European elections 2014
European elections 2014 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Composition of parliament according to political groups |
||||
EPP | Christian Democrats , Conservatives | 221 | −53 | |
S&D | Social democrats | 191 | - | 4th|
EKR | Conservatives , EU skeptics | 70 | +13 | |
ALDE | Liberals , centrists | 67 | −16 | |
VEL / NGL | Leftists , communists , leftist socialists | 52 | +17 | |
Greens / EFA | Greens , regionalists | 50 | - | 8|
EFDD | EU skeptics , populists | 48 | +17 | |
Non-attached | 52 | +19 | ||
total | 751 | −15 |
The 2014 European elections were the eighth European elections in which the European Parliament was directly elected. In accordance with the provisions in the direct election file , it took place between Thursday, May 22nd and Sunday, May 25th, 2014 . In Germany , Austria , Belgium and Luxembourg , elections took place on May 25, 2014.
It was the first European elections after the Treaty of Lisbon came into force , so that for the first time the redistribution of the number of seats per country was applicable. The next election of the EU Parliament was the 2019 European elections .
Election date
In accordance with Articles 10 and 11 of the Direct Election Act, the election took place exactly five years after the previous European elections, between Thursday and Sunday. Since the 2009 European elections fell on June 4-7, 2009, the 2014 European elections should have taken place between June 5-8, 2014. A unanimous decision by the Council of the EU , which must be taken at least a year before the scheduled date, could move the date of the election up to two months forward or one month back; in any case, it had to cover a period from Thursday to Sunday. With its resolution of 22 November 2012 on the elections to the European Parliament in 2014 (2012/2829 (RSP)), the European Parliament called on the Council to suspend the European elections either on May 15-18 or on May 22nd May 25, 2014 preferable. On June 14, 2013, the council decided to hold the elections from May 22-25, 2014.
Each member state of the European Union can decide within this period when the polling stations are open in their own country. The exact voting date therefore follows the respective traditions in the individual countries: In Germany, the election took place on Sunday, May 25, 2014, in Austria and other countries, too, votes are usually held on Sundays, in Great Britain and the Netherlands, however, on Thursdays.
The date was also used for other elections in some countries. For example, in Belgium the election of the Chamber of Deputies and the election of the parliament of the German-speaking community and in Hamburg the elections to the district assemblies took place by law parallel to the European elections. Local elections were held in parts of Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom and Greece .
May 22 | 23. May | May 24th | 25. May |
---|---|---|---|
Netherlands , United Kingdom | Ireland | Latvia , Malta , Slovakia , French overseas territories | Belgium , Bulgaria , Denmark , Germany , Estonia , Finland , France (excluding overseas territories), Greece , Italy , Croatia , Lithuania , Luxembourg , Austria , Poland , Portugal , Romania , Sweden , Slovenia , Spain , Hungary , Cyprus |
Czech Republic |
Election mode
Member State | 2009 | 2011/13 | 2014 |
---|---|---|---|
Belgium | 22nd | 22nd | 21st |
Bulgaria | 17th | 18th | 17th |
Denmark | 13 | 13 | 13 |
Germany | 99 | 99 | 96 |
Estonia | 6th | 6th | 6th |
Finland | 13 | 13 | 13 |
France | 72 | 74 | 74 |
Greece | 22nd | 22nd | 21st |
Ireland | 12 | 12 | 11 |
Italy | 72 | 73 | 73 |
Croatia | - | (12) | 11 |
Latvia | 8th | 9 | 8th |
Lithuania | 12 | 12 | 11 |
Luxembourg | 6th | 6th | 6th |
Malta | 5 | 6th | 6th |
Netherlands | 25th | 26th | 26th |
Austria | 17th | 19th | 18th |
Poland | 50 | 51 | 51 |
Portugal | 22nd | 22nd | 21st |
Romania | 33 | 33 | 32 |
Sweden | 18th | 20th | 20th |
Slovakia | 13 | 13 | 13 |
Slovenia | 7th | 8th | 8th |
Spain | 50 | 54 | 54 |
Czech Republic | 22nd | 22nd | 21st |
Hungary | 22nd | 22nd | 21st |
United Kingdom | 72 | 73 | 73 |
Cyprus | 6th | 6th | 6th |
Total: | 736 | 754/766 | 751 |
Applicable suffrage
According to the existing European electoral law, each Member State has a fixed number of seats, whereby, according to the principle of degressive proportionality, countries with many inhabitants generally have more seats than countries with fewer inhabitants. However, states with few inhabitants have more seats per inhabitant than states with many inhabitants. All EU citizens above a certain age limit, which each country could determine itself, were eligible to vote and to vote . Union citizens who were not citizens of the country in which they live were free to choose whether to vote in the country of their citizenship or their place of residence. Citizens with multiple nationalities could also choose which of these countries they wanted to vote in. The electoral system in all countries is proportional representation , whereby the threshold clause may not exceed five percent. However, it is up to the Member States to determine the exact details.
