Mauthausen

This article deals with the market town in Upper Austria, for further meanings see Mauthausen (disambiguation) .

market community Mauthausen
coat of arms	Austria map
Basic data
Country:	Austria
State :	Upper Austria
Political District :	Perg
License plate :	PE
Surface:	14.03 km²
Coordinates :	48 ° 15 ′  N , 14 ° 31 ′  E Coordinates: 48 ° 14 ′ 31 ″  N , 14 ° 31 ′ 1 ″  E
Height :	265  m above sea level A.
Residents :	4,924 (January 1, 2020)
Postal code :	4310
Area code :	07238
Community code :	4 11 11
Address of the municipal administration:	Marktplatz 7 4310 Mauthausen
Website:	www.mauthausen.at
politics
Mayor :	Thomas Punkenhofer ( SPÖ )
Municipal Council : (2015) (31 members)	13 7th 6th 3 2 13 7th 6th 3 2  A total of 31 seats SPÖ : 13 FPÖ : 7 ÖVP : 6 GREEN : 3 UBM : 2
Location of Mauthausen in the Perg district
South view of the town center
Source: Municipal data from Statistics Austria

Mauthausen is a market town in Upper Austria in the district of Perg in the Mühlviertel on the western edge of the Machland with 4924 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2020) and was the seat of the district court for the judicial district of Mauthausen until December 31, 2013 . Since January 1st, 2014, the responsible district court has been in the city of Perg . The right on the Danube lying market is located 15 km east of Linz at 265  m above sea level. A.

The place developed at a toll station founded by the Babenbergers at the end of the 10th century and was first mentioned in 1192 as "Muthusin". 1,335 are in Urbar of Baumgartenberg first market rights named were later confirmed several times. In 1505 the first wooden bridge over the Danube was built near Mauthausen , which was later replaced by ferries (flying bridge). Mauthausen achieved economic importance as a stopover in the salt trade on the Linzer Steig . Mauthausen became famous in the 19th century for the Mauthausen granite that the Mauthausen stone industry supplied to the large cities of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy . The current area of ​​the municipality was expanded through the incorporation of the previously independent cadastral municipality of Haid on November 1, 1938.

Between 1938 and 1945, the Mauthausen concentration camp , the largest concentration camp of the National Socialists in Austria, was located in the northeast of the municipality .

From the 1970s onwards, numerous trading companies settled along Donau Straße B 3 and the Donaupark Mauthausen shopping center was built right next to the Mauthausen Danube bridges . The location on the Danube and the Enns flowing into it from the south were associated with frequent floods and multiple flood disasters, most recently in 1954 and 2002 , which is why a mobile flood protection system was built in 2010 as part of the Machland dam .

geography

Location and surroundings

The area of ​​the market town of Mauthausen covers an area of ​​14 km². The largest extension is 6.9 km from west to east and 3.3 km from north to south. The highest point of the municipality at 362  m above sea level. A. is marked by the linden tree at the location of the Marbacher Linde natural monument, which was removed in 1986 . The lowest points of the municipality are in the east of the municipality on the Danube.

The provincial capital Linz is 25 kilometers to the west, the district town of Perg 10 kilometers to the east of Mauthausen. The distance to the federal capital Vienna is around 180 kilometers. The next border crossing to the Czech Republic , Wullowitz in the municipality of Leopoldschlag , is located north of Mauthausen at a distance of 55 kilometers. The distance to the Upper Austrian-Lower Austrian border in the east of the Perg district near Hirschenau in the municipality of St. Nikola an der Donau is 41 kilometers.

Waters

The municipality of Mauthausen is bordered in the south by the Danube. It is connected to the municipality of Sankt Pantaleon-Erla in Lower Austria by the Mauthausen Danube bridges ( railway and road bridge ) and a tourist ferry connection to the city of Enns in Upper Austria.

The eastern municipality border is partly formed by the Aist and the western by the Rieder Bach . In the Ufer district, the Rieder Bach first flows into the Gusen , which shortly afterwards flows into the Danube, also into Ufer.

With the exception of the groundwater accumulations in abandoned quarries, which have largely been left to natural succession, there are no standing water bodies in Mauthausen.

Due to its location on the Danube and at the confluence of Aist, Enns, Gusen and Riederbach, Mauthausen is repeatedly affected by floods and occasionally also by flood disasters (most recently in 1954 and 2002). To protect against future Danube floods, a partially mobile flood protection system was built in 2010 as part of the Machland Nord flood protection project (Machland dam).

geology

Mauthausen is located on the one hand in the fertile Machland plain and on the other hand in the Untermühlviertel Schollenland, an extension of the granite and gneiss plateau. From a geological and geomorphological point of view as well as aspects of the use of space, the municipality of Mauthausen belongs to 4 of the 41 spatial units of the federal state of Upper Austria . The localities and districts in the plain east of Mauthausen are part of the Machland spatial unit , while the flat parts of the municipality west of the mouth of the Enns belong to the Linzer Feld . The hilly parts take up the greater part of the Mauthausen municipal area and belong to the southern Mühlviertel peripheral areas . In the northeast, the Central Mühlviertel highlands extend to the municipality of Mauthausen.

The mountainous region of the Untermühlviertel Schollenland is a crystalline basement and consists of granite, while the Machland is a relatively shallow basin of the type of a young sediment basin . In Mauthausen you can find the fine to medium-grained Mauthausen granite , which was extracted in the 19th century by the Mauthausen stone industry in several Mauthausen quarries and delivered to the cities of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy .

Structure of the community

In the market town of Mauthausen, 10.7% of the area is forested and 66.4% is used for agriculture. The rest is accounted for by construction areas, bodies of water, gardens and other areas.

