Heat and storms in Europe in 2017

Heat and storm 2017
storm	Heat waves with forest fires , thunderstorms , heavy rain and floods
Data
Emergence	May 2017
resolution	End of August 2017
Maximum temperature	47.3 ° C ( Montoro , ES, 14.7. )
consequences
affected areas	Southern and Central Europe

 Map with all linked sites: OSM | WikiMap

In southern Europe, the heat was widespread from May to the end of summer 2017 , and forest fires were accompanied by numerous severe thunderstorms . This hot phase was preceded by the cold spell in Europe in January 2017 .

course

Early to late May

Temperature anomaly May 2017

From the end of April, southern Europe was influenced by a high system over North Africa, while in the north there had been the last snowfalls in the lowlands and heavy rain shortly before (550 l / m² in 3 d on Vogel in Slovenia). Until May 10th, the - mildly grading - ice men were in Central Europe . In mid-May, a high pressure ridge ( Tilly - Ursel ) with strong south-westerly currents formed in front of an Icelandic low Ben , which carried subtropical warm air to Central Europe, with a storm front in the Dankmar foothills as a marked change in the weather situation . The following system of Azores high foothills (Vesna - Walrita) moved with his seeds until the end of May from the Iberian Peninsula over Central Europe to the Black Sea region. Behind it, from May 27th to June 3rd, a deep complex Falk / Gerhard moved from the Biscay over the Baltic Sea area to the White Sea area, with again strong southerly currents and then storms.

Temperatures reached 30 ° C in southern Spain at the beginning of the month . In a first heat wave on May 18 and 19, they rose above the 30 ° mark in Central Europe, and towards the end of the month to over 30 ° C in southernmost Scandinavia (new Norway record of 32.2 ° C on May 27). in Tinnsjø ), over 35 ° C from southwest Europe over the Rhine region to the Alpine region (new Austria May record of 35.0 ° C on the 30th in Horn ).

There were more severe storms, for example:

• On 19./20. May in large parts of Germany (major crop damage in Bavaria ), Austria (storm damage), Bohemia .
• On May 23, especially in Carinthia (severe agricultural damage).
• On May 29 in Russia (heaviest thunderstorm in decades in the Moscow area , with 15 deaths)
• On May 30th to June 1st in Germany (with a small tornado in Mittenwalde , Brandenburg), Poland and in the Alpine region from Switzerland to Austria (80 l / m² in ½ h of precipitation in the Tulln district )

On May 29, a rare meteorological tsunami devastated the beaches of the Dutch west coast.

at the beginning of June

Temperature anomaly June 2017

From the last days of May, further high foothills of the Azores, each followed by the North Atlantic / North Sea lows, moved from the Iberian Peninsula through Central Europe : Xenia / Heinrich , then Yannika / Ingabran , Zalia / Jörn , Anni / Karl , Barbara / Monti . This phase ended around April 13-15. June in a stationary, hot, humid air mass boundary that stretched across Europe across the width of the Alps.

Southern Europe remained largely under the influence of subtropical warm air from the Sahara. In southern Spain it had widespread temperatures of 40 ° C, on June 14th 41.5 ° C were reached in Granada and 40.1 ° C in Madrid . In the Alpine region, too, several days were measured at over 30 ° C towards mid-June.

More violent storms took place:

• June 3 to 7 in Germany , Switzerland (180 l / m² in 3 d in Lugano ), and Austria (severe hail damage in the Salzburg area )
• June 12th to 16th in all of Central Europe, for example in Central France (enormous 120 l / m² in 1 hour in Landos , Haute-Loire ), Baden-Württemberg , Hesse and North Rhine-Westphalia , German-speaking Switzerland and the Austrian Alps .

Mid to late June

Satellite image of the fires in Portugal (MODIS, June 18, 2017, NASA)

Around the 14./15. June, another branch of the Azores high established itself in southern Europe . This high concha lasted until 22/23. June, accompanied by a deep complex ( Naoto ) over Scandinavia and the North Sea. This phase ended with an ingress of cold air through the Icelandic lows Quirin (with foothills Paul / Rasmund ) and Saverio , which lasted until the beginning of July.

With subtropical African air masses, the high led to a heat wave in western and southern Europe, the intensity of which was unusual for June. It expanded again from the Iberian Peninsula to France (over 37 ° C in Fontainebleau on the 21st), the British Isles (34.5 ° C in London-Heathrow ) and Central Europe (over 37 ° C in Andernach , Rhineland-Palatinate , on the 23rd; 35.8 ° C in Krems , Lower Austria, on the 22nd) to Italy and the Balkans (around 40 ° C in southern Italy and Serbia ), and withdrew to the eastern Mediterranean region towards the end of June ( Greece and Turkey : 44.8 ° C in Athens and in Antalya and Akhisar on the 30th). In Austria, for example, there were ten consecutive hot days in several places from June 19 , Innsbruck recorded a total of 12 hot days (> 30 ° C) in June, Vienna 27 summer days (> 25 ° C).

There was also a series of forest fires: The severe fires in Portugal claimed more than 60 lives, including 30 people on June 18 near Pedrógão Grande who were trapped in their cars while trying to escape. In the Doñana National Park in southern Spain , 2000 campers had to be evacuated on June 15.

In mid-June, a state of emergency was declared in the Italian provinces of Piacenza and Parma in the northern Apennines due to a lack of water.

There were more severe storms:

• July 21 in southern Austria (Carinthian Lavanttal , Southeast Styria and southern Burgenland , harvest damage).
• A larger storm system took place on 22/23. June over the north and east of Germany and Bohemia (with extensive traffic obstructions, 2 fatalities, major agricultural damage, especially in Lower Saxony ; short tornado near Hamburg ).
• Then the whole southern and central Alpine region was particularly affected, for example all of Austria on June 23 ; on June 25, Ticino (135 l / m² rain in Crana- Torricella , 33.5 of which in 10 min), Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna (agricultural damage and landslides); North Tyrol , Salzburg Inner Mountains , East Tyrol , and again Carinthia and southern Styria ;
• 27.-30. June a storm front crossed the Eastern Alps ( Carinthia , Waldviertel , wind thrown by foehn storm in Styrian Murau ), and then moved to northeast Germany (29/30 heavy rain in Berlin , with over 140 l / m² in 24 hours, double the monthly amount), the Ukraine (building collapse in Donetsk ) and Serbia (a storm death toll in Novi Sad ).

See also : Forest fires in Portugal 2017

beginning of July

July 2nd to 7th a high Francoise moved across Central Europe to the Balkans, with an intermediate high Gisela 4-7. July from the North Sea to Poland. In between there was a front of the Uwe – Wolf – Xavier deep system , which until July 12th moved from the Bay of Biscay through northern Central Europe to the Black Sea region, connected with further lows ( Vincent ) over northern Europe. South of the Alps, behind a low point from Spain towards the Alpine region, the influence of subtropical air masses with south-westerly currents established itself again.

