Dudeștii Noi

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Dudeștii Noi
Neubeschenowa
Újbesenyő
Coat of arms of Dudeştii Noi
Dudeștii Noi (Romania)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : RomaniaRomania Romania
Historical region : Banat
Circle : Timiș
Coordinates : 45 ° 50 ′  N , 21 ° 6 ′  E Coordinates: 45 ° 50 ′ 16 ″  N , 21 ° 6 ′ 2 ″  E
Time zone : EET ( UTC +2)
Height : 90  m
Area : 53.96  km²
Residents : 3,232 (2015)
Population density : 60 inhabitants per km²
Postal code : 307041
Telephone code : (+40) 02 56
License plate : TM
Structure and administration (as of 2016)
Community type : local community
Mayor : Alin Adrian Nica ( PNL )
Postal address : Str. Calea Becicherecului, no. 29
loc. Dudeștii Noi, jud. Timiș, RO-307041
Website :
Others
City Festival : Kerweih or Kirchweih (on the Sunday after October 20th)

Dudeștii Noi ( German  Neubeschenowa , Hungarian Újbesenyő ) is a municipality in the Timiș County , in the Banat region , in southwest Romania .

geography

Dudeștii Noi lies at an altitude of 84-99 m above sea ​​level , on the southeastern edge of the Banat Heath as part of the Great Hungarian Plain . The village is located with 2819 inhabitants and 52 inhabitants per km² (both as of 2009) on the state road 6 Timișoara - Sânnicolau Mare , 13 km northwest of Timișoara.

The place covers an area of ​​54 km². Railway connection has existed since the end of the 19th century. Like the whole of the Banat , Neubeschenowa has a continental climate , with cold winters and hot summers, and spring is mostly short. The annual average temperature is 10.6 ° C. The black earth of the Neubeschenowa soil and the relatively low groundwater level determine the high fertility of the fields. The place has the postcode 307041.

Neighboring places

Biled Hodoni Carani
Becicherecu Mic Neighboring communities Sânandrei
Beregsau Mare Săcălaz Mehala

history

Beschenowa in the Josephinische Landesaufnahme, 1769–72
Map from 1963
Art at the entrance to Dudeștii Noi, 2009
Aerial view of Dudeştii Noi, partial view, 2012

Dacians , Romans , Goths , Huns , Gepids , Avars , Serbs , Slovenes , Mongols and Turks invaded or settled the Banat over the centuries and ousted one another or rubbed one another in disputes. The name of the place, Bessenovo , has its origin in the Pechenegs , who originally settled the place.

In 1333 the place was documented in the papal registers. In 1551 the Turks invaded the Banat. The Turkish rule was ended by Prince Eugene Franz von Savoyen-Carignan and his Austrian troops by the reconquest of Timisoara on October 13, 1716. In the meantime the area had become completely impoverished, depopulated and swamped .

In the Peace of Passarowitz , the Temescher Banat came to Austria-Hungary and was subordinated to the Vienna Court Chamber on July 21, 1718 as an imperial crown domain . Field Marshal Claudius Florimund Count Mercy was entrusted in 1720 with the government , settlement and clearing of the Banates. At first he drew immigrants mainly from his native Lorraine to the province entrusted to him . Johann Osswald from Lorraine , who had lived in the Banat for 20 years, recruited 60 German - Lorraine families (290 people) from the areas of Mainz and Trier to settle in Beschenowa. In the summer of 1748 the first group of volunteer colonists arrived. Most of the journey was made on Ulmer Schachteln across the Danube . Empress Maria Theresa ordered military training for the settlers so that they could serve as soldiers in the event of war. In 1750 more German settlers joined the new ethnic group of the Banat Swabians . The place name Neubeschenowa came up to distinguish it from the Bulgarian- settled Altbeschenowa ( Romanian Dudeștii Vechi ) also lying in the Banat .

The structural expansion of the place took place in the high Theresian colonization period under the direction of the Sanktandres administrator Josef Franz Knoll .

In 1755, as a result of the saltpeter riots from the Hauensteiner Land in the southern Black Forest, several families were forcibly deported to the Banat and many were settled in Neubeschenowa. Released soldiers settled in the community in 1763. The Habsburg-Lothringen family politically transferred the Temescher Banat to Hungary in 1778 , and in the same year the number of houses built was 219. After the Banat was assigned to the Hungarian county administration , Neubeschenowa came to the St. Andrew district in 1779 . In 1787 the military opened large-scale branches.

On August 9, 1849, a decisive battle in the Hungarian Revolutionary War took place near Neubeschenowa. 30,000 fighters of the Austrian main army with 108 cannons met 55,000 men and 108 cannons of the Hungarian army under the command of Generals Heinrich Dembinski and Józef Bem at Nyaradbach under the leadership of Feldzeugmeister Baron Julius von Haynau . The 107-day siege of Timisoara ended with the victory of the imperial troops . After the revolution, the Banat became the Austrian crown land again .