The Mauthausen market, which had existed since the 13th century, became a cadastral municipality in 1784 and a market municipality in 1850. In 1938, the Haid farming community, which was also established in 1848 in the area of ​​the Haid cadastral community, was incorporated. Since then, Mauthausen has consisted of the two cadastral communities Mauthausen and Haid.

The municipality includes the following 13 localities (population in brackets as of January 1, 2020):

• Albern (133) including Obersebern
• Bernaschek settlement (204)
• Brunngraben (243)
• Haid (45)
• Hart (89) including Althart and Neuhart
• Heinrichsbrunn (710)
• Backwood (238)
• Marbach (140, also Gem.  Ried )
• Mauthausen (878, main town )
• Oberkreising (174, also Gem.  Ried )
• Ripe Village (146)
• Ufer (1593) including Wienergraben
• Pre-market (331)

Neighboring communities

Mauthausen is surrounded by five Upper Austrian communities in the Perg and Linz-Land districts and one in Lower Austria in the Amstetten district .

In the north Mauthausen borders on Ried in der Riedmark , in the southeast on the Lower Austrian municipality of Sankt Pantaleon-Erla and in the southwest on the municipality of Enns in the Linz-Land district. The municipality of Langenstein extends to the west and the market communities of Schwertberg and Naarn im Machlande extend to the municipality area to the east.

	Ried in the Riedmark	Schwertberg
Langenstein		Naarn in the Machlande
Enns		Sankt Pantaleon-Erla

population

Population development

Population development
year Pop. 1851 1869 2,485 1880 2,808 1890 3,196 1900 3,354 1910 3,545 1923 3,048 1934 3,186	year Pop. 1939 4,378 1951 3,562 1961 3,836 1971 4,432 1981 4,346 1991 4,403 2001 4,845 2009 4,873

In 1869 Mauthausen, including the community of Haid, which was later incorporated, had 2,485 inhabitants. Due to the flourishing Mauthausen stone industry, the population grew to more than 3,500 people in the decades that followed. The economic crisis and world wars led to the decline of the stone industry and the associated decline in the resident population. The surprising increase in population in 1939 was related to the establishment of the Mauthausen concentration camp. Since the beginning of the 1950s, there has been a continuous increase in the number of inhabitants.

The following population information was recorded for the former Mauthausen parish: In 1773 the parish consisted of 228 houses, in 1781 of 230, 1809 and 1825 of 247. The number of inhabitants is given for 1800 as 1,538, in 1809 as 1,521 and in 1825 as 1,669 , 1846 with 2075 and 1869 with 2.182. The value for 1869 shows that the boundaries of the parish and market town were not congruent at the time.

Historical house and population numbers are also available for individual localities:

• In the village of Albern there were 7 houses in 1539 and 14 in 1869. The population in Albern rose from 88 in 1869 to 134 in 1951 and 145 in 1961. In 1971 there were 139 people, 141 in 1981 and 131 in 1991 , a historic high of 159 was not reached until 2001. The number of houses this year is given as 56.
• In the village of Haid there were 1,449 9 houses, in 1951 there were 14, 1961 16, 1971 17, 1981 21, 1991 20 and 2001 18. The number of inhabitants fluctuated with 75 people in 1951, 83 in 1961, 78 in 1971 , 111 in 1981, 79 in 1991 and 51 in 2001.
• Both the number of houses and the number of residents in Heinrichsbrunn increased more than tenfold from 1869 to 2001. While in 1869 there were 9 houses with 63 inhabitants, in 2001 there were 98 houses with 800 inhabitants. In detail, the population rose to 105 by 1880, to 268 by 1890, to 225 by 1900, to 330 by 1910, to 300 by 1923 and to 332 by 1934. By 1951 the population stagnated at 332 people and then fell back to 310 people in 1961. In 1971, 732 people lived in Heinrichsbrunn, 885 in 1981, 821 in 1991 and 800 in 2001.
• The actual market area of ​​Mauthausen had 1498 61 houses, 1558 70, 1644 and 1681 82, 1750 122, 1809 132, 1825 142, 1869 149, 1951 170, 1961 202, 1971 214, 1981 223, 1991 235 and 2001 251. They lived there 1746 375 people, 1825 977, 1869 1,309, 1951 1,361, 1961 1492, 1971 1,347, 1981 1,054, 1991 1,090 and 2001 979.
• In the Ufer district in 1869 there were 21 houses with 137 inhabitants, 1880 24 with 205 inhabitants, 1890 24 with 230 inhabitants, 1900 28 with 258 inhabitants, 1910 31 with 312 inhabitants, 1923 31 with 249 inhabitants, 1934 38 with 298 inhabitants, 1951 63 with 475 inhabitants, 1961 93 with 597 inhabitants, 1971 150 with 814 inhabitants, 1981 189 with 849 inhabitants, 1991 222 with 1,006 inhabitants and 2001 281 with 1,498 inhabitants.

Population structure by gender, age and education

The market town of Mauthausen had 4873 inhabitants on January 1, 2010, of which 2380 were men and 2493 women, making it the third largest municipality in the Perg district after the district capital Perg and the market town of Schwertberg.

The rough age structure of the Mauthausen population as of January 1, 2010 shows that 64.1% of Mauthausen residents are over 15 and under 65 years old. Around a sixth of the population is younger (15.8%) and around a fifth of the population is older (20.1%). While the proportion of women in the main group (50.7%) is slightly above the overall average and in the younger population (44.8%) it is significantly below the overall average, the proportion of women in the older population (58.7%) is significantly higher than in the overall population.