The temperatures of this multi-day heat wave reached well over 40 ° C in Cyprus (44.6 ° C in Nicosia July 2nd; two heat deaths) 40 ° C in the central Balkans . and over 35 ° C widespread in Central Europe . and

Heavy thunderstorms during this time:

• 5th-7th July in the Eastern Alps , especially July 5th in Carinthia (harvest damage in Lavanttal , Villach area ), Southeast Styria , southern Burgenland (harvest damage), July 6th in the Weinviertel ( Velm-Götzendorf ), July 7th in all of Central Styria .
• 8-10 July a storm zone extended from northern France (July 9th record driving rain in Paris ) over the north side of the Swiss Alps (in Zofingen over 100 million SFR damage) to South Tyrol ( Bozen area ), over large parts of Austria , especially in the Tyrolean lowlands and East Tyrol , Lower Austria south of Vienna and Waldviertel , and in the Vienna area (July 10, with particularly severe agricultural damage; an F1 tornado in the area of Vienna-Schwechat airport caused a sensation, but it remained without any particular damage), as far as the area of northern Germany - Poland , with damaging events around Vechta , in Silesia (13,000 households without electricity), in Northern Hesse (storm damage).
• On June 11th, a heavy hailstorm (with a spectacular super cell ) moved from northeastern Slovenia to western Hungary .

Mid to late July

From July 11th, Hanna, another high offshoot of the Azores with strong south-westerly currents , prevailed in southern Europe, after which a shallow high pressure effect set in throughout the central Mediterranean area . A deep complex Yigit - Zlatan - Alfred over Northern Europe steered unstable air masses to Central Europe.

World temperatures July 14th, with the heat poles of Western Sahara (new national record in Spain) and Arabia

In southern Europe there was another long heat wave. On July 14th, Spain recorded 47.3 ° C in Montoro in Córdoba, a new highest ever recorded national temperature. Elsewhere in the European Mediterranean, for example in Greece , temperatures reached around 40 ° C again.

Until the third week of June, there were numerous serious forest fires (around 1000 sources of fire), especially in central and southern Italy , also on the Croatian Adriatic Sea and in Montenegro , in southern France and on Corsica , and again in Portugal .

In mid-July the supply of the city of Rome became a problem, water rationing for 1.5 million people was discussed.

Severe storms during this phase:

• On July 14th in South Tyrol ( Bozen area ).
• On July 18 in western Turkey , especially in Istanbul .
• 19. – 21. In July a front moved from Central Switzerland (with a record cloudburst 60 l / m² in 1 hour, of which 27.5 l / m² in 10 minutes in Adelboden ) to the North Sea (one fatality in Dortmund ; record rainfall in Cologne ), the Eastern Alps and to Poland .
• On 22./23. July thunderstorms occurred particularly on the north side of the Swiss Alps and in central Germany . Again there was a storm with flooding in Istanbul .
• 25./26. In July there was intensive precipitation in all of Central Europe north of the Alps, especially in Lower Saxony , Thuringia and Saxony-Anhalt . As a result, severe flooding occurred in the Harz region ( Goslar , Hildesheim ).
• There was an unusual hail storm on July 25th in northeastern Spain ( Teruel , up to 7 cm large castles), and a similar event on the 27th on the northern Italian Adriatic Sea ( San Benedetto del Tronto ), each with severe damage.

beginning of August

From June 28th the Azores-Saharah high complex, with its core over northwest Africa, expanded again into central Europe. Its European offshoot ( called Jolanda by the DWD , Lucifero in Italy and known as such throughout Europe) led to a blockade over south-eastern Europe. Atlantic deep systems, first Bernhard (with sub- low Christoph, Denis, Erik ) and then Fritz (with sub - low Hartmut-Ildefons ) caused intensive south-eastern high-altitude currents to deep into southern Poland and southern Russia, and pronounced unstable border areas across Central Europe. The cold air flowing in from the north-west at a low altitude off the British Isles led to a particularly severe air mass constraint.

In this sixth heat wave of the season, with the temperature pole in Tunisia (again above 45 ° C), the temperatures in the European Mediterranean area and the Balkans rose again for several consecutive days above 40 ° C, with peaks of 42.8 ° C in Córdoba , for example , Spain, and Frosinone , Italy on August 2nd; 42.3 ° C in Split , Croatia, or 41.4 ° C in Mostar , Bosnia-Herzegovina, on August 3; 41.8 ° C in Figari on Corsica, France, and 38.9 ° C in Vienna on August 4th. Over Austria, with the ingress of cold air, there was at times a temperature gradient of almost 30 ° C between the hot east and only 10 ° C in the west.

Again there were widespread field fires, for example in Algeria and Tunisia (one fatality near Tunis ), on Corsica , in central and southern Italy (one fatality in Sant'Omero , Abruzzo; two in Tivoli not far from Rome, one near Naples ), in Albania , ( Llogara National Park threatened) in Greece and Cyprus .

In the second week of August, an emergency due to a lack of water was declared in the Italian regions of Lazio and Umbria .

There were also violent storms again:

• July 30 - August 1 over the Pyrenees , northeast France , Luxembourg , widespread in Germany (power outages, crop damage), as well as in Switzerland (new national record of driving rain of 36.1 mm within 10 minutes in Eschenz  TG; one fatality in Bönigen ; Mudslides and squalls) and western Austria (heavy mudslides in Pians and Grins , Tyrol; squalls).
• 4-8 August over the Eastern Alps with devastation and several casualties from storms, lightning strikes and mountain difficulties. Particularly affected were North Tyrol (mudslides in the Stubai , Schmirn and Zillertal ; one fatality there), in the Salzburg Inner Mountains (severe mudslides in Grossarltal ), East Tyrol , in Carinthia , Upper Styria (several severe mudslides in the Wölzertal , Öblarn , Sölktäler ; district Murau declared a disaster area), in Lower Austria , Lombardy (mudslides in the Valle di Predarossa ), in South Tyrol and Belluno ( Passeier , Sarn , Eisack , Pustertal : Mure in Prags , a fatality in Cortina d'Ampezzo ). Storm damage also occurred in central and northern Germany .
• 10-12 August from Bavaria to Saxony (75 l / m², of which 40 l / m² in 1 h in Weißenberg ), in Ticino (155 l / m² in Camedo in Centovalli), and in Carinthia , and thunderstorms from the upper Adriatic over the Julian Alps , the eastern edge of the Alps (up to 130 km / h in the Neusiedlersee area; one fatality in Kenez in western Hungary ), Moravia (large-scale power outages) and Slovakia to Poland (a total of five fatalities).

mid August

On August 10, the next Azores / North Africa high foothills (Lisa) moved across Central Europe to Eastern Europe. In consequence, two front systems of North Atlantic lows crossed Europe, first Jürgen (the following flat high pressure influence was named by DWD Maria ) and Kolle with a striking cold air ingress.

Temperatures rose again to 40 ° C in the Mediterranean area and over 35 ° C in Central Europe and then also in Eastern Europe . The southern currents led - under the influence of the simultaneous heat in the Middle East - warm air masses to the White Sea area , where it was warmer than in Central Europe towards the end of the phase.