Community law foundations for the 2014 European elections are:
- the Treaty on European Union (in particular Art. 14 Paragraphs 2 and 3),
- the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (in particular Art. 223 paragraph 1),
- the direct election act - decision and act introducing general direct elections for members of the European Parliament ,
- Council Directive 93/109 / EC of 6 December 1993 on the details of exercising the right to vote and stand as a candidate in elections to the European Parliament for Union citizens residing in a member state of which they are not a national in the consolidated version of 27 January 2013 .
Distribution of the seats among the member countries
With the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon , the total number of members of the European Parliament was increased from 736 to 751. Eleven countries were therefore able to send a total of 18 additional MEPs (see “Additional members after the Treaty of Lisbon came into force” ). At the same time, the maximum number per country was set at 96. Germany, however, was the only country affected to retain its 99 seats until the new elections in 2014. With the accession of Croatia on July 1, 2013, this country can send twelve members to the European Parliament. This increased the number of MPs to 766.
For the 2014 election, the number was adjusted back to 751 mandates. In addition, the European Parliament launched an initiative to comprehensively reform European electoral law before the 2014 election. Some of the MEPs should no longer be elected within the framework of national seat contingents, but rather from common Europe-wide lists. For this purpose 25 additional seats were planned, for which every political party at European level and every political group in the European Parliament can propose a list of candidates. In addition, the national seat contingents should be recalculated and more uniform rules should be drawn up for their election, such as a uniform election date and clearer guidelines for structuring the proportional representation system. A corresponding proposal was introduced in 2008 by Andrew Duff , Parliament's rapporteur responsible , and adopted by the Committee on Constitutional Affairs in April 2011 . However, such a reform would have made it necessary to change the EU Treaty and would therefore have had to be ratified by all EU member states. The proposal was eventually dropped. Likewise, another proposal by Duff to distribute the seats was not accepted.
At the suggestion of Roberto Gualtieri and Rafał Trzaskowski , the following initiative was presented to the European Council: Croatia will be allocated eleven seats in accordance with the "degressive proportionality" provided for in the Lisbon Treaty. Eleven countries which, according to the degressive proportionality and taking into account the minimum number of six seats, have too many mandates, each have to give up one of their previous seats. This proposal was adopted by the European Council on June 28, 2013.
Special regulations of the member countries
Different seat allocation procedures applied in the individual countries . The most common method used was the D'Hondt method ; it has been used in 17 countries. The Hare-Niemeyer procedure , the Sainte-Laguë procedure or the transferable individual voting procedure (STV) were used in three countries . The quota system with droop quota was used in two countries . In one country the Enishimeni-Analogiki procedure was used.
Germany
With its judgment (file number 2 BvC 4/10, 2 BvC 6/10 and 2 BvC 8/10) of November 9, 2011, the Federal Constitutional Court declared the previous five percent threshold in European elections to be unconstitutional. Among other things, 2.8 million votes were not taken into account in the last election in 2009. The verdict was borne by five of the eight judges. The judges Rudolf Mellinghoff and Udo Di Fabio criticized the verdict of their colleagues in a separate vote. In their opinion, the threshold clause was permissible because it is intended to reduce the functional impairment of the EU Parliament.
As a result, on June 13, 2013 , the Bundestag passed a three percent threshold for the elections to the European Parliament with the votes of the CDU , CSU , FDP , SPD and Greens . On the other hand, the association Mehr Demokratie lodged a constitutional complaint . Several small parties submitted organ dispute proceedings to the Federal Constitutional Court . On December 18, 2013, the Federal Constitutional Court heard the complaints orally. On February 26, 2014, three months before the election (May 25), the Federal Constitutional Court also declared the three percent hurdle to be unconstitutional and null and void .
German legal bases for the 2014 European elections are the European Election Act (EuWG), the European Election Code (EuWO), the Election Statistics Act (WStatG) and the European Parliament Act (EuAbgG).
Italy
A threshold clause has been in place in Italy since 2009. It is 4 percent to take account of the strong fragmentation of the Italian political landscape. It was contested but not overturned until the 2014 European elections. Parties that do not have a seat in the European Parliament or in one of the two houses of the Italian Parliament must collect 30,000 support signatures to be admitted.
