Prachatice

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Prachatice
Prachatice coat of arms
Prachatice (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Jihočeský kraj
District : Prachatice
Area : 3892 ha
Geographic location : 49 ° 1 ′  N , 14 ° 0 ′  E Coordinates: 49 ° 0 ′ 46 ″  N , 13 ° 59 ′ 51 ″  E
Height: 561  m nm
Residents : 10,874 (Jan 1, 2019)
Postal code : 383 01
License plate : C.
traffic
Street: Vodňany - Volary
Railway connection: Číčenice – Haidmühle
structure
Status: city
Districts: 12
administration
Mayor : Martin Malý (as of 2018)
Address: Velké náměstí 3
383 01 Prachatice
Municipality number: 550094
Website : www.prachatice.cz
Location of Prachatice in the Prachatice district
map

Prachatice (German Prachatitz ) is a Czech city. It is located in Jihočeský kraj (South Bohemian Region) and has 10,874 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2019). In the past Prachatitz was an important place on the Goldener Steig , an old trade route from Passau to Prague .

geography

Prachatice is located at the northern foot of the Libín in the Bohemian Forest foothills . The brook Fefrovský potok flows through the town, which flows into the Živný potok on the eastern outskirts . To the north rise the Šibeniční vrch (681 m) and the Výrovčice (708 m), in the northeast the Kobylí hora (767 m), to the east the Zdenice (758 m) and the Na Vrších (777 m), in the south the Na Vyhlídce ( 828 m), the Libín (1093 m) and the Černá hora (897 m), southwest of the Volovický vrch (961 m), in the west of the Dubový vrch (760 m) and in the northwest of the Výrovec (686 m). The Husinec dam is located north of the city in the Blanice Valley . The state road II / 141 between Vodňany and Volary leads through Prachatice , from which the II / 143 branches off to Budweis in the city . The Číčenice – Haidmühle railway runs on the eastern edge of the city .

Neighboring towns are Stare Prachatice, Nove Mesto and Ostrov in the north, Slepý Mlýn, Městská Lhotka, Bernatu, Žernovice , Hořejší Chalupy and Dolejší Chalupy in the Northeast, Dvůr u Lípy, Kroupův Dvůr, Irův Dvůr, Zdenice and Nebahovy the east, Strachotínský Dvůr, Kandlův Mlyn, Jelemek, Stary Bolech and Velišův Mlyn in the southeast, Lázně svaté Markéty , Libínské Sedlo and Perlovice in the south, Volovice and Křeplice in the southwest, Cvrčkov, Stádla, Podolí and Kahov the west and Oseky, Podedvorský Mlyn, Dvory and Horouty in the northwest.

City structure

The city of Prachatice consists of the districts Kahov (Kahau) , Libínské Sedlo (Pfefferschlag) , Městská Lhotka (Städtische Oed) , Oseky (Wosek) , Ostrov (Wostrow) , Perlovice (Perletschlag) , Podolí (Podoly) , Prachatice I ( Prachatitz ) , Prachatice II ( Prachatitz-Vorstadt ), Stádla (Stadlern) , Staré Prachatice (Alt Prachatitz) and Volovice (Wolletschlag) .

The basic settlement units are Kahov, Lázně svaté Markéty ( St. Margarethenbad ), Libínské Sedlo, Libínský les, Městská Lhotka, Nové sídliště, Oseky, Ostrov, Perlovice, Pod Cvrčkovem, Pod Černou horou, Pod ládenic, Premi, Podzolí sti, Podzolí sti Probošt ( Probost ), Průmyslový obvod-jih, Průmyslový obvod-sever, Sídliště, Skalka, Stádla, Staré Prachatice, Šibeniční vrch, U kasáren, U nemocnice, U trati, Volovice and Výrovec. Prachatice also includes the layers of Cvrčkov ( Grilling ), Kamýk ( Wildberg ), Křeplice ( Crepe ), Třemšín ( Hummelberg ), Sedlmín ( Zedlmin ), Velišův Mlýn ( Wallischmühle ) and Vojtášek.

The municipality is divided into the cadastral districts of Kahov, Libínské Sedlo, Oseky, Perlovice, Prachatice, Stádla, Staré Prachatice and Volovice.

Neighboring communities

Dvory u Lažišť Husinec and Netolic Těšovice u Prachatic
Zábrdí Neighboring communities Žernovice , Nebahovy
Záblatí u Prachatic Zbytiny Chroboly

history

According to legend , the first Christian church was consecrated in Prachatitz at the end of the 10th century by St. Adalbert , Bishop of Prague , under the sovereignty of the provosts of Vyšehrad monastery in the emerging settlement near the stacking place.