With rising temperatures and wind, forest fires quickly broke out again, for example in Portugal (the place Mação enclosed by the flames), on Corsica , in Greece , in Armenia ( Chosrow reserve , a strict IUCN-Ia area), in the Ukraine .

Severe storms this phase:

• August 15th from north-east Switzerland via the Rhine-Main area to Bremen
• 18./19. August with driving rain and hurricane-like storms from southern France over the north side of the Swiss Alps , Vorarlberg , Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria (several open-air festivals interrupted, numerous injuries), as well as Salzburg (traffic obstructions) and Upper Austria (150,000 households without electricity at times; two fatalities and many injured at the tent festival in St. Johann am Walde ) to Lower Saxony and Central Germany .

end of August

As early as August 19, the next Azores / North Africa high foothills (Nilüfer) spread over Western Europe and established itself in the Balkans. In this phase, too, with the passage of a North Sea low ( Leif with sub- low Mathias ), subtropical warm air flowed extensively to Central and Eastern Europe. The pressure distribution was flat again, with a far-reaching air mass limit of a low north of Scandinavia that ran across Europe (unnamed, with a branch Nepomuk , Otfried and a high low over the Iberian Peninsula, intermediate high Oldenburgia ) and continuing south-westerly currents.

Temperatures rose again to 40 ° C on the Iberian Peninsula , and then over 35 ° C in southern France , the Italian Peninsula as well as in southeastern Europe (36.5 ° C in Gradište and Knin , Croatia, on August 26) on September 2 (Greece). In the Alps it snowed down to 1,800 m these days.

During this time, forest fires started again in Greece ( Zakynthos Island ) and the southwest of Bulgaria .

There were more severe storms:

• 23/24 August over the north side of the Alps from Switzerland and Vorarlberg to Salzburg (heavy gusts of wind).
• 26.-28. August over southwest and central Germany (floods in the Vulkaneifel , mudslides in Eltmann , Langenfeld near Bad Salzungen and Bad Blankenburg ), in the Salzburg Innergebirg (mudslide in Kaprun ), Wald- and Weinviertel (heavy hail around Vitis ) and in the Czech Republic , and then in western Styria .
• August 30 − 2. September in the Münsterland , Salzkammergut , Ennstal , Mariazellerland and the Eisenwurzen ( Mooslandl 77 l / m² in 1 h, of which 28 l / m² in 10 min; hail the size of table tennis). In the continuous rain there were floods and landslides in central and eastern Switzerland (216.5 l / m² in 24 h in Locarno- Monti, Ticino), in the Allgäu and in Upper Bavaria .

On August 23, there was an enormous rock fall with debris flow in Bondo , Graubünden (presumably 8 fatalities), and on the 27th there was one of the most serious mountain accidents in Austria in recent years at the three-thousand-meter Gabler in Pinzgau in Salzburg (5 deaths). Both events are only indirectly related to the hot summer.

Mediterranean droughts

During the weather phase, the drought in the Mediterranean was a particular problem. The winter had already been very little rain (except during the cold spell in January ), and in some areas, especially in Italy, there had been hardly any significant rainfall since December. In addition, there was the persistent abnormal warmth and the constant south winds, which consistently steer dry air masses from the Sahara region towards Europe.

Spain recorded the warmest spring on record, with particularly little rainfall in the north and center of the country. The rivers Tajo / Tejo and Duero / Douro , which also supply Portugal, have particularly low levels . In Corsica , soil moisture reached permanently new minimum values ​​from mid-April, in mainland southern France, in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region , around mid-July. In Italy the north and center were also affected, especially the Po had low water , but especially island Italy (Sicily, Sardinia). In Italy, the spring was the second driest since 1800 and the summer the hottest of the time. The Balkan Peninsula is not so badly affected because of a damp and cool spring until May, but the conditions in Hungary are also very dry.

In Italy, the state of emergency had to be declared several times because of the water supply. The outdated pipeline network and water losses of up to a third of the transport volume are a major problem there.

The total damage in agriculture was estimated (at the end of July) for Italy at 2 billion euros. The insurance consultancy Aon Benfield determined a loss of 6.6 billion US dollars for the entire drought of the first half of the year, which was the sixth most severe climate-related damage event of 2017 .

The Mediterranean was in Liguria warmer in June than 5 ° C than normal, early August reached the Upper Adriatic abnormal water temperatures up to 30 ° C.

The Mediterranean heat contrasts with northern Europe; in Denmark and Schleswig, for example, not a single summer day was recorded with over 25 ° C in July , only the third time since 1874.

Web links

Commons : Heat waves in Europe 2017  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

