Kelheim

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the city of Kelheim
Kelheim
Map of Germany, position of the city of Kelheim highlighted

Coordinates: 48 ° 55 '  N , 11 ° 52'  E

Basic data
State : Bavaria
Administrative region : Lower Bavaria
County : Kelheim
Height : 343 m above sea level NHN
Area : 76.76 km 2
Residents: 16,842 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 219 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 93309
Area code : 09441
License plate : KEH, MAY , PAR , RID, ROL
Community key : 09 2 73 137
LOCODE : DE KEM

City administration address : 		Ludwigsplatz 16
93309 Kelheim, Germany
Website : www.kelheim.de
Mayor : Christian Schweiger ( CSU )
Location of the city of Kelheim in the Kelheim district
Landkreis Eichstätt Landkreis Freising Landkreis Landshut Landkreis Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz Landkreis Pfaffenhofen an der Ilm Regensburg Landkreis Regensburg Landkreis Straubing-Bogen Gemeindefreies Gebiet Hacklberg Painten Hienheimer Forst Frauenforst Neustadt an der Donau Dürnbucher Forst Abensberg Aiglsbach Attenhofen Bad Abbach Biburg (Niederbayern) Elsendorf Essing Hausen (Niederbayern) Herrngiersdorf Ihrlerstein Kelheim Kelheim Kirchdorf (Hallertau) Langquaid Mainburg Neustadt an der Donau Neustadt an der Donau Painten Painten Riedenburg Rohr in Niederbayern Saal an der Donau Siegenburg Teugn Train (Niederbayern) Volkenschwand Wildenbergmap
About this picture
City view from the north
Houses in the old town
The grinding tower (Römerturm)
The Donautor

Kelheim is the district town of the district of the same name in the administrative district of Lower Bavaria and lies on the Danube and Altmühl or Main-Danube Canal between Ingolstadt and Regensburg . Kelheim is dominated by the Liberation Hall , which lies on a mountain spur between the Danube and Altmühltal valleys.

geography

location

The city is located at the exit of the Danube gorge below the Michelsberg at the confluence of the Altmühl into the Danube, i.e. shortly after the point where the Danube crosses the Franconian Alb .

Community structure

Districts are: Affecking , Arzberg, Frauenhäusl, Goldberg, Gronsdorf, Großberghofen, Gundelshausen, Herrnsaal , Hohenpfahl, Kapfelberg , Kelheim, Kelheimwinzer , Klösterl , Lindach, Lohstadt, Michelsberg (Liberation Hall ) , Mitterfeld, Nierand, Rosengarten, Schlait, Schlott , Schultersdorf, Schwaben, Staubing , Stausacker , Thaldorf, Unterwendling and Weltenburg .

Markings are:

  • Affecking,
  • Gronsdorf,
  • Herrensaal,
  • Kapfelberg,
  • Kelheim,
  • Kelheim winemaker,
  • Lohstadt,
  • Staubing,
  • Traffic jam,
  • Thaldorf and
  • Weltenburg.

history

Early history

Excavations have shown that the area has been settled since the Neanderthals . In the urban area there are Bronze Age grave and settlement finds (around 2000 BC), an important urn grave field (around 800 BC) and Hallstatt Age grave fields. Between the third and first centuries BC there was a late Celtic oppidum called Alkimoennis on the Michelsberg . With an area of ​​650 hectares, it was the second largest in southern Germany. There are also finds from Roman times and excavations of a Bavarian settlement (around 600 AD). The Kelheim warrior is a find from the Merovingian era .

The first documentary mention comes from the year 866. In 879 Kelheim was the seat of the Kelsgaugrafen . In the 11th century it came into the possession of the Wittelsbach family . The city rights were Kelheim (Cheleheim) in 1181 by the Bavarian Duke Otto I conferred. Until the unexplained murder of his son Ludwig, known as "the Kelheimer" , in 1231 on the Danube bridge, the city was one of the preferred residences of the Bavarian duke. The ducal suburb had shifted several times during this time, from Regensburg to Kelheim and then initially to Landshut .

Even after the relocation of the seat of government to Landshut, the city received preferential support from the Wittelsbachers at the important Danube crossing. It developed into an important trading point for wine, salt, fish, cattle, stones and wood.

During the Thirty Years' War , the city was occupied by the Swedish army of Duke Bernhard von Sachsen-Weimar on November 3, 1633 and became an important transit station when the Swedes tried to conquer Regensburg . Not only did the Swedes find a large amount of provisions here, the army was also divided into two armies, which could then reach the imperial city on both banks of the Danube from the south and from the north during the battles for Regensburg . The transfer of a part of the army and later also the transfer of the cannons and supplies to the eastern (in Regensburg southern) bank of the Danube could be carried out well here because a ferry was found that could transfer 60 horses at the same time. On June 26, 1634, the city was retaken by Bavarian troops.

