Order of Knights of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem

cross
coat of arms
Motto : Deus lo vult ("God wants it")
Basic data
Official language	Italian
Legal status	Relationship of sovereignty to the Holy See
Seat of the order (admin.)	Palazzo Della Rovere Via della Conciliazione 33, Rome
Seat of the order (jur.)	Gran Magistero dell'OESSH 00120 Vatican City
Seat of the Grand Master’s Office	Borgo S. Spirito, 73 00193 Rome
Cardinal Grand Master	Fernando Cardinal Filoni (since December 8, 2019)
Pro-Grand Prior	Pierbattista Pizzaballa OFM Ap. Administrator of the Lat. Patriarchate of Jerusalem (since 2016)
Governor General	Agostino Borromeo (since 2017)
Governor General	Leonardo Visconti di Modrone (since 2017)
Members	28,000 (2011)

The Order of the Knights of the Holy grave in Jerusalem ( Latin Ordo Sancti Equestris Sepulcri Hierosolymitani , religious symbol OESSH , as grave knight known) is adjacent to the Malta one of two pontifical orders of knighthood .

The order is a Roman Catholic lay order constituted in the 19th century . In 1868 this lay association was established as the Order of Knights of the Holy Sepulcher by Pope Pius IX. constituted. The German Lieutenancy of this Papal Lay Order was founded on December 8, 1933. Since then, it has been the task of the Order to promote the Catholic Church in the Holy Land and to support it through worldwide activities. Of all religious orders of knights of the Catholic Church, e.g. B. The Order of Malta and the Order of Teutonic Knights , both of which were founded during the Crusades in the Holy Land and were also based there, the Order of Knights of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem is on the one hand the youngest papal order of knights; on the other hand, it was - founded in Rome - never at home in the Holy Land. The Order is directly under the protection of the Holy See due to historical, legal and spiritual ties and is a legal entity under canon law as confirmed by Pope Pius XII. of September 14, 1949, John XXIII. of December 8, 1962 as well as Pope Paul VI. of July 19, 1977 and - based on a confirmation by Pope John Paul II of February 1, 1996 - a legal entity of the Vatican State and thus a papally recognized community of Catholic lay people and priests .

The Order of Knights of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem enjoys the same immediate recognition as the Order of Malta . Both are the only knightly orders of the Catholic Church recognized by the Holy See , which also have a special sovereignty relationship with the Holy See. Both orders do not owe their origin to a papal foundation, but the Knightly Order of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem is not an order in the sense of the CIC .

prehistory

middle Ages

Godfrey of Bouillon

In addition to the much older Christian orders of knights, e.g. B. the Order of Malta (Catholic), the Order of Teutonic Knights or German Order (Latin: Ordo Teutonicus, OT (Catholic)) and the Order of St. John (Protestant), which are the (legal) successors of the religious orders of knights from the time of the Crusades the order of knights of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem an order of knights that is not directly in the tradition of the crusades.

The order has ideal forerunners in the Order of Canons of the Holy Sepulcher , which emerged from the cathedral chapter of the Patriarchate of Jerusalem founded in 1099 under Godfrey of Bouillon . In the old statute of the Order of the Canons of the Holy Sepulcher (1099), published in Lyon by Antoine Régnault in 1573, the following text was recorded under Article 4:

“In honor of the passion of our Lord Jesus Christ and out of the admiration we feel towards the Holy Father and the Apostolic See, as well as in submission to the representatives of God on earth and the bishops of the great city of Rome, we humbly have the› venerable crosses ‹With which we have marked ourselves and our soldiers in honor of the five wounds of our Lord Jesus Christ , in order to act in greater unity against unbelievers and to make us recognizable in the countries of the unbelievers in life and in death as a Christian people. What is more, we have taken a look at and decided to found the Order of the Holy Sepulcher in our city of Jerusalem in honor and in awe of the most holy resurrection. To our Christian name we have added the dignity of the primacy of the said order and stipulated that the above five crosses are worn by the knights of the said order in honor of the wounds done to our Lord Jesus Christ. We have marked many with this and marked them with these crosses, so that they can be recognized by us and by the unbelievers in the event that they are broken up or that it is made impossible for them to remain in the army. "

Since 1114, the rule of St. Augustine was imposed on the members of the order by the Patriarch of Jerusalem; which was confirmed by Pope Calixt II in 1122 . The head of the order at this time were the Popes Calixt II, Honorius II and Celestine II. For the further history of the spiritual order of the Holy Sepulcher see: Canons of the Holy Sepulcher .

However, the historical origins of this order are not clearly established, although an unproven tradition traces its origins in the First Crusade. In fact, the first evidence of the investiture of a knight called the "Knight of the Holy Sepulcher" is from 1336. And so they are far behind the actual Crusades. The existence of the order has been well documented since the 14th century.