Of the 3,960 Mauthausen residents who were over 15 years old in 2001, 2,054 or 51.9% are women. 193 Mauthausner, that is 4.9% of the over fifteen year olds, have graduated from a university , technical college or academy , the proportion of women at 50.3% is only slightly below that of the population group as a whole. Another 362 Mauthausers, that is 9.2% of the relevant population group, have the Matura , with the proportion of women at 52.2% just above that of the population group concerned. 1912 Mauthausner, with 48.3% almost half of those over the age of fifteen, have completed an apprenticeship or vocational middle school , with 40.6% women. 1493 or 37.7% of Mauthausen residents only have compulsory schooling . More than two thirds of them are women.

Origin and language

91.4% of Mauthausen residents are Austrian citizens and 90.3% were born in Austria. 1.2% of Mauthausers come from other EU-15 countries, 8.6% from non-EU15 countries, primarily from Turkey and Bosnia-Herzegovina (as of 2001).

The Middle or Danube Bavarian dialect is a Bavarian dialect form that is widespread throughout Upper Austria . The ostösterreichische branch of the middle Bairischen goes to the dialect of the created by the Bavarian Ostsiedlung Babenberg dominion Ostarrichi back.

In the 2001 census, 4,300 people (88.8%) stated German as a colloquial language, 324 (6.7%) Turkish , 57 (1.2%) Croatian , 19 (0.4%) Bosnian , 10 (0.2 %) %) Serbian , 21 (0.4%) Hungarian , 16 (0.3%) Czech , 97 (2.0%) another language.

religion

In the 2001 census, 3,716 people (76.7%) stated Roman Catholic as their religious denomination, 406 (8.4%) Islamic , 94 (1.9%) Protestant , 20 (0.4%) Orthodox and 61 (1st , 3%) other faiths. 39 (0.8%) Mauthausers have not professed any religion.

Mauthausen is part of the Perg dean's office in the Catholic diocese of Linz . This was founded in 1974. The dean is elected from among the pastors of the deanery.

history

From Roman times to the late Middle Ages

Finds from the Neolithic Age on the granite rocks above the Danube floodplains testify that the municipality of Mauthausen was settled early on. No finds from Roman times are mentioned. At that time Mauthausen was right on the border with the Roman Empire within a 7.5 km wide buffer zone directly opposite the Roman camps, initially from Albing and later from Lauriacum . The Roman Danube fleet Classis lauracensis is said to have maintained a base or port at the mouth of the Enns at the Tabor near Enghagen. At Mauthausen, the Limes Road crossed the Roman border with the Salt and Iron Road coming from the south. This crossed the Danube at a ford and, after a short, steep climb up the ridge, led northwards to what would later become Bohemia and Moravia . In the second century AD, Germanic tribes also crossed the Danube near Mauthausen and invaded the Roman Empire.

At the end of the 10th century, the Babenbergers founded a toll station. A settlement will soon have formed around the toll house. In 1192 the name "Muthusin" was mentioned for the first time for the settlement.

As a customs post and trading post, the place achieved prosperity and received a number of privileges, including a. its own market organization , lower jurisdiction, stacking rights and compulsory roads . In 1335, the Baumgartenberg land register called the place a "free market". 1446 confirmed (the later emperor) Friedrich III. the right to judge “with stick and gallows” and thus lifted Mauthausen out of the list of simple markets.

Ecclesiastically, Mauthausen belonged to the parish of Ried in der Riedmark (mentioned for the first time in 823) and thus to the diocese of Passau until 1122 the area fell to the St. Florian monastery . In 1420 it became a branch with its own pastor for the churches of St. Nikolaus (on the mountain) and St. Heinrich (on the Danube).

The further development

In 1424, many of the market's houses were destroyed by the Hussites . From 1544 to 1599 Protestant "preachers" held services in the Heinrichskirche, from 1578 there were again Catholic masses in the Nikolai Church. Three Protestant citizens of the market emigrated with their families in order to be able to remain true to their faith. 1613 Mauthausen becomes an independent parish. It is incorporated into St. Florian Monastery .

The market with its rights was given to various pawnbrokers, u. a. to the Duke of Bavaria, to the cathedral chapter of St. Stephen in Vienna and to families in the vicinity. The rule came in 1490 to Laßla Prager . He built the Pragstein Castle on a small rock island in the Danube to fortify the town . From this a little upstream a stable bridge was built over the Danube for the first time in 1505. There were always disputes between the owners of the castle and the market citizens. From 1552 to 1790 the market had its own market court.

Mauthausen after an engraving by Georg Matthäus Vischer from 1674

The peasant wars of the 16th and 17th centuries as well as the Thirty Years War and the Turkish invasions did not leave Mauthausen without a trace. The traffic situation brought soldiers through. Emperor Ferdinand II. , Emperor Leopold I , Emperor Karl VI. and Emperor Franz II visited Mauthausen.

On October 4, 1762, the six-year-old Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart visited the place on his way to the Empress Maria Theresa . Mauthausen became a princely market under Joseph II . The place was pillaged twice during the French Wars.

The "Flying Bridge" (1821), a ferry anchored at Pragstein Castle, and the railway bridge (1871/72) for the St. Valentin - Budweis railway line brought economic upswing.

Above all, however, the Mauthausen stone industry , which won the Mauthausen granite , gradually replaced the salt trade .

The 20th century

First World War

Military cemetery in Mauthausen

During the First World War there was a prisoner-of-war camp in the east of the municipality. Russians, Serbs and, above all, Italians (at times 40,000 men) were imprisoned in the wide area along the railway line. Around 9,000 were killed by an epidemic. The international military cemetery in Mauthausen commemorates them.

February 1934

The civil war-like conditions in Austria during the February days of 1934 also left their mark on Mauthausen.

