Sergiev Posad
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Sergiev Posad
Сергиев Посад
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Sergiev Posad ( Russian Се́ргиев Поса́д ), from 1919 to 1930 Sergiev ( Се́ргиев ) and from 1930 to 1991 Sagorsk ( Заго́рск ), is a major Russian city with 111,179 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010) in Moscow Oblast , 71 km northeast of Moscow . The city, whose name means something like " Possad of St. Sergius ", is best known for the Trinity Monastery , which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site . This makes it one of the most important tourist destinations in the Moscow area and belongs to the so-called Golden Ring of old historical cities northeast of Moscow.
Today's city of Sergiev Posad emerged from several localities that had formed around the Trinity Monastery from the 15th century, which at that time was already an important religious center in Russia.
mayor
On August 22, 2011, the 35-year-old mayor, Yevgeny Showerko (Евгений Душко), who had only been in office for a few months, was murdered in front of his house in the morning by being shot several times from a car. Political or mafia motivation was not ruled out, as relations between him and the local business community were strained and he allegedly approached the local housing industry, which some described as corrupt, with zeal for reform.
The crime can allegedly not be resolved, with the murdered man's father suspecting a cover-up. On November 1, 2012, the 29-year-old policeman Sergei Mityushin (Сергей Митюшин) was murdered, who is alleged to have had background information on the murder of Dushko
geography
Sergiev Posad is the administrative center of the raion of the same name (district) within Moscow Oblast. The city is located on the Moscow ridge , 71 km northeast of Moscow and around 15 km west of the border between the oblasts of Moscow and Vladimir . The nearest larger towns are Chotkowo (10 km southwest of Sergiev Posad), Peresvet (13 km north) and Krasnosavodsk (17 km north).
history
The Trinity Monastery was founded and flourished
The history of the city begins around 1340 with the foundation of the Trinity Monastery by the monk Bartholomew, who was later canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church as Sergius of Radonezh . The hermitage that Sergius and his brother Stefan had built on a hill washed by the Konchura river originally consisted of a simple wooden church consecrated to the Holy Trinity . While Stefan was no longer able to cope with the hardship of the hermit and went to Moscow, the newly founded monastery soon attracted more monks who were looking for seclusion. Both the active participation Sergius' on the reconciliation and unification of rival Russian principalities and the fact that the Holy Trinity, to which he dedicated the monastery, a symbol of unity of the people - in the fight against the then prevailing Tatar invaders - Been was, made Sergius and his monastery known in large parts of Russia as early as the 14th century and, thanks to numerous donations, they were also quite wealthy.
At the beginning of the 15th century, a few years after Sergius' death, the monastery, which was then probably made entirely of wood, was destroyed during an attack by the Tatars . Thanks to numerous donations, however, the facility was able to be rebuilt a few years later. After Sergius was canonized in 1422, the monastery developed into a place of pilgrimage for Orthodox believers from Russia. Both Boris Godunov and later Tsar Peter the Great are named as visitors to the monastery.
Little by little, new stone buildings were built on the territory of the monastery and in 1550 the monastery was surrounded by a new stone wall with defensive towers. Thanks to this and the heroic efforts of the defenders, it was able to withstand a sixteen-month Polish siege in the years 1608–1610 and was thus celebrated as the focus of Russian national feeling. This brought the monastery even more fame and prosperity in the 17th century. At that time, the current architectural ensemble began to form within the monastery walls, while villages emerged in front of the walls that later merged into the present city.
Origin of the city
According to tradition, the first settlements around the Trinity Monastery have existed since the end of the 14th century, i.e. during the lifetime of St. Sergius. Although the villages were repeatedly devastated and abandoned by their residents during the attacks on the monastery, during the heyday of the monastery they continued to attract traders and craftsmen who, thanks to the many pilgrims, could live well there. The predominant crafts in this area at that time were icon painting and wood carving; other craftsmen in turn specialized in the everyday needs of the monastery. Gradually special artisan settlements , called slobody ( сло́боды , singular слобода́ ) formed around the monastery , each of which housed masters of a separate craft.
