List of heads of state 1768
Overview
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Africa
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Egypt
- Bey of the Mamelukes : Ali Bey al-Kabir (1760–1772)
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Burundi
- King : Mwambutsa III. Syarushambo Butama (approx. 1767 – approx. 1796)
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Morocco ( Alawid Dynasty )
- Sultan : Mulai Muhammad (1757–1790)
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Tunisia ( Husainid dynasty )
- Sultan: Ali II. Al-Husain (1759–1782)
America
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Viceroyalty of Brazil
- Viceroy : Antônio Rolim de Moura Tavares (1767–1769)
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Viceroyalty of New Granada
- Viceroy : Pedro Messía de la Cerda (1761–1772)
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Viceroyalty of New Spain
- Viceroy : Carlos Francisco de Croix (1766–1771)
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Viceroyalty of Peru
- Viceroy : Manuel d'Amat i de Junyent (1761–1776)
Asia
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Afghanistan
- Emir: Ahmad Shah Durrani (1747–1772)
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China ( Qing Dynasty )
- Emperor: Qian Long (1735–1796)
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Japan
- Empress : Go-Sakuramachi (1762–1771)
- Shogun ( Tokugawa ): Tokugawa Ieharu (1760–1786)
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Persia ( Zand dynasty )
- Vakīl : Karim Khan (1750–1779)
Europe
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Andorra
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Co-princes :
- King of France : Louis XV. (1715–1774)
- Bishop of Urgell : Francesc Fernández de Xátiva y Contreras (1763–1771)
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Co-princes :
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Denmark and Norway
- King : Christian VII. (1766–1808)
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Great Britain and Ireland
- Head of State: King George III. (1760–1801) (1801–1820 King of the United Kingdom, 1760–1806 Elector of Braunschweig-Lüneburg, 1814–1820 King of Hanover)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham (1766–1768)
- Prime Minister Augustus FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton (1768–1770)
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Holy Roman Empire
- King and Emperor : Joseph II. (1765–1790) (1780–1790 King of Bohemia, 1780–1790 Duke of Milan, 1780–1790 Duke of Mantua, 1780–1790 Archduke of Austria, 1780–1790 King of Hungary)
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Electoral College
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Archbishopric of Cologne
- Elector : Maximilian Friedrich von Königsegg-Rothenfels (1761–1784) (1762–1784 Bishop of Münster)
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Archbishopric Mainz
- Elector : Emmerich Joseph von Breidbach zu Bürresheim (1763–1774) (1768–1774 Bishop of Worms)
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Archbishopric Trier
- Elector : Johann Philipp von Walderdorff (1756–1768) (1763–1768 Bishop of Worms)
- Elector: Clemens Wenzeslaus of Saxony (1768–1801) (1768–1803 Bishop of Augsburg, 1763–1768 Bishop of Freising, 1763–1768 Bishop of Regensburg, 1787–1802 Provost of Ellwangen, 1768–1794 Abbot of Prüm)
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Duchy of Bavaria
- Elector : Maximilian III. Joseph (1745–1777)
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Kingdom of Bohemia
- Queen : Maria Theresa (1740–1780) (1740–1780 Duchess of Milan, 1740–1780 Archduchess of Austria, 1740–1780 Duchess of Parma, 1740–1780 Queen of Hungary)
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Margraviate of Brandenburg
- Elector : Friedrich II. (1740–1786) (1740–1786 King of Prussia)
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Duchy of Brunswick-Lueneburg
- Elector : George III. (1760–1803) (1760–1801 King of Great Britain and Ireland, 1801–1820 King of the United Kingdom, 1814–1820 King of Hanover)
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Palatine County near the Rhine
- Elector : Karl Theodor (1742–1799) (1777–1799 Elector of Bavaria, 1742–1799 Duke of Jülich and Berg)
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Duchy of Saxony
- Elector : Friedrich August I (1763–1806) (1806–1827 King of Saxony)
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Archbishopric of Cologne
- spiritual imperial princes
