Warsaw Royal Route
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The Königsweg (also Königstrakt , Polish Trakt Królewski [ ˈtrakt kruˈlɛfskʲi ]) is located in Warsaw , Poland . It begins at the Warsaw Royal Castle , heads south and is one of the longest prestigious streets in the world. Originally it was used to describe the 4-kilometer stretch to the royal Łazienki Park , and later to the Belvedere Palace . Recently, the continuation to the Wilanów Palace of King Jan III, which is 10 kilometers away, has also been started . Including Sobieski . The historical Königstrakt consists of several representative streets, the Krakowskie Przedmieście , the Nowy Świat and the Aleje Ujazdowskie (from north to south). It is connected to Wilanów via the streets Ulica Belwederska , Ulica Jana III Sobieskiego and Aleja Wilanowska .
The Königsweg runs roughly parallel to the Vistula at a distance of a few hundred meters to two kilometers and, together with the Saxon axis running perpendicular to it (in the 18th century) and Jerozolimskie-Allee (in the 19th century), formed the main urban axis Development of Warsaw. Part of it was built on at the beginning of the city's history and connected the former Jazdów settlement with the old town.
Royal Castle
The Warsaw Royal Castle is located at the northern end of the Royal Route. In addition to the actual royal palace, the complex also includes the palace under the tin roof and the gardens of the royal palace.
The Warsaw Royal Castle is built on a fortified wooden building from the 13th / 14th centuries. Century back. Two larger buildings in Gothic style were built in the 15th century. After Warsaw had been designated as the permanent meeting place of the Sejm , a new royal main building was built in the years 1570–71. King Sigismund III. moved the capital of Poland-Lithuania to Warsaw in 1596 and had a new pentagonal castle built between 1598 and 1619. With the partition of Poland in 1795, the castle lost all its functions as the seat of the king, the Sejm and the Senate. In World War II heavily damaged, the castle was later rebuilt. Today there is a museum in the castle with an extensive picture gallery.
Gardens of the Royal Castle
The gardens of the Royal Castle are a renaissance garden that stretched between the Royal Castle and the Vistula. They were expanded and expanded in the Baroque and Classicism. After the Third Partition of Poland, they gradually fell into disrepair and were not restored until the interwar period. Devastated by the German Wehrmacht during World War II , its reconstruction continues to this day.
Palace under the tin roof
The Palace under the Tin Roof (Polish: Pałac pod Blachą ) is a late Baroque palace in Warsaw from the 17th century. The castle was built by the Lubomirski magnate family from 1698 to 1701. In the 18th century it was used by the Warsaw Masonic Lodge. The palace was burned down after the Warsaw Uprising and rebuilt in 1949.
Krakowskie Przedmieście
Krakowskie Przedmieście Street ( Kraków Suburbs ) runs from Palace Square , the then Kraków Gate, to Staszic Palace . Until about 1400 today's street was called Krakauer Vorstadt - Czersker Vorstadt and after the construction of St. Anne's Church and the Bernardine Monastery was called Bernardiner Vorstadt. It was given its current name in the 16th century. The current building dates mainly from the 17th century. Krakowskie Przedmieście was immortalized in the novel “Lalka” ( Doll ) by Bolesław Prus , whose scenes are commemorated on boards on the houses, such as the “Mincel and Wokulski” shop. During the German occupation from 1939 to 1945 the street was called "Krakauer Straße".
Palaces
Presidential palace
The Warsaw Presidential Palace (Polish: Pałac Prezydencki ; also Pałac Koniecpolskich , Pałac Lubomirskich , Pałac Radziwiłłów or Pałac Namiestnikowski ) was built from 1643 to 1645 for the hetman Stanisław Koniecpolski . From 1661 it belonged to the magnate family Lubomirski , which in 1685 the magnate family of Radziwiłł sold, it remained in their hands until the 1817th After the Congress of Vienna it became the seat of the first Russian governor of Congress Poland , General Józef Zajączek .
In the interwar period, the palace was the official seat of the Polish Prime Minister and the government, and the offices of the Council of Ministers were housed in the side wings.
During the Second World War, the palace served as the "German House", a center for Germans in Warsaw. The palace was only slightly damaged in the Warsaw Uprising , so that it was restored from 1947 to 1952 by Teodor Bursche, Antoni Jawornicki and Borys Zinserling and became the seat of the Council of Ministers. After the war, the monument by Józef Antoni Poniatowski by the sculptor Bertel Thorvaldsen was placed on the palace square. In 1955 the Warsaw Pact and in 1970 the Warsaw Treaty were signed by Józef Cyrankiewicz and Willy Brandt in the palace . The round table between the representatives of the communist government and the opposition Solidarność took place here in early 1989.
The castle has been the seat of the Polish President since 1995 . Until now, Lech Wałęsa , Aleksander Kwaśniewski and Lech Kaczyński have resided here.
Potocki Palace
The Potocki Palace ( Pałac Potockich ) was built before 1683 by Józef Piola with a baroque garden for the Dönhoff magnate family . In 1731 the palace was acquired by the Czartoryski . From 1760 to 1766 it was rebuilt in the Rococo style by Ephraim Schröger . In 1765–66 a cord guard designed in the same style by the same architect was added. Samuele Contessa, Jan Chryzostom Redler and Sebastian Zeisel designed the sculptures. In 1782 it came to Izabela Lubomirska , who had it redesigned by Szymon Bogusław Zug. The classical column portal goes back to him. Also in January Chrystian Kamsetzer and the painter Antonio Tombari worked on the building 1790-91. In 1830, Aleksander Potocki became the owner of the palace, who partly rented it to the famous Gebethner und Wolf library. In 1860 Leander Marconi and Władysław Marconi built an exhibition pavilion for Gracjan Unger in the courtyard, which was made available to the Zachęta Gallery from 1884 . Józef Potocki from Antonin acquired the palace in 1886, who from 1896 had it generally restored by Władysław Marconi. The beautiful cast iron gate goes back to him. From 1924 the palace served as the Swedish embassy and was destroyed by the German armed forces in 1944. It was reconstructed by Zygmunt Stępiński in 1948–1950 based on a design by Jan Zachwatowicz . From the original palace only the guard with sculptures by Sebastian Zeisl, the gates in the neo-coco style and the decorative grille have been preserved. Today the palace houses the Ministry of Culture and Art.
