Saint-Amand-les-Eaux
| Saint-Amand-les-Eaux | ||
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| region | Hauts-de-France | |
| Department | North | |
| Arrondissement | Valenciennes | |
| Canton | Saint-Amand-les-Eaux (main town) | |
| Community association | Porte du Hainaut | |
| Coordinates | 50 ° 27 ' N , 3 ° 26' E | |
| height | 14-39 m | |
| surface | 33.81 km 2 | |
| Residents | 15,889 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 470 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 59230 | |
| INSEE code | 59526 | |
| Website | http://www.saint-amand-les-eaux.fr | |
 Échevinales (former town hall and courthouse) |
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Saint-Amand-les-Eaux (NDL .: "Sint Amands aan de Skarpe") is a French community in the region Hauts-de-France in the department of Nord . Administratively, the municipality is assigned to the arrondissement of Valenciennes ; it is the capital of the canton of Saint-Amand-les-Eaux .
geography
The city with 15,889 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2017) is located in French Flanders near the Belgian border. It is located on small sand dunes , mainly on the left bank of the canalized Scarpe , a tributary of the Scheldt , 10 km northwest of Valenciennes and 35 km southeast of Lille .
The Regional Nature Park Scarpe-Schelde (French: Parc naturel régional Scarpe-Escaut ) extends around Saint-Amand-les-Eaux , to which 48 municipalities in the region belong.
The city is on the Lille (Fives) - Orchies - Saint-Amand-les-Eaux - Valenciennes - Avesnes-sur-Helpe - Fourmies - Hirson railway line .
history
After France illustrée , Volume 3 by Victor Adolphe Malte-Brun (1882).
In the 7th century the place was called Elnon . The Merovingian King Dagobert the Good - he was considered a good friend of the clergy - paid tribute to the missionary Amand of Maastricht . St. Amand founded a monastery in Elnon , which was intended as a base to subdue the semi-wild tribes that lived in the Flemish forests and to Christianize them . He became the first abbot of the monastery and named the abbey after his name (→ Saint-Amand Abbey ). The place quickly grew into a small town and gained in importance. During the Carolingian era , the monastery school achieved a great reputation and was visited by many young people from near and far to learn reading, grammar and writing. This operation increased the prosperity of the city, but in 880 the Normans invaded the area. Under their leaders, Hasting and Bigier, the invaders settled along the Scarpe and the Scheldt rivers (the latter is called Escaut in France). To save St. Amand from desecration, his body was transferred to the Sainte-Marie church in Douai . The people showed deep reverence for the body of this early saint of Belgium, and everything was done to preserve it, all the more because it was first discovered in 840, fifty years after the burial, by Abbot Lanthaire was reburied, is said to have been presented in pristine condition, which led people to believe in a miracle. Although King Ludwig III hurried . to help the city, but he could not prevent the monastery from being pillaged by the Normans. Finally Ludwig caught up with the looters and managed to put them to flight on August 3, 881 at the Battle of Saucourt-en-Vimeu .
The monastery of Saint-Amand was soon rebuilt. The generosity of the king and barons , the clearing of the monks and the labor of the serfs brought new wealth to the area. The city prospered, and the abbots attracted more and more capable people with the allocation of arable land and concessions . In 1340, however, the beginning of the Hundred Years War , the one with the left British allied Seigneur Jean de Hainaut (Hans von Hainaut , * 1288, † 1356), who later under the name de Jean Beaumont was known place in the city fire, whereby the monastery burned down. Jean is said to have massacred all the residents of the city who were allied with the French king, in order to take revenge on the citizens and the garrison , which devastated his city Hasnon during the earlier acts of war.
After the house of Burgundy died out in the male line with the battle death of Duke Charles the Bold in 1477, the city paid homage to the French King Louis XI. The female heiress Maria of Burgundy was ultimately able to prevail thanks to her marriage to Maximilian von Habsburg , and the city was punished for her hasty partisanship. But Maria died young as a result of a riding accident in 1482, and Flanders then came under the hegemony of France. 1521 conquered Prince of Ligne on behalf of the Roman-German Emperor Charles V - he was the great rival of the French king I. Franz - back to the city. Later, under Louis XIII. it fell back to the French crown, a status that was contractually sanctioned in the Peace of Aachen in 1668.