In the middle of the 18th century there were so many villages and craftsmen's settlements in front of the monastery walls that they were very close to each other and in fact formed a single village. At that time this place was called Posad , which in the parlance of that time meant something like “trade” or “handicraft settlement ”. The Possad was officially founded in 1782 as part of an all-Russian administrative reform under Tsarina Catherine II the Great . At that time the place was also given the name Sergijewski Possad , ie “Possad of (Saint) Sergius”, as well as its own city coat of arms.
At the end of the 18th and in the course of the 19th century, the Possad continued to develop economically unabated, as the number of pilgrims continued to increase. In particular, the traditional trades of this area benefited from this, namely icon painting and wood carving, since pilgrims have now considered it a must to take an icon, a cross or other wooden souvenir with them as a souvenir when visiting the monastery. The infrastructure of the settlement was expanded accordingly during this time: In the 19th century, numerous inns, tenements and craft shops were built in the Possad. In 1845 a paved road from Moscow to Sergiev Posad was laid for the first time, and in 1862 one of the oldest railway lines in Russia was completed with the railway line from Moscow to Sergiev Posad (it was extended to Yaroslavl a few years later and part of the Trans-Siberian Railway in the 20th century ). This gave the trade a further boost, so that at the end of the 19th century Sergiev Posad rose to become one of the largest towns in Moscow Governorate .
The monastery and the city in the 20th century
After Sergiev Posad's economic development reached its peak in the first two decades of the 20th century, the October Revolution and the resulting political upheaval in Russia from 1917 had serious consequences for the Trinity Monastery and the entire city. In 1918 the entire ensemble and infrastructure as well as the property of the monastery were forcibly nationalized, and in November 1919 the monastery was closed and cleared within one night. In the following years, a large part of the monastery buildings were converted into residential or farm buildings, the rest into a history and art museum.
Also in 1919, the place officially received the status of a city and since then, since it was no longer considered a monastery-posad, it has been simply referred to as Sergiev . In 1930 it was finally renamed Sagorsk in honor of the revolutionary Vladimir Sagorsky (actually Vladimir Lubozki) who died in 1919 . In the 1940s, the Soviet government put the now aging ensemble of the former monastery as a whole under a preservation order. It received the status of a State Museum Reserve , which brought it a similarly high protection status as that of the Moscow Kremlin . After a subsequent extensive reconstruction, the entire former monastery was made accessible to the public as a museum. At the same time, the Russian Orthodox Church was allowed to use part of the facilities as a male monastery again from 1946. Due to the status of the monastery as a national museum reserve, Sagorsk was included in the ensemble of the Golden Ring in 1969 as the only city in Moscow Oblast .
The city itself developed during the Soviet era , like many medium-sized and large cities in the Moscow region, as an industrial center, whereby the traditional handicrafts were still cultivated here. So two toy factories were built in Sagorsk, which also used the old traditions of the local wood carving trade. In particular, the world-famous matryoshkas are mentioned here . The older products of the local wood carvers were exhibited in the town's toy museum founded in 1918, where they can still be viewed today.
With the abandonment of the communist system in the Soviet Union at the end of the 1980s, the spiritual life also moved back to Sagorsk: the monastery was returned to the Russian Orthodox Church, and in 1991 the Council of People's Deputies of Moscow Oblast decided to give the city its old name Sergiev To return Possad , which took effect in the same year. In 1993 the monastery ensemble was included in the list of world cultural heritage by UNESCO . After the return of the monastery to the church, religious life is slowly reestablishing in addition to tourism.
Almost all parts of the monastery complex could be renovated by 2008, and today it is again increasingly visited by pilgrims and tourists.
Population development
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1897 | 25,000 |
| 1926 | 21,000 |
| 1939 | 44,556 |
| 1959 | 73,578 |
| 1970 | 92,428 |
| 1979 | 107.144 |
| 1989 | 114,696 |
| 2002 | 113,581 |
| 2010 | 111.179 |
Note: census data (rounded up to 1926)
Attractions
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The main tourist attraction of Sergiev Posad is the Trinity Monastery , which is visible from afar in the center of the city. The oldest building within the monastery is the Trinity Cathedral, built in 1422, which is considered the core of the ensemble. Other church buildings of the monastery include the Nikon Church (1552), the Uspensky Cathedral (1585), the Church of Our Lady of Smolensk (1746–53) and the 88 meter high bell tower (1741–68); There are a total of 13 churches on the monastery site. In addition to the church buildings, the refectory and the tsar's chambers (both 1686–92), the building of the patriarch's residence (1778) and the Godunov family crypt (1782, including the grave of Grand Duke Boris Godunov ) are worth seeing . In total, the ensemble includes around 40 buildings that were erected between the 15th and the late 19th centuries.
