List of heads of state 1423

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Africa

• Egypt ( Burjiyya dynasty )
  • Sultan : al-Ashraf Saif ad-Din Barsbay (1422–1438)

• Algeria ( Abdalwadiden )
  • Sultan : Abu Malik Abd al-Wahid (1411-1424)

• Ethiopia
  • Emperor (Negus Negest) : Isaac (1414–1429)

• Ifriqiya (East Algeria, Tunisia) ( Hafsiden )
  • Caliph : Abd al-Aziz II. (1394-1434)

• Jolof (in what is now Senegal )
  • Buur-ba Jolof : Tyukuli N'Diklam (1420-1440)

• Kanem Bornu ( Sefuwa Dynasty )
  • King / May: Dunama III. (1422-1424)

• Kano
  • King: Daud (1421–1438)

• Morocco ( Merinids )
  • Sultan : Abdalhaqq II. (1420-1465)

America

• Aztec Empire
  • Tlatoani : Chimalpopoca (1417-1427)

• Inca Empire
  • Inca : Viracocha Inca (1410–1438)

Asia

• Ak Koyunlu
  • Ruler : Qara Yülük Uthman (1389-1453)

• China ( Ming Dynasty )
  • Emperor : Yongle (1402–1424)

• Japan
  • Emperor : Shōkō (1412–1428)
  • Shogun Ashikaga : Ashikaga Yoshimochi (1394-1423)
  • Shogun Ashikaga: Ashikaga Yoshikazu (1423-1425)

• Korea ( Joseon Dynasty )
  • King : Sejong (1418–1450)

• Persia
  • Sultan ( Timurid dynasty): Shah Ruch (1406–1447)

• Thailand
  • King : Nakarintharathirat (1409–1424)

• Trebizond
  • Emperor : Alexios IV (1417–1429)

Europe

• Andorra
  • Co-princes :
    • Countess of Foix : Isabelle (1398–1428)
    • Count of Foix: Johann I (1412–1436)
    • Bishop of Urgell : Francesc de Tovia (1416–1436)

• Byzantine Empire
  • Emperor : Manuel II. Palaiologos (1391–1425)

• Denmark (1397–1523 personal union with Norway and Sweden)
  • King : Erich VII (1397–1439)

• Teutonic Order State
  • Grand Master : Paul von Rusdorf (1422–1441)
• England
  • King : Henry VI. (1422-1461) (1470-1471)

• France
  • King : Charles VII, the Victorious (1422–1461)