In 1793, during the First Coalition War , Charles-François Dumouriez set up camp in Saint-Amand after releasing Belgium. He had the representatives sent to him by the National Assembly from Paris to clarify his opaque warfare, arrested without further ado. In addition, he planned a "March on Paris" with his troops. Dumouriez, the great victor and hero of the Battle of Jemappes , was guilty of high treason and he had to flee into exile from revolutionary France.
The monastery existed until the French Revolution . The monastery church was partially rebuilt in 1634. The travelers admired their ornate towers made of white sandstone . The 100 meter high central tower, which serves as a belfry, can be climbed via a narrow, 450-step staircase.
Around 1800 the city had a good 8,000 inhabitants.
Toponyms
Elnon is a small river that flows north of the city into the Courant du Décours (or Courant de l'Hôpital ). Elnon libre was the name of the city during the First French Republic , when the Ancien Régime was fought and noblesse and the veneration of saints were frowned upon and prohibited by the state. Pâturages is now a small province in Wallonia ; the name is based on the Latin in pabula or on the French en-Pévèle . The inscription Sancti Amandi in Pabula can then also be seen on some of the old city coats of arms. In his report from 1882 on the city, Malte-Brun basically used the name Saint-Amand , although the term Saint-Amand-les-Eaux also appears. The municipality name Saint-Amand-les-Eaux - whereby the predicate les-Eaux refers to the mineral water source - has been official since May 16, 1962.
Other historical names for the city are: Elnonense coenobium , Monasterium Elnonense Sancti Amandi ; Elnonensis urbs, abatia ; Helno ; Villa Helnonis ; Amandopolis in pabula ; Divi Amandi oppidium ; Sancti amandi in pabula ; Saint Amand-en-Pévèle ; Elnon libre .
coat of arms
A silver, upright sword with a golden shaft on a light green background, flanked by two golden fleurs-de-lis .
Population development
| year | 1936 | 1946 | 1954 | 1962 | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2008 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residents | 14,762 | 14,218 | 14,718 | 16,674 | 17,170 | 16,692 | 16.199 | 16,776 | 17.172 | 16,692 |
Attractions
See also: List of Monuments historiques in Saint-Amand-les-Eaux
Saint-Amand Monastery and Municipal Museum
The Saint-Amand monastery was last rebuilt between 1626 and 1640 under the abbot Nicolas Dubois . It became state property during the French Revolution, and between 1797 and 1820 it was stripped down until only the former courthouse ( Échevinage ) and the baroque church tower remained. The massive construction showed the power of the Counter-Reformation : The northern part of Flanders had turned to Protestantism in 1581 .
The complex has been a listed building since 1846. The 82 meter high central tower is equipped with an impressive carillon , which is especially popular between 12:00 and 12:30. Since 1950 the tower has housed the municipal museum ( Musée municipal ), which is dedicated to the following four main themes: ceramics of the local handicrafts from the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries, contemporary ceramic art, history of the monastery and South Flemish church art of the 17th and 18th centuries Century.
Other sacred buildings
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- The Abbaye de Notre-Dame-de-la-Paix is the second monastery in Saint-Amand-les-Eaux. It was built in 1650 as a Benedictine convent .
- The parish church of Saint-Martin was reconstructed in 1783.
- The parish church of Saint-Jean-Baptiste
- The parish church of Saint-Thérèse
Civil buildings
- town hall
- Saint-Amand-les-Eaux train station
- City Theater ( Théâtre municipal )
- Brasserie Bouchart from the mid-19th and early 20th centuries
Thermal springs
There are four thermal springs in Saint-Amand-les-Eaux: La Fontaine-Bouillon , Le Pavillon-Ruiné , La Petite-Fontaine and L'Évêque-d'Arras . The bathing resort is also known for its sulphurous mud baths .
As early as 50 BC, the Romans knew The advantages of the springs and built a thermal bath on site. Neglected in the early Middle Ages, it was forgotten in the High Middle Ages. Maréchal Louis-François de Boufflers is said to have rediscovered and repaired the sources in the 17th century. In 1689 Jean Racine wrote an eulogy for the thermal baths, and the local population ascribed a miraculous effect to the water. From 1927 mineral water was bottled in glass bottles, and from 1971 it was marketed in plastic bottles. Since May 16, 1962, Saint-Amand officially bears the name affix and the predicate les-Eaux . In 1991 the city entered into a partnership with the Italian bath Tivoli , whose thermal baths also go back to a two-thousand-year tradition .