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Hochstift Augsburg
- Bishop : Joseph Ignaz Philipp of Hessen-Darmstadt (1740–1768)
- Bishop: Clemens Wenzeslaus of Saxony (1768–1803) (1768–1801 Archbishop of Trier, 1763–1768 Bishop of Freising, 1763–1768 Bishop of Regensburg, 1787–1802 Provost of Ellwangen, 1768–1794 Abbot of Prüm)
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Bamberg Monastery
- Bishop : Adam Friedrich von Seinsheim (1757–1779) (1755–1779 Bishop of Würzburg)
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Hochstift Basel
- Bishop : Simon-Nicolas de Montjoie-Hirsingue (1762–1775)
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Prince Provost Berchtesgaden
- Provost : Michael Balthasar von Christalnigg (1752–1768)
- Provost: Franz Anton Josef von Hausen-Gleichenstorff (1768–1780)
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Brixen monastery
- Bishop : Leopold von Spaur (1747–1778)
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Hochstift Chur (territory 1648 federal, bishop imperial class without immediate land)
- Bishop : Johannes Baptist Anton von Federspiel (1755–1777)
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Corvey Abbey
- Abbot : Philipp von Spiegel zum Desenberg (1758–1776)
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Balleien of the Teutonic Order
- Grand Master : Karl Alexander of Lorraine (1761–1780)
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Eichstätt Monastery
- Bishop : Raymund Anton von Strasoldo (1757–1781)
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Prince Provost Ellwangen
- Provost : Anton Ignaz von Fugger-Glött (1756–1787) (1769–1787 Bishop of Regensburg)
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Hochstift Freising
- Bishop : Clemens Wenzeslaus of Saxony (1763–1768) (1768–1801 Archbishop of Trier, 1768–1803 Bishop of Augsburg, 1763–1769 Bishop of Regensburg, 1787–1803 Provost of Ellwangen, 1768–1794 Abbot of Prüm)
- Bishop: Ludwig Joseph von Welden (1768–1788)
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Fulda Abbey
- Bishop : Heinrich von Bibra (1759–1788)
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Hildesheim Monastery
- Bishop : Friedrich Wilhelm von Westphalen (1763–1789) (1782–1789 Bishop of Paderborn)
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Prince Abbey of Kempten
- Abbot : Honorius Roth von Schreckenstein (1760–1785)
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Constance monastery
- Bishop : Franz Konrad von Rodt (1750–1775)
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Hochstift Lübeck (1555–1803 Protestant administrators)
- Bishop : Friedrich August von Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf (1750–1785) (1773–1774 Count of Oldenburg, 1774–1785 Duke of Oldenburg)
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Liège Monastery
- Bishop : Charles Nicolas d'Oultremont (1763–1771)
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Monastery of Münster
- Bishop : Maximilian Friedrich von Königsegg-Rothenfels (1762–1784) (1761–1784 Archbishop of Cologne)
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Hochstift Osnabrück (1662–1802 alternating between Catholic and Lutheran bishops)
- Bishop : Friedrich August von Hannover and Albany (1764–1802)
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Paderborn Monastery
- Bishop : Wilhelm Anton von der Asseburg (1763–1782)
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Passau bishopric
- Bishop : Leopold Ernst von Firmian (1763–1783) (1748–1758 Bishop of Trient)
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Regensburg Monastery
- Bishop : Clemens Wenzeslaus of Saxony (1763–1769) (1768–1801 Archbishop of Trier, 1768–1803 Bishop of Augsburg, 1763–1768 Bishop of Freising, 1787–1803 Provost of Ellwangen, 1768–1794 Abbot of Prüm)
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Archbishopric Salzburg
- Archbishop : Sigismund Christoph von Schrattenbach (1753–1771)
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Speyer Monastery
- Bishop : Franz Christoph von Hutten zum Stolzenberg (1743–1770)
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Stablo-Malmedy Abbey
- Abbot : Jacques de Hubin (1766–1786)
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Strasbourg Monastery
- Bishop : Louis César Constantin de Rohan-Guéméné (1756–1779)
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Hochstift Trento
- Bishop : Cristoforo Sizzo de Noris (1763–1776)
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Hochstift Worms