Selection mode overview table
EU country | Seats |
Election day |
Voting age (active / passive) |
Constituencies |
Preferential vote |
PANA sheer |
blocking clause |
Seat allocation procedure |
Elective compulsory |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Belgium | 21st | So | 18/21 | 3 | Yes | No | No | D'Hondt | Yes |
Bulgaria | 17th | So | 18/21 | 1 | Yes | No | Hare rate (~ 5.88%) |
Hare / Niemeyer | No |
Denmark | 13 | So | 18/18 | 1 | Yes | No | No | D'Hondt | No |
Germany | 96 | So | 18/18 | 16 * | No | No | No | Sainte-Laguë | No |
Estonia | 6th | So | 18/21 | 1 | No | No | No | D'Hondt | No |
Finland | 13 | So | 18/18 | 1 | Yes | No | No | D'Hondt | No |
France | 74 | Sat + Sun | 18/23 | 8th | No | No | 5% per constituency |
D'Hondt | No |
Greece | 21st | So | 18/25 | 1 | No | No | 3% |
Enishimeni Analogiki |
Yes |
Ireland | 11 | Fr. | 18/21 | 3 | Yes | Yes | No | STV | No |
Italy | 73 | So | 18/25 | * | 5Yes | No | 4% nationwide | Hare / Niemeyer | No |
Croatia | 11 | So | 18/18 | 1 | Yes | No | 5% | D'Hondt | No |
Latvia | 8th | Sat | 18/21 | 1 | Yes | No | 5% | Sainte-Laguë | No |
Lithuania | 11 | So | 18/21 | 1 | Yes | No | 5% | Hare / Niemeyer | No |
Luxembourg | 6th | So | 18/18 | 1 | Yes | Yes | No | D'Hondt | Yes |
Malta | 6th | Sat | 18/18 | 1 | Yes | Yes | No | STV | No |
Netherlands | 26th | do | 18/18 | 1 | Yes | No | Hare rate (~ 3.85%) |
D'Hondt (sub-distribution: Hare / Niemeyer) |
No |
Austria | 18th | So | 16/18 | 1 | Yes | No | 4% | D'Hondt | No |
Poland | 51 | So | 18/21 | 13 * | No | No | 5% nationwide |
D'Hondt (sub-distribution: Hare / Niemeyer) |
No |
Portugal | 21st | So | 18/18 | 1 | No | No | No | D'Hondt | No |
Romania | 32 | So | 18/23 | 1 | No | No | 5% | D'Hondt | No |
Sweden | 20th | So | 18/18 | 1 | Yes | No | 4% | Sainte-Laguë (modified) |
No |
Slovakia | 13 | Sat | 18/21 | 1 | Yes | No | 5% |
Quota procedure with droop quota |
No |
Slovenia | 8th | So | 18/18 | 1 | Yes | No | 4% | D'Hondt | No |
Spain | 54 | So | 18/18 | 1 | No | No | No | D'Hondt | No |
Czech Republic | 21st | Fri + Sat | 18/21 | 1 | Yes | No | 5% | D'Hondt | No |
Hungary | 21st | So | 18/18 | 1 | No | No | 5% | D'Hondt | No |
United Kingdom : Great Britain | 73 | do | 18/21 | 11 | No | No | No | D'Hondt | No |
United Kingdom : Northern Ireland | 1 | No | No | STV | |||||
Cyprus | 6th | So | 18/25 | 1 | Yes | No | No | Quota procedure with droop quota |
Yes |
Parties and candidates
Jean-Claude Juncker | Martin Schulz | Guy Verhofstadt |
Ska Keller José Bové |
Alexis Tsipras |
Peter Sunde Amelia Andersdotter |
Christian Democrats ( EPP ) | Social Democrats ( PES ) | Liberals ( ALDE , EDP ) | Greens ( EGP ) | Left ( EL ) | Pirates ( PPEU ) |
National parties competed in the European elections in the 28 member states. However, some of these had come together to form political parties at the European level or European parties . The Treaty of Lisbon , which came into force on December 1, 2009, stipulates that the European Parliament elects the President of the European Commission proposed (by the European Council). When making the proposal, the European Council must take into account the result of the European elections (cf. Art. 17 (7) TEU). The major European parties had therefore announced that they would put up candidates for the office of Commission President before the election . Only Jean-Claude Juncker and Martin Schulz were given realistic chances.
European People's Party
The Christian Democratic and conservative European People's Party (EPP) is the European party with the strongest votes in the European Parliament - the EPP party had 221 members. The EPP's top candidate was nominated at a congress on March 6th in Dublin . Former Luxembourg Prime Minister and Euro Group leader Jean-Claude Juncker was considered the favorite in the run-up to the election. EU Internal Market Commissioner Michel Barnier was a further candidate . Former Latvian Prime Minister Valdis Dombrovskis withdrew his candidacy the day before the election. Juncker was eventually elected with 382 votes. Barnier received 245 votes. In Germany, the EPP CDU (except in Bavaria) and CSU (only in Bavaria) and in Austria the ÖVP .