In the 14th century a religious lay Association was established in connection with the strengthening of the pilgrimage movement to the Holy Land from the 1333/36 first attested custom of noble pilgrims at the holy grave by the Guardian of the Franciscan monastery on Mount Zion to beat the Knights of the Holy Sepulcher . So this custom came about long after the Crusades . After the pilgrims returned to their homeland, they formed loose, brotherhood-like associations. A common religious life as with other knight orders is not documented in the medieval knightly order of the Holy Sepulcher. Since the end of the 15th century, non-nobles were also knighted. Now the accolade was connected with the obligation to comply with specifically religious regulations.

Modern times

This privilege of the Franciscans in Jerusalem was confirmed several times by Rome, first by Pope Leo X. on May 4, 1515. In 1496 the Franciscan Guardian in Jerusalem received from Pope Alexander VI. permission to knight pilgrims from the Holy Tomb. Pope Clement VII confirmed the permission, as did Pope Pius IV on August 1, 1561, Pope Alexander VII on August 3, 1665, Pope Benedict XIII. on March 3, 1727. A merger with the Order of Malta intended by Pope Paul V and Innocent VIII in 1489 did not materialize.

Many prominent nobles, especially in the 14th and 15th centuries, undertook the grueling and dangerous pilgrimage to the Holy Land to be knighted at the Lord's grave : Duke Ernst the Iron , Oswald von Wolkenstein , Emperor Friedrich III. , Landgrave Wilhelm I of Hesse , Elector Friedrich III. von Sachsen , Duke Christoph the Strong and others. Several confirmations from the papal side have been given to this custom and to the Knights of the Holy Sepulcher.

history

Modern

In 1847 the Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem was re-established; Pope Pius IX then, at the request of the Jerusalem Patriarch Giuseppe Valerga, with the Breve cum multa sapienter of January 24, 1868, reorganized the old chivalry of the Holy Grave and transformed it into a formal papal religious order ; the Jerusalem cross officially became the symbol of the order. The order was initially directly subordinate to the Patriarch of Jerusalem. The popes then personally led the order until Pius XII. with the statute of 1949 established a curia cardinal as grand master of the order.

The Apostolic Letter of January 6, 1928 stated that the Order could not refer to any documents before January 24, 1868. In particular, the privileges granted by the custodian of the Franciscan order Boniface of Ragusa in 1553 were suspended.

On July 27, 1931, the Order of Knights of the Holy Sepulcher received the addition to Jerusalem . It was also stipulated that the appointment of new knights must be submitted to the Papal Brevensecretariat for approval; thus the award of the newly appointed knight also receives official recognition of all governments that have diplomatic relations with the Holy See.

tasks and goals

The order of knights of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem initially supports the Christian life of its members and is a community of prayer , spirituality , charity and action . Both lay Catholics (male or female) and clergy are members of the order.

The order is a papal order in the Catholic Church with a cardinal appointed by the Pope as Grand Master. It is committed to the defense of the rights of the church and the freedom to practice religion , the promotion of ecumenism , the protection of ethnic minorities and the efforts to achieve justice and peace . The social doctrine is a particular concern of the Order. The order of knights of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem does not perform political or economic tasks.

The leitmotif of the knightly order is Deus lo vult (“God wants it”), with which the First Crusade was called at the time .

The order is active worldwide and is involved in religious, charitable, cultural and social works and institutions of the Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem and supports the Christians in the Holy Land both in terms of promoting the Catholic faith in the Holy Land and financially. In particular, they are committed to the diverse work of the Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem in pastoral care in the 69 parishes, in support for the seminary in Beit Jala , for the construction and maintenance of parish churches, for kindergartens and schools and in numerous social institutions such as Homes for the elderly, medical wards as well as help for socially disadvantaged and old people in Israel , Palestine ( Gaza Strip / West Bank ), Jordan and Cyprus . The order of knights ensures the financing of the 44 patriarchal schools with over 22,000 Christian , Jewish and Muslim students in Palestine , Jordan and Israel. In addition, the University of Bethlehem and the new American University of Madaba in Jordan receive substantial support.

Structure and membership structure

Seat of the order

Order seat Palazzo Della Rovere, Rome

The headquarters of the order is the Palazzo Della Rovere on Via della Conciliazione in Rome. The palazzo was commissioned by Domenico della Rovere , Cardinal of San Clemente and nephew of Pope Sixtus IV , and built between 1480 and 1490 by the architect Baccio Pontelli . For over 300 years the palace was known as the Palazzo dei Penitenzieri ; since 1945 as the administrative seat of the order and since 1950 also as the seat of the order's own Hotel Columbus. The legal seat of the order is in the Vatican State . The official administrative seat of the order since 1945 is the church complex Sant'Onofrio al Gianicolo in Rione Trastevere in Rome.

Head of the Order

At the head of the order of knights, which has its administrative seat in Rome (de jure in the Vatican City ), there is a Grand Master . The office of Grand Master was initially exercised by the Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem (from 1847/48, initially independent, from 1868 under papal sovereignty), then the Pope personally (from 1907, lastly Pius XI. , Who also expired on the 6. January 1928). Before Pius XII. The resumed office of Grand Master in 1949 transferred to a Curia Cardinal as "Cardinal Grand Master", the Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem acted as "Rector and permanent administrator". On December 8, 2019, Pope Francis S. Ex. Appointed Fernando Filoni to succeed Edwin Frederick O'Brien as Cardinal Grand Master of the Order.