Due to the concentration of working-class families, social democracy had become the determining force in Mauthausen with the introduction of general free suffrage. Clashes with the forces of the Dollfuss regime were possible at that time. On February 12, 1934, around 300 Schutzbunds gathered who kept their weapons hidden in the quarries. However, the agreed signal to strike failed and so the Schutzbunds dispersed again. When the police arrived in Mauthausen on February 16, none of them could be found.

1938 to 1945

→ Main article : Mauthausen concentration camp

As of August 8, 1938 the municipal area (Graben) was in the West Mauthausen, Austria's largest concentration camp in the Nazi era . A total of about 195,000 people were interned in the camp. Approximately 4,500 Jews were murdered by gas , at least 95,000 prisoners died, mostly from the inhumane working and imprisonment conditions in the Mauthausen granite works , which were operated by the SS next to the concentration camp.

The Mauthausen concentration camp included numerous satellite camps spread across Austria , with the Gusen concentration camp having a special status because it had formed a kind of double camp with the Mauthausen camp since 1940. US troops liberated the Mauthausen concentration camps and Gusen I, II & III on May 5, 1945. Some of the crimes committed in Mauthausen-Gusen and its satellite camps were tried in 1946 as part of the Dachau trials in the main Mauthausen trial . Today there is a memorial on the site of the former concentration camp .

Flood

Before the Danube regulation and the construction of power plants, flooding of the ship's landing and the adjoining houses was an annual occurrence that also impaired shipping and damaged the bridges. The last flood disasters occurred in 1954 and 2002. In 2010, the Machland Dam, a mobile flood protection system that offers high protection for the market town within a few hours of installation time.

politics

Mayor is Thomas Punkenhofer from the SPÖ.

List of mayors

The municipality of Haid, which was established in the area of ​​the cadastral municipality of Haid in 1850, was incorporated into the market municipality of Mauthausen, which had previously only consisted of the cadastral municipality of Mauthausen.

List of the mayors of Haid

• Georg Kühas (1850 to 1858)
• Andreas Peterseil (1858 to 1861)
• Mathias Ramer (1861 to 1894)
• Johann Zubratter (1894 to 1900)
• Johann Gassner (1900 to 1919)
• Franz Schauer (1919 to 1938)

List of mayors of Mauthausen

• Anton Poschacher (1850 to 1864)
• Johann Angermayr (1864 to 1867)
• Johann Rzidky (1867 to 1870)
• Leopold Heindl (1870 to 1909)
• Franz Perger (1909 to 1919)
• Johann Mosgöller (1919 to 1924)
• Michael Mayr (1924)
• Leopold Traxler (1924 to 1934)
• Franz Perger (1934)
• Franz Paulitschke (1934 to 1938)
• August Gattinger (1938 to 1942)
• Karl Frauscher (1942 to 1945)
• Leopold Hochgatterer (1945 to 1970)
• Josef Czerwenka (1970 to 1984)
• Josef Jahn (1984 to 1996)
• Erwin Wohlmuth (1996 to 2007)
• Thomas Punkenhofer (since 2007)

Municipal council

The municipal council and mayoral elections take place every six years together with the state elections. In 1945 the SPÖ achieved an absolute majority with 65.4% of the votes, followed by the ÖVP with 29.0% and the KPÖ with 5.5% of the votes. Since then, the SPÖ's share of the vote has ranged between 70.5% in 1967 and 39.6% in 2015. The ÖVP's share of the vote was between 32.4% in 1985 and 19.7% in 2015. The FPÖ resp. WdU and FW achieved between 22.2% in 2015 and 4.3% in 1985. The Greens have been represented in the municipal council since 2009 and achieved 10.3% (2009: 7.8%) of the votes in 2015. The Independent Citizens' List Mauthausen ran for the first time in 2015 and holds two seats with 8.3% of the votes. The voting shares of the other parties are negligible.

The municipal council consists of 31 members and since the last municipal council election in 2015 the mandate distribution was as follows:

• SPÖ 13 seats (39.6%)
• ÖVP 6 mandates (19.7%)
• FPÖ 7 mandates (22.2%)
• GREEN 3 mandates (10.3%)
• Independent Citizen List Mauthausen (UBM) 2 mandates (8.3%)

Community finances

In 2009 the market town of Mauthausen had total income of 10.5 million euros (2008: 12.0 million euros) and total expenditure of 11.5 million euros (2008: 11.8 million euros). The largest sources of income were the income shares from the financial equalization with 3.2 million euros and the municipal tax with 1.1 million euros.

Mauthausen had the fifth largest financial strength per capita in the Perg district with 952 euros and was 117th out of 445 municipalities in Upper Austria. The community debt per capita was 1,616 euros; Mauthausen was ranked 18th out of 26 municipalities in the district and 281th out of 445 municipalities in Upper Austria.

Town twinning

A partnership has existed with the Czech municipality of Prachatice since 1991 and with the Italian town of Cogollo del Cengio since 1999 .

coat of arms

Blazon of the municipal coat of arms :

"In blue on a black rock protruding from the silver, corrugated shield base with blue wavy ribbons, a silver castle building with three corner turrets and a frieze-arched coronation, black window openings, red, black pennant roofs and closed, red, iron-studded portals."

The coat of arms depicts the Pragstein Castle in its original appearance , built in 1491 on a rocky island in the Danube from Laßla from Prague , which was then separated from the bank by an arm of water .

The municipality colors are red-white-blue and were set by the municipal council on April 2, 1979 and approved by the Upper Austrian provincial government on July 9, 1979.

The oldest known market seal with the inscription “marckt. mattavsn. 1510 ”is printed on a certificate dated January 25, 1574 and shows in the coat of arms a house on a hill with two gable crosses . The coat of arms in use today can be verified for the first time by a seal with the inscription “GEMAINES. MARCKHTS. MAVTHAVSEN. INSIGL ”, which is attached to the craft regulations for bakers and butchers of 7 January 1601. In a typar with the inscription “KANZLEYSIGILL. OF . K: K: MARCKTS. MAUTHAVSEN ”appears in a further modification, a two-tower gate construction over undulating water, which can be seen on an imprint on a registration slip dated April 10, 1824.