European Social Democratic Party
The Party of European Socialists (PES) is the second largest party at European level. It was represented by 192 MEPs in the European Parliament and 196 MEPs in the Group of the Progressive Alliance of Social Democrats (S&D). The PES candidate for Commission President was EU Parliament President Martin Schulz . The German member is the SPD , the Austrian the SPÖ .
Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe
The liberal party Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE) was the third largest European party with 73 MEPs (83 in the ALDE group ) before the election. Your top candidates are the ALDE parliamentary group leader and former Belgian Prime Minister Guy Verhofstadt , as well as the Vice President of the EU Commission Olli Rehn . ALDE is represented in Germany by the FDP . Austrian member is NEOS . The non-party Angelika Werthmann (formerly list Dr. Martin , now BZÖ ) was a member of the ALDE Group.
Alliance of European Conservatives and Reformers
The conservative and EU-skeptical Alliance of European Conservatives and Reformists ( AEKR) was previously represented in the European Parliament with 54 members, while its European Conservatives and Reformists (EKR) group had 57 members. The AEKR had not nominated a candidate for Commission President because in its opinion the nomination of candidates by European parties lacked public and legal legitimacy. The listing of Spitzenkandidaten would be subject to a federal principle, which is neither to be found in the EU treaties nor desired by the population of the member states. Until 2014, the AEKR was mainly supported by the British Conservatives , Polish Law and Justice and the Czech Democratic Citizens Party .
European Green Party
The European Green Party (EGP) had 44 members in the European Parliament. In the joint group with the European Free Alliance G / EFA there were 52 parliamentarians. The Greens determined their two top candidates in a Europe-wide online area code. Candidates were José Bové , Rebecca Harms , Monica Frassoni and Ska Keller . The German Ska Keller was elected ahead of the French José Bové. German members of the EGP are Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen , Austrian Die Grünen - Die Grüne Alternative .
European left
The European Left (EL) had 15 members in the European Parliament before the election. The Confederal Group of the European United Left / Nordic Green Left (GUE / NGL) had 35 members. At the meeting of the Council of Party Chairs of the EL on October 19, 2013 in Madrid, it was decided to elect a common candidate for the office of Chair of the EU Commission in order to prevent “the forces responsible for the crisis” from obtained a monopoly during the election campaign. At the next party congress on December 13-15, 2013 in Madrid, the council decided to propose the candidacy of Alexis Tsipras , as he is “the voice of resistance and hope against ultra-liberal politics and the extreme right”. The German member is Die Linke , in Austria the Communist Party of Austria , which competes differently within the electoral alliance Europe . The German Communist Party is an observer.
Europe of freedom and democracy
The EU-skeptical Movement for a Europe of Freedom and Democracy (MELD) was founded by some of the members of the Europe of Freedom and Democracy (EFD) group. MELD had 26 members of the European Parliament. The EFD, which also includes UKIP , was the smallest political group with 31 members. The Austrian non-attached MEP Ewald Stadler ( REKOS ) belongs to MELD .
European Free Alliance
The European Free Alliance (EFA) is a European political party that comprises national, regional and autonomous parties of the European Union. The European Free Alliance had seven MEPs before the election and was able to increase the number of seats to eleven. These traditionally belong to the Greens / EFA group. In Germany, the Bavarian Party stood for the EFA.
European pirate party
The European Pirate Party (PPEU) was represented before the election with two deputies from Sweden in the European Parliament, the Greens / EFA group had joined. The PPEU has nominated Swedish MEP Amelia Andersdotter and The Pirate Bay co-founder Peter Sunde as candidates for the office of Commission President. The German member is the Pirate Party Germany , the Austrian member is the Pirate Party of Austria , which started differently in the electoral alliance Europe .
European Alliance for Freedom
The parties of the right-wing populist European Alliance for Freedom (EAF) were represented by seven non-attached members in the European Parliament. The parties involved in the EAF, Front National , Freedom Party of Austria , Vlaams Belang and Sweden Democrats had announced that they would form an alliance with other parties for the European elections. In June 2015, the Europe of Nations and Freedom Group was formed , which is mainly supported by members of the EAF and the MENL, which was founded in October 2014 . The EAF did not nominate a candidate for the Commission President.
Other parties
- The centrist European Democratic Party (EDP) had twelve members in the European Parliament before the election. She has been in a joint group with the ALDE since 2004, but some members also belong to the EPP group. Like the ALDE, the EDP has chosen Guy Verhofstadt as its top candidate. Two politicians from the Free Voters from Germany are individual members of the EDP, one of whom was elected to join the ALDE parliamentary group after the election .
- The far-right Alliance of European National Movements had four non-attached MEPs before the election.
- The initiative of communist and workers' parties in Europe was represented in the European Parliament by three MEPs from the GUE / NGL group.
- The Christian-Conservative European Christian Political Movement (ECPB) had two Dutch MPs in the European Parliament, who are divided between the ECR and EFD parliamentary groups. In Germany, the ECPB members of the AUF Party and the Party of Biblical Christians (PBC) stood for election.
