List of heads of state 1748

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Africa

• Ethiopia
  • Emperor : Iyasu II (1730–1755)

• Burundi
  • King : Mutaga III. Senyamwiza (approx. 1739 – approx. 1767)

• Dahomey
  • King : Tegbesu (1732–1774)

• Morocco
  • Power struggles among the tribes, no recognized ruler until 1757

• Tunisia ( Husainid dynasty)
  • Sultan: Ali Pasha (1735-1756)

America

• Viceroyalty of Brazil
  • Viceroy : André de Melo e Castro (1735–1749)

• Viceroyalty of New Granada
  • Viceroy : Sebastián de Eslava y Lazaga (1740–1749)

• Viceroyalty of New Spain
  • Viceroy : Juan Francisco de Güemes y Horcasitas (1746–1755)

• Viceroyalty of Peru
  • Viceroy : José Antonio Manso de Velasco (1745–1761)

Asia

• Afghanistan
  • Emir: Ahmad Shah Durrani (1747–1772)

• China ( Qing Dynasty )
  • Emperor: Qian Long (1735–1796)

• Japan
  • Emperor : Momozono (1747–1762)
  • Shogun ( Tokugawa ): Tokugawa Ieshige (1745–1760)

• Korea ( Joseon )
  • King : Yeongjo (1724–1776)

• Persia ( Afsharid dynasty)
  • Shah : Sulayman II (1747–1750)

• Thailand
  • King: Boromakot (1733–1758)

Europe

• Andorra
  • Co-princes :
    • King of France : Louis XV. (1715–1774)
    • Bishop of Urgell : Sebastià de Victoria Emparán y Loyola (1747–1756)

• Denmark and Norway
  • King : Friedrich V (1746–1766)

• France
  • King : Louis XV. (1715–1774)

• Great Britain and Ireland
  • Head of State: King George II (1727–1760) (1727–1760 Elector of Braunschweig-Lüneburg)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Henry Pelham (1743–1754)