Culture and sights, nature conservation

See also:  List of listed objects in Mauthausen

Buildings

Pragstein Castle in Mauthausen, built by Ladislaus Prager

Monolith with bicycle, green space on Heindlkai, erected in 1995 on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the liberation of the Mauthausen concentration camp

• Pragstein Castle
• Heindlkai, named after Leopold Heindl , with ten distinctive listed town houses, was formerly called Johanneskai
• Promenade with elementary school, town houses and Johannes Nepomuk statue from 1730 (this already had several installation sites in Mauthausen)
• Marketplace with market town hall from 1901 and two other listed town houses; Market fountain from 1607 and pillory from 1583
• Parish church Mauthausen , Romanesque predecessor building around 1200, late Gothic building from the 15th century with Baroque alterations from the 17th and 18th centuries, tower from the first years of the 20th century visible from afar
• Karner from the 13th century in the middle of the former cemetery with remarkable frescoes from 1260, which were rediscovered in 1907
• Heinrichskirche , originally from around the year 1000.
• Kirchenberg: former salt road, one of the first Austrian roads with "traffic light control" at the salt tower
• Former ship master's house, Geiergut, in Reiferdorf

Attractions

• Mauthausen concentration camp memorial
• Military cemetery in Mauthausen with graves of prisoners of war from the First and Second World War
• Sculptures in the municipality of Mauthausen that were created at a symposium with six sculptors held on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the liberation of the Mauthausen concentration camp from the market town of Mauthausen, including a monolith with a bicycle that was set up on the green area at Heindlkai

In connection with the concentration camp memorial and the military cemetery in Mauthausen, national events and exhibitions take place regularly.

Museums

• The local pharmacist family has made their pharmaceutical history collection available as a basis for the Mauthausen Pharmacy Museum in Pragstein Castle .
• The local museum u. a. with a true-to-scale replica of a ship train, and the Hunting Trophy Museum. Salt trade, salt transport and granite mining shape the history of the Danube market in Mauthausen. Most of the exhibits in the trophy museum come from the possession of the Helbich-Poschacher family and include both domestic and exotic hunting trophies.
• The Hans Gerstmayr Museum with steel cuts is also located in Pragstein Castle .
• The Kleinst-Schuster-Museum documents the work of the “Schuster zu Mauthausen” based on an idea by Ignaz-Johann Tischberger.

Cinema, theater, music, literature, culture

The Mauthausen cinema was located in the center of the village and ended its gaming operations at the end of the 1960s. After a revitalization, the rooms will be used as a place of cabaret and small culture for various events.

In 2009, on the initiative of Martin Dreiling, the Mauthausen Court Theater succeeded the Theater im Hof ​​in the previous venue in the Green House, which was once again playable after various renovations.

In 1882 the band was taken over by the Mauthausen market community. During the First World War the music business came to a complete standstill. After that there was a burgher band and a workers band that were merged in 1939. It currently consists of around fifty musicians and has an independent youth ensemble, the “Notenfressern”.

The parish choir (musica viva) has been under the direction of Alfred Hochedlinger for thirty years . The choir began as a youth choir in 1981 and developed into the parish choir musica viva in 1996. In addition to around 40 active members, the choir also has around 80 supporting members. A new organ built by Rieger-Orgelbau in Schwarzach / Vorarlberg has been available in the church since 2000. Individual concerts were also documented on CD or music cassettes.

The Mauthausen Singing Circle was founded in 1860 as the Mauthausen Liedertafel, with a small group also forming the church choir. In 1937 the Liedertafel dissolved, while the church choir continued to exist. It was not until 1973 that the Mauthausen Singing Circle was founded, which was organized as a club in 1997 and became part of Upper Austria. Choir Association joined.

The Mauthausen cultural group was founded in 1984 and aims to expand the cultural offerings in Mauthausen with concerts, readings, lectures, exhibitions, vernissages, cabarets and opera tours.

Since 2009, the community has been promoting the local associations with the cultural promotion award, which is named after the late artist Ingrid Steininger . The 2009 prize winners were the young musicians from Marktmusik Mauthausen, who call themselves “Die Notenfresser”. In 2010 the prize went to the parish choir “musica viva” for the cantata “Homo homini lupus” composed by Alfred Hochedlinger and written by Werner Wöckinger .

Eckhard Oberklammer has created an art guide for the Perg district, where all art-historically relevant places are presented, the works of art are explained and documented with photos. Gregor Riegler , who has lived in Mauthausen since 1974 , was awarded the first prize of the Leopold Wandl Prize in 1993 and 2006 . Leopold Wandl (1923–2009), born in Mauthausen, was one of the most prominent poets in Upper Austria with 27 published works. Werner Wöckinger writes books for children and adults as well as plays, presentations and texts for the parish choir.

Regular events

With the Donausaal, Mauthausen has had an event center since 2005, which is used for numerous local events such as balls, concerts, theater performances, congresses, company celebrations, Christmas parties, presentations, sales events and trade fairs. The 425 m² large hall for a maximum of 408 people can be divided into a medium one with 246 m² for a maximum of 242 people and a small one with 179 m² for a maximum of 154 people.

Events also take place in the parish hall, in Pragstein Castle and in guest houses.

natural reserve

The two plane trees on the market square

Two linden trees near the Kalvarienberg chapel , two plane trees on the market square , a lime tree in the vineyard settlement and a plane tree in the local cemetery are registered as natural monuments in the nature protection book of the Upper Austrian provincial government .