- The EU-skeptical Europeans United for Democracy was represented in the EU Parliament by a Danish member of the GUE / NGL group.
- Euro Animal 7 was an electoral alliance of seven animal welfare parties that were not represented in the EU Parliament before the election.
Forecasts
Numerous forecasts based on national surveys were available for the distribution of the 751 seats after the coming election. They related to the existing political groups or groupings in the European Parliament. With regard to the table, it should be noted that, in particular for new parties and political associations, it is not yet clear whether they will join a parliamentary group or remain non-attached. They are therefore mostly listed as non-attached (f'los). The allocation is made differently depending on the publication or source, especially since the composition of the political groups has changed in some cases since the European elections in 2009.
Forecasts in detail | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Election result
The turnout across Europe was 42.61% and did not change significantly compared to the turnout in the 2009 European elections (42.97%). Except in Belgium and Luxembourg, where voting was compulsory and therefore participation values were around 90%, participation was particularly high in Malta (74.81%) and Italy (60%). It was particularly low in the Czech Republic (19.5%) and Slovakia (13%).
In the elections, the parties of the EPP Group (-59 seats) and the ALDE Group (-24) suffered the greatest losses. The GUE / NGL (+10), the EFD parliamentary group (+7) and the non-attached parties (+9) achieved gains. To this end, 73 MPs from parties that had not previously belonged to parliament and did not belong to any European party moved into parliament. Most of these MPs joined existing groups. There was also a change between the existing parliamentary groups. The EKR parliamentary group received the largest increase as a result, which received 25 additional members, including the seven members of the German AfD and seven members whose parties had previously belonged to the EFD parliamentary group. The EFD parliamentary group was dissolved and replaced by the EFDD parliamentary group, which is dominated by the British UKIP and the newly elected Italian M5S. The planned formation of a parliamentary group of the European Alliance for Freedom (EAF) did not materialize, although its member parties were able to win seats. However, the EAF was able to meet the minimum number of MPs from seven countries.
fraction | EPP | S&D | ALDE | EKR | Greens / EFA | GUE / NGL | EFD EFDD |
Non-attached | New parties | total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sit before the election | 274 | 196 | 57 | 83 | 35 | 57 | 31 | 33 | - | 766 |
Seats after the election | 215 | 185 | 45 | 59 | 45 | 49 | 38 | 42 | 73 | 751 |
Sit after joining / crossing over | 221 | 191 | 67 | 70 | 50 | 52 | 48 | 52 | - | 751 |
Distribution of seats by country
The following table contains the distribution of seats in the countries, with the distribution to the parliamentary groups at the time the parliament was constituted on July 1, 2014. Parties / politicians set in italics changed parliamentary groups or joined a parliamentary group (national parties are not listed who were assigned to a parliamentary group through their membership in a European party).
fraction country |
EPP | S&D | EKR | ALDE | GUE-NGL | Greens / EFA | EFDD | f'los | total | Participation | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
European Union | 221 | 191 | 70 | 67 | 52 | 50 | 48 | 52 | 751 | 42.54% | ||||||||
Belgium |
CD&V CDH CSP |
2 1 1 |
PS SP.A |
3 1 |
N-VA G | 4th |
MR VLD |
3 3 |
ECOLO Groen |
1 1 |
VB | 1 | 21st | 90% | ||||
Bulgaria |
GERB RB N |
6 1 |
E.G | 4th | BBZ and WMRO N | 2 | DPS | 4th | 17th | 35.5% | ||||||||
Denmark | Theatrical Version | 1 | SD | 3 | DF E | 4th |
V RV |
2 1 |
Folkebev. | 1 | SF | 1 | 13 | 56.4% | ||||
Germany |
CDU CSU |
29 5 |
SPD | 27 |