 Map with all linked sites: OSM | WikiMap

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} New temperature record in Spain. Thomas Sävert in the weather channel Kachelmannwetter , July 14, 2017;
   New temperature record in Spain. In: Kleine Zeitung online, July 14, 2017;
   Extreme heat in Spain. Friedrich Föst in wetter24.de, July 14, 2017.
2. ↑ ^{a b} The previous record in Spain was 47.2 ° C on July 4, 1994 in Murcia; Europe's official peak value is 48.0 ° C July 10, 1977 in Athens and Eleusis.
3. ↑ DWD weather map forecast for Mo 03.05.2017, 12:00 UTC , website of the Free University of Berlin.
4. ↑ In the east, sometimes extremely much snow. And large amounts of rain in the south-west of Austria. ZAMG Weather News , 20. resp. April 25, 2017;
   Huge amounts of rain in Slovenia. Thomas Sävert in wetterkanal.kachelmannwetter.com, April 28, 2017 there.
5. ↑ DWD weather map forecast for Mon 10.05.2017, 12:00 UTC , website of the Free University of Berlin;
   Weather situation on May 10, 2017, 12 UTC. ZAMG Current weather map and map archive .
6. ↑ DWD weather map forecast for Tue May 16, 2017, 12:00 UTC , website of the Free University of Berlin.
7. ↑ ^{a b c} DWD weather map forecast for Fri May 19, 2017, 12:00 UTC , website of the Free University of Berlin;
   Weather situation from May 19, 2017, 12 UTC. ZAMG Current weather map and map archive .
8. ↑ ^{a b} DWD weather map forecast for Tue May 23, 2017, 12:00 UTC , website of the Free University of Berlin;
   Weather situation as of May 23, 2017, 12 UTC. ZAMG Current weather map and map archive .
9. ↑ ^{a b c d} DWD weather map forecast for Tue May 30, 2017, 12:00 UTC , website of the Free University of Berlin;
   Weather situation as of May 30, 2017, 12 UTC. ZAMG Current weather map and map archive .
10. ↑ Summer weather on the Iberian Peninsula. wetter.net: Weather News , May 2, 2017.
11. ↑ Sunny and partly warm in summer. In: MeteoSchweiz blog , May 16, 2017.
12. ↑ Mini summer with a decade record. wetter.net: Weather News , May 18, 2017.
13. ↑ ^{a b} May 2017: warm, sunny and dry. ZAMG Klima News , May 30, 2017.
14. ↑ ^{a b} The stormy Friday. DWD topic of the day , May 20, 2017.
15. ↑ Western Europe heat wave sets new May benchmark in Norway, Paris tops 30C. Mark Vogan, markvoganweather.com → Rest of Europe, Spring 2017 , May 28, 2017.
16. ^ Historic Heat Wave Sweeps Asia, the Middle East and Europe. Section European heatwave. Jeff Masters at wunderground.com, June 6, 2017.
17. ↑ De nombreux records de chaleur battus. In: MeteoFrance: Actualité , May 29, 2017.
18. ↑ Hot weekend, even hotter start of the week - high summer in late spring. DWD topic of the day , May 20, 2017.
19. ↑ Violent storms over Europe. ORF online, May 20, 2017.
20. ↑ Severe weather causes millions in damage. ( Memento of the original from August 6, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The  archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Josef Koch in: dlz agrarmagazin (agrarheute.com), May 26, 2017.
21. ↑ The first hailstorm in 2017 damages 2,500 hectares in Carinthia. ( Memento of the original of July 29, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The  archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Austrian hail insurance: Press , May 23, 2017.
22. ↑ Storm in Moscow: Several people killed by trees. In: Kleine Zeitung online, May 30, 2017.
23. ↑ ^{a b} Fire brigade declares a state of emergency in Berlin. In: Der Spiegel online, May 30, 2017;
    Almost 500,000 lightning bolts today. , wetteronline.de: weather ticker , May 30, 2017;
    Considerable storm damage. And storm Tuesday with floods and tornado. wetter.net: Wetter-News , 30. resp. May 31, 2017.
24. ↑ Hailstorm over Thun. In: MeteoSwiss blog , May 31, 2017.
25. ↑ Severe weather: floods in Tulln and Gmunden, fires in Tyrol. In: Der Standard online, May 31, 2017; Storms and fires after lightning strikes. ooe.ORF.at, May 31, 2017;
    Floods kept fire brigades in suspense. noe.ORF.at; June 1, 2017;
    Carinthian agriculture hit again by severe storms. ( Memento of the original of July 29, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The  archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Austrian hail insurance: Press , June 2, 2017.
26. ↑ A meteorological tsunami floods the beaches of Holland. wetter.de, June 1, 2017.
27. ↑ ^{a b c} DWD weather map forecast for Sat 03.06.2017, 12:00 UTC , website of the Free University of Berlin;
    Weather situation as of June 3, 2017, 12 UTC. ZAMG Current weather map and map archive .
28. ↑ ^{a b c} DWD weather map forecast for Tue 06.06.2017, 12:00 UTC , website of the Free University of Berlin;
    Weather situation as of June 6, 2017, 12 UTC. ZAMG Current weather map and map archive .
29. ↑ ^{a b} DWD weather map forecast for Sat 09.06.2017, 12:00 UTC , website of the Free University of Berlin;
    Weather situation as of June 9, 2017, 12 UTC. ZAMG Current weather map and map archive .
30. ↑ ^{a b c} DWD weather map forecast for Mon 12.06.2017, 12:00 UTC , website of the Free University of Berlin;
    Weather situation as of June 12, 2017, 12 UTC. ZAMG Current weather map and map archive .
31. ↑ ^{a b c} DWD weather map forecast for Wed 14.06.2017, 12:00 UTC , website of the Free University of Berlin;
    Weather situation as of June 14, 2017, 12 UTC. ZAMG Current weather map and map archive .
32. ↑ ^{a b c d} DWD weather map forecast for Fri 16.06.2017, 12:00 UTC , website of the Free University of Berlin.
33. ↑ ^{a b} Despite a lot of clouds a summer day. Sultry thunderstorm air. And thunderstorm night - a résumé. In: MeteoSwiss blog , 14th, 15th resp. June 16, 2017.
34. ^ A striking heat wave in Spain. In: Weather channel Kachelmannwetter , June 8, 2017;
    Monkey heat in Spain. DWD topic of the day , June 9, 2017.
35. ↑ ^{a b} Heat wave on the Iberian Peninsula continues. wetter.net: Weather News , June 13, 2017;
    Heat wave in Spain. ( Memento of the original of July 29, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The  archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. wetter.tv, June 15, 2017;
    Heat wave: 54 degrees in Pakistan. science.ORF.at, June 20, 2017.
36. ↑ The two sides of INGRABAN. DWD topic of the day , June 7;
    Heavy storms again. wetter.net: Weather News , June 4, 2017.
37. ↑ Heavy thunderstorms in the south. In: MeteoSwiss blog , June 5, 2017;
    Almost 180 millimeters of rain in Lugano since Saturday evening. In: SRF online, June 6, 2017.
38. ↑ Floods from violent thunderstorms. noe.ORF.at, June 5, 2017;
    1.3 million euros total damage in Salzburg. ( Memento of the original of July 29, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The  archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Austrian hail insurance: Press , June 6, 2017.
39. ^ Orages exceptionnels en Haute-Loire. In: MeteoFrance: Actualité , June 14, 2017.
40. ↑ Storms in Germany are mild. In: Die Zeit online, June 16, 2017.
41. ↑ Over 100 storm missions in Klagenfurt. In: Kleine Zeitung online, June 13, 2017.
42. ↑ ^{a b c} DWD weather map forecast for Tue 20.06.2017, 12:00 UTC , website of the Free University of Berlin;
    Weather situation from June 20, 2017, 12 UTC. ZAMG Current weather map and map archive .
43. ↑ The main low was renamed by the DWD (consecutively in the Abc) on the 23rd, as it only became weather-effective later in Germany; see naming for weather events: naming in Germany .
44. ↑ ^{a b c} DWD weather map forecast for Sun 25.06.2017, 12:00 UTC , website of the Free University of Berlin;
    Weather situation as of June 25, 2017, 12 UTC. ZAMG Current weather map and map archive .
45. ↑ ^{a b c} DWD weather map forecast for Wed June 28, 2017, 12:00 UTC , website of the Free University of Berlin;
    Weather situation as of June 28, 2017, 12 UTC. ZAMG Current weather map and map archive .
46. ↑ Air mass change. In: MeteoSwiss blog , June 29, 2017.
47. ↑ DWD weather map forecast for Sat 01.07.2017, 12:00 UTC , website of the Free University of Berlin.
48. ↑ ^{a b} DWD weather map forecast for Mon 03.07.2017, 12:00 UTC , website of the Free University of Berlin.
49. ^ Tom Di Liberto: Early summer heat wave in Europe. NOAA: climate.gov > News & Features> Event Tracker , July 13, 2017.
50. ↑ (Friederike Otto, Geert Jan van Oldenborgh, Robert Vautard, Cornelia Schwierz): European Heat, June 2017. ( Memento from August 10, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) ClimateCentral.org, undated (June 2017) - Study on Western Europe and the regional annuality of the event.
51. ↑ Unusual heat wave and drought. ZAMG Climate News , June 20, 2017.
52. ↑ Canicule: chaleur nocturne en ville. And Bilan de la vague de chaleur (18-22 juin 2017). In: MeteoFrance: Actualité , July 22 and 27, 2017;
    Record temperatures in Spain and France: La heat wave. In Spiegel online, June 22, 2017.
53. ↑ cf. 2017 United Kingdom heat wave. English Wikipedia.
54. ↑ Austria: Sun and up to 28 degrees in sight - first thunderstorm on Thursday! and some new heat records on Thursday. Thomas Sävert in the weather channel Kachelmannwetter , 17th resp. 22nd June 2017.
55. ↑ ^{a b} Dead and traffic chaos. In: FAZ online, June 23, 2017.
56. ↑ ^{a b c} June 2017: extremely warm and sunny, partly dry. ZAMG Klima News , June 30, 2017.
57. ↑ Today is the hottest night of the year. wetter.at, June 21, 2017.
58. ^ Emergenza caldo in Italia: 10 città da bollino rosso e 10 consigli per proteggersi. Record a Ferrara. In: ANSA online, June 23, 2017.
59. ↑ ^{a b} Severe storms after a heat wave in northern Italy. stol.it, June 25, 2017;
    Heavy storms after a heat wave in northern Italy. In: Kleine Zeitung online, June 25, 2017.
60. ↑ ^{a b} Drought Management Center for Southeastern Europe - DMCSEE: Drought Monitoring Bulletin for SE Europe. June 2017 . July 10, 2017 (pdf, dmcsee.org, accessed July 28, 2017).
61. ↑ Serbia to see temperatures up to 42 degrees Celsius. b92.net, June 28, 2017.
62. ^ Heat wave in Greece and Turkey. Thomas Sävert in the weather channel Kachelmannwetter , June 30, 2017;
    Holiday weather: Intense heat in Greece and Turkey. Brett Gibbons at: weather.com, June 30, 2017;
    Heat plagues southeastern Europe: Extreme temperatures shift east, bringing a brutal heat wave to the Balkans. Kevin Corriveau in Al Jazeera online, July 1st 2017.
63. ↑ "Huge clouds of smoke over us, ashes fall on the tents". Ute Müller in welt.de, June 30, 2017;
    2000 people evacuated - forest fire threatens Spanish national park. ARD Tagesschau online, June 30, 2017.
64. ↑ ^{a b c d} Emergency due to water scarcity in Italy. In: NZZ online, June 23, 2017;
    State of emergency declared in Parma and Piacenza . In: Kleine Zeitung online, June 23, 2017;
    