The first written evidence for the place is the document "O cestě z Pasova do Čech" ("On the way from Passau to Bohemia") written in 1010 by King Heinrich II. The first historical evidence of the name Prachatitz comes from 1088 when King Vratislav II gave the Vyšehrad Cathedral Chapter the unfortified site and all of its income from the salt trade. The place known as Pragaticih is occupied as a storage place for trade goods and was outside of today's city. Most of the time, this place is identified with today's Alt Prachatitz district. The first person known by name is the Passau-based judge Ott von Brachadicz , who was named as a witness in a Niedernburg sales deed on June 28, 1285.

The founders of the new town of Prachatice are considered to be the Lords of Witiejitz, who sat in the Osule Castle near Vitějovice and acted on behalf of the Vyšehrad provosts. A certain Werner von Witiejitz began to build the new town in the basin between Alt-Prachatice and Libín. In a document dated June 22, 1312 Werner and (literally) "his citizens" promised the Niedernburg monastery as the owner of the road toll on the Passau side to protect all merchants on the road between Prachatice and Passau. Soon after, Prachatice was called a market. On October 29, 1323 King John of Bohemia granted the magistrate of the economically flourishing market the right to use the income from the tolls on the salt road for their own purposes in return for a permanent payment to the provosts of Vyšehrad (a kind of lease) . While Prachatice was still referred to as an oppidum in 1323, city ​​councils ( cives civitates ) appeared in 1359 , making Prachatice a city at that time.

The increasing wealth of the city was due to the fact that King Wenceslaus IV granted it the right to stock the salt imported into Bohemia in 1382 . At that time, Prachatice was the only town where other Bohemian towns were allowed to buy Bavarian salt. Prachatitz got a special cultural role among the leading cities in South Bohemia with the establishment of a Latin school. Although the Czech reformer Jan Hus , temporarily rector of the Charles University in Prague , graduated from this Latin school, the merchants and councilors of the city of Prachatitz refused to allow the city to follow his doctrine of the faith and held on to the Roman Catholic creed.

Hussite Wars

On April 25, 1420, the Hussites under their military leader Jan Žižka conquered the walled town of Prachatitz for the first time. The expelled Catholics gradually returned to the half-destroyed city and began a tough counter-reformation of those of different faiths. Two or three Hussites, including the cleric and church bell ringer Andreas von Wyrow, were burned in the city and their property was confiscated. The coup in Prachatice meant a strategic and economic weakening for the Hussites. Jan Smil von Křemže, the new lord of Hus Castle, then signed an alliance agreement with the Hussite Pisek , but the military attack was waiting for Jan Žižka, who defeated the coalition around Ulrich II von Rosenberg on October 12th October devastated the Goldenkron monastery . On November 12, 1420, Žižka and his army came to Prachatice, and one of Žižka's cruelest genocides followed. As Magister Laurenz von Brezowa reports in the Chronicle Historia Hussitica , around 85 male residents were locked up in the sacristy of the Jacob's Church and burned alive. 230 opposing defenders were slain with flails, Žižka saved only seven loyal Prachatitz citizens from death. Women and children were considered outlaws expelled from the city.

Heyday

In 1436 Prachatitz became a free Bohemian royal city for a short time . But it was pledged as early as 1437 by Emperor Sigismund to Jan Smil von Křemže and as a result again incorporated into the subject towns. In 1501 it fell to Wok II von Rosenberg and for a total of 100 years to the Rosenberg family (Lords of Rožmberk). During this time many new buildings were constructed and the salt trade reached its peak. In 1560, 48,398 runners of salt were transported via Prachatice , while Vimperk (Winterberg) only managed 20,328 and Kašperské Hory (Bergreichenstein) only 11,128 runners.

Decline

In 1601, Emperor Rudolf II bought the town from Peter Wok von Rosenberg , the last member of the Rosenbergs. In 1609 the emperor raised Prachtitz to the status of a royal city, but shifted most of the profitable salt trade to the Linzer Steig . In the Thirty Years War the city lost its privileges and was plundered several times, but the actual decline began in 1692 with the introduction of the imperial salt monopoly. After 1706, when the imperial salt from Gmunden, Austria , had completely displaced Bavarian salt and the camp was relocated from Prachatice to Český Krumlov , the Goldene Steig and with it Prachatice lost their previous importance. From 1719 the city belonged to the princes of Schwarzenberg , who added Prachatitz to their allodial rule Wallern and who owned the city until 1848. The houses on the market and most of the alleys were decorated with paintings, coats of arms and mottos. 80 houses were destroyed in the city fire on April 13, 1832. After the reconstruction, the medieval decorations were dispensed with, so that these were only preserved on the town hall and two other houses.