AfD N family N |
7 1 |
FDP FW N |
3 1 |
Left Animal Welfare N |
7 1 |
Green pirates N ÖDP N |
11 1 1 |
NPD N PARTY N |
1 1 |
96 | 47.9% | ||
Estonia | IRL | 1 | SDE | 1 |
RE KE |
2 1 |
Tarand | 1 | 6th | 36.44% | ||||||||
Finland | Kok. | 3 | SDP | 2 | PS E | 2 |
Kesk. SFP |
3 1 |
Vas. | 1 | Vihr. | 1 | 13 | 40.9% | ||||
France | UMP | 20th | PS + PRG | 13 | MoDem + UDI | 7th |
FG ( PCF + PG ) UOM |
3 1 |
EELV | 6th | Bergeron (Ex-FN) F | 1 | FN | 23 | 74 | 43.5% | ||
Greece | ND | 5 |
Elia Potami N |
2 2 |
ANEL N | 1 | SYRIZA | 6th |
CA KKE L |
3 2 |
21st | 58.2% | ||||||
Ireland | FG | 4th | Childers F | 1 | Crowley (ex- FF ) A. | 1 | Harkin | 1 |
SF Flanagan N |
3 1 |
11 | 51.6% | ||||||
Italy |
FI NCD + UDC SVP |
13 3 1 |
PD | 31 | AE N | 3 | M5S N | 17th | LN E | 5 | 73 | 60% | ||||||
Croatia | HDZ + HSS | 5 | SDP | 3 | HSP-AS | 1 | HNS / IDS | 2 | ORaH N | 1 | 11 | 25.06% | ||||||
Latvia | V | 4th | Saskaņa SDP | 1 | N / A | 1 | LKS | 1 | LZS N | 1 | 8th | 30.04% | ||||||
Lithuania | TS-LKD | 2 | LSDP | 2 | LLRA | 1 |
LRLS DP |
2 1 |
LVZS N | 1 | TT | 2 | 11 | 44.91% | ||||
Luxembourg | CSV | 3 | LSAP | 1 | DP | 1 | Gréng | 1 | 6th | 90% | ||||||||
Malta | PN | 3 | PL | 3 | 6th | 74.81% | ||||||||||||
Netherlands | CDA | 5 | PvdA | 3 | CU / SGP E | 2 |
D66 VVD |
4 3 |
SP PvdD N |
2 1 |
GL | 2 | PVV | 4th | 26th | 37% | ||
Austria | ÖVP | 5 | SPÖ | 5 | NEOS | 1 | Green | 3 | FPÖ | 4th | 18th | 45.7% | ||||||
Poland |
PO PSL |
19 4 |
SLD | 5 | PiS | 19th | KNP | 4th | 51 | 22.7% | ||||||||
Portugal | PSD + CDS-PP | 7th | PS | 8th | MPT N | 2 |
CDU BE |
3 1 |
21st | 34.5% | ||||||||
Romania |
PNL A PD-L PMP UDMR |
6 5 2 2 |
PSD + PC + UNPR | 16 | Deacon N | 1 | 32 | 32.16% | ||||||||||
Sweden |
MSP KD |
3 1 |
SAP FI N |
5 1 |
FP CP |
2 1 |
VP | 1 | MP | 4th | SD N | 2 | 20th | 48.8% | ||||
Slovakia |
KDH SDKÚ-DS Most – Híd SMK |
2 2 1 1 |
SMER | 4th |
NOVA N OĽaNO N |
1 1 |
SaS N | 1 | 13 | 13% | ||||||||
Slovenia |
SDS N.Si + SLS |
3 2 |
SD | 1 | DeSUS N | 1 | Verjamem N | 1 | 8th | 20.96% | ||||||||
Spain |
PP UDC |
16 1 |
PSOE | 14th |
UPyD F CDC + PNV C's N |
4 2 2 |
IU + Anova Podemos N Bildu |
5 5 1 |
ERC ICV PE / Compromis |
2 1 1 |
54 | 45.9% | ||||||
Czech Republic |
TOP09 KDU |
4 3 |
ČSSD | 4th | ODS | 2 | ANO N | 4th | KSČM | 3 | Svobodni N | 1 | 21st | 19.5% | ||||
Hungary | FIDESZ + KDNP | 12 |
DK N MSZP |
2 2 |
LMP E'14 + PM N |
1 1 |
Jobbik | 3 | 21st | 28.92% | ||||||||
United Kingdom | Lab. | 20th |
Cons. UUP |
19 1 |
LibDem | 1 | SF | 1 |
Greens SNP PC |
3 2 1 |
UKIP | 24 | DUP | 1 | 73 | 36% | ||
Cyprus | DISY | 2 |
DIKO EDEK |
1 1 |
AKEL | 2 | 6th | 43.97% | ||||||||||
fraction | EPP | S&D | EKR | ALDE | GUE-NGL | Greens / EFA | EFDD | f'los + new | total | Participation |
Radicalization
Right-wing parties critical of the EU grew significantly and received around 19 percent of the vote. The Front National was clearly the strongest force in France with 25 percent. In Great Britain, UKIP received a good 27 percent of the vote. In Denmark, the Danish People's Party received the most votes. In Austria, the FPÖ was able to win significantly more votes (details here ). In Germany, the euro-skeptical AfD received seven percent of the vote; she rejected a collaboration with what she saw as right-wing populist parties (such as the UKIP).
The conservative European Conservatives and Reformists (EKR) group, which is oriented towards a radical reform of the EU, grew in size through the accession of new parties in the European Parliament and through transfers from the EFD and ALDE groups, replacing the latter as the third largest group. The EU-skeptical EFD parliamentary group was able to increase from 32 to 48 MPs despite the transition to the EKR. On the other hand, the planned grouping of the parties of the right-wing radical European Alliance for Freedom failed for the time being , as it was unable to attract members from seven member states. In June 2015 these parties formed a parliamentary group called Europe of Nations and Freedom .