• Holy Roman Empire
  • King and Emperor : Franz I (1745–1765) (1729–1736 Duke of Lorraine, 1737–1765 Grand Duke of Tuscany)
  • Electoral College
    • Archbishopric of Cologne
      • Elector : Clemens August von Bayern (1723–1761) (1724–1761 Bishop of Hildesheim, 1719–1761 Bishop of Münster, 1728–1761 Bishop of Osnabrück, 1719–1761 Bishop of Paderborn, 1716–1719 Bishop of Regensburg, 1732–1761 Grand Master of the Teutonic Order)
    • Archbishopric Mainz
      • Elector : Johann Friedrich Karl von Ostein (1743–1763) (1756–1763 Bishop of Worms)
    • Archbishopric Trier
      • Elector : Franz Georg von Schönborn (1729–1756) (1732–1756 Bishop of Worms, 1732–1756 Provost of Ellwangen)
    • Duchy of Bavaria
      • Elector : Maximilian III. Joseph (1745–1777)
    • Kingdom of Bohemia
      • Queen : Maria Theresa (1740–1780) (1740–1780 Duchess of Milan, 1740–1780 Archduchess of Austria, 1740–1780 Duchess of Parma, 1740–1780 Queen of Hungary)
    • Margraviate of Brandenburg
      • Elector : Friedrich II. (1740–1786) (1740–1786 King of Prussia)
    • Duchy of Brunswick-Lueneburg
      • Elector : George II (1727–1760) (1727–1760 King of Great Britain and Ireland)
    • Palatine County near the Rhine
      • Elector : Karl Theodor (1742–1799) (1777–1799 Elector of Bavaria, 1742–1799 Duke of Jülich and Berg)
    • Duchy of Saxony
      • Elector : Friedrich August II. (1733–1763) (1733–1763 King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania)
  • spiritual imperial princes
    • Hochstift Augsburg
      • Bishop : Joseph Ignaz Philipp of Hessen-Darmstadt (1740–1768)
    • Bamberg Monastery
      • Bishop : Johann Philipp Anton von und zu Frankenstein (1746–1753)
    • Hochstift Basel
      • Bishop : Josef Wilhelm Rinck von Baldenstein (1744–1762)
    • Prince Provost Berchtesgaden
      • Provost : Cajetan Anton Notthracht von Weißenstein (1732–1752)
    • Brixen monastery
      • Bishop : Leopold von Spaur (1747–1778)
    • Hochstift Chur (territory 1648 federal, bishop imperial class without immediate land)
      • Bishop : Joseph Benedikt von Rost (1728–1754)
    • Corvey Abbey
      • Abbot : Caspar II of Böselager-Honeburg (1737–1758)
    • Balleien of the Teutonic Order
      • Grand Master : Clemens August von Bayern (1732–1761) (1723–1761 Archbishop of Cologne, 1724–1761 Bishop of Hildesheim, 1719–1761 Bishop of Münster, 1719–1761 Bishop of Osnabrück, 1719–1761 Bishop of Paderborn, 1716–1719 Bishop of Regensburg)
    • Eichstätt Monastery
      • Bishop : Johann Anton II. Von Freyberg (1736–1757)
    • Prince Provost Ellwangen
      • Provost : Franz Georg von Schönborn (1732–1756) (1729–1756 Archbishop of Trier, 1732–1756 Bishop of Worms)
    • Hochstift Freising
      • Bishop : Johann Theodor von Bayern (1727–1763) (1744–1763 Bishop of Lüttich, 1719–1763 Bishop of Regensburg)
    • Fulda Abbey
      • Abbot : Amand von Buseck (1737–1756) (from 1752 bishop)
    • Hildesheim Monastery
      • Bishop : Clemens August von Bayern (1724–1761) (1723–1761 Archbishop of Cologne, 1732–1761 Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, 1719–1761 Bishop of Münster, 1728–1761 Bishop of Osnabrück, 1719–1761 Bishop of Paderborn, 1716– 1719 Bishop of Regensburg)
    • Prince Abbey of Kempten
      • Abbot : Engelbert von Syrgenstein (1747–1760)
    • Constance monastery
      • Bishop : Kasimir Anton von Sickingen (1743–1750)
    • Hochstift Lübeck (1555–1803 Protestant administrators)
      • Bishop : Adolf Friedrich von Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf (1727–1750) (1751–1771 King of Sweden)
    • Liège Monastery
      • Bishop : Johann Theodor von Bayern (1744–1763) (1727–1763 Bishop of Freising, 1719–1763 Bishop of Regensburg)
    • Monastery of Münster
      • Bishop : Clemens August von Bayern (1719–1761) (1723–1761 Archbishop of Cologne, 1724–1761 Bishop of Hildesheim, 1728–1761 Bishop of Osnabrück, 1719–1761 Bishop of Paderborn, 1716–1719 Bishop of Regensburg, 1732–1761 Grand Master of the Teutonic Order)
    • Hochstift Osnabrück (1662–1802 alternating between Catholic and Lutheran bishops)
      • Bishop : Clemens August von Bayern (1728–1761) (1723–1761 Archbishop of Cologne, 1724–1761 Bishop of Hildesheim, 1719–1761 Bishop of Münster, 1719–1761 Bishop of Paderborn, 1716–1719 Bishop of Regensburg, 1732–1761 Grand Master of the Teutonic Order)
    • Paderborn Monastery
      • Bishop : Clemens August von Bayern (1719–1761) (1723–1761 Archbishop of Cologne, 1724–1761 Bishop of Hildesheim, 1719–1761 Bishop of Münster, 1728–1761 Bishop of Osnabrück, 1716–1719 Bishop of Regensburg, 1732–1761 Grand Master of the Teutonic Order)
    • Passau bishopric
      • Bishop : Joseph Dominikus von Lamberg (1723–1761)
    • Regensburg Monastery
      • Bishop : Johann Theodor von Bayern (1719–1763) (1727–1763 Bishop of Freising, 1744–1763 Bishop of Liège)
    • Archbishopric Salzburg
      • Archbishop : Andreas Jakob von Dietrichstein (1747–1753)
    • Speyer Monastery
      • Bishop : Franz Christoph von Hutten zum Stolzenberg (1743–1770)
    • Stablo-Malmedy Abbey
      • Abbot : Joseph de Nollet-Bourdon (1741–1753)
    • Strasbourg Monastery
      • Bishop : Armand I. Gaston Maximilien de Rohan-Soubise (1704–1749)
    • Hochstift Trento
      • Bishop : Dominikus Anton von Thun (1730–1758)
    • Hochstift Worms
      • Bishop : Franz Georg von Schönborn (1732–1756) (1729–1756 Archbishop of Trier, 1732–1756 Provost of Ellwangen)
    • Würzburg Monastery
      • Bishop : Anselm Franz von Ingelheim (1746–1749)
  • secular imperial princes
    • Principality of Anhalt
      • Anhalt-Bernburg
        • Prince : Viktor II. Friedrich (1721–1765)