- Bishop : Johann Philipp von Walderdorff (1763–1768) (1756–1768 Archbishop of Trier)
- Bishop: Emmerich Joseph von Breidbach zu Bürresheim (1768–1774) (1763–1774 Archbishop of Mainz)
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Würzburg Monastery
- Bishop : Adam Friedrich von Seinsheim (1755–1779) (1757–1779 Bishop of Bamberg)
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Hochstift Augsburg
- secular imperial princes
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Principality of Anhalt
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Anhalt-Bernburg
- Prince : Friedrich Albrecht (1765–1796)
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Principality of Anhalt-Dessau
- Prince : Leopold III. Friedrich Franz (1751–1817) (1751–1758 under guardianship) (from 1807 duke)
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Principality of Anhalt-Köthen
- Prince : Karl Georg Lebrecht (1755–1789)
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Anhalt-Zerbst
- Prince : Friedrich August (1747–1793) (1747–1752 under guardianship)
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Anhalt-Bernburg
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Arenberg
- Duke : Karl Maria Raimund (1754–1778)
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Margraviate of Baden
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Baden-Baden
- Margrave : August Georg Simpert (1761–1771)
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Baden-Durlach
- Margrave : Karl Friedrich (1738–1771) (1738–1746 under guardianship) (1771–1803 Margrave of Baden, 1803–1806 Elector of Baden, 1806–1811 Grand Duke)
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Baden-Baden
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Brandenburg-Ansbach
- Margrave : Karl Alexander (1757–1791) (1769–1791 Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth)
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Brandenburg-Bayreuth
- Margrave : Friedrich Christian (1763–1769)
- Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel
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Hessen-Darmstadt
- Landgrave : Louis VIII (1739–1768)
- Landgrave: Ludwig IX. (1768–1790)
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Hessen-Kassel
- Landgrave : Friedrich II. (1760–1785)
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Hohenzollern-Hechingen
- Prince : Josef Friedrich Wilhelm (1750–1798)
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Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
- Prince : Joseph Friedrich Ernst (1715–1769) (until 1720 under guardianship)
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Jülich and Berg
- Duke : Karl Theodor (1742–1799) (1777–1799 Elector of Bavaria, 1742–1799 Elector of the Palatinate, 1742–1799 Duke of Palatinate-Neuburg)
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Liechtenstein
- Prince : Josef Wenzel ( 1712–1718 , 1748–1772) (1732–1745 Regent of Liechtenstein)
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Mecklenburg
- Mecklenburg-Schwerin
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Mecklenburg-Strelitz
- Duke : Adolf Friedrich IV. (1752–1794)
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Nassau
- Ottonian line
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Walramic line
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Nassau-Saarbrücken
- Prince : Wilhelm Heinrich (1735–1768) (until 1741 under guardianship)
- Prince: Ludwig (1768–1793 / 94)
- Nassau-Usingen
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Nassau-Weilburg
- Prince : Karl Christian (1753–1788)
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Nassau-Saarbrücken
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Austria
- Archduchess : Maria Theresa (1740–1780) (1740–1780 Queen of Bohemia, 1740–1780 Duchess of Milan, 1740–1780 Duchess of Parma, 1740–1780 Queen of Hungary)
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Pfalz-Neuburg
- Duke : Karl Theodor (1742–1799) (1742–1777 Elector Palatinate, 1777–1799 Elector Palatinate-Bavaria, 1733–1799 Duke of Palatinate-Sulzbach, 1742–1794 / 99 Duke of Jülich and Berg)
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Pfalz-Sulzbach
- Duke : Karl Theodor (1733–1799) (1742–1777 Elector Palatinate, 1777–1799 Elector Palatinate-Bavaria, 1742–1799 Duke of Palatinate-Neuburg, 1742–1794 / 99 Duke of Jülich and Berg)
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Pfalz-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld
- Duke : Christian IV (1735–1775)
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Duchy of Saxony