65. ^ Trail of the devastation in Bad Weißenbach. In: Kleine Zeitung online, June 21, 2017.
66. ↑ Heavy thunderstorm with hail and floods. In: Kleine Zeitung online, June 21, 2017.
67. ↑ Heavy hail storms in Styria and Burgenland - first balance: 4.5 million euros total damage on an agricultural area of ​​8,500 hectares. ( Memento from July 29, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Austrian Hagelversicherung: Press , June 22, 2017.
68. ↑ Severe weather report from Thursday. Thomas Sävert in the weather channel Kachelmannwetter , June 23, 2017;
    Heavy storms over Germany. In: Die Presse online, June 22, 2017;
    Storms and tornados bring traffic to a standstill in the north. welt.de, June 22, 2017.
69. ↑ Tief Paul damages at least 50,000 hectares. Josef Koch in dlz agrarmagazin online (agrarheute.com), June 26, 2017.
70. ↑ Severe storms raged across Austria. heute.at, June 23, 2017;
    Severe storms: Thousands of households without electricity. steiermark.ORF.at, June 22, 2017.
71. ↑ Almost a national record, was exceeded at the beginning of August ; Heavy thunderstorms in southern Ticino. In: MeteoSchweiz Blog , June 25, 2017.
72. ↑ Mudslides & Fires! Heavy storms swept over Tyrol. wetter.at, June 25, 2017.
73. ↑ Salzburg's fire brigades move out for storm operations. salzburg24.at, June 25, 2017.
74. ↑ Severe storm damage in the south of Austria. wetter.at, June 26, 2017;
    Storms with mudslides, lightning and heavy rain. In: Kronen Zeitung online, June 26, 2017.
75. ↑ Severe storms in the Waldviertel. In: Niederösterreichische Nachrichten online, June 27, 2017;
    Storm: 320 firefighters on duty. noe.ORF.at, June 28, 2017;
    Seriously injured when cleaning up after a storm. heute.at, June 28, 2017.
76. ↑ Update on heavy rain - great uncertainties. Thomas Sävert in the Kachelmannwetter weather channel , June 28, 2017.
77. ↑ Heavy rain leads to a state of emergency at the fire brigade in Berlin. In: Die Zeit online, June 30, 2017.
78. ↑ Severe weather - heavy rain in Ukraine: part of the university collapsed. In: Tiroler Tageszeitung online, June 30, 2017.
79. ↑ Falling tree kills woman during Novi Sad storm. b92.net, June 29, 2017.
80. ↑ ^{a b c} DWD weather map forecast for Fri. 07.07.2017, 12:00 UTC , website of the Free University of Berlin;
    Weather situation as of July 7, 2017, 12 UTC. ZAMG Current weather map and map archive .
81. ↑ DWD weather map forecast for Mon 10.07.2017, 12:00 UTC , website of the Free University of Berlin;
    Weather situation as of July 10, 2017, 12 UTC. ZAMG Current weather map and map archive .
82. ↑ ^{a b} DWD weather map forecast for Wed July 12 , 2017, 12:00 UTC , website of the Free University of Berlin.
83. ↑ ^{a b c d} DWD weather map forecast for Fri 14.07.2017, 12:00 UTC , website of the Free University of Berlin;
    Weather situation as of July 14, 2017, 12 UTC. ZAMG Current weather map and map archive .
84. ↑ ^{a b} The FU Berlin only names those action centers that are weather-effective in Germany. The highs and lows of the Mediterranean and Southeastern Europe are typically not taken into account; see naming for weather events: naming in Germany .
85. ↑ Humidity 33 degrees after heavy hailstorms: Who could it hit today? In: Kleine Zeitung online, July 7, 2017.
86. ↑ Attack from the south. In: MeteoSchweiz blog , July 9, 2017.
87. ↑ Cyprus' record heat wave claims lives of 2 people. Associated Press, in Mail online July 3, 2017.
88. ↑ Great heat expected in the Balkans. Thomas Sävert in the Kachelmannwetter weather channel , July 8, 2017.
89. ^ Nouveau coup de chaleur sur la France. In: MeteoFrance: Actualité , July 7, 2017.
90. ↑ ^{a b c} Hail seriously damages agriculture - 4.5 million euros in damage in Carinthia, Burgenland and Styria. ( Memento of July 29, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Austrian Hagelversicherung: Press , July 5, 2017.
91. ↑ Storms devastate parts of Carinthia. wetter.at, July 6, 2017;
    Hail and heavy rain caused 55 missions. In: Kronenzeitung online, July 6, 2017.
92. ↑ Hailstorm over Styria . In: Oberösterreichische Nachrichten online, nachrichten.at/apa, July 5, 2017;
    Storm with hurricane gusts and hail in Styria. In: Kronenzeitung online, July 7, 2017.
93. ↑ Severe storms in southern Burgenland. ORF Burgenland online, July 6, 2017.
94. ↑ Storm surprised Velm-Götzendorf. ORF Lower Austria online, July 6, 2017.
95. ↑ Hailstorms caused severe damage to Styrian agriculture again. ( Memento from July 29, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Austrian Hagelversicherung: Press , July 7, 2017.
96. ^ Record absolu de pluie à Paris. In: MeteoFrance: Actualité , July 10, 2017.
97. ↑ Hot and thunderstorm. In: MeteoSchweiz blog , July 8, 2017.
98. ↑ Three- digit million damage after violent thunderstorms in Aargau. blick.ch, July 9, 2017;
    Land under in Aargau. In: Aargauer Zeitung online, last updated July 11, 2017;
    Zofingen: Storm damage increases to 110 million francs. In: NZZ online, July 14, 2017.
99. ↑ Storm rages in Bolzano. unsertirol24.com, July 9, 2017.
100. ↑ Storm: thunderstorm roller rolls over Austria. In: Online today , July 8, 2017.
101. ↑ Severe weather: damage caused by hail and fires after lightning strikes. In: die Presse online, July 9, 2017;
     118,000 lightning bolts! Storms cause chaos in Austria. wetter.at, July 10, 2017.
102. ↑ Violent thunderstorms in the Tiroler Unterland and in East Tyrol. In: Kurier online, July 10, 2017.
103. ↑ Storm: Many missions in the industrial district. In: Online today , July 10, 2017;
     Hailstorms cause damage in Lower Austria. ( Memento from July 29, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Austrian Hagelversicherung: Press , July 9, 2017.