In Greece , the party SYRIZA - Enotiko Kinoniko Metopo , founded in May 2012 from an alliance of nine radical left parties, became the strongest force with 26.6 percent, ahead of the ruling conservatives (Nea Dimokratia: 22.7 percent). During the election campaign, SYRIZA declared the 2014 European elections a “referendum against austerity”. In Spain, the coalition of the United Left (IU) and the Catalan Greens ICV won four seats and now has five MPs. In addition, the anti-capitalist party Podemos , which emerged from the 15-M movement, moved into the European Parliament with five members. The GUE / NGL group increased from 35 to 52 seats, overtaking the Greens / EFA group as the fifth largest group.
See also
literature
- Michael Kaeding , Niko Switek (eds.): The 2014 European elections. Top candidates, protest parties, non-voters. Springer VS, Wiesbaden 2015, ISBN 978-3-658-05737-4 .
- Oskar Niedermayer : Still a “national by-election”? The European Parliament election on May 25, 2014 . In: Journal for Parliamentary Questions 45 (2014) 3, pp. 523–546.
- Gerd Strohmeier : Does Weimar work at the EU level? Reflections on the 2014 European elections without a threshold clause . In: Zeitschrift für Politik , 61 (2014) 3, pp. 346–368.
- Christina Holtz-Bacha (Ed.): European election campaign 2014: International studies on the role of the media . Springer VS 2016, ISBN 978-3-658-11019-2 .
Web links
- Special issue: The candidates for election to the European Parliament from the Federal Republic of Germany
- Official website of the European Parliament for the 2014 European elections
- Further information on the European elections at Wahlrecht.de
- Federal Agency for Civic Education , Politics and Contemporary History (APuZ 12/2014): Information on the European elections ( PDF, 2.4 MB )
- 2014 European elections on the information portal for political education of the regional offices for political education
- Representative election statistics for the 2014 European elections, statement by the Federal Returning Officer , press conference on September 18, 2014
Individual evidence
- ↑ election results
- ↑ a b direct election act - decision and act introducing general direct elections for members of the European Parliament of September 20, 1976 ( Federal Law Gazette 1977 II p. 733 ), last amended by the decision of the Council of June 25, 2002 and September 23, 2002 ( PDF) ( BGBl. 2003 II p. 810 ; BGBl. 2004 II p. 520 ). In: bundeswahlleiter.de . The Federal Returning Officer, accessed and received on May 8, 2017 (PDF document; 82.80 KiB).
- ↑ www.europarl.europa.eu
- ↑ 2013/299 / EU, Euratom: Decision of the Council of 14 June 2013 setting the period for the eighth direct universal election of Members of the European Parliament
- ↑ Announcement of September 19, 2013 ( Federal Law Gazette I p. 3618 )
- ↑ Reform of the electoral law: Parliament should become more European ( Memento from April 26, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ EurActiv , 13 October 2008: MEP: “Comprehensive” electoral reform by 2014 “urgently needed” ; See also draft of a report on a proposal to change the direct election file ( memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , July 5, 2010.
- ↑ EUobserver , April 19, 2011: Call for Europeans to elect 25 MEPs from EU-wide list (English); Andrew Duff , European Parliament , 28 April 2011: Report on a proposal to amend the direct election act .
- ^ Report on the composition of the European Parliament with a view to the 2014 elections , European Parliament, 25 February 2013
- ↑ Decision of the European Council of June 28, 2013 on the composition of the European Parliament (2013/312 / EU)
-
^ Judgment of the Second Senate of the Federal Constitutional Court of November 9, 2011 in proceedings on the election review complaints, file number 2 BvC 4/10, 2 BvC 6/10 and 2 BvC 8/10 .
Five percent threshold clause in European electoral law unconstitutional - Press release No. 70/2011 of 9 November 2011 by the Federal Constitutional Court on this ruling. Both in: bundesverfassungsgericht.de . Federal Constitutional Court , accessed and received on May 10, 2017. - ↑ The five percent hurdle is unconstitutional ( memento of November 12, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) from the star of November 9, 2011
- ↑ 5 percent hurdle in European elections unconstitutional. In: welt.de. November 9, 2011, accessed December 8, 2014 .
- ↑ Judgment in Karlsruhe - five percent clause in European elections unconstitutional. In: sueddeutsche.de. November 9, 2011, accessed December 8, 2014 .
- ^ Electoral reform: Bundestag resolves three percent hurdle for European elections. In: zeit.de. June 14, 2013, accessed December 8, 2014 .