The leadership of the order consists of:

• Cardinal Grand Master: Cardinal Fernando Filoni , Vatican
• Pro-Grand Prior: Archbishop Pierbattista Pizzaballa , Apostolic Administrator of the Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem
• Governor General: Agostino Borromeo , Rome
• Governor General: Leonardo Visconti di Modrone , Rome
• Vice-Governors: Thomas Pogge, Omaha (USA); Jean-Pierre de Glutz , Lausanne (Switzerland); Paul Bartley, Brisbane (Australia)
• Chancellor: Alfredo Bastianelli, Vatican
• Ceremonial: Fortunato Frezza, Vatican
• Consultor: Joseph E. Spinnato, Muttontown (USA); Thomas E. McKiernan, Cincinnati OH (USA)

The Grand Magisterium is also staffed by the following people:

• Bo Johnson Theutenberg (Vatican)
• Philippe Plantade , Paris (France)
• François t'Kint de Roodenbeke, Rhode-Saint-Genese (Belgium)
• Mary Currivan O'Brien, San Francisco (USA)
• Flavio Rondinini (Vatican)
• Saverio Petrillo (Vatican)
• Nicholas McKenna, Ballymena (Ireland)

Membership structure

The number of grave knights is around 30,000 worldwide (as of 2018). The Order is in 58 Lieutenancies in Argentina , Australia , Belgium , Brazil , Germany , England / Wales , France , Finland , Gibraltar , India , Ireland , Italy , Canada , Columbia , Luxembourg , Hungary , Malta , Mexico , Monaco , New Zealand , the Netherlands , Norway , Austria , Philippines , Poland , Portugal , Puerto Rico , Russia , Sardinia , Sweden / Denmark , Switzerland , Scotland , Slovenia , Spain , South Africa , Taiwan , Venezuela and USA ; Magistral delegations are being set up in Guam , Croatia , Latvia , the Czech Republic and Ukraine .

The individual national Lieutenancies are headed by a "Lieutenant" (corresponds to the ecclesiastical rank of Archbishop; official salutation "Excellency"). The provinces are each headed by a president and the commanderies by a "leading commander".

The German Lieutenancy has a little over 1400 members, including around 1000 secular knights, 250 ladies and 150 clergy (as of 2011). The German Lieutenancy is divided into six order provinces (East German, Rhine-Main, North German, Rhenish-Westphalian, Bavarian, Southwest German order province). These provinces are divided into a total of 36 local commanderies (for a detailed list see below). Ordenskirche der Lieutenancy is the former collegiate church of St. Andreas in Cologne , in which the grave of St. Albertus Magnus is located. Since October 7, 2006, the Grand Prior of the German Lieutenancy has been the then Bishop of Trier and current Archbishop of Munich and Freising, Reinhard Cardinal Marx . Michael Schnieders, presiding judge at the OVG Münster, has been governor of the Knightly Order since 2019.

The Austrian Lieutenancy comprises twelve commanderies with around 520 members. Andreas Leiner has been the governor of the order of knights in Austria since January 1st, 2017; Grand Prior since February 2017 the Abbot of Wilten Abbey in Innsbruck, Prelate Raimund Schreier OPraem.

The Swiss Lieutenancy comprises seven commanderies with around 300 members in the German- Swiss section, three commanderies in French- speaking Switzerland and one in Italian-speaking Switzerland . The Grand Prior has been the Bishop of Lausanne, Geneva and Friborg , Charles Morerod OP , since 2017 ; Donata Maria Krethlow- Benziger from Lucerne is the governor .

admission

In principle, the order is open to all women (ladies) and men (knights) who have distinguished themselves as Catholic Christians. In general: “The knights and ladies are chosen from personalities of the Catholic faith as well as impeccable moral conduct, who have made a special contribution to the Catholic institutions in the Holy Land and to the Order and who undertake to do so in the future. "

You cannot apply for membership; Candidates for admission are selected at the suggestion of members of the Order. After a Nihil obstat of the respective local bishop, the governor and the grand prior of the respective Lieutenancy , the candidates are appointed by the Cardinal Grand Master and confirmed by the Vatican State Secretariat . Formal admission to the order takes place during investiture , with men (laymen only) receiving the accolade . The appointment of every single knight and every single lady has been made indirectly by the Pope since 1931 .

The order accepted women as full members at an early stage, at the suggestion of Patriarch Valerga and by order in the breve "Ad futuram rei memorandum" on August 3, 1888 by Pope Leo XIII .