Czapski Palace
The Czapski Palace ( Pałac Czapskich ) was built from 1686 to 1705, designed by Tylman van Gameren in place of an older palace belonging to the Lithuanian Grand Marshal Aleksander Ludwik Radziwiłł and, since 1654, his son, the Lithuanian hetman and chancellor Michał Kazimierz Radziwiłł . In 1681 the palace went to Michael Stephan Radziejowski , Bishop of Warmia , cardinal since 1686 and Archbishop of Gnesen since 1687 . His son Michał Prażmowski sold the palace to the Great Hetman of the Crown Adam Sieniawski in 1712. From 1713 to 1718 he had the palace rebuilt by Augustyn Wincenty Locci , Karol Bay and Kacper Bażanka . The palace later passed to the Czartoryski magnate family , who sold it to the banker Piotr de Riacour in 1732 . In 1735 the Voivode and Grand Treasurer of the Crown of Chełm Jan Ansgary Czapski acquired the palace. Antonio Caspar and Samuele Contessa created the facade statues in 1743/1744. The renovation from 1752 to 1765 gave the palace its current late baroque shape. Jan Chrystian Kamsetzer added two offices in 1790. At the end of the 18th century a baroque palace garden was laid out, in the place of which the offices were expanded in 1848. After Stanisław Małachowski's death , Maria Urszula Radziwiłłówna , the wife of General Wincenty Krasiński , bought the palace. In 1851/1852 the palace was rebuilt by Henryk Marconi and from 1860 it was partly used as a public library. A pavilion was added in 1867. Julian Antkiewicz rebuilt the office in 1890 and Jan Kacper Heurich and Stefan Szyller designed the interior. The palace subsequently belonged to the Radziejowski, Sieniawski , Czartoryski , Małachowski, Krasiński , Raczyński , Zamoyski and Czapski magnate families . Today there are studios for painting and graphics as well as the salon in which the Chopin family lived from 1826 to 1830. The marshal of the four-year-old Sejm Stanisław Małachowski (1786–1890), the artist Zygmunt Vogel (1808–1828) and the poet Zygmunt Krasiński (until 1859) also lived here. There is a copy of a statue by Verrocchi , the Colleoni monument , in the paleo courtyard. During the bombing of Warsaw by the German air force , the palace with its art treasures and the library were completely destroyed in September 1939. In 1944 the Wehrmacht also blew up the officers. The palace was partially reconstructed by Stanisław Brukalski from 1948 to 1959 and gradually rebuilt until 2004.
Tyszkiewicz Palace
The Tyszkiewicz Palace was built from 1785 to 1792 in the classical style by Jan Chrystian Kamsetzer for the Lithuanian hetman Ludwik Tyszkiewicz . Paolo Casasopra from Gentilino , Giuseppe Amadio from Lugano and Jan Michał Graffa were involved in the decoration work. The atlases go back to Andre le Brun . This was preceded by a construction begun by Stanisław Zawadzki in 1781 , which, however, was not completed due to disputes with the client. The interiors of the billiard hall, shell hall and table hall attracted particular attention. Fryderyk Albert Lessel built the office and the main gate in 1821-22. From 1840 to 1923 it was owned by the Potocki magnate family . Henryk Marconi added an orangery and a carriage house from 1841 to 1846. The writer Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz lived in the palace in the 18th century . The bank of the national economy had its seat here. From 1933 to 1939 the Polish Literature Academy was located in the palace . In 1944 it was burned down by the German Wehrmacht and rebuilt in 1948. Today it serves as a university museum.
Kazimierz Palace
The Kazimierz Palace ( Pałac Kazimierzowski ) was built by King Sigismund III. Wasa built for his sons King Władysław IV. Wasa and John II Casimir as Villa Regia, picturesquely above the steep bank of the Vistula , today Kazimierzowski Park. From 1817-1830 the famous Warsaw Lyzäum was located here . Since 1824 the palace has been the rectorate of Warsaw University .
Uruski Palace
The Uruski Palace was designed and built by Andrzej Gołoński from 1844 to 1847 . It has been owned by the Czetwertyński family since 1855 . After the Warsaw Uprising it was burned down by the Wehrmacht and rebuilt from 1949 to 1951. Today it is the seat of the Institute of Geography at Warsaw University.
Staszic Palace
The Staszic Palace ( Pałac Staszica ) was built from 1820 to 1830 by Antonio Corazzi for the Warsaw Society of Friends of Science in place of a late Baroque church of the Dominican Order and named after the Polish scientist and scholar Stanisław Staszic . In 1830, Bertel Thorvaldsen 's monument to the astronomer, theologian, economist, physician and lawyer Nikolaus Kopernikus was placed on the square in front of the palace. In 1832 the company was dissolved by Tsar Nicholas I and the building was handed over to the lottery management. A boys' grammar school had been located in the palace since 1862. In the years 1892-1893 the palace was rebuilt in the Russian-Byzantine style by Michał Pokrowski and an Orthodox chapel in honor of the Szujski who were buried there was added. From 1924 to 1926, Marian Lalewicz gave him back his previous shape. In the interwar period it was used as the headquarters of Towarzystwo Naukowe Warszawskie ( Warsaw Science Society ). The palace was badly damaged by the German Wehrmacht during World War II and was rebuilt by Piotr Biegański between 1946 and 1950 . Since then it has been the seat of the Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN).
Churches
Holy Cross Church
The three-aisled Holy Cross Church was built between 1679 and 1696 by Józef Szymon Bellotti as the largest Baroque church in Warsaw at the time. The church was donated by Abbot Kazimierz Szczuka and the Polish primate Michael Stephan Radziejowski in place of an older church from 1510 that burned down during the Swedish occupation in 1650. The three baroque altars go back to Tylman van Gameren and Karol Bay . From 1725 to 1727 and from 1753 to 1756 the two facade towers were built by Józef Fontana and his son Giacomo Fontana . The figures of Saints Peter and Paul in the facade were created by Jan Jerzy Plersch . After the destruction of the Polish-Russian War, the entrance stairs were built by Chrystian Piotr Aigner in 1794 . In 1858 the famous figure of Christ with the inscription “Sursum Corda” by Andrzej Pruszyński was placed in front of the main entrance , which was replaced by a bronze copy in 1898. Urns with the hearts of the composer Frédéric Chopin in 1882 and the Nobel Prize winner for literature Władysław Reymont were built into the church pillars. The church was blown up by the German Wehrmacht in 1944 and rebuilt from 1945 to 1953. The work on the reconstruction of the baroque interior continues to this day. The baroque main altar is to be completed in the next few years. The church also has several epitaphs by Bolesław Prus , Józef Ignacy Kraszewski , Juliusz Słowacki and Władysław Sikorski . The miraculous portrait of Saint Jude Thaddäus also deserves special attention .
St. Anne's Church
The St. Anne's Church and St. Anne's Monastery of the Bernardines were built around 1454 in the Gothic style under the patronage of St. Bernard . After the renovation between 1515 and 1533, it was renamed in honor of the donor Princess Anna of Mazovia . From 1578 to 1584, the bell tower was added to the north of the facade, classified in 1783 and restored to Renaissance state in 1821. The Baroque Kryski Chapel was added to the Renaissance chapel of Blessed Ladislaus von Gielniów with its baroque frescoes from the 16th century. In 1657 the church was set on fire by the Swedes. The reconstruction in the baroque style without facade towers was carried out from 1658 to 1667 by Tito Livio Burattini and Giovanni Battista Gisleni . The baroque organ dates from this time. Later on, Tylman van Gameren and Jakub Fontana also worked at the church. In 1788, Stanisław Kostka Potocki and Chrystian Piotr Aigner created today's classicist facade based on the model of St. George's Church in Venice with sculptures by Jakub Monaldi and Franz Pinck , which King Stanislaus II August had donated. The colonnade in front of the church was built by Chrystian Piotr Aigner from 1819 to 1821. In 1837 the Chapel of Our Lady of Loretan was added by Henryk Marconi. The Gothic interior has been modified to Baroque style and has features of the Rococo. The baroque statues, frescoes and polychromes are particularly noteworthy . Next to the church, the St. Anna monastery with a Gothic star vault and the Gothic hall supported by a palm column have been preserved. The Bernardine Order was dissolved in 1864 after the January Uprising and the church was placed under the administration of St. John's Cathedral . The church was badly damaged in the bombing of Warsaw by the German Air Force in 1939 and was pillaged by the German Wehrmacht during the Warsaw Uprising in 1944.