Sports

For the local population, the market town operates a solar-heated outdoor adventure pool with a beach volleyball and bocce court, a skater area and a sauna. The local sports clubs ASKÖ Mauthausen and DSG Union Mauthausen have football, tennis and fistball courts as well as a tennis hall. There are marked local cycling and hiking trails in the municipality.

In 1996/97 the table tennis section reached Austria's highest performance class for the first time with the State League A. In 2003 the club was in the ETTU-Nancy-Evans Cup after winning the group in the round of 16. In the years that followed, the team in the 1st Bundesliga was always at the forefront.

The tennis section of Union Mauthausen was able to achieve the national championship title in the Upper Austrian team championship for the first time in 2012.

Mauthausen is located directly on the Danube Cycle Path , the Donausteig and the Jakobsweg Austria .

Economy and Infrastructure

Employment and income

The number of workplaces rose by 21.8% to 218 between the last two censuses in 1991 and 2001. The number of workplaces rose by 18.8% to 1,719 in the same period.

In 2001, Mauthausen provided jobs for 1,134 people living outside the municipality, while 1,515 Mauthausen residents worked outside the community. More than half of the in-commuters come from the Perg district, while only around 30% of the out-commuters stay within the boundaries of the district. The main focus of commuter destinations is in Upper Austria in the Linz Stadt district, followed by Linz-Land, and in Lower Austria in the Amstetten district.

In 2001, 1.5% of those employed in Mauthausen were employed in agriculture and forestry . In 2001 38.0% were employed in industry , trade and construction . The proportion has decreased significantly compared to 1991 and 1981, while the proportion of people working in the service sector has increased significantly.

The employment rate in Mauthausen was 49.6% in 2006, higher than the Upper Austrian average, as was the labor market integration of both genders. The employment rate for men was 55.7% and that for women 44.0%.

traffic

Mauthausen lies at the intersection of major traffic arteries from north to south and from west to east. The market town is located directly on the Donauuferbahn , on Donau Straße B 3 and Mauthausener Straße B 123. The hinterland is accessed by state roads.

The Danube bridge for general traffic is heavily frequented by traffic in the direction of Sankt Valentin and in particular in the direction of Enns with around 20,000 vehicles per day and is to be relocated and renewed in the next few years.

The next connection points to the Westautobahn are at St. Valentin as well as in Enns and Asten , whereby the journey time hardly takes more than ten minutes.

Trains run to the east to Grein Stadt, St. Nikola-Struden and Sarmingstein, and to the west to St. Valentin or Linz Hauptbahnhof. There is a connection to the long-distance train network of the Austrian Federal Railways via the St. Valentin and Linz Hauptbahnhof stations . Due to cost-saving measures, the Sarmingstein - Emmersdorf an der Donau route was only used in summer by the Strudengau and Wachau tourist adventure trains running between Linz and Krems an der Donau via the Ennsdorf loop and finally stopped in 2010. The new Ennsdorfer Loop has been in operation since December 11, 2005. It is used daily by several trains on the Linz Hauptbahnhof - Sarmingstein route, which only stop at selected stations and stops. There are also trains to St. Valentin.

There are bus connections to Enns and Linz as well as to places in the districts of Perg and Freistadt from various stops in the municipality of Mauthausen .

Energy and infrastructure

The municipality is supplied with electrical energy by Linz-Strom . The place is on the network of Upper Austria. Ferngas AG connected. Wastewater is disposed of by the Mauthausen-Ost purification association, which has been part of Mauthausen since 1975 and the municipalities of Schwertberg, Langenstein, Ried in der Riedmark and, since 1980, the municipality of Naarn. The water supply is provided by the local waterworks.

The Mauthausen biomass heating plant in the industrial park

Mauthausen has been supplied with district heating from biomass since 2009 . Customers in residential buildings, single-family houses, schools, kindergartens, the large Donaupark shopping center and commercial establishments use this option of heat supply. The system has an output of 4,500 kW connected load and is supplied with wood chips by farmers from the region around Langenstein and Mauthausen.

Cable TV , telephone and Internet are offered through LIWEST , but the majority of the residents are equipped with satellite reception systems and have landline or mobile phone connections from various providers.

The Mauthausen Voluntary Fire Brigade was founded in 1870. Fire-fighting equipment was already in place on the market before and every homeowner had to own and maintain fire-fighting equipment. In 1955 the fire brigade moved into a new fire station, which was extended in 1979.

The Haid volunteer fire brigade has existed since 1892 and was given a depot in Albern when it was founded. Due to the ongoing floods, a water weir was set up in 1901. In 1902 the decision was made to build a new depot opposite the sawmill. Another depot is being built in Althart for the newly established fire scrap. In 1924 Haid got his own fire department music. The fire brigade in Haid, which was very limited during the war, resulted in a rebuilding in 1946 and in 1953 in the construction of a new fire station, which was rebuilt and expanded in 1977 and 1981. In 2003 a new armory was set up on the neighboring property. In 2006 the old armory was sold and the new one was expanded.

education

Mauthausen primary school

Mauthausen has one elementary school and one secondary school in the compulsory school area . Attending middle and higher schools is possible in the district capital Perg or in the provincial capital Linz as well as at other school locations in the area.

Local facilities for adult education ( adult education center and Catholic educational institute as well as WIFI and BFI ) as well as a state music school complete the educational offer.

In addition to community facilities, there are also private childcare facilities for preschool childcare.

Companies

In addition to the local small and medium-sized enterprises, numerous supraregional trading enterprises are represented in Mauthausen, whereby the enterprises are mainly located in the center of the village, in the Danube Park and along Donau Straße.

The Mauthausen stone industry , which was important in the 19th and the first decades of the 20th century, has completely lost its importance for the economy of the market town.