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Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
- Duke : Ernst Friedrich (1764–1800)
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Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
- Duke : Friedrich III. (1732–1772)
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Saxony-Hildburghausen
- Duke : Ernst Friedrich III. (1745–1780) (1745–1748 under guardianship)
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Saxony-Meiningen
- Duke : Karl (1763–1782) (1763–1775 under guardianship)
- Duke: Georg I (Sachsen-Meiningen) (1763–1803) (1763–1782 under guardianship)
- Regent: Charlotte Amalie von Hessen-Philippsthal (1763–1782)
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Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
- Duke : Karl August (1758–1828) (1758–1775 under guardianship, 1815–1828 Grand Duke)
- Regent: Anna Amalia von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (1759–1775)
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Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
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Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
- Prince : Ludwig Günther II. (1767–1790)
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Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
- Prince : Christian Günther III. (1758–1794)
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Waldeck-Pyrmont
- Prince : Friedrich Karl August (1763–1805) (1805–1812 Prince of Waldeck)
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Württemberg
- Duke : Karl Eugen (1737–1793)
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Principality of Anhalt
- other imperial estates (selection)
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lip
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Lippe-Biesterfeld
- Count : Friedrich Karl August (1736–1781)
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Lippe-Detmold
- Count : Simon August (1734–1782)
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Lippe-Biesterfeld-Weißenfeld
- Count : Ferdinand Ludwig (1736–1781)
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Lippe-Biesterfeld
- Ortenburg
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Reuss
-
Reuss older line
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Reuss overburden
- Count : Heinrich XI. (1723–1768) (1768–1778 Count of Reuss-Greiz, 1778–1800 Prince of Reuss older line)
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Reuss-Untergreiz (falls to Reuss-Obergreiz)
- Count : Heinrich III. (1733–1768)
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Reuss-Greiz (union of Reuss-Obergreiz and Reuss-Untergreiz)
- Count : Heinrich XI. (1768–1778) (1723–1768 Count of Reuss-Obergreiz, 1778–1800 Prince of Reuss older line)
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Reuss overburden
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Reuss younger line
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Reuss-Ebersdorf
- Count : Heinrich XXIV. (1747–1779)
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Reuss-Gera
- Count : Heinrich XXX. (1748–1802)
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Reuss-Lobenstein
- Count : Heinrich II. (1739–1782)
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Reuss-Schleiz
- Count : Heinrich XII. (1744–1784)
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Reuss-Ebersdorf
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Reuss older line
- Schaumburg-Lippe
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lip
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Italian states
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Genoa
- Doge : Marcello Durazzo (1767–1769)
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Papal States
- Pope : Clement XIII. (1758–1769)
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Milan (1706–1800 to Austria)
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Duchess : Maria Theresa (1740–1780) (1740–1780 Queen of Bohemia, 1740–1780 Archduchess of Austria, 1740–1780 Duchess of Parma, 1740–1780 Queen of Hungary)
- Governor : Francesco III. d'Este (1754–1771) (1737–1780 Duke of Modena)
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Duchess : Maria Theresa (1740–1780) (1740–1780 Queen of Bohemia, 1740–1780 Archduchess of Austria, 1740–1780 Duchess of Parma, 1740–1780 Queen of Hungary)
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Massa and Carrara
- Duchess : Maria Teresa Cybo-Malaspina (1731–1790) (until 1744 under guardianship)