• Moved into the Investiture of the German Lieutenancy of the Knight Order on May 16, 2009 in the High Cathedral in Fulda
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• Moved into the investiture of the German Lieutenancy of the Knight Order on October 9, 2010 in the cathedral in Dresden
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Uniform, insignia, medals

uniform

Wearing the uniform of the Order is currently not compulsory. In contrast, the use of the coat and beret is affirmed. The coat is made of ivory white cloth and is cut in the shape of a full wheel; A 25 cm tall Jerusalem cross in red is attached below the left shoulder. The beret is made of black velvet; the badges of rank are attached to it. Clergymen wear a mozetta . The women's coat is black, and the red Jerusalem cross is attached below the left shoulder. The ladies also wear a black veil.

insignia

The hallmark is the red fivefold Jerusalem cross . This was first used as a coat of arms by Godfrey of Bouillon , a leader of the First Crusade and after the conquest of Jerusalem the first regent of the newly founded Kingdom of Jerusalem. Noble knights and bishops of the Order of the Holy Sepulcher can add the order cross to their aristocratic or bishop's coat of arms.

With the Pope Pius IX. wrote the Breve "Cum multa sapienter" on January 24th, 1868, the order of knights was divided into three classes:

• First class knight or grand cross knight
• Second class knight or commander (1907 further differentiated between commander and commander with a star ("grand officers"))
• Third class knight or knight

1949 was by Pope Pius XII. the current classification made:

• Class of collar knights and collar ladies
• Class of knights (Grand Cross Knights, Grand Officers or Commander with a star, Commander, Knight)
• Ladies class (Grand Cross ladies, Komtur ladies with the star, Komtur ladies, ladies)

insignia
Abbreviations and full names
KHS / DHS knight / lady	KCHS / DCHS Komtur / Komtur-Dame	KC * HS / DC * HS Grand Officer / Komtur-Dame with star	GCHS Grand Cross Knight / Grand Cross Lady	Collar Knight / Collar Lady
Coat of arms of the knights / ladies

Medal and Cross of Merit

The Palm of Jerusalem was donated in 1949 and has only been awarded to members of the Order for Special Services to the Holy Land since 1977. The pilgrim shell is given to those members of the order who have made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land.

Badge of honor
Pilgrim shell	Palm of Jerusalem in bronze	Palm of Jerusalem in silver	Palm of Jerusalem in gold

Since 1949 the Order has been able to award a Cross of Merit to non-members who do not have to be of Catholic faith. The award of the Cross of Merit does not mean acceptance into the order of knights of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem.

Cross of Merit
Cross of Merit	Cross of Merit with a silver star	Cross of Merit with a gold star

The Jerusalem Pilgrim Cross from 1901 is not an award of the Order - even if it shows the same symbol. Pope Leo XIII transferred the right to award the Jerusalem pilgrim cross. the Custos of the Custody of the Holy Land .

Religious festivals and privileges

A characteristic of this papal order as a clerical knightly order is that the Apostolic Penitentiary last granted by letter of 23 September 1967 that the members of the order can receive a perfect indulgence if they meet the usual conditions. This can be done on the day of their admission or on the feast days of All Souls' Day (November 2nd), Exaltation of the Cross (September 14th), Saint Pius X. (August 21st) and Saint Helena (August 18th).

On October 25th the Order celebrates the feast of Our Lady, Queen of Palestine.

Grand Magisterium

Grand Master of the Order

Grand Master of the Order

• 1847–1872: Giuseppe Valerga , Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem
• 1872–1889: Vincenzo Bracco , Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem
• 1889–1905: Luigi Piavi , Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem
• 1907–1914: Pope Pius X.
• 1914–1922: Pope Benedict XV.
• 1922–1928: Pope Pius XI.
• 1928–1947: Aloysius Barlassina , Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem (however not Grand Master, but "Rector and permanent administrator of the Order")

Cardinal Grand Master of the Order of
Pius XII. set up Nicola Cardinal Canali as protector of the order in 1940. The office of Cardinal Grand Master was created with the statute of 1949, which was approved by the papal breve "Quam Romani Pontifices" of September 14, 1949. Previous Cardinal Grand Masters were:

• 1949-1960: Cardinal Nicola Canali
• 1960–1972: Cardinal Eugène Tisserant
• 1972–1988: Maximilien Cardinal de Fuerstenberg
• 1988-1995: Cardinal Giuseppe Caprio
• 1995-2007: Carlo Cardinal Furno
• 2007–2011: Cardinal John Patrick Foley
• 2011–2019: Edwin Frederick Cardinal O'Brien
• since 2019: Fernando Cardinal Filoni

General Governor of the Order

• … –1977: Prince Franz Xaver of Bourbon-Parma , Rome
• ...
• 1995-2004: Prince Paolo Enrico Massimo Lancellotti , Rome
• 2004–2008: Conte Ludovico Carducci Artenisio
• 2008–2011: Count Peter Wolff Metternich zur Gracht , Adelebsen Palace
• 2011–2017: Conte Giuseppe Dalla Torre del Tempio di Sanguinetto , Rome
• since 2017: Conte Agostino Borromeo , Rome

