Boskovice

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Boskovice
Boskovice coat of arms
Boskovice (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Jihomoravský kraj
District : Blansko
Area : 2782 ha
Geographic location : 49 ° 29 '  N , 16 ° 40'  E Coordinates: 49 ° 29 '15 "  N , 16 ° 39' 35"  E
Height: 381  m nm
Residents : 11,622 (Jan 1, 2019)
Postal code : 680 18
License plate : B.
traffic
Street: Moravská Třebová - Blansko
Kunštát - Prostějov
Railway connection: Chornice – Skalice nad Svitavou
structure
Status: city
Districts: 5
administration
Mayor : Hana Nedomová (as of 2018)
Address: Masarykovo nám. 4/2
680 18 Boskovice
Municipality number: 581372
Website : www.boskovice.cz

Boskovice (German Boskowitz ) is a town in Okres Blansko in the Jihomoravský kraj region in the Czech Republic .

geography

Boskovice is located on the Bělá, 32 kilometers north of Brno in the Boskovická brázda . The Drahanská vrchovina hill country runs southeast . Neighboring towns are Sudice in the north, Vážany in the northeast, Hrádkov ( Radkau ) and Velenov in the east, Valchov in the southeast, Újezd in the south and Mladkov ( Mlatkau ) in the west. South of the city that lies Boskovice castle and above the forest the castle Boskovice . Numerous tourist trails lead through the area and cycle paths are being expanded.

history

Boskovice

The oldest written sources come from the year 1213. In 1222 the Boskowitz Fortress, which is located on a hill and below which a settlement developed, was owned by Jimram / Emmeram von Boskowitz . In 1312 the fortress was destroyed. In 1398 Heralt von Kunstadt built a castle nearby. Around this time Boskowitz was raised to the rank of city. The castle was destroyed during the Hussite Wars . King George of Podebrady , who also came from the von Kunstadt family, handed over the castle and rule of Boskowitz to the Moravian governor Vaněk von Boskowitz in 1458. Boskowitz experienced a cultural boom under his successors. Ladislaus Velen von Boskowitz (1455–1520) belonged to the humanistically educated nobles of Moravia. In 1505 he had the Renaissance town hall and All Saints Church built in Boskowitz. He gave the parish church of St. Jacob the richly illustrated "Boskovice Bible" ( Bible Boskoviská ). Since the Hussite Wars, utraquist preachers worked in Boskowitz , then preachers of the Bohemian Brethren and at times also Catholic priests.

Because of economic difficulties Boskowitz was sold in 1547 to the German-born, Hungarian mining entrepreneur Simon Eder. Veit Eder sold it to Jaroslav von Zástřizl in 1567 , who died in 1583. Wenceslaus the Elder Ä. Zástřizl, who was in close contact with the Geneva Calvinists , founded an arms store and a castle library in Boskowitz. From 1613 the Jesuit Johann Drachovius and after him Johannes Sarkander, who was expelled in 1615, carried out the Counter Reformation . After the death of Susanna von Zástřizl in 1687, Boskowitz fell to her widower Walther Franz Xaver Anton von Dietrichstein († 1738). From 1819 to 1826 Franz Joseph von Dietrichstein built a castle in the classicism style on the site of a Dominican convent that was abolished as part of the Josephine reforms and later devastated . After Franz Joseph von Dietrichstein's death in 1854, Boskowitz passed to the aristocratic Mensdorff-Pouilly family , who owned the castle until it was expropriated in 1948 and received it back through restitution after the Velvet Revolution of 1989 .

The textile and machine industries have been of economic importance since the 19th century and the furniture and food industries since the 20th century. In 1921 the total number of inhabitants was 6,617, of which 6,118 were Czechs, 68 Germans and 310 Jews.

Jewish community

There is evidence of a Jewish community in Boskowitz since the 15th century. South of the main square was a closed ghetto with a synagogue from 1698, which was later rebuilt in the neo-Gothic style. At times Boskowitz was the seat of the Moravian regional rabbinate . In 1848 the Jewish population was 38%. Before 1938, almost 400 Jews lived in Boskowitz. Most of them were murdered in concentration camps during the Nazi regime . After the Second World War, only ten Jews came back to Boskowitz. The Jewish cemetery in Boskovice was laid out in the 16th century and today still has around 2400 tombstones. According to Hormayr's archive, Jhrg. 1818, p. 604, a tombstone was found in the cemetery, the inscription of which says that this is the resting place of Adelin, the son of Samuel, who died on the 5th day of the month of Nissan 4829 == 1069.

City arms

The coat of arms of the city with the silver jagged bar in red is the coat of arms of the Lords of Boskowitz .

City structure

The town of Boskovice consists of the districts Bačov ( Batschau ), Boskovice ( Boskowitz ), Hrádkov ( Radkau ), Mladkov ( Mlatkau ) and Vratíkov ( Wratikau ), which also form cadastral districts.

Basic development units are Bačov, Béla, Boskovice-sever, Červená zahrada, Cerveny vrch, Čížovky, Hrádkov, Mladkov, Na Balkáně, Na vyhlídce, Pod oborou-Mánesova, Sídliště Pod oborou, Šmelcovna ( smelter ), nádraží U, nemocnice U, V Cihelnách , Vinohrádky, Vratíkov, Za Doubravskou ulicí and Zámecká obora.

Attractions

St. Jacob Parish Church
  • Boskovice Castle , ruins of a castle originally mentioned in 1313, seat of the Boskowitz family , restored in the second half of the 15th century, in 1556 by Albrecht von Boskowitz and Černá Hora (1526–1572) rebuilt into a Renaissance style chateau.
  • The Boskovice Castle was built on the site of the Dominican convent built after 1682, which was closed by Emperor Joseph II in 1784 and later torn down. The castle was built between 1819 and 1826 by Franz Joseph von Dietrichstein, presumably based on a design by the architect Josef Esch in the classical style. It is surrounded by a spacious park with a palm house.
  • Neo-Gothic riding school
  • St. Jakob parish church ( Kostel svatého Jakuba ) with a Gothic core from the 14th century was rebuilt in late Gothic style around 1500 and baroque around 1670. After a severe fire in 1772, it was rebuilt in the neo-Gothic style from 1845 to 1848 according to a design by Andras Schroth. There are a number of Gothic and Renaissance tombstones in the church . The statues on the main altar were created by Andreas Schweigel .
  • All Saints Church from 1505
  • Town hall with a late Renaissance tower from the first half of the 17th century
  • Former Jewish ghetto between the castle and the city with synagogue and mikveh
  • The Jewish cemetery in Boskovice is the largest Jewish cemetery in Moravia
  • In the vicinity of Bačov there is a site with fossils of Paleozoic amphibians ( stegocephalic ).
  • In the vicinity, in the karst area of ​​Vratíkov, there is the St. Bartholomew Church in late Baroque style with a dome and the plan of the Greek cross, built 1757-1759 on the site of a former Romanesque rotunda . The church was designed by the sculptor Andreas Schweigel.

sons and daughters of the town

literature

Web links

Commons : Boskovice  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/581372/Boskovice
  2. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  3. ↑ Boskowitz Bible ( Czech ) ( Memento of the original from August 10, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.boskovice.cz
  4. ^ Hugo Gold / Heinrich Flesch: History of the Jews in Boskowitz, in: Journal for the history of the Jews in Czechoslovakia, Brünn 1931, digitized
  5. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/casti-obce-obec/581372/Obec-Boskovice
  6. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi-obec/581372/Obec-Boskovice
  7. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/zsj-obec/581372/Obec-Boskovice