      • Principality of Anhalt-Dessau
        • Prince : Leopold II. Maximilian (1747–1751)
      • Principality of Anhalt-Köthen
        • Prince : August Ludwig (1728–1755)
      • Anhalt-Zerbst
        • Prince : Friedrich August (1747–1793) (1747–1752 under guardianship)
        • Regent: Johanna Elisabeth of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf (1747–1752)
    • Arenberg
      • Duke : Leopold Philipp (1691–1754)
    • Margraviate of Baden
      • Baden-Baden
        • Margrave : Ludwig Georg Simpert (1707–1761) (1707–1727 under guardianship)
      • Baden-Durlach
        • Margrave : Karl Friedrich (1738–1771) (1738–1746 under guardianship) (1771–1803 Margrave of Baden, 1803–1806 Elector of Baden, 1806–1811 Grand Duke)
    • Brandenburg-Ansbach
      • Margrave : Karl Wilhelm Friedrich (1723–1757)
    • Brandenburg-Bayreuth
      • Margrave : Friedrich III. (1735–1763)
    • Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel
      • Duke : Charles I (1735–1780)
    • Hessen-Darmstadt
      • Landgrave : Louis VIII (1739–1768)
    • Hessen-Kassel
      • Landgrave : Frederick I (1730–1751) (1720–1751 King of Sweden)
        • Governor: Wilhelm von Hessen-Kassel (1730–1751) (1751–1760 Landgrave)
    • Hohenzollern-Hechingen
      • Prince : Friedrich Ludwig (1735–1750)
    • Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
      • Prince : Joseph Friedrich Ernst (1715–1769) (until 1720 under guardianship)
    • Jülich and Berg
      • Duke : Karl Theodor (1742–1799) (1777–1799 Elector of Bavaria, 1742–1799 Elector of the Palatinate, 1742–1799 Duke of Palatinate-Neuburg)
    • Liechtenstein
      • Prince : Johann Nepomuk Karl (1732–1748) (until 1745 under guardianship)
      • Prince: Josef Wenzel ( 1712–1718 , 1748–1772) (1732–1745 Regent of Liechtenstein)
    • Mecklenburg
      • Mecklenburg-Schwerin
        • Duke : Christian Ludwig II. (1728–1756)
      • Mecklenburg-Strelitz
        • Duke : Adolf Friedrich III. (1708–1752)
    • Nassau
      • Ottonian line
        • Nassau-Diez
          • Prince : Wilhelm IV. (1711–1751) (1722–1729 governor of Drenthe, 1729–1751 governor of Friesland and Groningen, 1747–1751 governor of Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht and Zeeland, 1747–1751 governor of the Netherlands)
      • Walramic line
        • Nassau-Saarbrücken
          • Prince : Wilhelm Heinrich (1735–1768) (until 1741 under guardianship)
        • Nassau-Usingen
          • Prince : Karl (1718–1775) (until 1733 under guardianship)
        • Nassau-Weilburg
          • Prince : Karl August (1719–1753)
    • Austria
      • Archduchess : Maria Theresa (1740–1780) (1740–1780 Queen of Bohemia, 1740–1780 Duchess of Milan, 1740–1780 Duchess of Parma, 1740–1780 Queen of Hungary)
    • Pfalz-Neuburg
      • Duke : Karl Theodor (1742–1799) (1742–1777 Elector Palatinate, 1777–1799 Elector Palatinate-Bavaria, 1733–1799 Duke of Palatinate-Sulzbach, 1742–1794 / 99 Duke of Jülich and Berg)
    • Pfalz-Sulzbach
      • Duke : Karl Theodor (1733–1799) (1742–1777 Elector Palatinate, 1777–1799 Elector Palatinate-Bavaria, 1742–1799 Duke of Palatinate-Neuburg, 1742–1794 / 99 Duke of Jülich and Berg)
    • Pfalz-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld
      • Duke : Christian IV (1735–1775)
    • Duchy of Saxony
      • Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
        • Duke : Franz Josias (1729–1764)
      • Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
        • Duke : Friedrich III. (1732–1772)
      • Saxony-Hildburghausen
        • Duke : Ernst Friedrich III. (1745–1780) (1745–1748 under guardianship)
        • Regent: Caroline von Erbach-Fürstenau (1745–1748)
      • Saxony-Meiningen
        • Duke : Anton Ulrich (1746–1763)
      • Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
        • Duke : Ernst August I (1741–1748) (1707–1741 Duke of Saxe-Weimar)
        • Duke: Ernst August II. (1748–1758) (1748–1755 under guardianship)
        • Regent: Friedrich III. of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (1748–1755) (1732–1772 Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg)
        • Regent: Franz Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (1748–1755) (1729–1764 Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld)
    • Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
      • Prince : Johann Friedrich (1744–1767)
    • Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
      • Prince : Heinrich (1740–1758)
    • Waldeck
      • Prince : Karl August Friedrich (1728–1763)
    • Württemberg
      • Duke : Karl Eugen (1737–1793)
  • other imperial estates (selection)
    • lip
      • Lippe-Biesterfeld
        • Count : Friedrich Karl August (1736–1781)
      • Lippe-Detmold
        • Count : Simon August (1734–1782)
      • Lippe-Biesterfeld-Weißenfeld
        • Count : Ferdinand Ludwig (1736–1781)
    • Ortenburg
      • Count : Karl III. (1725–1776) (1725–1739 under guardianship)
    • Reuss
      • Reuss older line
        • Reuss overburden
          • Count : Heinrich XI. (1723–1768) (1768–1778 Count of Reuss-Greiz, 1778–1800 Prince of Reuss older line)
        • Reuss undergrowth
          • Count : Heinrich III. (1733–1768)
      • Reuss younger line
        • Reuss-Ebersdorf
          • Count : Heinrich XXIV. (1747–1779)
        • Reuss-Gera
          • Count : Heinrich XXV. (1735–1748)
          • Count: Heinrich XXX. (1748–1802)
        • Reuss-Lobenstein
          • Count : Heinrich II. (1739–1782)
        • Reuss-Schleiz
          • Count : Heinrich XII. (1744–1784)
    • Schaumburg-Lippe
      • Count : Albrecht Wolfgang (1728–1748)
      • Count: Wilhelm (1748–1777)