Order of knights in Germany, Austria and Switzerland

Provinces and Commanderies in Germany

Knight of the Order of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem on the Kranenburg cross costume 2007

Ladies and Knights of the Order of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem in Charlotte, NC

Knight of the Order of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem during the procession to Libori in Paderborn

• Bavarian order province with the commanderies in Augsburg, Bamberg, Eichstätt, Munich, Nuremberg, Passau, Regensburg, Würzburg
• North German order province with the commanderies in Braunschweig, Bremen, Hamburg, Hildesheim, Osnabrück-Vechta
• East Germany with the Commanderies in Berlin, Dresden / Görlitz, Magdeburg, Erfurt
• Province of Rhine-Main with the commanderies in Frankfurt, Fulda, Mainz | Wiesbaden, Speyer-Kaiserslautern
• Province of Rhineland-Westphalia with the commanderies in Aachen, Bonn, Dortmund, Düsseldorf, Duisburg, Essen, Cologne, Meschede, Münster, Paderborn, Trier, Rheda-Wiedenbrück
• Southwest German province with the commanderies in Baden-Baden, Freiburg, Heidelberg, Ravensburg, Stuttgart, Walldürn

Commanderies in Austria

Baden-Wiener Neustadt, Bregenz, Eisenstadt, Graz, Innsbruck, Klagenfurt, Klosterneuburg, Linz, Salzburg, Salzkammergut, St. Pölten, Vienna

Commanderies in Switzerland

Basel-Tierstein, Bern, Churrätien, Solothurn, St. Gallen, Waldstätte, Zurich, Geneva, Friborg-Neuchâtel-Jura, Wallis and Svizzera Italiana

Lieutenancies (selection)

German Lieutenancy

A German religious province was constituted in Cologne on December 8, 1933, after a governor had been appointed in the summer of 1932. In 1950 the order was reconstituted in Germany as the German Lieutenancy .

Lieutenant of the German Lieutenancy

• 1932–1958: Franz zu Salm-Reifferscheidt-Dyck (1899–1958), entrepreneur
• 1958–1965: Friedrich August von der Heydte (1907–1994), officer, constitutional law teacher and politician
• 1965–1966: Lorenz Höcker (1910–1983), labor and social law specialist
• 1966–1968: Wilhelm Cleven (1893–1983), auxiliary bishop in Cologne (governor ad interim)
• 1968–1971: Alois Hundhammer (1900–1974), Minister of State and President of the State Parliament
• 1971–1985: Hermann Josef Abs (1901–1994), CEO of Deutsche Bank AG
• 1985–1991: Johannes Binkowski (1908–1996), journalist, publicist and newspaper publisher
• 1991–1999: Peter Heidinger (* 1927), engineer and energy manager, since 2000 honorary governor
• 1999–2007: Paul Theodor Oldenkott (* 1934), neurosurgeon, since 2009 honorary governor
• 2007–2015: Heinrich Dickmann (* 1941), insurance manager, honorary governor since 2015
• 2015–2019: Detlef Brümmer (* 1938), lawyer
• since February 2019: Michael Schnieders (* 1967), presiding judge at the OVG Münster

Grand Prior of the German Lieutenancy

• 1933–1944: Joseph Hammels (1868–1944), auxiliary bishop in Cologne
• 1944–1950: Wilhelm Cleven (1893–1983), auxiliary bishop in Cologne (prior ad interim)
• 1950–1975: Lorenz Cardinal Jaeger (1892–1975), Archbishop of Paderborn
• 1975–1991: Cardinal Franz Hengsbach (1910–1991), Bishop of Essen
• 1991–2006: Anton Schlembach (1932–2020), Bishop of Speyer
• since 2006: Reinhard Cardinal Marx (* 1953), Archbishop of Munich and Freising

Chancellor of the German Lieutenancy

• 1933–1935: Joseph Schroeder (1880–1935)
• 1936–1959: Gustav Meinertz (1873–1959), prelate
• 1959–1971: Bruno Pauls (1890–1983)
• 1962–1967: In accordance with the statutes of the Order, the governor took over the office
• 1967, 1968–1970: Lorenz Höcker (1910–1983), lawyer
• 1970–1971: Rudolf Hoenicke (1906–1971), industrial manager
• 1971: Ernst H. Plesser (1920–1996), bank manager
• 1971–1981: Viktor Achter (1905–1981), lawyer, university professor, entrepreneur
• 1981–1991: Franz Josef Fieger (* 1921), businessman
• 1991–1995: Hubert Rohde (1929–2019), educator and cultural politician
• 1995–1998: Paul Theodor Oldenkott (* 1934), physician
• 1999–2007: Detlef Brümmer (* 1938), lawyer and entrepreneur
• 2007–2013: Winfried Hinzen (* 1965), bank manager
• 2013–2015: Karl Gertler (* 1949), administrative lawyer
• 2015–2019: Ricarda Schulze Dieckhoff (* 1961), architect
• since 2019: Ferdinand Giese, Managing Director

Austrian Lieutenancy

After the appointment of Gustav Graf Sizzo de Noris as governor in Austria by the Latin Patriarch Barlassina in 1933, the framework for a separate Austrian religious province was created. In 1951 the order was reconstituted in Austria as the Austrian Lieutenancy .

