1st Guard Division (German Empire)

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1st Guard Division

active September 5, 1818 to April 30, 1919
Country Kingdom of Prussia
Armed forces Prussian Army
Type Infantry division
structure See: Outline
Commanders
Please refer: List of commanders
1st Guards Regiment on Foot (painting by Carl Röchling , 1894)

The 1st Guard Division , also known as the 1st Guard Infantry Division for the duration of the mobile relationship , was a large unit of the Prussian Army .

history

The division emerged from the Reserve Brigade of the II Army Corps formed during the Wars of Liberation on June 19, 1813. The actual founding date is September 5, 1818. The command was in Berlin until 1837 , then in Potsdam until 1864 and then back in Berlin until it was dissolved in 1919. She was part of the Guard Corps .

structure

Peace structure 1914

Organization of war during mobilization in 1914

  • 1st Guard Infantry Brigade
    • 1st Guards Regiment on foot
    • 3rd Guards Regiment on foot
    • Guard Hunter Battalion
  • 2nd Guard Infantry Brigade
    • 2nd Guards Regiment on foot
    • 4th Guards Regiment on foot
  • Life Guard Hussar Regiment
  • 1st Guard Field Artillery Brigade
    • 1st Guard Field Artillery Regiment
    • 3rd Guards Field Artillery Regiment
  • 1st Company / Guard Engineer Battalion

Division of War of May 3, 1918

  • 1st Guard Infantry Brigade
    • 1st Guards Regiment on foot
    • 2nd Guards Regiment on foot
    • 4th Guards Regiment on foot
    • Machine gun sniper division No. 8
    • 3rd squadron / bodyguard hussar regiment
  • Guard Artillery Commander No. 1
    • 1st Guard Field Artillery Regiment
    • 1st Battalion / Guards Foot Artillery Regiment
  • Guard Engineer Battalion
  • Guard Division News Commander No. 1

Battle calendar

1914

1915

1916

  • until July 24th - trench warfare at Roye-Noyon
    • January 21st to February 17th - Fights of Frize
  • July 24th to September 7th - Battle of the Somme
  • September 11th to November 1st - Trench warfare at Roye-Noyon
  • 0November 5th to 26th - Battle of the Somme
  • from November 27th - trench warfare on the Somme

1917

  • until February 11th - trench warfare on the Somme
  • April 16 to May 18 - double battle on the Aisne and in Champagne
  • May 19 to June 27 - Trench warfare in the Argonne
    • May 28th to June 25th - Trench warfare near Reims
  • June 27 to July 5 - OHL reserves and transport to the Eastern Front
  • 0July 7th to 18th - trench warfare east of Zloczow
  • July 19-28 - breakthrough battle in eastern Galicia
    • July 19 - breakthrough at Harbuzow-Zwyzyn
    • July 20th - fighting at Zalozce-Bialoglowy
    • July 21 - breakthrough at Vorobijowka-Hladki
    • July 24-25 - Tarnopol
  • July 29th to August 14th - Trench warfare on the Sereth
  • August 14th to September 1st - Reserve of the OHL and the 8th Army
  • 0September 1-5 - Battle of Riga
    • September 2nd - Fights on the Kleiner Jägel
    • September 2nd - Crossing over the Kleiner Jägel at Draggun
    • September 3rd - Fights at the Großer Jägel
    • September 4 - Pursuit skirmishes in the direction of the Riga- Wenden road
  • 0September 6th to October 9th - trench warfare north of the Daugava
  • 0October 9th to 11th - evacuated to the western front
  • from October 17th - trench warfare near Reims