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Modena and Reggio
- Duke : Francesco III. d'Este (1737–1780) (1754–1771 Governor of Milan)
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Naples (1735–1806 personal union with Sicily)
- King : Ferdinand I (1759–1799, 1799–1806, 1815–1816 ) (King of Sicily 1759–1816, King of both Sicilies 1816–1825)
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Parma and Piacenza
- Duchess : Maria Theresa (1740–1780) (1740–1780 Queen of Bohemia, 1740–1780 Duchess of Milan, 1740–1780 Archduchess of Austria, 1740–1780 Queen of Hungary)
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Piombino
- Prince : Gaetano Boncompagni-Ludovisi (1745–1777)
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Sardinia (since 1720 part of Savoy)
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King : Karl Emanuel III. (1730–1773) (1720–1730 and 1732–1773 Duke of Savoy)
- Viceroy : Vittorio Ludovico d'Hallot des Hayes (1767–1771)
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King : Karl Emanuel III. (1730–1773) (1720–1730 and 1732–1773 Duke of Savoy)
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Savoy
- Duke : Charles Emanuel III. ( 1720–1730 , 1732–1773) (1730–1773 King of Sardinia)
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Sicily (1735–1806 in personal union with Naples)
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King : Ferdinand III. (1759–1816) (1759–1799, 1799–1806, 1815–1816 King of Naples, 1816–1825 King of the Two Sicilies)
- Viceroy : Giovanni Fogliani Sforza d'Aragona (1755–1773)
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King : Ferdinand III. (1759–1816) (1759–1799, 1799–1806, 1815–1816 King of Naples, 1816–1825 King of the Two Sicilies)
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Tuscany
- Grand Duke : Leopold I (1765–1790) (1790–1792 Emperor, 1790–1792 King of Bohemia, 1790–1792 Duke of Milan, 1790–1792 Archduke of Austria, 1790–1792 King of Hungary)
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Venice
- Doge : Alvise Mocenigo IV. (1763–1778)
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Genoa
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Khanate of Crimea
- Khan : Maqsud Giray (1767–1768)
- Khan: Qırım Giray ( 1758–1764 , 1768–1769)
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Courland
- Duke : Ernst Johann von Biron ( 1757–1758 , 1763–1769)
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Malta
- Grand Master : Manuel Pinto de Fonseca (1741–1773)
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Moldova (under Ottoman rule)
- Prince : Grigore Callimachi ( 1761–1764 , 1767–1769)
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Monaco
-
Prince : Honoré III. (1732–1793)
- Governor General: Antoine Grimaldi (1732–1784)
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Prince : Honoré III. (1732–1793)
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Netherlands
-
Republic of the Seven United Provinces
- Inheritance holder : Wilhelm V (1751–1795) (1751–1806 Prince of Nassau-Diez)
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Austrian Netherlands (formally part of the Holy Roman Empire until 1714/95)
- Governor : Karl Alexander von Lothringen (1744–1780) (1761–1780 Grand Master of the Teutonic Order)
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Republic of the Seven United Provinces
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Ottoman Empire
- Sultan : Mustafa III. (1757–1774)
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Poland
- King : Stanislaus II August Poniatowski (1764–1795)
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Prussia
- King : Friedrich II. (1740–1786) (1740–1786 Elector of Brandenburg)
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Russia
- Empress : Catherine II (1762–1796)
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Sweden
- King : Adolf Friedrich (1751–1771) (1727–1750 Bishop of Lübeck)
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Spain
- King : Charles III. (1759–1788) (1735–1759 King of Naples, 1731–1735 Duke of Parma, 1735–1759 King of Sicily)
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Hungary
- Queen : Maria Theresa (1740–1780) (1740–1780 Queen of Bohemia, 1740–1780 Duchess of Milan, 1740–1780 Archduchess of Austria, 1740–1780 Duchess of Parma)
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Wallachia (under Ottoman rule)
- Prince : Alexandru Ghica (1766–1768)
- Prince: Grigore III. Ghica (1768–1769) (1764–1767, 1774–1777 Prince of Moldova)