After the Austro-Hungarian Compromise in 1867, Transylvania and the Banat and with it Neubeschenowa came back to Hungary. In the years 1906–1908, 325 Neubeschenowers emigrated to North America, 65 of them returned. The emigrants sent 375,000 crowns home. In the First World War were 127 people or were missing. After the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy , the Autonomous Banat Republic was proclaimed in 1918 . The Treaty of Trianon on June 4, 1920 resulted in the division of the Banat into three parts , whereby Dudeştii Noi fell to the Kingdom of Romania .

In the summer of 1933 the first National Socialist labor camp of the Hitler Youth in the Banat took place in Neubeschenowa . During the Second World War , 37 men from the community were killed in the Romanian army and around 83 men in the German army. After Romania changed sides from the Axis Powers to the Allies on August 23, 1944, 19 families fled to the West; between September 29 and October 10, all residents were evacuated to St. Andrew .

In January and February 1945, 297 men and women were deported to the Soviet Union for reconstruction work . 68 of them died in the coal mines of Ukraine . After the Land Reform Act (Agrarian Revolution), the remaining German population was expropriated . The first Romanian colonists came to the community in July . In 1947 almost every house in Neubeschenowa was inhabited by Romanians.

1951–1956 they were deported to the Bărăgan steppe , 62 families from the village were deported to the border area with Bulgaria. Of the 170 people deported, 22 did not return. After the agreement between the Federal Republic of Germany and Romania to reunite Romanian Germans to reunite their families , the first big wave of emigration began in 1978 . In 1989 the population of the village took an active part in the Romanian Revolution , which began in Timișoara and which was followed by the fall of the Ceaușescu regime in December. In 1989 the second and last great wave of emigration began.

Since 2004 the Partidul Na Liberional Liberal ( PNL ) with Alin Adrian Nica has provided the mayor; Dudeștii Noi has been an independent community again this year and is striving to create a new identity. By 2005, 60% of the streets had been paved, the water network had been expanded with an additional two kilometers, a new school building for classes I-IV had been built, and the street lighting had been improved. Future projects aim to renovate and equip the cultural center, expand the community, build a sports hall and connect the community to the natural gas network.

Population development

year total German Romanians Hungary other including Roma
1880 2743 2662 12 6th 63 0
1900 2857 2677 78 50 52 0
1910 2541 2355 14th 37 135 0
1920 2456 2291 0 19th 146 0
1930 2400 2233 14th 14th 149 141
1941 2309 2108 36 20th 145 140
1956 2559 unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown
1966 2672 1277 1360 24 19th 2
1977 2658 1177 1359 39 143 133
1992 2265 93 1964 32 143 141
2006 2414 ≥ 10 unknown unknown unknown ≥ 200 families
2007 2469 unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown
2008 2501 unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown
2009 2819 unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown
2010 2903 unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown
[0]2011 2953 44 2755 46 165 169
2012 3048 38 2697 45 268 169
2013 3179 44 2755 46 190 169
2014 3198 unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown
2015 3232 unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown
2016 3343 46 2897 48 352 178
2018 3570 49 2755 46 720 169

Buildings

Roman Catholic Church and Parish

In 1334 the first parish was founded, which was restored in 1749. The church was built in 1750–1751. St. Wendelin became the patron saint of the church . The congregation has observed the following religious holidays since 1754: St. Wendelin, St. Rochus , St. John of Nepomuk , St. Quirinus , and Sacred Heart . In 1764 the first organ was bought for 150 guilders . In 1765 the first bell was cast in Graz in honor of St. George . The first church clock came in 1767 . In 1780 the community bought three new bells. In 1784 the church and the parish were renovated. In 1818 three new church bells were bought for 2,800 guilders. In 1824 the foundation stone for the new rectory was laid. In 1832 a new organ was bought for 5000 guilders. In 1857 the iron cross was erected in front of the church. In the same year, thieves stole 1,074 florins from the church treasury. In 1997 the church was renovated, but badly damaged again by storms in the summer of 1998 and in July 2000. ( 45 ° 50 ′ 23 ″  N , 21 ° 6 ′ 2 ″  E )

Rochus Chapel and Cemetery

In 1751 the first cemetery was consecrated . In 1838 a new cemetery was inaugurated, in the middle of which the Rochus Chapel was built in 1844 ( 45 ° 50 ′ 7 ″  N , 21 ° 6 ′ 19 ″  E ).

Orthodox Church

In 1971 the church dedicated to Saint Dimitrios of Thessaloniki was built ( 45 ° 50 ′ 3 ″  N , 21 ° 6 ′ 20 ″  E ). The parish under Father Florian Caspar includes 530 families with 2,120 believers.

Further

  • In 1834 a new school building was built by Wilhelm Quiring from Neu-Arad , for 2,439 guilders.
  • Between 1915 and 1917 there was an airship hangar on the community's Hutweide as a base for the German Air Force. Zeppelins launched from here bombed cities such as Bucharest , Ploieşti , Chişinău and Thessaloniki during the First World War . On May 15, 1919, villagers attempted to steal the metal structure of the hangar, causing the building to collapse, five people perishing under the rubble, and numerous injuries.
  • Catholic Church of St. Wendelin, 2003
  • Rochus Chapel, 2015
  • Cemetery with Rochus Chapel, 2003

  • Orthodox Church of St. Dimitrios, 2006

  • Impression of the school, Banat wall calendar 1998
  • LZ 85 above the Zeppelin hall in Neubeschenowa, around 1915

Traditions

The German traditions are still cultivated in the Heimatortsgemeinschaft (HOG) Neubeschenowa .