• Italian states
  • Genoa
    • Doge : Giovanni Francesco Brignole Sale (1746–1748)
    • Doge: Cesare Cattaneo Della Volta (1748–1750)
  • Papal States
    • Pope : Benedict XIV (1740–1758)
  • Milan (1706–1800 to Austria)
    • Duchess : Maria Theresa (1740–1780) (1740–1780 Queen of Bohemia, 1740–1780 Archduchess of Austria, 1740–1780 Duchess of Parma, 1740–1780 Queen of Hungary)
      • Governor : Ferdinand Bonaventura von Harrach (1747–1750)
  • Massa and Carrara
    • Duchess : Maria Teresa Cybo-Malaspina (1731–1790) (until 1744 under guardianship)
  • Modena and Reggio
    • Duke : Francesco III. d'Este (1737–1780) (1754–1771 Governor of Milan)
  • Naples (1735–1806 personal union with Sicily)
    • King : Charles VII (1735–1759) (1731–1735 Duke of Parma and Piacenza, 1735–1759 King of Sicily, 1759–1788 King of Spain)
  • Parma and Piacenza
    • Duchess : Maria Theresa (1740–1780) (1740–1780 Queen of Bohemia, 1740–1780 Duchess of Milan, 1740–1780 Archduchess of Austria, 1740–1780 Queen of Hungary)
  • Piombino
    • Prince : Gaetano Boncompagni-Ludovisi (1745–1777)
  • Sardinia (since 1720 part of Savoy)
    • King : Karl Emanuel III. (1730–1773) (1720–1730 and 1732–1773 Duke of Savoy)
      • Viceroy : Giuseppe Maria del Carretto (1745–1748)
      • Viceroy: Emanuele Valguarnera (1748–1751)
  • Savoy
    • Duke : Charles Emanuel III. ( 1720–1730 , 1732–1773) (1730–1773 King of Sardinia)
  • Sicily (1735–1806 in personal union with Naples)
    • King : Charles V (1735–1759) (1735–1759 King of Naples, 1731–1735 Duke of Parma and Piacenza, 1759–1788 King of Spain)
      • Viceroy : Eustachio di Laviefuille (1747–1753)
  • Tuscany
    • Grand Duke : Franz Stephan (1737–1765) (1745–1765 Emperor, 1729–1736 Duke of Lorraine)
  • Venice
    • Doge : Pietro Grimani (1741–1752)