Agriculture and Forestry

In 1999 there were 67 agricultural and forestry holdings in Mauthausen, cultivating an area of ​​1,688 hectares. Of these, 28 were  full-time farms with 719 hectares and 39 part-time  farms with 969 hectares.

As everywhere at the district and state level, both the number of farms and the cultivated agricultural and forestry areas have decreased compared to the previous survey time in 1995. The number of full-time farms and the areas cultivated by them have increased at the expense of the part-time farms. In 1999, 184 people were employed in agriculture and forestry in Mauthausen, 176 of them family workers, of which 18 were fully employed. 89 worked in agriculture for less than 25% of their working time, the remaining 79 between 25 and 99%.

tourism

The Mauthausen Tourist Association coordinates the municipality's tourist activities and operates its own website for this purpose. The guests of the market include business travelers on the one hand, visitors to the concentration camp memorial and, on the other hand, users of the Danube Cycle Path and the Donausteig , with mostly day visitors coming to the place.

In the tourism year 2010 (November 2009 to October 2010) a total of 4,084 overnight stays with an average of 1.21 days were recorded in the market town. 27% of the overnight stays were for domestic and 73% for foreign guests.

Personalities

Personalities associated with Mauthausen

• Erwin Buchinger (* 1955 in Mauthausen), Austrian politician (SPÖ)
• Hans Gerstmayr (1882–1987), engraver, artist, lived and worked in Mauthausen
• Otto Guem (1899–1976), Austrian author and lawyer, was a notary in Mauthausen from 1940 to the early 1960s
• Leopold Heindl (1834–1911), Upper Austria. Member of the state parliament, mayor of Mauthausen, owner of granite works and real estate, holder of the golden cross of merit with the crown
• Ignaz Hinterleithner (1898–1973) school teacher in Mauthausen, member of the National Council and mayor of Lambach
• Alfred Hochedlinger (* 1963), Austrian religious and music pedagogue, church musician and composer, lives and works in Mauthausen
• Gertraud Jahn (* 1957), Upper Austria. Member of the state parliament (SPÖ), lives in Mauthausen
• Kurt Lettner (* 1937 in Bad Kreuzen), court sworn and certified expert, publications on the subject of concentration camps
• Magic Christian (actually Christian Stelzel, * 1945 in Mauthausen), Austrian magician, designer and author
• Alexander Nerat (* 1973), Austrian politician (FPÖ), lives in Mauthausen
• Eckhard Oberklammer (* 1945), former managing director of Sparda-Bank Linz , former SPö municipal councilor in Mauthausen and volunteer in regional cultural associations
• Werner Raffetseder (* 1955 in Mauthausen), author and multimedia artist
• Ferdinand Reisinger (* 1946 in Mauthausen), Catholic theologian and priest
• Gregor Riegler (* 1950), dialect poet and pub poet, multiple Leopold Wandl Prize winner , lives in Mauthausen
• Ingrid Steininger (1940–1998), ceramicist, sculptor, graphic artist, lived and worked in Mauthausen
• Michael Strugl (* 1963), Austrian politician (ÖVP), was a local councilor in Mauthausen from 2001
• Leopold Wandl (* 1923 in Mauthausen; † 2009), Upper Austrian writer and dialect poet
• Anton Werkgartner (* 1890 in Mauthausen; † 1970), Austrian forensic doctor
• Brigitte Wohlmuth (* 1945), Austrian politician (SPÖ), holder of the Ring of Honor of the market town of Mauthausen and the Golden Decoration of Honor of the State of Upper Austria
• Ding Yi (* 1959), Austrian table tennis player from China

Individual members of the Poschacher family

• Anton Poschacher (1812–1873), Austrian industrialist, founder of A. Poschacher Granitwerke , a leading company in the Mauthausen stone industry
• Anton Poschacher (1841–1904), architect, civil engineer, Austrian industrialist, sole owner of the stock corporation for roads and bridges , the largest granite works of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy , co-founder of the Wiener Trabrennverein and the Wiener Künstlerhaus
• Anton Poschacher (industrialist, 1889) (1889–1967), industrialist, headed the Poschacher company from 1913 to 1954
• Anton Helbich-Poschacher (* 1954), Austrian lawyer, master stonemason and industrialist
• Burgl Helbich-Poschacher (1929–2010), founder of the AIDS service Malteser
• Leonhard Helbich-Poschacher (* 1955), Austrian lawyer, master roofer and building materials dealer
• Leopold Helbich (1926–2004), master stonemason, industrialist, politician
• Marialuise Poschacher (1886–1965) in Mauthausen, academic sculptor and architect, daughter of Anton Poschacher (1841–1904) and Luise Poschacher, b. Ried from Vienna (1857-1933)

Honorary citizen of Mauthausen

• Leopold Heindl
• Hans Gerstmayr , Austrian engraver and artist (1972), is also the Mauthausen Ring Bearer
• Karl Niederberger (* February 20, 1891; † November 5, 1975), was a local doctor in Mauthausen from 1918 to 1945, a local councilor, member of the state parliament from 1934 to 1938 (liberal professions), from 1950 to 1970 president of the Medical Association for Upper Austria, holder of the Great Medal of Honor for services to the Republic of Austria (1961), honorary member of the Medical Society for Upper Austria (1958)
• Leopold Hochgatterer (born April 11, 1899 in Waldhausen im Strudengau; † March 13, 1971 in Mauthausen), mayor from 1945 to 1970, member of the state parliament from 1945 to 1966, holder of the golden medal of merit of the Republic of Austria, holder of the Victor Adler plaque of the SPÖ
• Ludwig Hüttner (* 1902 Kremsmünster; † 1971 Mauthausen), pastor and dean
• Josef Czerwenka , was mayor of Mauthausen from 1970 to 1984 (1983), is also the honorary ring bearer of Mauthausen
• Erich Neumüller (* 1930 Mauthausen; † 2019 Mauthausen), honorary ring holder of Mauthausen, holder of the silver medal of merit of the state of Upper Austria, holder of the Viktor Adler plaque of the SPÖ
• Karl Aichinger, a local politician for more than 33 years, including 11 years as Vice Mayor of Mauthausen (2006)
• Johann Fürst, was pastor of Mauthausen for 19 years (2008)
• Erwin Wohlmuth, was mayor of Mauthausen for many years (2008)