- ↑ Heise online : Pirates are suing the Federal Constitutional Court against the 3 percent hurdle for the European elections , October 8, 2013
- ↑ http://www.mehr-demokratie.de/ : Lawsuit against three percent hurdle in EU elections , October 10, 2013
- ↑ www.bverfg.de
- ↑ www.bverfg.de
-
↑ Judgment of the Second Senate of the Federal Constitutional Court of February 26, 2014, file number 2 BvE 2/13, 2 BvE 5/13, 2 BvE 6/13, 2 BvE 7/13, 2 BvE 8/13, 2 BvE 9/13, 2 BvE 10/13, 2 BvE 12/13, 2 BvR 2220/13, 2 BvR 2221/13 and 2 BvR 2238/13 .
The three percent threshold clause in European electoral law is unconstitutional under the current legal and factual circumstances - press release no. 14/2014 of the Federal Constitutional Court of February 26, 2014 on this judgment. Both in: bundesverfassungsgericht.de . Federal Constitutional Court , called up and received on May 10, 2017.
Constitutional judges overturn three percent threshold for European elections. In: Spiegel Online. February 26, 2014, accessed December 8, 2014 . - ↑ European Election Regulations (EuWO) , accessed and received on May 21, 2017.
- ↑ Law on the Legal Relationships of Members of the European Parliament from the Federal Republic of Germany (European Parliament Act - EuAbgG) , accessed and received on May 21, 2017.
- ↑ www.camera.it
- ↑ www.elections2014.eu
- ↑ Three percent hurdle in European elections is unconstitutional. In: welt.de. February 26, 2014, accessed December 8, 2014 .
- ↑ www.wort.lu
- ↑ Christoph B. Schiltz, Brussels: Juncker is to become the top candidate of the conservatives. In: welt.de. February 2, 2014, accessed December 8, 2014 .
- ↑ www.wienerzeitung.at
- ↑ European elections: Juncker elected as the EPP's top candidate. In: sueddeutsche.de. March 7, 2014, accessed December 8, 2014 .
- ↑ SPD nominates Martin Schulz as the top candidate for the European elections. In: zeit.de. January 26, 2014, accessed December 8, 2014 .
- ↑ Verhofstadt and Rehn top candidates of the Liberals. In: faz.net. January 20, 2014, accessed December 8, 2014 .
- ↑ kurier.at
- ↑ www.europeanvoice.com ( Memento from February 23, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ europeangreens.eu: EGP announce innovative common campaign for European Elections , July 11, 2013
- ^ Matthias Krupa : Green area code: The idea of European top candidates does not ignite. In: zeit.de. January 29, 2014, accessed December 8, 2014 .
- ↑ www.efa.org
- ↑ Niklaus Nuspliger: New right-wing populist parliamentary group in the EU Parliament: Le Pen's late satisfaction. In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung. June 16, 2015, accessed January 28, 2016 .
- ↑ euractiv Far-right parties join Tories in rejecting common EU candidate
- ↑ www.pde-edp.eu ( Memento from April 10, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ scenaripolitici.com
- ↑ www.election.de
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i www.eutwentyfourteen.com ( Memento from March 18, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j f / http: //pollwatch2014.eu/ pollwatch2014.eu ( Memento from February 24, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ albertonardelli.tumblr.com
- ↑ a b c www.elections2014.eu
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m foederalist.blogspot.de
- ↑ scenaripolitici.com
- ↑ > www.election.de
- ↑ scenaripolitici.com
- ↑ scenaripolitici.com
- ↑ > www.election.de
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m www.elections2014.eu
- ↑ scenaripolitici.com
- ↑ > www.election.de
- ↑ us6.campaign-archive1.com
- ↑ scenaripolitici.com
- ↑ scenaripolitici.com
- ↑ scenaripolitici.com
- ↑ scenaripolitici.com
- ↑ scenaripolitici.com
- ↑ scenaripolitici.com
- ↑ scenaripolitici.com
- ↑ scenaripolitici.com
- ↑ twitter.com
- ↑ www.3comma14.gr
- ↑ blogs.lse.ac.uk
- ↑ mobil.derstandard.at
- ↑ www.euractiv.de
- ↑ "right-wing EU skeptics"
- ↑ www.results-wahlen2014.eu
- ↑ europedecides.eu
- ↑ www.greens-efa.eu
- ↑ A shift to the right goes through Europe ( Memento from May 31, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Stefanie Bolzen: "I want Europe to leave the EU". In: welt.de. May 26, 2014, accessed December 8, 2014 .
- ↑ Results by country: Greece
- ↑ Deutschlandfunk May 26, 2014: Greece after the European elections: Syriza wants new elections ( Memento from October 6, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Ralf Streck: outraged party big surprise. May 26, 2014, accessed December 8, 2014 .
- ↑ Table of contents, foreword etc. online