The goals of the HOG are to cultivate the connections and relationships between the former residents and compatriots who are still living abroad, as well as to preserve traditional customs.

Former residents of Neubeschenowa have been meeting regularly for this purpose since 1957.

During that since 1981 every two yearly meetings (usually in the area around Augsburg ) are fairs and religious services held and fair -Aufmärsche and dance performances of costume pairs to traditional brass bands listed.

  • Neubeschenowa costume, 1988
  • Coat of arms of the HOG Neubeschenowa

Personalities

See also

literature

  • Anton Peter Petri - Neubeschenowa. History of a Moselle Franconian community in the Romanian Banat, Pannonia-Verlag, 1963
  • Anton Peter Petri - Biographical Lexicon of Banat Germans, 1992, 2198 Sp., Marquartstein (Th. Breit).
  • Anton Schwob - Settler mix and language equalization in young southeast German language islands using the example of the dialect of Neubeschenowa in the Banat. Phil. Diss. Mach. Innsbruck 1967.
  • Hans Diplich (ed.): German peasant life in the Banat. House book of Mathias Siebold from Neubeschenowa, Banat; 1842-1878 . Publishing house of the Südostdeutschen Kulturwerk, Munich 1957.
  • Data from the National Institute for Statistics Bucharest and the District Directorates for Statistics in Romania
  • Karin Müller-Franzen (Ed.): Chronicle Neubeschenowa. A Banat village through the ages . Self-published, Puchheim 2006, ISBN 3-00-019598-X (parallel title: “Neubeschenowa, memories of a home”).
  • Elke Hoffmann, Peter-Dietmar Leber and Walter Wolf : The Banat and the Banat Swabians. Volume 5. Cities and Villages , Media Group Universal Grafische Betriebe München GmbH, Munich, 2011, 670 pages, ISBN 3-922979-63-7 .

Remarks

  1. ↑ The Romanian daily Renașterea bănăţeană received the book on October 14, 2011: “Few Banat communities can boast of having such an elegant, documented and excellently illustrated monograph as Neubeschenowa / Dudestii Noi. The volume, published by Mirton-Verlag, with texts by the historian Liana Paun and illustrations by the artist Dan Burleanu, presents in detail the geographical location, the climate, the flora and fauna of the area, but also the history of the community from the first documentation in 1333 about the Turkish rule, the Habsburg conquest and colonization up to the present day. ”, temeswar.diplo.de , press evaluation of the German consulate in Timisoara

photos

  • Entrance sign, 2003

  • Street scene, 2003

  • Gravestone, 2003

  • Former Neugasse 357, street view, 2003

  • Former Neugasse 357, side view, 2003

  • Pair of storks in Dudeştii Noi, April 2012

  • “Parade” of a Neubeschenowa traditional dance group, 1988

Web links

Commons : Dudeștii Noi  - collection of images, videos and audio files
  • neubeschenowa.de , HOG Neubeschenowa: Virtual Neubeschenowa
  • banaterra.eu , BANATerra: Neubeschenowa
  • banatergottesheuser.ro , Banat houses of worship : Roman Catholic Church of Saints Wendelin, Rochus and Sebastian, 1751
  • neidenbach-net.de , Anton Peter Petri, Monika Ferrier, Franz Quint: Local history of Neubeschenowas , in English
  • dvhh.org , Donauschwaben Villages Helping Hands: Neubeschenowa in Banat , in English

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Mayoral elections 2016 in Romania ( MS Excel ; 256 kB)
  2. ↑ uni-heidelberg.de , Swantje Volkmann : The architecture of the 18th century in the Temescher Banat , Heidelberg 2001
  3. ↑ Speech by Mayor Alin Nica at the 2005 Neubeschenowa meeting in Königsbrunn ( memento of the original from June 5, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.neubeschenowa.de
  4. ↑ 2011 census in Romania ( MS Excel ; 1.3 MB)
  5. ↑ Comuna Dudeştii Noi. In: adi-pct.ro
  6. ↑ Populația communei Dudeştii Noi . In: pcdn.ro
  7. ↑ Protopopiatul Timișoara I ( Memento of April 13, 2010 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on September 13, 2010
  8. ^ Werner Kremm : Contributions to the Banat culture of remembrance (16). In: General German newspaper for Romania , May 10, 2014
  9. ↑ Siegfried Thiel: In the beginning there were zeppelins of the German Air Force. In: General German newspaper for Romania, July 28, 2015
  10. ↑ Alice Nastase Buciuța: Mony Bordeianu: I know that Nicu Covaci and I will be making music for many years to come , on November 1, 2012 from www.revistatango.ro ( Memento from April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on March 7 2015 (Romanian)