104. ↑ Severe weather with a tornado leaves a catastrophic trail through southern Vienna and Lower Austria - damage to agriculture: 15 million euros. ( Memento from July 29, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Austrian Hagelversicherung: Press , July 10, 2017.
105. ↑ ^{a b} The worst hailstorm to date was a € 20 million damage on July 23, 2009; Damage worth millions from storms. And storms: 230 fire services. ORF online, July 11, 2017.
106. ↑ Million damage after storm around Vechta. NDR online, July 8, 2017.
107. ↑ Severe storms in Poland . News.at, July 8, 2017.
108. ↑ Numerous damage after storms in Northern Hesse. FAZ online, July 13, 2017.
109. ↑ Spectacular isolated severe supercell over NE Slovenia - July 11, 2017. and Spectacular supercells over Hungary - July 11, 2017. severe-weather.eu, both July 12, 2017.
110. ↑ ^{a b c} DWD weather map forecast for Wed July 19, 2017, 12:00 UTC , website of the Free University of Berlin;
     Weather situation from July 19, 2017, 12 UTC. ZAMG Current weather map and map archive .
111. ↑ ^{a b} DWD weather map forecast for Mon 24.07.2017, 12:00 UTC , website of the Free University of Berlin;
     Weather situation as of July 24, 2017, 12 UTC. ZAMG Current weather map and map archive .
112. ↑ ^{a b} Further heat and fire hazard in southern Europe. Thomas Sävert in the Kachelmannwetter weather channel , July 27, 2017.
113. ↑ ^{a b} Southern Europe swelters as heatwave sparks wildfires and closes tourist sites. In: The Guardian online, July 13, 2017.
114. ↑ ^{a b c} Forest fires in Europe. euronews.com, last updated July 17, 2017.
115. ↑ Italy: Storms, heat and forest fires. wetter.de, July 17, 2017:
     Heat and drought feed wildfires in Italy, beaches near Rome threatened. In: Reuters online, July 18, 2017.
116. ↑ Forest fires: Montenegro seeks help from Brussels. In: Die Presse online, July 17, 2017.
117. ↑ Forest fires in the south of France: Around 10,000 people brought to safety. In: NZZ online, July 26, 2017.
118. ↑ ^{a b} France and Portugal: Forest fires spread. In: Tagesschau online, July 26, 2017.
119. ↑ ^{a b} Rome facing water rationing as Italy suffers third spring for 60 years. And Romans threatened with water rationing as Italy's heatwave drags on. In: The Guardian , July 24, 2017.
120. ↑ Floods and mudslides in Bozen and the surrounding area. stol.it, July 14, 2017.
121. ↑ Storms in Istanbul caused traffic chaos. In: Der Standard online, July 18, 2017.
122. ↑ Hot and record thunderstorms in Adelboden. In: MeteoSchweiz blog , July 19, 2017 (with section 32 to 34 degrees - nothing special? Oh yes, if you look back to the previous decades ).
123. ↑ ^{a b} Severe weather over Germany: thunderstorms, hail, heavy rain. In: Tagesschau online, July 20, 2017;
     Violent storms hit large parts of Germany. In: Spiegel online , July 20, 2017;
     Storms cause severe damage. In: Zeit online , July 20, 2017;
     Live weather ticker thunderstorms / thunderstorms on Thursday. In: Wetterkanal Kachelmannwetter , July 20, 2017.
124. ↑ The record storm in numbers: Heavy rain in Cologne for more than 70 years. In: Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger , July 20, 2017.
125. ↑ Storms swept over Austria. wetter.at, July 19, 2017;
     Thunderstorms are possible again today. In: Oberösterreichische Nachrichten online, July 21, 2017.
126. ↑ Review of yesterday's thunderstorm fireworks. In: MeteoSchweiz blog , July 22, 2017.
127. ↑ Thunderstorms and heavy rain hit Hessen. In FAZ online, July 23, 2017.
128. ↑ Another severe storm in Istanbul. Thomas Sävert in the Kachelmannwetter weather channel , July 27, 2017.
129. ↑ Rain, rain and rain again . And deep ALFRED - built close to the water. DWD topic of the day , 25th resp. July 26, 2017.
130. ↑ Several villages are evacuated: "Alfred" floods the center of Germany. And clean-up work in the Harz Mountains: masses of rain flood the Hildesheim district. n-tv online, 25th resp. July 26, 2017.
131. ↑ Unusual weather in Spain: hailstones the size of tennis balls damage cars and roofs. In: stern online, July 25, 2017.
132. ↑ Storm front with hail transforms stalls on the Adriatic into winter landscapes. wetter.de, July 27, 2017.
133. ↑ ^{a b} DWD weather map forecast for Saturday, July 29th, 2017, 12:00 UTC , website of the Free University of Berlin;
     Weather situation as of July 29, 2017, 12 UTC. ZAMG Current weather map and map archive .
134. ↑ ^{a b c} DWD weather map forecast for Tue 01.08.2017, 12:00 UTC , website of the Free University of Berlin;
     Weather situation as of August 1, 2017, 12 UTC. ZAMG Current weather map and map archive .
135. ↑ Arriva LUCIFERO dal 31 Luglio Super-ondata di Caldo sull'Italia: Caronte cederà lo scettro del caldo all'infernale Lucifero; temperature roventi quasi ovunque. ilmeteo.it: News / Cronaca Meteo / Italia , July 29, 2017.
136. ↑ ^{a b} DWD weather map forecast for Sa 05.08.2017, 12:00 UTC , website of the Free University of Berlin;
     Weather situation as of August 5, 2017, 12 UTC. ZAMG Current weather map and map archive .
137. ↑ ^{a b c} DWD weather map forecast for Tue 08.08.2017, 12:00 UTC , website of the Free University of Berlin;
     Weather situation as of August 8, 2017, 12 UTC. ZAMG Current weather map and map archive .
138. ↑ ^{a b c} DWD weather map forecast for Fri 11.08.2017, 12:00 UTC , website of the Free University of Berlin;
     Weather situation as of August 11, 2017, 12 UTC. ZAMG Current weather map and map archive .
139. ↑ heat bell over southern Europe. And the cold FRITZ. DWD topic of the day , July 28th resp. 3rd August 2017.
140. ↑ ^{a b} Enormous temperature contrasts in central Central Europe. wetter.net, August 8, 2017.
141. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g} Follow up on the heat wave - Tuesday, August 1st, 2017. - Thursday, August 3rd, 2017. And Peak of heat wave & likely record breaking heat today - Friday, August 4th, 2017. severe -weather.eu, 1st, 3rd resp. August 4, 2017 - countries affected by peak temperatures.