From 1945 it was reconstructed by Beata Trylińska . In 1949 the church threatened to slide down the Warsaw Vistula embankment due to the construction of the east-west underpass. The foundation was then supported by underground reinforced concrete columns.
Since 1928 St. Anne's Church has served as the student parish of the University of Warsaw .
St. Joseph Church
The St. Joseph Church was built by Karol Bay from 1728 to 1733 and by Ephraim Schröger from 1754 to 1763 . Schröger is also the author of the sculptures, the stucco work, the boat-shaped pulpit and the main altar, which were made by Jan Jerzy Plersch . The early baroque tabernacle, a hundred years older, deserves special attention. There are numerous relics in the side altars. Henryk Marconi worked on the building from 1847 to 1848 . The church goes back to a foundation of the Polish Queen Luisa Maria Gonzaga . The classicistic redesign was commissioned by Elżbieta Lubomirska Sieniawska . As one of the few historic churches in Warsaw, it was not destroyed in World War II. Adjacent to it is the baroque monastery of the Visitantinnen , on whose grounds there is a wooden calvary from the early 18th century. In 1986 the Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński by Andrzej Renes was placed in front of the church.
Church of the Assumption of Mary and St. Joseph Her Groom
The baroque Church of the Assumption of Mary and St. Joseph of Her Groom was built between 1661 and 1681 by Józef Szymon Bellotti on the initiative of King John II Casimir and the Primate Michael Stephan Radziejowski . However, the work goes back to 1642. However, due to the Swedish occupation between 1655 and 1660, they could not be completed. It was donated in 1637 by King Władysław IV. Wasa for the Carmelite Order from Krakow . The three baroque altars go back to Karol Bay . Jan Jerzy Plersch created the portraits of the altar group around 1750, the engagement of Mary to Saint Joseph. The church was rebuilt by Ephraim Schröger in the classicist style from 1762 to 1780. From 1859 to 1862 Henryk Marconi built the chapel of the tomb of Christ. The figure of Jesus was created by Oskar Sosnowski . In 1864 the Carmelite Order was abolished after the January Uprising and the church served as the Warsaw seminary until 1988. Until the reconstruction of St. John's Cathedral , the church was also used as Warsaw's procathedral, as it was not significantly destroyed in the war.
building
university
The university buildings of the University of Warsaw were erected on the Palace Square of the Kazimierz Palace at the beginning of the 19th century in place of the palace's farm buildings. In 1816 the Royal Warsaw University moved in , which was created from a combination of law and medicine schools. In 1831 it was closed by the Russian authorities after the November Uprising and only reopened in 1862. After the January Uprising in 1869, it was converted into the Warsaw Tsar University with Russian as the language of instruction. With the evacuation of the Russian army from Warsaw at the beginning of the First World War , today's Warsaw University was established in 1915. There are several classical monuments and the baroque Kazimierz Palace on the university premises.
Hotel Bristol
The Hotel Bristol was built between 1899 and 1901 by Władysław Marconi and Stanisław Grochowicz in Art Nouveau style based on the Neo-Renaissance instead of the Tarnowski Palace on the initiative of Ignacy Paderewski , among others . Tadeusz Stryjeński and Franciszek Mączyński contributed to the project and Otto Wagner the Younger designed the secession furniture and the famous crystal elevator. Many famous politicians and artists stayed in this exclusive hotel in the interwar period. After the Warsaw Uprising in 1944, it was partially destroyed by the Wehrmacht. It was first reconstructed in the socrealistic style by Antoni Jawornicki . It was restored to its original shape from 1981 to 1992.
Hotel Europejski
The Hotel Europa was built in several stages from 1855 to 1859 and from 1876 to 1877 by Henryk Marconi , Marceli Berendt and Leandro Marconi in place of the Palais Ogiński in the Renaissance style. In the 19th century it was considered one of the best hotels in Central Europe and the most luxurious in the Russian Empire. In 1907 it was completely restored and redesigned. In 1944 it was destroyed by the Wehrmacht and then rebuilt as a military academy by Bohdan Pniewski . Since 1962 it has been a hotel again, although it was transferred to the pre-war owners in 2005.
Citizen Resource
The Citizen Resource ( Resursa Obywatelska ) was built in 1860–61 by Edward Cichocki and Piotr Leon Karasiński in place of the Zamoyjski Palace. The building served as the seat of the Warsaw Merchants' Association, which was previously housed in the Tarnowski Palace. There are several large ballrooms and reception rooms in the building. In 1944 the citizen resource was burned down by the German armed forces. After the reconstruction by Michał Ptic-Borkowski, it served as a holiday home. Currently, the Citizen Resource is the seat of the Polonia Foundation Wspólnota Polska , which is dedicated to cooperation with Poles abroad .
Kazanowski Palace
In 1663 a new building was erected here instead of the Kazanowski Palace, which was built between 1637 and 1643. The associated church was built between 1696 and 1699 for the barefoot Carmelites. The baroque cloisters and portals as well as the epitaphs are particularly noteworthy. Since the dissolution of the order in 1818 and the relocation of the nuns to the Kraków monastery, it has belonged to the Warsaw Charity Association. The Szarytki nuns have been looking after the church ever since. Antonio Corazzi built the chapel with the cast iron construction in the palace in 1819. Jan Jakub Gay directed another renovation in the style of the Florentine neo-renaissance from 1840–41. During the Warsaw Uprising , the palace was destroyed by the German Wehrmacht and rebuilt in 1949. In 1950 the Warsaw Charity Association was dissolved. Today the palace is the seat of the Polish Caritas Association.
John's house
The John House was built around 1750 on the south side of the Königsschlossplatz instead of an older palace and was redesigned in 1868. Since 1909 it has belonged to Aleksander John, who had it restored by Konrad Klos in 1919. The palace was completely destroyed by the German Wehrmacht in 1944 and was reconstructed from 1949 based on the paintings of Canaletto by Włodzimierz Wapiński and Kazimierz Thor . In the same year, the first Polish escalator was erected below the house, which connects Schlossplatz with the east-west underpass . After its modernization since 1997, it was opened to the public again in 2005.
Prażmowski Palace
The Palais Prażmowski (Pol. Pałac Prażmowskich even Pałac Leszczyńskich , Pałac Rautenstrauchów , Pałac Dobrycza or Pałac Joachima Pastoriusa ) was from 1660 to 1667 for the court physician of the king Johann II. Kasimir built Pastorius in Baroque style around 1754 and 1770 by Jakub Fontana in Rococo style rebuilt for the Leszczyński magnate family . Mikołaj Prażmowski acquired the palace earlier around 1700. Since 1804 it has belonged to the Dobrycz merchant. Later the palace was divided into a northern and a southern one. After the destruction in the Second World War by the German Wehrmacht in 1944, the palace was rebuilt from 1948 to 1949 and now houses the House of Literature.
Kurowski Palace
The Kurowski Palace was built before 1754 for the wealthy merchant Maciej Kurowski. The rear facade of Senatorska Street was designed in 1790. It was completely destroyed by the German Wehrmacht in 1944 and reconstructed from 1949 based on the paintings of Canaletto by Zygmunt Stępiński.