• Khanate of Crimea
  • Khan : Selim II Giray (1743–1748)
  • Khan: Arslan Giray (1748–1756, 1767 )

• Courland
  • Duke : Ernst Johann von Biron (1737–1758, 1763–1769 )

• Malta
  • Grand Master : Manuel Pinto de Fonseca (1741–1773)

• Moldova (under Ottoman rule)
  • Prince : Grigore II. Ghica ( 1726–1733, 1735–1739, 1739–1741 , 1747–1748) (1733–1735, 1748–1752 Prince of Wallachia)
  • Prince: Constantin Mavrocordat ( 1733–1735, 1741–1743 , 1748–1749, 1769 ) (1730, 1731–1733, 1735–1741, 1744–1748, 1756–1758, 1761–1763 Prince of Wallachia)

• Monaco
  • Prince : Honoré III. (1732–1793)
    • Governor General: Antoine Grimaldi (1732–1784)

• Netherlands
  • Republic of the Seven United Provinces
    • Hereditary governor : . William IV of Orange (1747-1751) (1722-1747 governor of Drenthe and funds, 1711-1747 governor of Friesland, 1718-1747 governor of Groningen, 1747 governor of Holland, Zealand, Utrecht and Overijssel)
  • Austrian Netherlands (formally part of the Holy Roman Empire until 1714/95)
    • Governor : Karl Alexander von Lothringen (1744–1780) (1761–1780 Grand Master of the Teutonic Order)

• Ottoman Empire
  • Sultan : Mahmud I (1730–1754)

• Poland
  • King : August III. (1733–1763) (1733–1763 Elector of Saxony)

• Portugal
  • King : John V (1706–1750)

• Prussia
  • King : Friedrich II. (1740–1786) (1740–1786 Elector of Brandenburg)

• Russia
  • Empress : Elisabeth (1741–1762)

• Sweden
  • King : Friedrich (1720–1751) (1730–1751 Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel)

• Spain
  • King : Ferdinand VI. (1746–1759)

• Hungary
  • Queen : Maria Theresa (1740–1780) (1740–1780 Queen of Bohemia, 1740–1780 Duchess of Milan, 1740–1780 Archduchess of Austria, 1740–1780 Duchess of Parma)

• Wallachia (under Ottoman rule)
  • Prince : Constantin Mavrocordat ( 1730, 1731–1733, 1735–1741 , 1744–1748, 1756–1758, 1761–1763 ) (1733–1735, 1741–1743, 1748–1749, 1769 Prince of Moldavia)
  • Prince: Grigore II. Ghica ( 1733–1735 , 1748–1752) (1726–1733, 1735–1739, 1739–1741, 1747–1748 Prince of Moldavia)