Governor of the Austrian Lieutenancy

• 1933–1943: Gustav Heinrich Maria Graf Sizzo de Noris (1873–1943), diplomat
• 1943–1949: Heinrich Höfflinger (1882–1963), officer, banker, publicist
• 1954–1961: Erwin Domanig (1898–1985), primary physician
• 1963–1967: Konrad Königswieser (1903–1967), businessman
• 1967–1990: Julius Schuster (1921–1995), lawyer
• 1990–1992: Kurt Stögerer (1923–1992), architect
• 1992–2000: Otto Kaspar (* 1936), manager
• 2000–2008: Edwin Gräupl (* 1941), educator
• 2008–2016: Karl Lengheimer (* 1946), administrative lawyer
• since 2017: Andreas Leiner (* 1958), doctor

Grand Prior of the Austrian Lieutenancy

• 1933–1940: Franz Hlawati (1868–1940), Apostolic Protonotary
• 1940–1950: Hugo Presch OCist (1865–1950), acting
• 1954–1967: Andreas Rohracher (1892–1976), Archbishop of Salzburg
• 1967–1983: Jakob Weinbacher (1901–1985), auxiliary bishop in Vienna
• 1983–1990: Gebhard Koberger (1909–1997), provost of Klosterneuburg
• 1990–1996: Alois Stöger (1921–1998), Abbot of Wilten
• 1996–2008: Maximilian Fürnsinn (* 1940), provost of Herzogenburg
• 2008–2017: Alois Kothgasser (* 1937), retired Archbishop of Salzburg
• since 2017: Raimund Schreier OPraem (* 1952), Abbot of Wilten

Chancellor of the Austrian Lieutenancy

• 1943–1951: Alexander Rippel (1884–1976), acting
• 1954–1970: Karl Maria Stepan (1894–1972), governor
• 1970–1972: Fritz Schweitzer, physician
• 1972–1984: Fritz Bock (1911–1993), Vice Chancellor
• 1984–1990: Peter Wagner (* 1936), Commercial Councilor
• 1990–1992: Franz Eckert (1931–2017), business lawyer
• 1992–2000: Felix Vetter von der Lilie († 2016), notary
• 2000–2013: Alexander Kragora (* 1947), lawyer
• 2013–2016: Andreas Leiner (* 1958), doctor
• since 2017: Inge Sigl (* 1962)

Swiss Lieutenancy

The Swiss Lieutenancy was constituted on April 12, 1950.

Governor of the Swiss Lieutenancy

• 1950–1967: Hans Schnyder von Wartensee (1895–1987), lawyer and officer in the Pontifical Swiss Guard
• 1967–1969: Josef Schmidlin, bookseller
• 1969–1973: Marcel Krügel (1893–1973), entrepreneur, military and politician
• 1973–1981: Waldo Riva (1905–1987), lawyer, military and politician
• 1981–1990: André Braun-Wein, patent attorney
• 1990–2002: Werner O. Ciocarelli (1925–2020), manager and politician
• 2002–2010: Giorgio Moroni Stampa (* 1948), lawyer
• 2010–2018: Jean-Pierre de Glutz (* 1946), bank manager
• since 2018: Donata Maria Krethlow- Benziger (* 1971), historian

Grand Prior of the Swiss Lieutenancy

• 1947–1950: Albert Oesch (1897–1962), clergyman
• 1950–1957: Josephus Meile (1891–1957), Bishop of St. Gallen
• 1957–1962: Angelo Jelmini (1893–1968), Bishop of Lugano
• 1962–1977: Louis-Séverin Haller (1895–1987), Abbot of Saint-Maurice
• 1977–1994: Johannes Vonderach (1916–1994), Bishop of Chur
• 1994: Bruno Bernhard Heim (1911–2003), archbishop and diplomat
• 1994–1995: Eugenio Corecco (1931–1995), Bishop of Lugano
• 1996–2007: Henri Cardinal Schwery (* 1932), Bishop of Sitten
• 2007-2018: Pier Giacomo Grampa (* 1936), em. Bishop of Lugano
• since 2018: Charles Morerod OP (* 1962), Bishop of Lausanne, Geneva and Friborg

Polish Lieutenancy

The Polish Lieutenancy was constituted on December 8, 1995; the foundation ceremony took place on March 24th and 25th, 1996 in Warsaw.

Governor of the Polish Lieutenancy

• 1996–2008: Jerzy Wojtczak-Szyszkowski (* 1939), classical philologist
• 2008–2016: Karol B. Szlenkier (* 1951), entrepreneur
• 2017: Piotr Małoszewski (1950–2017), geoscientist
• 2017: Józef Dąbrowski (* 1949), politician and former MP D.