Skalski Palace
The Palais Skalski, also called Palais Bizichowska, was built between 1775 and 1780 by Ephraim Schröger for the court doctor of King Stanisław August Poniatowski Józef Skalski in the classicism style, in which he ran a pharmacy. In 1917 it was restored by Kazimierz Skórewicz and Kazimierz Tołłoczko . It was completely destroyed by the German Wehrmacht in 1944 and reconstructed by Mieczysław Kuźma in 1948–49 .
Wessel Palace
The Wessel Palace, also known as Ostrowski Palace or Alte Post, was built in the late Baroque style around 1750 for General Andrzej Stanisław Załuski , who sold it to the crown treasurer Teodor Wessel in 1761 . Antoni Ostrowski bought it from him in 1764. A post office was set up here in 1780. Aleksander Jan Woyde and Władysław Marconi rebuilt the palace in 1882. It was burned down by the German Wehrmacht in 1944 and then reconstructed by Jan Bieńkowski .
House Roesler & Hurtig
The Roesler & Hurtig house was built in 1784–85 by Szymon Bogumił Zug on the back of the Małachowski Palace instead of the wing and gate in the neo-renaissance style for the trading company of the same name Roesler & Hurtig. From 1886 to 1888 Miodowa Street was created south of the house, with the courtyard adjacent to the house under the star being demolished. At that time the house received its southern front. In 1913 it was rebuilt and the image of the Black Madonna of Czestochowa was attached to the facade . In 1944 the second and third floors were destroyed by the German Wehrmacht. Zygmunt Stępiński carried out the reconstruction from 1945.
Grodzicki House
The Grodzicki House was built in the Neo-Renaissance style by Henryk Marconi for Józef Grodzicki in 1851–52. Later it went to Michalina Radziwiłł Rzyszczewski and Ludwik Czartoryski. It was destroyed by the German Wehrmacht in World War II and rebuilt in 1950 by Bohdan Pniewski.
House without edges
The house without edges, also known as the Military Fund building, was built by Czesław Przybylski and Stefan Bryla between 1932 and 1934 . It is supposed to take its name from a saying by Józef Pilsudski: “No cheating!” ( Kanty , Polish, slang for swindle, cheating ).
House of the Messalka
The Messalka House was built in 1910 by Juliusz Dzierżanowski for the famous Warsaw singer Lucyna Messal . It was destroyed by the German Wehrmacht during the Second World War and rebuilt between 1949 and 1951, but without the high facade that towers over other houses, so that only the back courtyard building remains.
House of the Tailors Guild
The house of the tailors 'guild was built for the tailors' guild before 1733 and rebuilt in the 19th century. It was destroyed by the German Wehrmacht during the Second World War and rebuilt by Kazimierz Biernacki between 1947 and 1949 .
St. Bernard guard with bell tower
The St. Bernard guard with a bell tower was rebuilt for the military guard by Jan Chrystian Aigner in 1820-21 on the orders of the governor General Józef Zajączek . The arcades on Tuscan and Ionic columns based on the Roman model are characteristic.
Monuments
Sigismund's Column
The Sigismund Column, located in the heart of the city on Palace Square , is the landmark and the oldest secular monument of the Polish capital Warsaw . The baroque column was erected in 1644 by King Władysław IV. Wasa in memory of his father Zygmunt , who declared Warsaw the capital in 1596.
Adam Mickiewicz Monument
The Adam Mickiewicz monument was erected by Cyprian Godebski on December 24, 1898 for the hundredth birthday of the greatest Polish poet prince of the Romantic period in place of a fountain. Józef Pius Dziekoński and Władysław Marconi designed the park surrounding the monument, which is now called Hoover Square after the American President Herbert C. Hoover . In 1942 the memorial was destroyed by the German Wehrmacht and brought to Hamburg. After the Second World War, its remains, head and torso, were brought back to Poland. In 1950 the monument was reconstructed by Jan Szczepkowski and Józef Trenarowski .
Józef Poniatowski monument
The monument to Józef Antoni Poniatowski was created by Bertel Thorvaldsen from 1815 to 1832 in honor of the Polish general Prince Józef Poniatowski in the Napoleonic army, Thorvaldsen using the ancient equestrian statue of Marcus Aurelius as a model. Tsar Nicholas I, however, banned the erection of the monument in 1834 and had it moved to the Modlin fortress north of Warsaw. Later he gave it to General Iwan Paskiewicz , who had it brought to his residence in Homel (now Belarus ). After the Polish-Soviet War , the monument returned to Poland in 1922 and was erected on Piłsudski Square in front of the Saxon Palace . After the occupation of Warsaw by the German Wehrmacht, the monument was blown up and a white "V" for Victoria was erected in its place, which was burned down by the Polish partisans. A new cast of the monument was donated to Warsaw by the city of Copenhagen , from which Thorvaldsen came, and placed in front of the Old Orangery in Łazienki Park in 1952 and in the courtyard of the Presidential Palace in 1965 .
Nicolaus Copernicus Monument
The Nicolaus Copernicus Monument was created in 1830 by Bertel Thorvaldsen on the initiative of Stanisław Staszic and unveiled by Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz in front of the Staszic Palace . During the German occupation in World War II, the memorial was provided with German inscriptions that were removed by the Polish partisans. In 1944 the German Wehrmacht brought the monument to Neisse in Silesia to be scrapped . A copy was made later, copies of this monument are also in Montreal and Chicago .
Maria von Passau monument
The baroque statue of Our Lady of Passau rises on the green space in front of the Kazanowski Palace . It was built by Józef Szymon Bellotti in 1683 and decorated with lanterns by Józef Dietrich around 1880 .
Bolesław Prus Monument
The Bolesław Prus Monument was erected in the interwar period for one of the most outstanding writers of positivism , who mainly described Warsaw at the turn of the century in 1900 and was nominated for the Nobel Prize for Literature.
Stefan Wyszyński Monument
The Stefan Wyszyński Monument was erected in 1987 in honor of the Polish Primate (1948 to 1981) who headed the Polish Church during the People's Republic , three years from prison. In recognition of his services to Poland and the Polish Catholic Church, he is also called the Primate of the Millennium. His beatification is expected in the next few years.
Nowy Świat
Nowy Świat Street ( New World ) begins at the Staszic Palace and leads through Rondo Charles'a de Gaulle'a to Plac Trzech Krzyży . As early as the 16th century, the New World was the main street of the jurisdiction of the same name. It was built in the Baroque style in the 17th century and redesigned in the neoclassical style at the time of Napoleon and Congress Poland . The Wilhelminian style and Art Nouveau buildings of the later 19th and early 20th centuries were not reconstructed after 1945, the reconstruction attempted to restore the condition from the beginning of the century.
Palaces
Zamoyski Palace
The Zamoyski Palace was built from 1843 to 1846 by Henryk Marconi and Adolf Woliński on the main courtyard of the Branicki Palace in neo-Renaissance style. The Roman palace Cancelleria served as a model. Paweł Maliński created allegorical statues in the triangular attic . During the January uprising on October 19, 1863, a failed bomb attack was carried out on the Russian governor Fiodor Berg from one of the windows of the palace . After the palace was stormed by the Russian army, its inventory was destroyed and, among other things, the piano by Frédéric Chopin there was thrown out of the window. The great Polish romantic poet and friend of Chopin, Cyprian Kamil Norwid , took this event as an occasion for his poem Chopin Piano. The palace was confiscated and used as a casino by the Russian military. In the interwar period, the interior ministry was located in the palace. It was destroyed by the German Wehrmacht during the Warsaw Uprising in 1944. From 1948 to 1950, Mieczysław Kuźma carried out the reconstruction. Today several institutes of the University of Warsaw are located in the palace.