19th to 21st century

The entrance to the Ludwig-Danube-Main Canal, opened in 1846, and the trading port were located in Kelheim . A stone factory initiated the industrialization of the city early in 1850. In 1882 the establishment of a branch of the later Waldhof pulp mill followed ; In 1927 the Parkettfabrik AG set up shop here. In 1935 the Süddeutsche Chemiefaser AG settled there and in 1938 the Süd-Chemie AG , Kelheim plant.

In 2011 the discovery of the Kelheim predatory dinosaur became known.

Incorporations

On October 1, 1937, the previously independent municipality of Affecking was incorporated. In 1945 or 1946 Gronsdorf was added. Stausacker followed on January 1, 1972. Weltenburg was added on January 1, 1975, and Staubing on January 1, 1976. The series of incorporations was completed with the incorporation of the formerly independent municipalities of Herrnsaal, Kapfelberg, Lohstadt and Thaldorf on January 1, 1978, and Kelheimwinzer on May 1, 1978.

Population development

In the period from 1988 to 2018, the population increased from 14,676 to 16,714 by 2,038 inhabitants or 13.9%.

City of Kelheim according to the respective territorial status

  • 1880: 03,004 inhabitants
  • 1925: 03,954 inhabitants
  • 1939: 06,346 inhabitants
  • 1950: 10,879 inhabitants
  • 1961: 11,935 inhabitants (census on June 6th)
  • 1970: 12,183 inhabitants (census on May 27)

Today's area of ​​the city of Kelheim

  • 1961: 15,044 inhabitants
  • 1970: 15,419 inhabitants
  • 1980: 14,165 inhabitants
  • 1987: 14,701 inhabitants (census on May 25)
  • 1991: 15,383 inhabitants
  • 1995: 15,760 inhabitants
  • 2001: 15,662 inhabitants
  • 2005: 15,667 inhabitants
  • 2010: 15,488 inhabitants
  • 2011: 15,339 inhabitants (census on May 9th)
  • 2015: 16,270 inhabitants

politics

The New (right) and the Old Town Hall (left)

mayor

In May 2020 Christian Schweiger (CSU) was elected as the new mayor. His predecessor was Horst Hartmann (SPD).

City council

The Kelheim City Council (excluding the mayor) has 24 members. The local elections on March 15, 2020 led to the following result:

Party / list CSU SPD Green FWG Urban-Rural Union (SLU) Kelheim center (KM)
Seats 6th 5 4th 6th 1 3
Share of votes 22.50% 21.77% 17.89% 23.0% 3.7% 11.14%

coat of arms

Coat of arms of the city of Kelheim
 Blazon : “In red over blue and silver waves, a silver castle with an open gate and two pointed tin towers; between them a leaning label with the Bavarian diamonds is floating. "

Town twinning

Public facilities

and display information about the image
View from the Liberation Hall to Kelheim

administration

Kelheim is the seat of the district administration of the same district .

dishes

There is a local court in Kelheim . It belongs to the regional court district of Regensburg and the OLG district of Nuremberg .

Hospitals

The Goldberg Clinic is located on the Goldberg above the roofs of the city.

schools

  • 4 primary schools (GS Kelheimwinzer, GS Kelheim-Nord, GS Kelheim-Hohenpfahl, elementary and middle school)
  • Wittelsbach Middle School (formerly a secondary school)
  • Donau-Gymnasium Kelheim , founded 1948 (natural science-technological and modern-language high school)
  • State vocational school
  • State vocational high school
  • State technical college (technical, economic and social branch)
  • Bavarian Forestry School of the Bavarian Forest Administration in Goldberg, for training forest owners and forest workers
  • music school
  • Support center (former special school) Thaldorf
  • Vocational school for nursing
  • Institute for basic, advanced and advanced training in health care
  • Volkshochschule Kelheim e. V.
  • vhs Further Education Academy Kelheim e. V.

Established businesses

  • Weisses Bräuhaus G. Schneider & Sohn , largest beer brewer in Kelheim and known nationwide for the Schneider Weisse
  • H. von Gimborn , production of cat litter among other things
  • Heidrive GmbH, development and production of electric motors and gears
  • PASOTEC GmbH, manufacturer and developer of complete system technology units for medical technology
  • Kelheim Fibers GmbH, produces, among other things, viscose fibers and has been one of the largest employers in Kelheim since the 1930s.
  • PCO AG, develops and produces high-end camera systems with sCMOS, CMOS and CCD sensor technology for scientific and industrial applications.
  • BLG , the Bremen-based logistics company, operates a branch for vehicle logistics in Kelheim.
  • Donaupark Wirtschafts GmbH