Not far from the monastery walls, on the opposite bank of the cellar master's pond, is the Sergiev Possad Toy Museum, which has existed since 1918 and houses various products from toy makers from all over Russia as well as local wood carvers. In the historical center of Sergiev Possad there are several historical church buildings outside the monastery walls, including the Friday Church (1547), the Prophet Elijah Church (1773) and the Church of the Assumption (1766–79).
Economy and Infrastructure
The most important industry in Sergiev Posad is tourism, the main destination of which is the Trinity Monastery. In addition to tourism, industry also plays a significant role in the city's economic life, including toy manufacture, food and light industries, mechanical engineering and the chemical industry. Not least because of tourism, the retail trade in Sergiev Posad has been booming since the 2000s. The Sagorsk power plant , the only pumped storage power plant in Russia, is located near Sergiev Posad .
traffic
With its location on the M8 trunk road (Moscow - Severodvinsk ), the A108 ring road and two railway lines - the central Russian section of the Trans-Siberian Railway (Moscow, Yaroslavl station - Yaroslavl ) and the Great Moscow Railway Ring - the city has good transport links. There are connections to Moscow both with regular local trains (also known as Elektritschki ) and with several bus routes. Some long-distance trains and express trains from Moscow to Yaroslavl via Alexandrov and Rostov also stop at Sergiev Posad station . The stop at kilometer 39 of the Great Moscow Railway Ring is on the northern outskirts of Sergiev Posad; from there there are train connections to Dmitrov .
Town twinning
Sergiev Posad lists the following seven twin cities :
| city | country | since |
|---|---|---|
| Bari |
 Apulia, Italy
|
2010 |
| Fulda |
 Hessen, Germany
|
1991 |
| Gniezno |
 Greater Poland, Poland
|
2007 |
| Nowy Afon |
 Abkhazia, Georgia
|
2007 |
| Sarov |
 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
|
2007 |
| Sremski Karlovci |
 Vojvodina, Serbia
|
|
| Vagharschapat |
 Armavir, Armenia
|
2010 |
sons and daughters of the town
- Sergei Pitschugin (1881–1971), painter
- Vladimir Golubew (1884–1954), mathematician
- Alexander Rou (1906–1973), film director
- Sergei Tschernikow (1912–1987), mathematician
- Sergei Kondrashov (1923-2007), Lieutenant General
- Yevgeny Korolkow (1930-2014), Turner
- Yuri Petrov (* 1955), historian
- Alexei Gromow (* 1960), politician
- Dmitri Kholodov (1967–1994), journalist
literature
- TNManushina, SVNikolayeva, OIZaritskaya: Sergiev Posad. Museum reserve. ART-Rodnik, Moscow 2001, ISBN 5-88896-077-2
Web links
- Sergiev Posad on mojgorod.ru (Russian)
- Unofficial Portal (Russian)
- Treasures of the world: Trinity Monastery
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
- ↑ http://www.aktuell.ru/russland/news/mord_in_klosterstadt_sagorsk_buergermeister_erschossen_30245.html
- ↑ Murder on the street: Russian mayor shot. In: Spiegel Online . August 22, 2011, accessed June 9, 2018 .
- ↑ http://compromatwiki.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1% 81% D0% BE% D0% BA_% D0% 94% D1% 83% D1% 88% D0% BA% D0% BE
- ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from October 12, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ http://lifenews.ru/news/105194
- ↑ http://www.newsru.com/arch/crime/02nov2012/shotomonmayorcase.html
- ↑ Города побратимы - Торгово-промышленная палата Сергиево-Посадского района. Retrieved December 2, 2016 .