Grand Prior of the Polish Lieutenancy

• 1996–2013: Cardinal Józef Glemp (1929–2013), Archbishop of Warsaw
• since 2013: Cardinal Kazimierz Nycz (* 1950), Archbishop of Warsaw

Swedish-Danish Lieutenancy

The Lieutenancy of Sweden was founded on November 21, 2003 and expanded with Denmark on January 11, 2017 to become a Swedish-Danish Lieutenancy.

Governor of the Swedish-Danish Lieutenancy

• 2003-2007: Bo Johnson Theutenberg
• 2007–2012: Carl Falk
• 2012–2017: Stefan Ahrenstedt
• since 2017: Tommy Thulin

Grand Prior of the Swedish-Danish Lieutenancy

• 2003–2007: Lars Cavallin , provost of Stockholm
• 2007–2016: Anders Arborelius OCD , Bishop of Stockholm
• since 2017: Czeslaw Kozon , Bishop of Copenhagen

Known members

A list of well-known religious and secular order members with their own Wikipedia entry can be found in the category: Person (Order of Knights of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem) and the category: Knight (Order of Knights of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem) .

literature

• F. Pasini Frassoni: Histoire de l'Ordre Militaire du Saint Sepulcher de Jérusalem . Collegio Araldica, Roma 1910.
• Johann Gildfriedrich, Walter Fränzel: Knight Grünembergs pilgrimage to the Holy Land 1486 . Voigtländer's source books 18, Leipzig 1912.
• Frederic Marquis Guigue de Champvans de Faremont: History and Legislation of the Knightly Orders of the Holy See . Paris 1932.
• Valmar Cramer: The order of knights of the Holy Grave from the Crusades to the present . 1st edition. JP Bachem, Cologne 1952.
• Pierre Medebielle SCJ: Gaza and its Christian history . Ed .: Governor for Austria Knightly Order of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem. 1982, p. 129 .
• Louis Carlen: The order of knights of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem . Universitätsverlag, 1990, p. 33 .
• Egmont R. Koch , Oliver Schröm : Mafia, P 2 and the knights . Die Zeit , March 25, 1994 ( [1] ).
• Egmont R. Koch, Oliver Schröm: The secret of the knights from the holy grave. The Fifth Column of the Vatican . Hoffmann and Campe, 1995, ISBN 3-455-11064-9 .
• Jean-Pierre de Gennes: Les Chevaliers du Saint-Sepulcre de Jérusalem . 2nd Edition. Herault, Paris 1995.
• Dieter Berg : Order of Knights from the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem . In: Walter Kasper (Ed.): Lexicon for Theology and Church (LThK) . 3. Edition. tape 4 . Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 1995, ISBN 3-451-22002-4 , Sp. 1323 .
• Kaspar Elm (ed.): Militia Sancti Sepulcri. Idea e instituzioni. Atti del Colloquio Internazionale tenuto presso la Pontifica Università del Laterano, 10–12 avrile 1996 . Città del Vaticano 1998.
• Order of Knights of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem: Prayer Book of the Knights of the Grave Miles Christi . Schnell and Steiner, Regensburg 1999, ISBN 3-7954-1199-8 .
• Peter Paul Pergler, Johann Stolzer: Deus Lo Vult. The Order of Knights of the Holy Tomb in Jerusalem . Austria-Medien-Service, Graz 2000, ISBN 3-85333-064-9 .
• Heinrich Dickmann, Paul Theodor Oldenkott (ed.): Heritage and task: The order of knights of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem . Bonifatius, Paderborn 2009, ISBN 978-3-89710-461-7 , p. 386 .
• Hans Jürgen Brandt: Jerusalem has friends - Munich and the Order of the Holy grave: Festgabe the golden jubilee of the Commandery Patrona Bavariae . Eos Verlag, 2010, ISBN 978-3-8306-7407-8 , pp. 224 .
• Heinrich Schneider: The Knights of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem: Tradition and Presence of a Spiritual Community . Tyrolia, 2010, ISBN 978-3-7022-3099-9 , pp. 178 .
• Andrea Denke: Konrad Grünemberg's pilgrimage to the Holy Land 1486 . Böhlau, Cologne / Weimar / Vienna 2011, ISBN 978-3-412-20608-6 . Jan Ulrich Büttner: Review on: sehepunkte.de
• Michael F. Feldkamp : Between Courtly Society and Devotio moderna The Knights of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem in the Early Modern Age . In: Reimund Haas (Ed.): Fiat voluntas tua. Theologian and historian - priest and professor. Festschrift for Harm Klueting's 65th birthday on March 23, 2014 . Aschendorff, Münster 2014, ISBN 978-3-402-13057-5 , p. 197–207 ( peter-paul-kirche.de [PDF]).
• Michael F. Feldkamp : From the Jerusalem pilgrim to the grave knight. History of the Order of Knights of the Holy Sepulcher (= Propylaea of ​​the Christian Occident, Volume 1). Heimbach / Eifel 2016, ISBN 978-3-86417-055-3 .
• Barbara Vosberg: German Catholics and the Holy Land, as reflected in the publications of the German Association of the Holy Land and the German Lieutenancy of the Knightly Order of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem 1855-1970 , Aschendorff, Münster 2019, ISBN 978-3-402-13414-6 .