1918

  • until January 25th - trench warfare near Reims
  • January 26th to March 14th - OHL reserves in the area of ​​the 1st Army
  • March 14-20 - resting time behind the 18th Army
  • March 21 to April 6 - Great battle in France
  • 0April 7th to May 1st - fighting on the Avre, Montdidier and Noyon
  • 0May 1st to 26th - trench warfare north of the Ailette
  • May 27th to June 13th - Battle of Soissons and Reims
    • May 27th - Storming the heights of the Chemin des Dames
    • May 28th to June 1st - chase battles between Oise and Aisne and over the Vesle to the Marne
    • May 30th to June 13th - Assault fighting west and southwest of Soissons
  • June 14th to July 4th - trench warfare between Oise, Aisne and Marne
  • 0July 5th to 14th - Trench warfare between Aisne and Marne
  • July 15-17 - Assault battle on the Marne and Champagne
  • July 18-25 - Defensive battle between Soissons and Reims
  • July 26th to August 3rd - Mobile defensive battle between Marne and Vesle
  • August 17th to September 4th - Defensive battle between Oise and Aisne
  • 0September 5th to 8th - fighting before the Siegfriedstellung
  • September 16-25 - Trench warfare in the Argonne
  • September 26th to November 11th - defensive battle in Champagne and on the Meuse
    • October 10-12 - Fighting on the Hunding and Brunhild fronts
    • October 13-17 - Fights on the Aisne and Aire
    • October 18-23 - Battle of Vouziers
    • October 24th to 31st - Fights on the Aisne and Aire
    • November 1st to 4th - Fights between Aisne and Meuse
    • November 5th to 11th - fighting in retreat in front of the Antwerp-Maas position
  • November 11th - Armistice on the Western Front
  • from November 12th - start of evacuation of the occupied territory and march back home

Commanders

Rank Surname date
Colonel Ernst Ludwig von Tippelskirch June 19 to August 8, 1813
Vacant 0August 9, 1813 to September 4, 1816
Major general Johann Friedrich Karl II of Alvensleben 0September 5, 1816 to April 30, 1820
Major General / Lieutenant General Wilhelm of Prussia 0May 1, 1820 to March 29, 1838
Major General / Lieutenant General Eugen Maximilian von Roeder March 30, 1838 to February 28, 1843
Major General / Lieutenant General Karl von Prittwitz 0March 1, 1843 to December 3, 1849
Lieutenant General Johann Carl von Möllendorff 0December 4, 1849 to February 18, 1857
Lieutenant General Friedrich Karl Nikolaus of Prussia February 19 to September 18, 1857
Major General / Lieutenant General Adolf von Bonin September 19, 1857 to June 13, 1859
Lieutenant General Friedrich Wilhelm of Prussia June 14, 1859 to December 18, 1863
Major general Julius von Loewenfeld December 19, 1863 to May 17, 1864 (substitute)
Lieutenant General Otto von der Mülbe May 18, 1864 to October 10, 1865
Lieutenant General Wilhelm Hiller von Gärtringen 0January 4 to July 3, 1866
Major General / Lieutenant General Constantin von Alvensleben 0July 3, 1866 to July 17, 1870
Lieutenant General Alexander von Pape July 18, 1870 to February 7, 1880
Lieutenant General Ewald von Kleist 0February 8, 1880 to May 31, 1885
Lieutenant General Sigismund von Schlichting 0June 1, 1885 to August 9, 1888
Lieutenant General Ludwig von Sobbe August 10, 1888 to November 3, 1890
Lieutenant General Albert von Holleben 0November 4, 1890 to April 17, 1893
Lieutenant General Hermann Blecken from Schmeling April 18, 1893 to August 17, 1894
Lieutenant General Richard Karl von Klitzing August 18, 1894 to August 31, 1897
Lieutenant General Ernst von Bülow 0September 1, 1897 to January 26, 1900
Lieutenant General Gustav von Kessel January 27, 1900 to January 26, 1902
Lieutenant General Helmuth von Moltke January 27, 1902 to February 15, 1904
Lieutenant General Alfred von Loewenfeld February 16, 1904 to February 8, 1908
Major general Fritz von Below 0February 9 to 17, 1908 (in charge of the tour)
Lieutenant General Fritz von Below February 18, 1908 to September 30, 1912
Lieutenant General Alfred von Larisch 0October 1 to November 18, 1912
Lieutenant General Oskar von Hutier November 19, 1912 to April 3, 1915
Major general Vain Friedrich of Prussia 0April 4, 1915 to October 11, 1918
Major general Eduard of Jena October 12, 1918 to February 5, 1919
Major general Georg Mühry 0February 6 to April 30, 1919

literature

  • Hall of Fame of our Old Army. Published on the basis of official material from the Reich Archives . Military publishing house, Berlin 1927, pp. 59, 80–81.
  • Histories of Two Hundred and Fifty-One Divisions of the German Army Which Participated in the War (1914-1918). United States War Office as War Department Document No. 905, Office of the Adjutant, 1920, pp. 18-21.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Dermot Bradley (ed.), Günter Wegner: Occupation of the German Army 1815-1939. Volume 1: The higher command posts 1815–1939. Biblio Verlag, Osnabrück 1990, ISBN 3-7648-1780-1 , pp. 176-177.