Honorary ring bearer

• Franz Hackl
• Kurt Lettner (1988), consultant to Upper Austria since 1985. Provincial government and holder of the Silver Medal of Merit of the Province of Upper Austria
• Karl Mitterlehner
• Johann Panhofer (2013), local history researcher, consultant for Upper Austria since 2016. State government
• Josef Stummer (2013), local history researcher, consultant for Upper Austria since 2016. State government
• Franz Winklehner
• Brigitte Wohlmuth (2007), member of the state parliament from 1991 to 2003 and holder of the Golden Medal of Honor of the State of Upper Austria (2004)

literature

• Alfred Hochedlinger : Parish Church of St. Nikolaus in Mauthausen , Christian Art Sites Austria, No. 394, Salzburg 2003.
• Office of Upper Austria. State government, culture department (editor): The Mühlviertel, nature, culture, life , catalog and articles, Linz 1988.
• Dehio manual: Upper Austria , Volume 1, Mühlviertel, Horn-Vienna 2003.
• Market community Mauthausen (editor): Heimatbuch Mauthausen , Mauthausen 1985.
• Josef Mayr: History of the Mauthausen market , Mauthausen 1908.
• Benno Ulm : The Mühlviertel. His works of art, historical forms of life and settlement , Salzburg 1976.
• Verein Heimatbuch Perg (publisher): Our homeland - The district of Perg , Perg 1995.

Web links

Commons : Mauthausen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Wikisource: Matthausen in the Topographia Austriacarum (Matthäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

• Entry on Mauthausen in the Austria Forum  (in the AEIOU Austria Lexicon )
• Map in the Digital Upper Austrian Room Information System ( DORIS )
• Further information about the municipality of Mauthausen can be found on the geographic information system of the federal state of Upper Austria .
• 41111 - Mauthausen. Community data, Statistics Austria .
• Mauthausen community
• Mauthausen concentration camp memorial
• Mauthausen tourist office

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Hermann Kohl: The lifeless nature , in: Land Oberösterreich (editor): Das Mühlviertel, Nature-Culture-Life, contributions to the state exhibition in 1988 in Schloss Weinberg near Kefermarkt, Linz 1988, p. 41ff.
2. ↑ Statistics Austria: Population on January 1st, 2020 by locality (area status on January 1st, 2020) , ( CSV )
3. ↑ Statistics Austria: Population development of Mauthausen PDF
4. ↑ Ortlexikon Oberösterreich Part 2 ( Memento of the original from October 19, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. PDF 
5. ↑ Statistics Austria: A look at the Mauthausen community, population status and structure PDF
6. ↑ Statistics Austria: A look at the community of Mauthausen Education (PDF)
7. ↑ ^{a b c} Statistics Austria table: A look at the municipality Demographic data (PDF)
8. ↑ Deanery Perg: Parishes of the Deanery Perg. Accessed on April 18, 2009. ( Memento of the original from October 17, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
9. ^ Constitution of Duke Leopold of Austria and Styria of July 9, 1192 for the citizens of the city of Regensburg who trade to Austria. Cf. Andreas von Meiller : Austrian city rights and statutes from the time of the Babenbergs. In: Archive for customer Austrian historical sources of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, tenth volume. Vienna 1853. page 95
10. ↑ Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for the History of the Labor Movement: “There is no longer any negotiation…” Gutenberg Druckerei, Linz 1984, p. 68.
11. ^ Foundation of the Haid community
12. ↑ Mayor of the community of Mauthausen
13. ↑ Elections in Mauthausen (PDF)
14. ↑ DORIS: Archived copy ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
15. ↑ Mauthausen coat of arms
16. ^ Karl M. Swoboda: About the late Romanesque wall paintings in the Karner von Mauthausen. In: Yearbook of the Upper Austrian Museum Association. Year 90, Linz 1942, pp. 287–290 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ; with 4 images).
17. ↑ Natural monuments in Mauthausen
18. ↑ Statistics Austria: View of the community - workplaces and employees compared 2001 to 1991. Accessed on March 6, 2011. (PDF; 8 kB)
19. ↑ Statistics Austria: View of the municipality of Mauthausen commuters by commuting destination (PDF; 14 kB)
20. ↑ Province of Upper Austria Employed persons by economic sector  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Accessed March 6, 2011.  
21. ↑ Statistics Austria employment status (PDF; 10 kB), accessed on March 6, 2011.
22. ↑ Mayor's letter , issue 5/2010 of June 28, 2010, page 2 (PDF; 2.1 MB), accessed on August 18, 2010
23. ↑ Bernhard Leitner: OBERÖSTERREICHISCHE NACHRICHTEN, February 26, 2009 query from September 12, 2010.
24. ↑ Report on the biomass heating plant, zek Zukunftsenergie und Kommunaltechnik  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 1.9 MB), accessed on September 11, 2010.  
25. ^ Statistics Austria: A look at the municipality of Mauthausen, agricultural and forestry businesses by type of employment PDF
26. ↑ Regional database of the province of Upper Austria agricultural statistics - land use  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
27. ↑ DORIS: Tourism statistics  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.