• Holy Roman Empire
  • King : Sigismund (1411–1437) emperor from 1433
  • Electorates
    • Archbishopric of Cologne
      • Archbishop : Dietrich II. Von Moers (1414–1463)
    • Archbishopric Mainz
      • Archbishop : Konrad III. von Dhaun (1419–1434)
    • Archbishopric Trier
      • Archbishop : Otto von Ziegenhain (1418–1430)
    • Bohemia
      • King : Sigismund (1420–1437)
    • Brandenburg
      • Margrave : Friedrich I (1415-1440)
    • Electoral Palatinate
      • Count Palatine : Ludwig III. (1410-1436)
    • Saxony
      • Elector : Albrecht IV. (1419–1423)
      • Elector: Frederick I the Arguable (1423–1428)
  • spiritual principalities
    • Hochstift Augsburg
      • Bishop : Anselm von Nenningen (1414–1423)
    • Bamberg Monastery
      • Bishop : Friedrich III. von Aufseß (1421–1431)
    • Hochstift Basel
      • Bishop : Johann IV. Von Fleckenstein (1423–1436)
    • Besançon Archbishopric
      • Archbishop : Thiébaud de Rougemont (1405–1429)
    • Brandenburg Monastery
      • Bishop : Stephan Bodecker (1421–1459)
    • Archbishopric Bremen
      • Archbishop : Nikolaus von Oldenburg-Delmenhorst (1421–1435)
    • Brixen monastery
      • Bishop : Bertold von Bückelsburg (1418–1427)
    • Cambrai Monastery
      • Bishop : Jean V. de Gavre (1411–1438)
    • Hochstift Cammin
      • Bishop : Magnus of Saxony-Lauenburg (1410–1424)
    • Chiemsee Abbey
      • Bishop : Sedisvakanz (1422–1423)
    • Chur Monastery
      • Bishop : John IV Naso (1418–1440)
    • Eichstätt Monastery
      • Bishop : Johann II. Von Heideck (1415–1429)
    • Hochstift Freising
      • Bishop : Nicodemus della Scala (1422–1443)
    • Geneva Monastery
      • Bishop : Jean Courtecuisse (1422–1423)
      • Bishop: Jean de Brogny (1423–1426)
    • Hochstift Gurk
      • Bishop : Ernst Auer von Herrenkirchen (1411–1432)
    • Halberstadt Monastery
      • Bishop : John of Hoym (1419–1437)
    • Hochstift Havelberg
      • Bishop : Otto I. von Rohr (1401–1427)
    • Hildesheim Monastery
      • Bishop : John I of Hoya (1399–1424)
    • Constance monastery
      • Bishop : Otto III. von Hachberg (1410–1434)
    • Lausanne bishopric
      • Bishop : Guillaume IV. De Challant (1406–1431)
    • Lavant Monastery
      • Bishop : Friedrich Deys (1422–1424) (1424–1429 Bishop of Chiemsee)
    • Lübeck bishopric
      • Bishop : John VII Schele (1420–1439)
    • Liège Monastery
      • Bishop : Johann VIII. Von Heinsberg (1419–1455)
    • Archbishopric Magdeburg
      • Archbishop : Günther II. Von Schwarzburg (1403–1445)
    • Meissen Abbey
      • Bishop : Rudolf von der Planitz (1411–1427)
    • Merseburg Monastery
      • Bishop : Nikolaus Lubich (1411–1431)
    • Metz bishopric
      • Bishop : Conrad II. Bayer von Boppard (1415–1459)
    • Hochstift Minden
      • Bishop : Wilbrand von Hallermund (1406–1436)
    • Monastery of Münster
      • Bishop : Otto IV. Von Hoya (1392–1424)
    • Naumburg Monastery
      • Bishop : Johann II von Schleinitz (1422–1434)
    • Osnabrück Monastery
      • Administrator : Otto IV. Von Hoya (1410–1424)
    • Paderborn Monastery
      • Administrator : Dietrich III. von Moers (1415–1463)
    • Passau bishopric
      • Bishop : Georg von Hohenlohe (1390–1423)
      • Bishop: Leonhard von Laiming (1423-1451)
    • Ratzeburg Monastery
      • Bishop : John I of Trempe (1419–1431)
    • Regensburg Monastery
      • Bishop : Johann II von Streitberg (1421–1428)
    • Archbishopric Salzburg
      • Archbishop : Eberhard III. von Neuhaus (1403–1427)
    • Schwerin Monastery
      • Bishop : Heinrich III. by Wangelin (1419–1429)
    • Seckau monastery
      • Bishop : Ulrich IV. Von Albeck (1417–1431) (1407–1417 Bishop of Verden)
    • Hochstift Sitten
      • Bishop : Andreas di Gualdo (1418–1437)
    • Speyer Monastery
      • Bishop : Raban von Helmstatt (1396–1438)
    • Strasbourg Monastery
      • Bishop : Wilhelm II of Diest (1394–1439)
    • Toul Monastery
      • Bishop : Henry II. De la Ville-sur-Illon (1409–1436)
    • Hochstift Trento
      • Bishop : Heinrich IV. Flechtel (1422–1423)
    • Utrecht Monastery
      • Bishop : Friedrich von Blankenheim (1393–1423)
    • Verden Monastery
      • Bishop : Henry II of Verden (1407–1426)
    • Verdun Monastery
      • Administrator : Ludwig I of Bar (1420–1423) (1424–1430)
      • Bishop: Raimundus (1423)
      • Bishop: Wilhelm von Montjoie (1423–1424)
    • Hochstift Worms
      • Bishop : John II of Fleckenstein (1410–1426)
    • Würzburg Monastery
      • Bishop : Johann II. Von Brunn (1411–1440)
  • secular principalities
    • Stop
      • Principality of Anhalt-Bernburg
        • Prince : Bernhard VI. (1420–1468)
      • Principality of Anhalt-Köthen
        • Prince : George I (1405–1474)
      • Anhalt-Zerbst
        • Prince : Albrecht III. (1382 / 96–1424)
    • to bathe
      • Margrave : Bernhard I (1372–1431)
    • Bavaria
      • Bavaria-Ingolstadt
        • Duke : Louis VII, the bearded (1413–1447)
      • Bavaria-Landshut
        • Duke : Henry XVI. (1393-1450)
      • Bavaria-Munich (joint rule)
        • Duke : Ernst (1397–1438)
        • Duke: Wilhelm III. (1397-1435)
      • Bavaria-Straubing-Holland
        • Duke : Johann III. Mercy (1404–1425)
        • Duchess: Jakobäa (1417–1435)
    • Berg (from 1423 personal union with Jülich)
      • Duke : Adolf VII (1408–1437)
    • Brabant and Limburg
      • Duke : Johann IV. (1415-1427)
    • Duchy of Brunswick-Lueneburg
      • Braunschweig-Göttingen
        • Duke : Otto II (1394–1463)
      • Braunschweig-Grubenhagen
        • Duke: Erich I (1383-1427) (until 1389 under guardianship)
      • Braunschweig-Lüneburg (joint rule 1416–1428)
        • Duke : Henry II (1416–1428)
        • Duke: Wilhelm I (1416–1428)
      • Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel
        • Duke : Bernhard I (1400–1428)
    • Flanders (personal union with Burgundy)
      • Count : Philip the Good (1419–1467)
    • Geldern (1393-1423 in personal union with Jülich)
      • Duke : Rainald IV. (1402–1423)
      • Duke: Arnold von Egmond (1423–1465) (1471–1473)
    • Hanau
      • Lord : Reinhard II. (1404–1452) (count from 1429)
    • Hainaut
      • Countess : Jakobäa (1417–1433)
      • Count: Johann III. (1418-1425)
    • Hesse
      • Landgrave : Ludwig I (1413-1458)
    • Holland rule controversial
      • Countess : Jakobäa (1417–1433)
      • Count: Johann III. (1418-1425)
    • Jülich (1393–1423 in personal union with Geldern; from 1423 in personal union with Berg)
      • Duke : Rainald I (1402–1423)
      • Duke: Adolf (1423–1437)
    • Kleve
      • Duke : Adolf II (1394–1448) (count until 1417)
    • Ortenburg
      • Count : Etzel I. (1422–1444)
    • Ravensberg
      • Count : Wilhelm II. (1402–1428)
    • Württemberg
      • Count : Ludwig I (1419–1442 / 50) (until 1426 under guardianship)
      • Count: Ulrich V. the much-loved (1419–1442 / 80) (until 1433 under guardianship)