TV documentary

• The secret of the grave knight. Behind the scenes of a Catholic order. Film by Egmont Koch and Oliver Schröm, WDR 1994, broadcast March 24, 1994 on ARD

Web links

Commons : Order of Knights of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Official website of the Order of the Knights of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem (Vatican)
• Order of Knights of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem, Germany
• Order of Knights of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem, Austria
• Order of Knights of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem, Switzerland
• "Annales 2014 - Ordo Equestris Sancti Sepulcri Hierosolymitani" (Annual Report 2014)
• John Paul Sonnenon: "Official Rome Church of the Knights and Dames of the Order of the Holy Sepulcher: Sant'Onofrio on the Janiculum" (Liturgical Arts Journal 6/2020)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h} Statute of the Order of Knights of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem (in the version approved by Pope Paul VI on July 19, 1977 )
2. ^ Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulcher of Jerusalem. In: vatican.va. Retrieved September 28, 2019 . 
3. ↑ Vatican warns of non-recognized orders of knights. Catholic Media Center Switzerland / Catholic International Press Agency kipa / apic, October 16, 2012, accessed on September 28, 2019 . 
4. ^ Precisazione della Segreteria di Stato in merito agli Ordini Equestri. In: Bolletino sala stampa della Santa Sede. October 16, 2012, accessed September 28, 2019 (Italian). 
5. ↑ ^{a b} Statute of the Order of the Knights of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem (in the version approved by Pope Paul VI on July 19, 1977), here: Appendix I.
6. ^ Eduard Mühle: Monarchical and noble sacral foundations in medieval Poland. Walter de Gruyter 2013, p. 320 f.
7. ↑ Alain Demurger: The Knights of the Lord: History of the spiritual orders of knights. CH Beck 2013, p. 39 f.
8. ↑ ^{a b} Ordine del Santo Sepolcro di Gerusalemme. In: vatican.va. Retrieved September 28, 2019 (Italian). 
9. ↑ Dieter Berg : Order of Knights of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem. In: Walter Kasper (Ed.): Lexicon for Theology and Church (LThK). 3. Edition. Volume 4. Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 1995, ISBN 3-451-22002-4 , Sp. 1323.
10. ↑ ^{a b c} H. Schulze: Chronicle of all known knight orders and decorations, which are awarded by sovereigns and governments, including images of the decorations. Moeser 1855, p. 566 f.
11. ↑ General encyclopedia of the sciences and arts in alphabetical order of the mentioned scripts edited and edited by JS Ed and JG Gruber, J. f. Gleditsch, 1828, p. 158 f.
12. ^ Theodor Wyder: Le Cardinal Henri Schwery: prêtre, évêque, cardinal - un quart de siècle d'Épiscopat. Editions Saint-Augustin 2002, p. 273 f.
13. ↑ Schools. In: Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem. Retrieved September 28, 2019 . 
14. ^ Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulcher of Jerusalem. The Order's Headquarters. In: vatican.va. Retrieved September 28, 2019 . 
15. ↑ ^{a b} Il Gran Magistero dell'Ordine , vatican.va, accessed on February 5, 2012.
16. ↑ An interview with Heinrich Dickmann (Order of the Knights of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem): Autumn Investiture 2012. In: Domradio . October 13, 2012, accessed September 28, 2019 . 
17. ↑ Investiture in the Munich Jesuit Church St. Michael, Order of the Knights of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem on YouTube , May 12, 2012, accessed on September 28, 2019.
18. ↑ The number of living collar knights and collar ladies is 13.
19. ↑ Palm of Jerusalem. Golden palm . Accessed July 31, 2019.
20. ↑ ^{a b} Peter Bander van Duren: The Cross on the Sword ( EN ) 1987, ISBN 978-0-905715-32-2 , p. 156.
21. ^ The Custody. In: custodia.org. Custodia Terrae Sanctae, accessed September 28, 2019 . 
22. ↑ Feasts of the Order. Gran Magistero dell'Ordine Equestre del Santo Sepolcro, accessed on September 28, 2019 . 
23. ↑ David Neuhaus: Our Lady, Queen of Palestine. In: oessh.va. Gran Magistero dell'Ordine Equestre del Santo Sepolcro, accessed on September 28, 2019 . 
24. ↑ On the history of the German Lieutenancy. In: oessh.net. Order of Knights of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem, accessed September 28, 2019 . 
25. ^ History of Austria. In: oessh.at. Order of Knights of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem, Lieutenancy Austria, accessed on September 28, 2019 . 
26. ↑ Björn Wirth: In God's name? In: Berliner Zeitung . March 26, 1994, Retrieved September 28, 2019 .