Kossakovsky Palace
The Kossakowski Palace was built in 1784 for the merchant Izaak Ollier based on the model of the Tepper Palace on Miodowa Street. In 1780 he and his wife Marianna bought the palace from Prince August Kazimierz Sułkowski . In 1848 the large landowner Władysław Pusłowski bought the palace and Henryk Marconi carried out the expansion of it in the neo-renaissance style from 1849 to 1851. The statues of the muses on the facade go back to Paweł Maliński . The wife of Stanisław Szczesny's Princess Aleksandra Laval Kossakowska acquired the palace in 1853 and set up the famous Kossakowski Gallery there. For this purpose she had the palace rebuilt by Franciszek Maria Lanci in 1858. In 1859 Tsar Alexander II lived in the palace and in 1874 the famous literary evenings took place there. In 1910, the Palais de Glace was built by Stefan Szyller in the garden of the Palais. In 1930 the Kossakowskis sold the ensemble to Warschauer Versicherungen AG. In 1939 the palace was badly damaged in the bombing of the German Air Force and completely destroyed by the Wehrmacht in 1944. The reconstruction was directed from 1946 to 1949 by Mieczysław Kuźma .
Sanguszko Palace
The Sanguszko Palace, also known as the Jabłonowski Palace, was built in the Rococo style around 1750 for the royal chef Adam Łodzia Poniński. It later went to the Jabłonowski magnate family . 1784 acquired the voivode of Volhynia Hieronim Sanguszko the palace. Around 1820 the voivode Maksymilian Jabłonowski became the owner of the palace and had the rococo decoration removed. The famous Café Louvre was opened here in 1902. The West Bank later had a branch here. During the Warsaw Uprising in 1944, the palace was completely destroyed by the German Wehrmacht. In 1950 it was reconstructed in the late Baroque style by Zygmunt Stępiński .
Branicki Palace
The Branicki Palace was built around 1850 by Henryk Marconi in the Neo-Renaissance style instead of the Palais Baden from the 18th century, which was partially demolished in 1812 and acquired by Konstancja Bilicka in 1819. Wincentyna Lewinska had the new palace rebuilt in 1852 and then sold it to the Branicki magnate family . The palace had a very large baroque garden. Before 1852 two officers were added. Some of the officers in front of the palace still have Gothic vaults in the interior. A pharmacy established there in 1851 is one of the oldest and most beautiful in Poland. From 1899 Ksawery Branicki built several rental houses in the palace garden. In the interwar period, the British embassy was located in the palace. The palace was destroyed by the German armed forces in 1944. The reconstruction from 1948 to 1950 was directed by Zygmunt Stępiński and Bolesław Gałązka . A registry office has been located there since then.
Citizen's Palace
The Palais Bürger was built around 1820 by Fryderyk Albert Lessel in place of an Augustinian hospital from before 1743 for Karol Bürger, the postmaster general. However, the Russian general Władimir Knorring acquired the palace as early as the 1820s . In the 1870s, the palace was home to Antoni Kazimierz Blikle's most famous Warsaw pastry shop , which is still one of the best in Central Europe today. A library was set up there in the interwar period. After the destruction of the Second World War, the palace was reconstructed in 1949.
Stroński Palace
The Stroński Palace (also called Stroński Tenement House) was built by Szymon Bogumił Zug between 1780 and 1790 instead of an older palace from before 1750 for Andrzej Stroński. In the interwar period, the palace subsequently belonged to the merchant Salomon Neuman, the Warsaw Police Headquarters and a newspaper editorial office.
Abramowicz Palace
The Abramowicz Palace was built around 1785 by Szymon Bogumił Zug in the Rococo style for the merchant Grzegorz Abramowicz. It was destroyed by the German Wehrmacht during the Warsaw Uprising in 1944. From 1947 to 1950 it was rebuilt by Mieczysław Kuźma and Zygmunt Stępiński .
building
National Economic Bank
The building of the National Economic Bank ( Bank Gospodarstwa Krajowego ) was built by Rudolf Świerczyński from 1928 to 1931 in place of the Opaliński Palace, which was built from 1762 to 1770. The interior work by J. Kasprzycki was not completed until the German invasion of Poland in 1939. During the Second World War the building was damaged and reconstructed by Hipolit Rutkowski in 1955–56 and expanded to the east and south.
United Polish Workers' Party building
The building of the Central Committee of the United Polish Workers' Party was built for the Communist Party in the modernism style from 1948 to 1951 by Wacław Kłyszewski , Jerzy Mokrzyński and Eugeniusz Wierzbicki on today's Charles-de-Gaulle-Rondo . The re-established Warsaw Stock Exchange has been located here since 1991 . The building has been a listed building since 2009.
National Museum
The National Museum building was built between 1926 and 1938 by Prof. Tadeusz Tołwiński for the collection founded as the Museum of Fine Arts in 1862, which was expanded into the National Museum in 1916. During the Second World War the building was damaged and most of the collections were exported to Germany. In some cases, they managed to return them after the Second World War. However, around two million art objects have been lost to this day. The museum has a valuable collection of ancient and medieval art, Polish art from the 16th to the 21st centuries and collectibles of foreign art, as well as collections of industrial art and coins. Particularly noteworthy are the early Christian frescoes from Faras (Sudan), which were discovered by Polish archaeologists, the collection of paintings by Italian, Dutch and Flemish masters from the early modern period, as well as Polish art of the Middle Ages, the modern era, the romanticism, the realism and the Modern.
Polish Army Museum
The Museum of the Polish Army dates back to the interwar period and was founded in 1920 by Marshal Józef Piłsudski . The museum houses the largest military collection in Poland, which presents exhibits from over a thousand years of Polish military history. It also has a collection of oriental weapons based on that of Jan III. Sobieski in 1683 near Vienna weapons of the Ottoman army Kara Mustafa goes back. The museum is located in the side wing of the Warsaw National Museum. Exhibits of heavy combat equipment can be seen in the museum park and in the area of the Czerniakowski Fort . The military collection is one of the largest in Europe.
Since 1993, the Czerniakowski Fort has also housed the Katyń Museum , which documents the murder of 40,000 Polish officers by the Soviet NKVD around 1940.
Old post
The Alte Post was built in the neo-renaissance style in 1829 and expanded in 1850. During the Second World War it was destroyed by the German Wehrmacht and rebuilt in 1950.
Nagórski house
The Nagórski House was built in 1910 by Juliusz Nagórski in the early modernist style.
Gelbard and Sigalin House
The Gelbard-und-Sigalin-Haus was built in 1932 by Jerzy Gelbard and Roman Sigalin in a futuristic style.
First Lessel house
The Lessel House was built in 1827 by Józef Grzegorz Lessel in the classical style. Destroyed by the German Wehrmacht in 1944, it was rebuilt in 1949 by Teodor Bursze.
Second Lessel house
The Lessel House was built from 1829 to 1830 by Józef Grzegorz Lessel in the classical style. Burned down by the German Wehrmacht in 1944, it was rebuilt in 1946.
Hołowczyc Palace
The Hołowczyc Palace was built in 1820 by Antoni Corazzi in the classical style. The portal with six Doric columns is characteristic. Burned down by the German Wehrmacht in 1944, it was rebuilt in 1949 by Piotr Biegański .