Former companies

Cellulose used to be produced in Kelheim. Bayerische Zellstoff GmbH was founded in 1884. In 1989 the construction of a pulp mill began for 530 million DM . With its organocell process , it was considered the most environmentally friendly pulp mill in the world. Several accidents in the start-up phase and a dramatic drop in the world market price for pulp led to bankruptcy in 1993. The Donau Park industrial area is now located on the former factory site . Before that, around 66,000 m² of contaminated soil had to be excavated as the area was heavily contaminated with arsenic, lead, thallium, zinc and PAHs .

traffic

shipping

In 2012, the port of Kelheim handled 542,000 tons of goods on the water side and 103,000 tons on the rail side. In Kelheim the Altmühl and thus the Main-Danube Canal flows into the Danube , from Kelheim down the Danube is the federal waterway . Both waters are spanned by the Europe Bridge shortly before their confluence .

Passenger boat trips are offered through the Danube Gorge to Weltenburg and on the Main-Danube Canal to Riedenburg and Dietfurt.

The former Ludwig Canal , which led via Neumarkt in the Upper Palatinate and Nuremberg to Bamberg and thus also connected the Main and Danube, was abandoned in 1950.

Street

At the national road is Kelheim by the B 16 ( Roding - feet ) and the highway A 93 ( dreieck hochfranken ( A 72 ) - Autobahndreieck Holledau ( A 9 )) attached.

The “ Road of Emperors and Kings ” also runs through Kelheim . This runs from Frankfurt am Main to Budapest .

Long-distance cycle routes

Several cycle paths lead through the urban area :

Train and bus

Local public transport is served by the bus lines of the Verkehrsgemeinschaft Landkreis Kelheim (VLK). These also connect to the Saal train station , where there are hourly connections to the Danube Valley Railway with the long-distance traffic nodes of Regensburg and Ingolstadt .

Since rail passenger traffic on the 5.5 kilometer long Saal – Kelheim line was discontinued in 1988, Kelheim has been, along with Tirschenreuth, one of the two Bavarian district towns without a rail connection. The Danube Valley Railway bypasses Kelheim to the east because a guided tour via Kelheim would have required the construction of a tunnel .

In the summer, the Kelheimer Ludwigsbahn tourist tram connects the pier via the old town with the Liberation Hall.

Culture and sights

The Liberation Hall
Weisses Brauhaus
  • Weisses Brauhaus, founded in 1607, the oldest still existing wheat beer brewery in Bavaria; in front of it a monument to King Ludwig I.
  • Old Canal Harbor (part of the historic Ludwig-Danube-Main Canal ), commissioned in 1846, with lock, harbor basin with crane, warehouse and lock house.
  • Schleiferturm (1474–1486), also incorrectly called the Roman tower , because ashlars were used in the construction, which are similar to ancient stones, but come from the keep of the Wittelsbacher castle, which was otherwise razed ; since 1931 memorial for the fallen of the First World War.
  • Otto Chapel, built in the 13th century by Otto the Illustrious in honor of his father Ludwig the Kelheimer , who was murdered in 1231 ; changed around 1600 as a hospital church. A Romanesque portal from the original building is still there.

Houses of worship

Catholic
City parish church of the Assumption
  • Gothic Church of the Assumption of Mary (inner city) with two late Gothic panel paintings in the presbytery ( Birth of Christ and the Death of the Virgin , end of the 15th century), Pietà on the left side altar (also around 1500) and high altar made of Kelheim marble (19th century). The nave was built around 1420 and the choir around 40 years later. The tower was built in its current form in 1862, the nave was extended to the west in 1885.
Tympanum Ottokapelle
Evangelical
Lukas Church
  • Matthäuskirche (inner city), built in 1888
  • Markuskirche (Affecking), built in 1961 (architect: Olaf A. Gulbransson)
  • Lukaskirche (farmers' settlement), built in 1962 (architect: Olaf A. Gulbransson), redesigned in 2016
Islamic
  • Mosque in Kelheim ( DİTİB Turkish Islamic Community of Kelheim eV), founded in 1985

Museums

  • Archaeological Museum in Kelheim in the Duke's Box The
    museum, which was founded in 1908, has been located in the late-Gothic Duke's box on the edge of Kelheim's old town since 1981. The lively archaeological activity of the historical association, the large number of finds during the excavations in the area of ​​the Main-Danube Canal and donations from prehistoric collections established the focus of the museum, which is expressed in the name. In 1983, the Council of Europe awarded the museum the European Museum Special Prize for the vivid depiction of the past.
  • Organ museum in the former Franciscan monastery church
    The non-profit association organ museum Franziskanerkirche Kelheim e. V. has so far supported the museum with the monument organs from Bruck idOPf. and Geiselhöring (pneumatic instruments) as well as Allersdorf and Köfering (mechanical works) can be set up again in a playable manner. The instruments are coordinated with one another so that concerts can be performed with several organs. Further historical organs are to follow. Three organ models (slider organ, timbres of an organ and a combined pocket and cone drawer ) on the upper floor of the cloister currently form the heart of the collection.