• Italian states
  • Estonian
    • Margrave : Taddeo d'Este (1415–1448)
  • Ferrara, Modena and Reggio
    • Lord : Niccolò III. d'Este (1393–1441)
  • Genoa
    • under the rule of Milan (1421–1435)
  • Papal States
    • Pope : Martin V (1417–1431)
  • Milan
    • Duke : Filippo Maria Visconti (1412–1447)
  • Mantua
    • Count : Gianfrancesco I. Gonzaga (1407–1444) (from 1433 margrave)
  • Montferrat
    • Margrave : Johann Jakob (1418–1431) (1433–1445)
  • Naples
    • Queen : Joan II (1414–1435)
  • Rimini
    • Lord : Carlo Malatesta (1385–1429)
  • Saluzzo
    • Margrave : Ludwig I (1416–1475)
  • San Marino
    • Capitano Reggente: Francesco di Bartoccino (1422–1423)
    • Capitano Reggente: Antonio di Benedetto Tosetto (1422–1423)
    • Capitano Reggente: Antonio Lunardini (1423)
    • Capitano Reggente: Simone di Menghino Calcigni (1423)
    • Capitano Reggente: Antonio di Marino di Fosco (1423–1424)
    • Capitano Reggente: Giovanni di Paolino Vitola (1423–1424)
  • Savoy
    • Duke : Amadeus VIII. (1391–1434 / 39) (count until 1416)
  • Sicily (1412–1713 to Aragon or Spain )
    • King : Alfonso I (1416-1458)
      • Viceroy : Giovanni de Podio (1421–1423)
      • Viceroy: Arnaldo Ruggiero (1421–1423)
      • Viceroy: Fernán Velázquez de Cuéllar (1419–1421) (1422–1423)
      • Viceroy: Nicolás Speciale (1423–1424) (1425–1432)
  • Venice
    • Doge : Tommaso Mocenigo (1414-1423)
    • Doge: Francesco Foscari (1423-1457)

• Monaco
  • Seigneur : Jean I. (1407-1454)

• Norway
  • King : Erik VII (1412–1442)

• Ottoman Empire
  • Sultan : Murat II. (1421-1451)

• Poland
  • King : Władysław II. Jagiełło (1386–1434)

• Portugal
  • King : John I (1385–1433)

• Russia
  • Grand Duke : Vasily I (1389–1425)

• Scotland
  • King : Jacob I (1406–1437)

• Sweden
  • King : Erik VII (1412–1441)

• Spanish states
  • Aragon
    • King : Alfonso V (1416–1458) (1442–1458 King of Naples)
  • Granada
    • Emir : Muhammad IX. (1419-1427, 1429-1431, 1432-1445, 1448-1453 )
  • Castile
    • King : Johann II. (1406-1454)
  • Navarre
    • King : Charles III. (1387-1425)

• Hungary
  • King : Sigismund (1387–1437)

• Wallachia
  • Prince : Dan III. (1422-1423) (1423-1424) (1424-1426) (1427-1431)
  • Prince: Radu II. Prasnaglava (1420–1422) (1423) (1424) (1426–1427)
  • Prince: Dan III. (1422-1423) (1423-1424) (1424-1426) (1427-1431)

• Cyprus
  • King : Janus (1398–1432)