In 1982, studies were drawn up for a geothermal project in the region, but no concrete plans emerged from this.
economy
Faience
Manufactories that produce handicraft ceramic goods ( faience ) settled in Saint-Amand and the rest of the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region from 1705. The following manufacturers are known: Les Manufactures de Faïence du Moulin des Loups , La Faïence de Saint-Amand-les-Eaux , Les Faïences et Porcelaines de St-Amand-Orchies-Hamage , Les Grands Établissements Céramiques Saint Amand and Hamage Nord - la Manufacture de Faïence et de Porcelaines . The designs by the ceramicist Pierre Joseph Fauquez from Tournai (now Belgium), who settled in Saint-Amand around 1720, are famous . His works can be recognized by the signature P. F - SA (initials of his name and the city).
Fontaine dauphin , Pierre Fauquez, 18th century, Musée de Saint-Amand
Bowl from the Desmoutiers manufactory , 18th century, Musée de Saint-Amand
Plate from the La Faïence de Saint-Amand-les-Eaux manufacture
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In 1882 in France illustrée for Saint-Amand, Adolphe Malte-Brun described the following industrial activities: steelmaking , sugar mills , nail factories, manufacture of wool and cotton hosiery, chain cables, a porcelain factory , tanneries , schnapps distilleries , oil mills and soap factories . There is also said to have been a brisk trade in hemp , timber and charcoal . Malte-Brun also mentions a forest with an area of 3,400 hectares. Either he is wrong with this size specification, or this forest went beyond today's municipal boundaries.
In 1935, Aubier & Dunne aircraft engines were manufactured in Saint-Amand . These two-stroke engines with a capacity of 540 cm³ drove sky lice .
In 1964, the Encyclopedia Grand Larousse named the following economic activities for Saint-Amand: metallurgical industry ( round rolling , wire drawing , anchor chains , electroplating ), manufacture of motors, hosiery, ceramic and faience goods, and leather tanning.
Today, mineral water is bottled and marketed in Saint-Amand and beer is brewed. The pharmaceutical company GlaxoSmithKline has an office in the city. There is also a casino in Saint-Amand-les-Eaux called Pasino , which is operated by the Groupe Partouche .
Personalities
- Amand von Maastricht (around 575 – around 676), who gave the city its name, died around 676 in Saint-Amand.
- Johannes Secundus (1511–1536), Dutch poet, painter and sculptor, died in Saint-Amand in 1536.
- Casimir Davaine (1812–1882), French doctor, was born in Saint-Amand in 1812.
- Robert Lannoy (1915–1979), French composer, was born in Saint-Amand in 1915.
Twin cities
- Andernach , Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany (since 1959)
- Tivoli , Latium, Italy (since 2001)
- Irvine , North Ayrshire , Scotland
literature
- René Fruit: la Croissance économique du pays de Saint-Amand (North) - 1668–1914 . Armand Colin, Paris, 1963.
- Anne-Marie Dervaux, Saint-Amand-les-Eaux . Editions Alan Sutton, Saint-Cyr-sur-Loire, 2004.
- Hans Stocklein : St. Amand. An art history guide . Publishing house of the Liller War Newspaper, Lille 1917.
- Le Patrimoine des Communes du Nord. Flohic Editions, Volume 2, Paris 2001, ISBN 2-84234-119-8 , pp. 1447-1456.
Notes and individual references
- ^ De Nederlanden in Frankrijk, Jozef van Overstraeten, 1969
- ↑ Christian view of things
- ↑ Malte-Brun dubbed him Comte ("Count"), Count of Hennegau was his brother Guillaume ("Wilhelm") at the time.
- ↑ Jean Froissart : Chroniques , vol. 1, p. 250ff. Imprimerie Générale de Ch. Lahure, Paris, 1869.
- ↑ Malte-Brun names the Peace of Utrecht here . However, this has been proven to be a mix-up.
- ↑ Correct would be 82 meters
- ^ Collectio Vetus Gallica and Hubert Mordek: Canon Law and Reform in the Franconian Empire , p. 281. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, 1975.
- ^ Statistique archéologique du Département du Nord , Vol. 2, p. 429. Librairie Quarré et Leleu, Lille, 1867.
- ↑ Entry no. PA00107796 in the Base Mérimée of the French Ministry of Culture (French)