142. ↑ Meddig tart és milyen maximumokkal tetőzik az év eddigi legerősebb hőhulláma? OMSZ: Meteorológiai hírek , August 1, 2017 ('Duration and peaks of the strongest heat wave of the year up to date?'; With Europe meteo alarm map of the day).
143. ↑ ^{a b c} Heat wave and forest fires plague southern Europe. ORF online, August 4, 2017.
144. ↑ ^{a b} Beyond 40 degrees: The heat fosters forest fires in Tunisia and Algeria. dpa, in hna.de, August 4, 2017.
145. ↑ Novi apsolutni temperaturni rekordi: Split aerodrom 42.3 ° C, Zadar Zemunik, Pazin, Parg. In: Crometeo: Hrvatska , August 2, 2017;
     Hottest Temperature in Europe Recorded in Croatia. croatiaweek.com, August 3, 2017.
146. ↑ Vague de chaleur sur le Sud-Est. And températures contrastées ce week-end. In: MeteoFrance: Actualité , 1. resp. 3rd August 2017.
147. ↑ ^{a b c} The Latest: Wildfires in Albania threaten a national park. ( Memento of August 14, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Associated Press, in abcnews online, August 3, 2017.
148. ↑ Deaths from heat waves and forest fires in Italy. ORF online, August 3, 2017.
149. ↑ ^{a b} Three fatalities from fires in Italy. In: Kleine Zeitung online, August 7, 2017.
150. ↑ New heat wave in Cyprus: 40 degrees in the shade. In: Der Standard online, July 31, 2017
151. ↑ ^{a b} Italy declares a state of emergency in two regions. In: Spiegel online, August 8, 2017.
152. ↑ Intense severe thunderstorms in eastern France, Luxembourg and Germany last night - August 1, 2017. severe-weather.eu, August 1, 2017.
153. ↑ Une France coupée en deux par les orages. In: MeteoFrance: Actualité , July 31, 2017.
154. ↑ Severe storm over Hessen: fallen trees, failed electricity. In: FAZ online, August 1, 2017; Balance: 35,000 hectares of land damaged by storms. Alex Niedermayr in: agrarmanager , online at agrarheute.com, August 2, 2017.
155. ↑ ^{a b} Previous record value in Switzerland 33.6 mm / 10 min in Locarno-Monti, 2003; Surprising southwest exposure. And stabilization after a record thunderstorm at night. In: MeteoSwiss blog , July 31, resp. 2nd August 2017.
156. ↑ Twelve year old was killed by a tree in a storm. In: Oberösterreichische Nachrichten online, July 31, 2017.
157. ↑ Severe weather kept fire services on their toes. tirol.ORF.at, July 31, 2017;
     Damage after heavy rain and storm in Tyrol. In: Die Presse online , July 31, 2017.
158. ↑ ^{a b} Severe storms and excessive rainfall over the Alpine region on Sunday, Aug 6th 2017. severe-weather.eu, August 4, 2017;
     After the storms in Austria and Northern Italy. wetter.net, August 6, 2017;
     Clearing up in Austria and Italy: Munich mountaineer dies in storms. ( Memento from August 12, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) In: BR online, August 7, 2017.
159. ↑ Storms leave severe devastation / valleys cut off from the outside world. ORF.at, August 5, 2017;
     Heavy rain in Austria: Grossarltal accessible again. In: NZZ online, August 7, 2017.
160. ↑ ^{a b c d} Severe storms sweep over Austria. wetter.at, ticker started August 4, 2017;
     Storms claim dead and injured. In: Kurier online, August 6, 2017;
     Felbertauernstrasse buried by Mure. In: Online today , August 6, 2017.
161. ↑ This area was already badly affected by debris flows in July 2011 .
162. ↑ Severe weather: Politics pledges help. steiermark.ORF.at, August 6, 2017.
163. ↑ ^{a b} Thunderstorms and forest fires Deaths in storms in Italy. In: Spiegel online, August 7, 2017.
164. ↑ Numerous barriers after mudslides. stol.it, August 6, 2017.
165. ↑ Heavy storms are causing chaos again in Germany. wetter.de, August 5, 2017.
166. ↑ Violent thunderstorm night: 500 knocked down trees, lightning strikes and masses of rain. wetter.de, August 11, 2017.
167. ↑ After heavy rain in Ticino, the weather calmed down today. In: MeteoSchweiz blog , August 9, 2017.
168. ↑ Italy: Storms move across the Adriatic. wetter.de, August 11, 2017
169. ↑ ^{a b c} Extreme weather in Europe: Minister seriously injured. In: Zeit online, August 11, 2017.
170. ↑ Violent storms caused devastation in Austria. In: Tiroler Tageszeitung online, 11 August 2017;
     Complex work after heavy storms. steiermark.ORF.at, August 11, 2017;
     Storm: 1,200 firefighters on duty. noe.ORF.at, August 11, 2017.
171. ↑ ^{a b} Violent storms in Poland and the Czech Republic: 5 dead. wetter.de, August 13, 2017
172. ↑ ^{a b c} DWD weather map forecast for Tue 15.08.2017, 12:00 UTC , website of the Free University of Berlin;
     Weather situation as of August 15, 2017, 12 UTC. ZAMG Current weather map and map archive .
173. ↑ ^{a b c d} DWD weather map forecast for Sat 19.08.2017, 12:00 UTC , website of the Free University of Berlin;
     Weather situation as of August 19, 2017, 12 UTC. ZAMG Current weather map and map archive .
174. ↑ Red alert: severe weather warning for Austria. heute.at, August 18, 2017 - with severe weather warning, temperature and precipitation skare of the day.
175. ^ Another big fires in Portugal. Thomas Sävert in wetterkanal.kachelmannwetter, August 11, 2017;
     Trapped in the flames. In: ARD Tagesschau online, August 17, 2017.
176. ↑ 1800 hectares in Corsica devastated by forest fire. In: Zeit online, August 12, 2017.
177. ↑ Forest fires in Greece are ongoing. In: Der Standard online, August 15, 2017;
     Huge forest fires: Greece asks EU for help. In: FAZ online, August 16, 2017.
178. ↑ Armenia: Khosrov Wildfire Continues to Burn. hetq.am, August 15, 2017.
179. ↑ Greatest fire risk declared in Ukraine. ukrinform.de, August 21, 2017.
180. ↑ Hardly anything going on in the interim high : Brief review In: MeteoSchweiz blog , August 16, 2017.
181. ↑ Heavy storms on Tuesday. wetter.net, August 16, 2017.
