrich III. (1427–1464) (until 1437 under guardianship)
      - Duke: Albrecht II. (1427–1485) (until 1440 under guardianship)
      - Duke: Ernst (1427–1464) (until 1440 under guardianship)
    - Braunschweig-Lüneburg
      - Duke : Bernhard II. (1457–1464)
    - Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel
      - Duke : Heinrich II. (1428–1473)
  - Hesse
    - Niederhessen
      - Landgrave: Ludwig II. (1458–1471)
    - Upper Hesse
      - Landgrave: Heinrich III. (1458–1483)
  - Jülich-Berg-Ravensberg
    - Duke : Gerhard (1437–1475)
  - Kleve
    - Duke : Johann I (1448–1481)
  - Mecklenburg
    - Mecklenburg-Schwerin
      - Duke : Henry IV (1422–1477)
      - Duke: Johann VI. (1422–1474)
    - Mecklenburg-Stargard
      - Duke: Heinrich (1417–1466)
  - Ortenburg
    - Count : Alram II (1444-1460)
  - Württemberg
    - Stuttgart
      - Count : Ulrich V the much-loved (1419 / 42–1480)
    - Urach
      - Count : Eberhard V. (1457–1482 / 96) (from 1495 Duke)

Italian states
- Estonian
  - Margrave : Bertoldo II. D'Este (1448–1463)
- Ferrara, Modena and Reggio
  - Duke : Borso d'Este (1450–1471) (until 1452 lord)
- Florence (nominally republic)
  - Signor : Cosimo de 'Medici (1434–1464) (de facto ruler)
- Genoa
  - (occupied by France) (1458–1461)
- Papal States
  - Pope : Pius II (1458–1464)
- Milan
  - Duke : Francesco I. Sforza (1450–1466)
- Mantua
  - Margrave : Luigi III. Gonzaga (1444-1478)
- Montferrat
  - Margrave : Johann IV. (1445–1464)
- Naples
  - King : Ferrante (1458–1494)
- Rimini
  - Lord : Sigismondo Malatesta (1432–1468)
- Saluzzo
  - Margrave : Ludwig I (1416–1475)
- San Marino
  - Capitano Reggente: Menghino di Francesco Calcigni (1458–1459)
  - Capitano Reggente: Andrea di Cecco (1458–1459)
  - Capitano Reggente: Bartolo di Michele Pasini (1458-1459)
  - Capitano Reggente: Bianco di Antonio (1459)
  - Capitano Reggente: Bartolo di Antonio (1459)
  - Capitano Reggente: Giacomo d'Antonio Sammaritani (1459-1460)
  - Capitano Reggente: Polinoro di Antonio Lunardino (1459–1460)
- Savoy
  - Duke : Ludwig (1434 / 39–1465) (regent until 1439)
- Sicily (1412–1713 to Aragon or Spain )
  - King : John II (1458–1479)
    - Viceroy : Lope Ximénez de Urrea (1443–1459) (1465–1475)
    - Viceroy: Juan de Moncayo (1459–1463)
- Urbino
  - Duke : Federico da Montefeltro (1444–1482)
- Venice
  - Doge : Pasquale Malipiero (1457–1462)

Moldova
- Prince : Ștefan cel Mare (1457–1504)

Monaco
- Seigneur : Lambert (1457-1494)

Norway
- King : Christian I (1450–1481)

Ottoman Empire
- Sultan : Mehmet II (1451-1481)

Poland
- King : John I (1447–1492)

Portugal
- King : Alfonso V (1438–1481)

Russia
- Grand Duke : Vasily II (1425–1462)

Scotland
- King : Jacob II (1437-1460)

Sweden
- King : Christian I (1457–1464)

Spanish states
- Aragon
  - King : John II (1458–1479) (1425–1479 King of Navarre)
- Granada
  - Emir : Said (1454–1462, 1462–1464 )
- Castile
  - King : Henry IV (1454–1474)
- Navarre
  - King : John II (1425–1479) (1458–1479 King of Aragón and Sicily)

Hungary
- King : Matthias Corvinus (1458–1490)

Wallachia
- Prince : Vlad III. Drăculea (1448) (1456–1462) (1476)

Zeta
- Prince : Stefan I. Crnojević (1427–1465)

Cyprus
- Queen : Charlotte (1458–1460 / 63)