Boretti house
The Boretti House was built around 1800 by Józef Boretti in the classical style. Destroyed by the German Wehrmacht in 1944, it was rebuilt in 1950 by Mieczysław Kuźma and Zygmunt Stępiński .
Schimmelpfenning house
The Schimmelpfenning house was built around 1800 by Adolf Schimmelpfenning in the classicistic style. Destroyed by the German Wehrmacht in 1944, it was rebuilt in 1950.
Bentkowski House
The Bentkowski House was built from 1819 to 1822 by Hilary Szpilowski for Professor Feliks Bentkowski in the classicist style. The four Doric columns in the facade are characteristic. Destroyed by the German Wehrmacht in 1944, it was rebuilt in 1949 by Zygmunt Stępiński and Mieczysław Kuźma.
Mikulski house
The Mikulski House was built between 1820 and 1832 for the wealthy Warsaw citizen Mikulski in the classicist style. Destroyed by the German Wehrmacht in 1944, it was rebuilt in 1950 by J. Bajla.
Gołębiowski House
The Gołębiowski House was built in 1860 by Stanisław Gołębiowski in a neo-Renaissance style. Destroyed by the German Wehrmacht in 1944, it was rebuilt in 1950.
Zrazowski House
The Zrazowski House was built between 1820 and 1830 for the wealthy Warsaw citizen Mateusz Zrazowski in the classical style. Destroyed by the German Wehrmacht in 1944, it was rebuilt in 1950 by Mieczysław Kuźma and Zygmunt Stępiński.
Monuments
Charles de Gaulle monument
The monument in honor of Charles de Gaulle was erected on the rondo of the same name in the 1990s. The future French president worked in Warsaw for several years after the First World War and helped to rebuild the Polish army .
Aleje Ujazdowskie
The Aleje Ujazdowskie begin at the Three Crosses Square, with the Alexander Church in the middle, and run to Wilanów . In 1766 they became avenues instead of the Kalwariaweg, which Joachim Daniel von Jauch laid out from 1724 to 1731 . The name Aleje Ujazdowskie has been naturalized since 1784. Wiejska Street branches off to the southeast, where the government buildings of the Sejm and Senate are located. The initially baroque Platz der Drei Kreuze was laid out in 1724 and redesigned in the classicist style from 1770 to 1787 and expanded to the south in 1817. In 1817 the square was renamed Aleksander-Platz until 1915. On the avenues are many embassy villas from the 19th century, which were mainly built in an eclectic style.
Palaces
Ujazdowski Castle
A medieval castle of the Dukes of Mazovia called Jazdów was originally located on the site of the Ujazdowski Castle . A small hunting lodge was built in the area of the castle, which later became the Ujazdowski castle. The castle and its ancillary facilities initially served as barracks and in the following almost 150 years until the Second World War as a military hospital. It was set on fire by the German Wehrmacht during the Second World War, 40 percent of which was destroyed in the process. It was only reconstructed in 1975 in the original, early baroque style. In 1981 it became the seat of one of the most outstanding European centers for contemporary art.
Łazienki Palace
The Łazienki Palace (Polish: Pałac Łazienkowski or Pałac na Wodzie ), also called the Palace on the Water or Palace on the Island , was built in the 17th century by Tylman van Gameren for Stanisław Herakliusz Lubomirski , the owner of Ujazdów. From 1772 to 1793 Domenico Merlini rebuilt the palace in Łazienki Park for Stanislaus August Poniatowski , who made it his residence.
The Łazienki Palace is surrounded by the Łazienki Park (German: Park of Baths ). With 80 hectares, it is the largest park in Warsaw . The gardens were built in the 17th century by Tylman van Gameren in the Baroque style for Stanisław Lubomirski . The park was named after a bathing pavilion that was built at that time. In 1764, the year he was elected King of Poland, Stanisław August Poniatowski acquired the palace gardens. The creation of the new classical garden became the life's work of Stanisław II August. The park was designed by Dominik Merlini and Jan Chrystian Kamsetzer and the garden architect Johann Christian Schuch . The most important buildings are designed around the Łazienki Lake and River, such as the Palace on the Water, the Theater on the Island and the Sobieski Monument . Most of the buildings were burned down by the German Wehrmacht after the Warsaw Uprising in 1944. Compared to the old town, however, the building structure remained relatively well preserved, so that the reconstruction could be completed in the first post-war years.
White House
The White House was one of the first buildings that Dominik Merlini completed in Łazienki Park. It is located on the royal road from Aleje Ujazdowskie to the Palace on the Water . Construction lasted from 1774 to 1776 for King Stanislaus II's mistress August Elżbieta Grabowska . The White House was built on a square floor plan. The interior was decorated with frescoes by Jan Bogumił Plersch and Jan Ścisło . The small building was intended for Stanislaus August's mistress. During his exile, Louis XVIII also lived here . Although the White House was partially burned down by the German Wehrmacht after the Warsaw Uprising , it nonetheless remained one of the best-preserved buildings in Łazienki Park. The interior has largely been preserved in its original state from the time of Stanislaus August Poniatowski .
Myślewicki Palace
The early classical Myślewicki Palace in Łazienki Park owes its name to the village of Myślewice. The palace was built in three phases by Dominik Merlini on behalf of King Stanislaus II August from 1775 to 1779 . The building, initially built on a square floor plan, was supplemented by two round wings. Inside, the original decoration of the dining room with views of Rome and Venice and the bathroom designed by the painter Jan Bogumił Plersch have been preserved. Originally intended for members of the royal court, it later passed to Józef Antoni Poniatowski , whose initials were incorporated into a cartouche above the entrance.
Belvedere
The Palais Belvedere (Polish Belweder ) from 1660 is located on a hill on the western edge of the Łazienki Park . From 1817 to 1830 it served as the private palace of the Russian governor, Grand Duke Konstantin Romanov , the tsar's brother. In the interwar period and from 1989 to 1994 it was the residence of the Polish President.
Śleszyński Palace
The Śleszyński Palace, also known as the Palais des Józef Fox, was built in 1826 by Antonio Corazzio in the late Classicist style for the Śleszyńskis. From 1825 to 1827 the Śleszyńskis set up a public garden around the palace called the Swiss Valley. The palace was destroyed by the German Wehrmacht in 1944 and reconstructed by Helena Syrkusowa and Szymon Syrkus after the Second World War . The embassy of the Republic of Yugoslavia was based here.
Leszczyński Palace
Sobański Palace
The Sobański Palace was built in 1852–53 by Julian Ankiewicz in the style of the Tuscan Neo-Renaissance. In 1912 the busts of the Polish kings Kazimierz the Great and Władysław II Jagiełło were added based on the model of the sarcophagi in the Kraków Wawel Cathedral . In the garden there is a statue of David from the 19th century, which is a copy of the sculpture made by Donatello around 1440 .