182. ↑ The Calm Before the Storm. And significant weather calming. In: MeteoSwiss blog , 18th resp. August 19, 2017;
     After thunderstorms: roads closed and cellars flooded. In: Luzerner Zeitung online, August 18, 2017.
183. ↑ Numerous fire brigade operations after storms in Vorarlberg. vol.at, August 18, 2017.
184. ↑ ^{a b} Storms paralyze several regions. In: Zeit online, August 19, 2017;
     Heavy thunderstorms over Germany: Bavaria was particularly hard hit. wetter.de, August 21, 2017;
     Severe storms in southern Germany and Austria. wetter.net, August 16, 2017.
185. ↑ Problems in train traffic due to bad weather. In: Kleine Zeitung online, August 19, 2017
186. ↑ Storm: 150,000 households without electricity. heute.at, August 19, 2017.
187. ↑ "On Friday night the clocks stopped in Saiga Hans". And rescue workers in St. Johann: "Such a storm was unpredictable". In: Oberösterreichische Nachrichten online, both August 19, 2017.
188. ↑ ^{a b c} DWD weather map forecast for Wed 23.08.2017, 12:00 UTC , website of the Free University of Berlin;
     Weather situation as of August 23, 2017, 12 UTC. ZAMG Current weather map and map archive .
189. ↑ ^{a b c} DWD weather map forecast for Sun 27.08.2017, 12:00 UTC , website of the Free University of Berlin;
     Weather situation as of August 27, 2017, 12 UTC. ZAMG Current weather map and map archive .
190. ↑ ^{a b} DWD weather map forecast for Fri 01.09.2017, 12:00 UTC , website of the Free University of Berlin;
     Weather situation as of September 1, 2017, 12 UTC. ZAMG Current weather map and map archive .
191. ↑ Ibero-French moisturizer. In: MeteoSwiss blog , August 27, 2017.
192. ↑ Media España en alerta por tormentas, granizo y calor. ABC.es, August 23, 2017;
     Los contrastes de España: quince provincias en riesgo por fuertes lluvias y tres en avisos por calor. Bolsamania.com, August 29, 2017.
193. ↑ Une semaine souvent estivale. And fin de semaine: très chaud dans le sud, parfois orageux au nord. In: MeteoFrance: Actualité , 21. resp. 23rd August 2017.
194. ↑ A hétvégére visszatér a kánikula OMSZ: Meteorológiai hírek , August 24, 2017 ('The heat is coming back for the weekend'; with forecast maps August 26/27).
195. ↑ Posljednji vikend kolovoza u znaku vrućina. Crometeo.hr, August 26th 2017 ('The last weekend of August with heat').
196. ↑ ^{a b} Capricious weather in the Alps: floods and snow. wetteronline.de, September 2, 2017.
197. ^ ^{A b} Forest fires in Greece and Bulgaria. In: der Standard online, August 28, 2017.
198. ↑ Another striking thunderstorm disturbance. And the calm after the storm. In: MeteoSwiss blog , 24th resp. August 25, 2017.
199. ↑ Fire brigades in constant use due to severe weather. vorarlberg.ORF.at, August 25, 2017.
200. ↑ Storm: fire brigade has to secure the tent of Jazzfest Saalfelden. In: Salzburger Nachrichten online, 25 August 2017.
201. ↑ Severe weather in central Germany. In: der Standard online, August 26, 2017.
202. ^ Severe weather in Pinzgau: Mure in Kaprun and hail operations in Neukirchen. salzburg24.at, August 28, 2017.
203. ↑ Storm: Roofs and cars damaged. noe.ORF.at, August 28, 2017;
     Severe storm damage in Salzburg and Lower Austria. wetter.at, August 28, 2017.
204. ↑ Styria: Storms cause chaos. wetter.at, August 29, 2017.
205. ↑ Weather change in Germany: Storm uproots trees in the Münsterland. t-online.de, August 31, 2017.
206. ^ Upper Styria: All-clear after storms. steiermark.ORF.at, September 1, 2017;
     50,000 lightning bolts: That was how heavy the hail storm was. heute.at, August 28, 2017.
207. ↑ Choppy and cooler. In: MeteoSwiss blog , September 1, 2017.
208. ↑ Krimml: Mountain tour on a glacier ends in tragedy - five dead. In: Salzburger Nachrichten online, August 28, 2017.
209. ↑ The Bondo rockslide is a long-lasting collapse of a north face due to the decline in high alpine permafrost (post-mudslides were, however, directly caused by heavy rainfall); the mountain accident was slipping on a bare glacier, many classic glacier routes in the Alps have become completely snow-free and highly dangerous in the last years, which were abnormally warm even at high altitudes.
210. ↑ ^{a b} JRC Drought Team and ERCC Analytical Team, European Drought Observatory - EDO: Severe drought in Italy - July 2017. EDO Analytical Report, July 27, 2017 (pdf, edo.jrc.ec.europa.eu, accessed July 28 2017).
211. ↑ ^{a b c d} SOS water - Italy and Spain are on dry land. In: Die Zeit online, June 24, 2017.
212. ↑ Très sec venteux et dans le Sud-Est. In: MeteoFrance: Actualité , July 26th 2017 - especially graphic Indice d'humidité des sols agrégé: Corse and Var in mid-July.
213. ↑ Italy experiences a historic heat wave. telebasel.ch, August 2, 2017.
214. ^ Drought Management Center for Southeastern Europe - DMCSEE: Drought Monitoring Bulletin for SE Europe. May 2017 . June 12, 2017 (pdf, dmcsee.org, accessed July 28, 2017).
215. ↑ Drought: Wasted water in Italy through old pipes. stol.it, June 24, 2017.
216. ↑ study of Coldiretti, cited in
     Emergenza siccità e Roghi, turni per l'acqua a Roma. Coldiretti: due terzi d'Italia a secco. In: Rai News , July 23, 2017;
     and Siccità, 10 Regioni pronte a chiedere lo stato di calamità e le misure di sostegno per le aziende. Repubblica.it, July 23, 2017.
217. ↑ 2017 Annual Global Climate and Catastrophe Report ( English , PDF; 9.3 MB) In: Thought Leadership Website . Aon Benfield. February 24, 2018. Retrieved February 25, 2017.
218. ↑ Extremely warm Adriatic sea - and getting (much!) Warmer by the end of the week! severe-weather.eu, August 3, 2017;
     Ekstremno toplo Jadransko more. Crometeo: Hrvatska , August 5, 2017.
219. ↑ The first July without a summer day threatens for 38 years. In: Der Nordschleswiger online, July 25, 2017;
     Summer in Denmark and Schleswig does not exist. shz.de, July 28, 2017.

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