Architectural monuments

Sports

From 1924 to 1981 the nationally known Ratisbona hill climb was held near Kelheim , mostly on the road to Ihrlerstein .

Since 1997 there has been an annual 24-hour race in Kelheim, which is considered the oldest 24-hour cycle race on the road. Every year over a thousand cyclists from all over Europe take part. The 17.2-kilometer circular route takes the athletes via the Liberation Hall to Essing and back to downtown Kelheim.

The largest sports club in town is the ATSV 1871 Kelheim eV , which emerged in 1969 from the merger of ASV and TSV Kelheim. In addition to football (2018/19 season: District League), wrestling (2018/19 season: Oberliga Nord), gymnastics, handball, table tennis and swimming are also part of the portfolio.

Personalities

Honorary citizen

Under the supremacy of the NSDAP , Adolf Hitler was also granted honorary citizenship as Reich Chancellor . It was revoked in 2008.

Born in Kelheim

Associated with Kelheim

  • Franz Karl Ludwig Wilhelm von Hacke , ambassador to the Palatinate in Vienna, drowned in a shipwreck in Kelheim on September 4, 1757
  • Walter Tanau (1911–1971), painter, graphic artist and sculptor, lived in Kelheim from 1945 and died here
  • Rudolf Faltermeier (* 1948), lawyer, honorary professor at the Technical University of Munich, Vice-President of the Bavarian Savings Banks Association, grew up in Kelheim
  • Clemens Prokop (* 1957), lawyer, President of the German Athletics Association, 2004–2011 director of the Kelheim District Court
  • Martha Merz (1916–2012), Bavaria's first female registrar.
  • Michael Birnthaler (* 1963), (adventure) pedagogue and specialist book author.

literature

  • Rudibert Ettelt: History of the city of Kelheim from the founding of the city to the end of the 18th century. Kelheim 1983.
  • Rudibert Ettelt: History of the city of Kelheim from the end of the 18th century to 1933. Kelheim 2004.
  • Rudibert Ettelt: History of the City of Kelheim 1933–1945. Kelheim 1974; new edition: Kelheim 2005.

Web links

Commons : Kelheim  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikivoyage: Kelheim  - Travel Guide
Wikisource: Kelheim , in: Georg Muck: History of Heilsbronn Monastery , Volume 2  - Sources and full texts
Wikisource: Kelheim in the Topographia Bavariae (Matthäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ "Data 2" sheet, Statistical Report A1200C 202041 Population of the municipalities, districts and administrative districts 1st quarter 2020 (population based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
  2. ^ City of Kelheim in the local database of the Bavarian State Library Online . Bavarian State Library
  3. ↑ Peter Engerisser, Pavel Hrnčiří: Nördlingen 1634. The battle of Nördlingen - turning point of the Thirty Years' War. Verlag Späthling, Weißenstadt 2009, ISBN 978-3-926621-78-8, pp. 33, 74
  4. ^ Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 493 .
  5. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 610 and 611 .
  6. ↑ http://www.wahlen.bayern.de/kommunalwahlen/
  7. ^ Bavarian State Office for Statistics and Data Processing
  8. ↑ Entry on the Kelheim coat of arms  in the database of the House of Bavarian History , accessed on August 5, 2020 .
  9. ^ Die Zeit : Kahlschlag in Kelheim , November 5th, 1993, loaded on August 19th, 2020
  10. ↑ Bavarian State Office for the Environment : Soil pollution: an overview (2005), loaded on August 19, 2020
  11. ↑ 23 December 2014 12:01 p.m .: Christmas 1994 - the end of an era. Retrieved June 8, 2019 .
  12. ↑ December 27, 2009 2:44 pm: Only a stone tablet reminds of the Bavarian pulp era in Kelheim. Retrieved June 8, 2019 .
  13. ↑ Danube Park | Danube Park Kelheim. Retrieved June 8, 2019 .
  14. ^ Website of the port of Kelheim-Saal , accessed on January 19, 2014
  15. ↑ Homepage www.ludwigsbahn-kelheim.de
  16. ↑ more information at http://www.kelheim-evangelisch.de
  17. ↑ Cf. Peter Themessl: Four is one too many. Kelheim gives up one of its four Protestant churches, in: Sonntagsblatt November 13, 2016, accessed: November 20, 2016. ( Memento from November 21, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
  18. ↑ kelheim.de: 24-hour race ( Memento from May 11, 2018 in the Internet Archive )
  19. ^ ATSV Kelheim: Departments. Retrieved April 18, 2019 .
  20. ↑ The delicate handling of the Nazi legacy ( memento of March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) , project group “Forced Labor”, Project Group “Forced Labor” e. V., Berlin. July 3, 2010.