Villa Wilhelm Ellis Rau
The Palais Wilhelm Ellis Rau was built from 1865 to 1868 by Leandro Marconi in the neo-renaissance style for the industrialist and co-founder of the metalurgy factory Lilpop, Rau i Loewenstein Wilhelm Ellis Rau. Leandro Marconi is also the author of the two allegorical statues architecture and sculpture on the facade. The other two figures, which symbolize painting and mechanics, go back to Andrzej Pruszyński . Both artists also created the ancient busts on the facade. Ludwik Kucharzewski created the fountain and the statues in the garden. The very successful palace attracted attention far beyond congress Poland . In 1884 Antoni Siedek built the Czapski Palace in Krakow based on the model of this building. In 1906, Princess Maria Sapieha Branicka acquired the palace, which after her death passed to her daughter Princess Maria Branicka Radziwiłł . In 1906 Princess Maria Sapieha Branicka and Prince Jerzy Radziwill had the palace connected to the Palais Lilpop, which they also owned, with a wing. In the 1930s, the new owner, Princess Izabella Radziwiłł , rented the palace to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In 1944 it was burned down by the German Wehrmacht and reconstructed by Szymon Syrkus and the Swiss Hans Schmidt in 1948–49 . It has served as the Swiss Confederation's embassy ever since. Medals by Ludwik Kucharzewski from 1882 that have been preserved were walled into the side facade. However, the statues and the garden facade were not reconstructed.
Lesser Palace
The Lesser Palace, also known as Rembieliński Palace or Poznański Palace, was built by Franciszek Maria Lanci from 1859 to 1865 . Aleksander Rembeliński bought the property from the Lessers and had the palace built in the neoclassical style. As early as 1865 it went to Jan Kurtz and Stanisław Ratyński in an unfinished state, the former becoming sole owners in 1866. The large manufacturer Izrael Poznański from Łódź acquired the palace in 1900. From 1918 the French and from 1924 the Danish embassy was located here. Abraham Sojka acquired the palace in 1935 and set up an officers' mess in it. The palace was damaged by the German Wehrmacht in 1939 and destroyed in 1944. The reconstruction in 1949 was directed by Wacław Kłyszewski , Jerzy Mokrzyński and Eugeniusz Wierzbicki . Here was initially the Museum of the History of the United Polish Workers' Party and later the headquarters of the Association of Fighters for Freedom and Democracy.
Artichoke Palace
The Artichoke Palace is also known as the Marconi Palace.
Eliza Wielopolska Palace
The Eliza Wielopolska Palace was built by Józef Huss from 1875 to 1876 .
Dziewulski Palace
The Dziewulski Palace was built in 1909-10 by Władysław Marconi for the well-known lawyer and economist Stefan Dziewulski and his wife Antonina Maria Natanson in place of an older building in the neo-Renaissance style. In 1946 the Bulgarian Embassy was established in the palace.
Karnicki Palace
The Palais Karnicki was built in 1877 by Józef Huss for the privy councilor, state secretary and senator of the Russian tsarist empire Jan Karnicki in the neo-Renaissance style. Particularly noteworthy are the loggias on the first and second floors. In 1928 an off-press was added. Today the palace houses the German Historical Institute Warsaw .
Churches
St. Alexander Church
The St. Alexander Church was built from 1818 to 1825 by Chrystian Piotr Aigner on the site of the triumphal gate built in 1815 in honor of Tsar Alexander I in the classicism style. The building, inspired by the Roman pantheon, was funded by a public collection. Christian Piotr Aigner and Szymon Bogusław Zug had already tried out this form in the 19th century when building the Evangelical Augsburg Church in Warsaw and the Church of the Assumption of Mary in Puławy . The specialty of St. Peter's Church, however, was that it had two Corinthian column facades from the south and north. From 1886 to 1895 the church was rebuilt and expanded by Józef Pius Dziekoński in the Neo-Gothic and Renaissance style. Two bell towers were erected on the south facade and the dome was enlarged on the model of the Vatican Peter and Paul Basilica. In 1944 the church was destroyed by the German armed forces. Until 1949, its romantic ruins were considered the most beautiful in Europe and inspired many artists who returned to Warsaw after the city was destroyed. The church was reconstructed in the original modest classical style in 1949-50. The destroyed bell towers, however, had to be removed in 1951.
building
Council of Ministers
The Council of Ministers building is the seat of the Polish government. It is located on Aleje Ujazdowskie across from Łazienki Park . The Council of Ministers has its seat in four buildings of the former barracks of the Suvorov Cadet Corps . The cadet corpse was rebuilt around 1900 by Wiktor Junosza-Piotrowski and Henryk Julian Gay . In 1914, Stefan Szyller converted the building into a city hospital in the neo-renaissance style. In 1920 the Ensign School and the General Inspectorate of the Polish Army moved here. In the south wing was the military library and the collections of the Poland Museum from the Swiss Rapperswill . This wing burned down after the bombing of the German Air Force in 1939. In 1944 the building was damaged during the Warsaw Uprising . From 1946 to 1949 it was rebuilt by Odyniec Dobrowolski as the seat of the State Council. The portico, designed by Franciszek Krzywda-Polkowski , dates from this period . The interiors were designed by Jan Bogusławski and Bogdan Urbanowicz in 1947-48 . The sculptures are by Stanisław Sikora and the details by Henryk Grunwald .
Sejm and Senate
The building of the Sejm and Senate was built by Bolesław Podczaszyński between 1851 and 1853 in place of the 18th century Józef Bodachowski-Zapolski Palace, which belonged to the beloved Prince Kazimierz Poniatowski . In 1863 a girls' high school was housed here. Since 1919 the Polish Sejm has met here in the redesigned ballroom and the Senate in the adjoining high school building. From 1925 to 1929 it was redesigned as a semicircle by Kazimierz Skórewicz for parliament. The bas-relief on the facade is by Jan Szczepkowski . Since 1929 it has been the seat of the Polish bicameral parliament Sejm and Senate. In 1939 the building was burned down by the German Wehrmacht. In 1946 it was rebuilt by Prof. Bogdan Pniewski and expanded from 1949 to 1952. A general restoration took place in 1992.
House to the giants
The House of the Giants was built between 1904 and 1907 by Władysław Marconi for the artist Antoni Strzałecki in the spirit of earlier modernism. It is one of the best preserved rich Warsaw town houses with the original interior polychromes of the owner. The name comes from the two sculptures at the building entrance. Today a medical association has its headquarters here.
Observatory
The observatory was built between 1820 and 1824 by Michał Kado , Hilary Szpilowski and Chrystian Piotr Aigner for the University of Warsaw in place of an orangery from the 18th century in a classical style. The building was destroyed by the German Wehrmacht during the Second World War and reconstructed by Jan Dąbrowski in 1948–49.
Building of the Institute for the Deaf and Mute
The building of the institute for the deaf and dumb was built for the institute founded in 1817 by pastor Jakub Falkowski in the neo-renaissance style between 1827 and 1830 instead of the Dutch house of the architect Dominik Merlini . From 1845 to 1846 it was rebuilt by Stanisław Pszczółkowski and Franciszek Maria Lanci . During the Second World War, the German Wehrmacht destroyed the building, which was rebuilt from 1945 to 1949.
Szelechow House
The Szelechow House was built in 1904 by Stanisław Grochowicz in the early modern and secessionist style for the merchant Szelechow.
Kolobrzeg Kolberg House
The Kolobrzeg-Kolberg-Haus was built in 1910 by Stanisław Grochowicz in the style of early modernism and secession for the merchant H. Kolobrzeg-Kolberg. The details on the facade go back to Józef Gardecki .
Dziekoński House
The Dziekoński House was built between 1890 and 1900 by Józef Pius Dziekoński in the neo-Gothic style. The charming facade made of ceramic tiles is characteristic.
Strzałecki House
The Strzałecki House was built from 1904 to 1907 by Władysław Marconi in the early modern style for the artist Antoni Strzałecki .
United States Embassy
The United States Embassy building at number 31 also deserves special attention.
Ericsson building
The Ericsson building was built in 1925 by Marian Lalewicz in the style of modernism and neoclassicism.
Kulikiewicz building
The Kulikiewicz building was built in 1833 by Antoni Corazzi in the Classicism style for J. Kulikiewicz . Stefan Szyller rebuilt the building around 1900.
Karszo Siedlewski building
The Karszo-Siedlewski building was built in 1889 by Aleksander Woyda in the classicism style for the magnate Karszo-Siedlewski family .
Building of the planning commission
The building of the planning commission was built in 1948 by Stanisław Bieńkowski and Stanisław Rychłowski .
Buildings under the griffins
The building under the griffins was built by Józef Huss for the Fuchs family from 1884 to 1886 in a mixed neo-renaissance, neo-baroque and neoclassical style and later went to the classen.
Monuments
Ignacy Jan Paderewski memorial
The Ignacy Jan Paderewski monument is in Ujazdowski Park and dates from the 20th century. Paderewski was a co-founder of the Polish state, which was reborn after the First World War, as well as a composer, politician and social worker. He died in exile in New York in 1941.
Fryderyk Chopin Monument
The monument to Fryderyk Chopin was created in 1908 by Wacław Szymanowski in honor of the composer and pianist who was born in Żelazowa Wola near Warsaw . The monumental Jugendstildenkmal was not erected until 1926. It depicts Chopin playing the piano under a Mazovian willow bent by the wind . The monument was destroyed at the beginning of the German occupation in World War II and was reconstructed in 1958. Today there are piano concerts under the monument around Lake Chopin every Sunday at 12 noon and 4 p.m., which are open to all visitors to Łazienki Park.
Jan III Sobieski monument
The monument to Johann III. Sobieski was erected on September 14, 1788 on the 105th anniversary of the relief of Vienna on the bridge (Agricola) over the northern Łazienki Lake, at the instigation of King Stanislaus August. André Le Brun was responsible for the project carried out by Franciszek Pinck . King Jan III Sobieski is shown on horseback with a defeated Ottoman under it. On November 29, 1830, the insurgents from the ensign school gathered under the memorial before storming the Belvedere Palace to drive out the Russian governor.
Henryk Sienkiewicz Monument
The monument was created by the sculptor Gustaw Zemła as the Janina and Zbigniew Porczyńskis Foundation and unveiled on May 5, 2000 in honor of Henryk Sienkiewicz , winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature .
Józef Piłsudski monument
The Józef Piłsudski monument was erected south of the Chopin monument in 1998 based on a design by Stanisław Ostrowski . Józef Piłsudski, who later became Marshal of Poland, set up the Polish legions in Austria-Hungary during the First World War, which were the guarantors for regaining independence. During the Polish-Soviet War he succeeded in stopping the Red Army on the Vistula in 1920 and repulsing it ( miracle on the Vistula ).
Wilanów
Wilanów is located at the southern end of the Königsweg. The Warsaw district is named after the castle of the same name. Its name goes back to the Polonized Italian name "Villa Nuova".
Wilanów Palace
The Wilanow Palace was 1,677 to 1,679 of Augustyn Wincenty Locci on behalf of King Jan III. Sobieski and is known as the Polish Versailles . The baroque furnishings with busts of ancient Roman emperors and consuls as well as reliefs glorified the victories of Jan III. Sobieski and the virtues of his consort Queen Marysieńka . Statues of Atlas and Titan stand on the two towers. After the death of Jan III. Sobieski, his successor, King August II the Strong resided here until 1700. August II the Strong was famous for the large and extravagant celebrations he held in the castle. After that, the palace successively passed into the possession of the Sieniawski , Lubomirski , Czartoryski , Potocki and Branicki families , who redesigned the palace in the forms of the following eras. The palace was looted and burned by the German armed forces in 1944 after the Warsaw Uprising ; However, due to the advance of the Red Army, they were no longer able to achieve their original goal of completely destroying this symbol of the Polish nation . The palace was rebuilt in the original Baroque form after the Second World War . The interior decoration includes the styles of baroque , rococo and classicism . You can visit the library, the large dining room, the king's private apartments with original furniture, the Potocki Museum in the Etruscan Hall with numerous antique sculptures from the Potockis' collection and the living rooms with numerous paintings, including the famous portrait of Jan III. Sobieski as a warrior against the Turks on horseback. The collection of Baroque coffin portraits is the largest in the world. The White Hall of Princess Izabela Lubomirska in the Empire style deserves special attention . The facade facing the park has a sundial by the Gdańsk astronomer Johannes Hevelius , which shows the time and the zodiac sign . Wilanów Park was laid out in the 17th century in the Baroque style based on the Italian-French model on an area of 43 hectares. Later, parts of the garden were redesigned in a romantic style . Numerous park structures and sculptures decorate the park. The oldest part of the garden was reconstructed by Gerard Ciołek on the terraces in front of the castle in geometric shapes, fountains and figures. In the English Park north of the palace there are several sarcophagi belonging to the palace owners, obelisks, columns, a Chinese arbor and an orangery with an exhibition of sculpture and decoration. The rose garden to the west of the palace is in the neo-renaissance style.
St. Anne's Church
St. Anne's Church in the park was built for Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski in the classicist style between 1772 and 1775 and rebuilt in the neo-Renaissance style by Henryk Marconi and Jan Kacper Heurich from 1857 to 1870 .
Poster museum
Behind the monumental facade of the old riding school is a modern building of the oldest, most respected and largest art poster collection in the world.
Potocki mausoleum
In particular, the neo-Gothic tomb above the Potocki crypt deserves attention. The mausoleum was built from 1799 to 1892, the tomb was completed in 1832 based on a project by Henryk Marconi with sculptures by Jakub Tatarkiewicz and Konstanty Hegel .
See also
swell
- Warsaw before 1939. (Polish)
- Official site of Warsaw. (Polish - shortened to German, English etc.)
- Merian Warsaw , The monthly issue of cities and landscapes published by Hoffmann and Campe Verlag, issue 5 / XXIII, Hamburg 1970, p. 32 ff.
- Polska na weekend. Pascal, 2005, ISBN 83-7304-423-X . (Polish)
Web links
- Warsaw Royal Route
- Official website of the Warsaw Royal Castle
- Presidential Palace website
- Information about sights on the Royal Route (Polish)
References and comments
- ↑ see for example Peter H. Baumgarten (head), Poland. Baedeker Allianz travel guide . Verlag Karl Baedeker, ISBN 3-87504-542-4 , Ostfildern 1993, p. 412.
- ↑ Ulica Belwederska , Ulica Jana III Sobieskiego , Aleja Wilanowska : these are the street names used today, in the past others were sometimes used, such as Aleja Królewska (German: Königliche Allee ) for a section of today's Aleja Wilanowska .
- ↑ according to Juliusz W. Gomulicki, Warsaw , Arkady publishing house, printed by VEB printing works for workers in Halle (Saale), Warsaw 1967, p. 8, the Königsweg, known there as the “Royal Main Street”, connects the royal palace with the favorite residences of three Warsaw monarchs: Ujazdów, Łazienki and Wilanów.
- ↑ Editor: Amadio. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . July 5, 2001 .
Structure of the approximately 10 km long Warsaw Royal Route (Polish: Trakt Królewski ) from north (city center) to south (Wilanów)