Modern times

New town hall in Prachatitz

In 1839 the protective and municipal town of Prachatitz / Prachatice consisted of a total of 327 houses with 2591 predominantly German-speaking residents. It was divided into the city and the suburb to the north, which were only separated by the old curtain walls. 1319 people lived in the 162 houses in the suburb, the city consisted of 165 houses with 1272 inhabitants. The Dechanteikirche of St. Jakobus the Elder, under the patronage of the municipality, the three-class German school with a grammar school preparatory class. There was also a stately office in the city, the city hall, two barracks and a hospital. The lordship still owned a brewery in the suburbs and a mill. The municipality included the villages of Altprachatitz ( Staré Prachatice ), Wostrow ( Ostrov ), Lhotka ( Městská Lhotka ), twelve houses in the village of Klistau ( Chlístov ), the one-layer Zirkengast near Albrechtschlag ( Albrechtovice ) and nine mills, two board saws, a brewery, the Bath house on Libin and 1760 Joch Wald am Libin and Zdenice. The inhabitants lived mainly from agriculture, cattle breeding and the distillery. The pearl brandy, known as Prachatitzer , was sold throughout Bohemia and Austria, and there were 138 distillers in the city. There were also 173 other businesses, including 17 beer tellers, 14 bakers and shoemakers, 13 butchers and ten millers and ten grocers. The city had privileges on three annual markets and weekly markets for grain and cattle as well as two large weekly markets. Almost 200 sellers came to the annual markets; The weekly markets were also important, as the inhabitants of the Bohemian Forest used them to buy grain and victuals. Until the middle of the 19th century, Prachatitz was the official seat of the allodial rule Wallern.

After the abolition of patrimonial Prachatitz became the seat of a district court in 1849 and formed a municipality in the judicial district of Prachatitz . From 1868 the city was the administrative seat of the Prachatitz district . During the 19th century, textile and food industries developed in the area. From the end of the 19th century, Prachatitz, with the prosperous St. Margarethenbad, also gained a certain importance as a Kneipp spa. In 1893 the city got a railway connection with the opening of the Wodňan-Prachatitz railway line; six years later the railway line was extended to Wallern and finally to Haidmühle in 1910 . Until the beginning of the 20th century, the population of Prachatitz consisted mainly of German Bohemia . In 1900 Prachatitz out of 4,333 residents, 3,334 German (76.9%) and 941 Czech (21.7%) speaking. The city was right on the German-Czech language border. The places north, west and east of the city were predominantly Czech-speaking. After the establishment of Czechoslovakia in 1918, the population changed. In 1930 Prachatitz had 4,745 inhabitants, including 2,368 Germans and 2,283 Czechs. In October 1938, the city was added to the German Reich as a result of the Munich Agreement . To the north of Prachatitz, the border with the “rest of Czech Republic” ran along the Flanitz . In 1939 there were 4442 people in the city. The district of Prachatitz was connected to the administrative regions of Lower Bavaria and Upper Palatinate . After the end of World War II , the city came back to Czechoslovakia. The German-Bohemian population was largely expelled in 1946 due to the Beneš decrees . The Böhmerwaldheimatkreis Prachatitz eV, based in Ingolstadt , has held annual home meetings (mostly in Bavaria ) since then. In 1961, Oseky (with Kahov, Podolí, Stádla, Třemšín and Volovice) and Staré Prachatice (with Městská Lhotka and Ostrov) were incorporated. Libínské Sedlo (with Perlovice) was incorporated in 1971. Kahov, Oseky and Podolí broke away on November 24, 1990 and formed the Oseky community, which was rejoined to the city of Prachatice on December 14, 1993.

Population development

census Residents

total

nationality
year German Czechs Other
1900 4,333 3,334 941 31
1930 4,745 2,358 2,283 -
1939 4,442 - - -

politics

Town twinning

Prachatice has partnerships with the following cities and municipalities:

Mayor of Prachatice

List of mayors since 1850:

  • 1850–1856: Franz Hellebrand
  • 1856–1861: Anastas Seyffert
  • 1861–1891: Ernst Mayer
  • 1891–1907: Johann Zdiarsky
  • 1907–1912: Wenzl Jungbauer
  • 1912–1920: Eustach Fuchs
  • 1920–1922: Jan Pluhař
  • 1922–1927: Karl Messner
  • 1927–1933: Karl Pechtl
  • 1933: Václav Skalička
  • 1935–1938: Otto Chadraba
  • 1938–1945: Franz Watzlawick
  • 1945: Václav Pilát
  • 1945–1946: Theodor Vlk
  • 1946–1949: Jan Fried
  • 1949–1950: Theodor Vlk
  • 1950–1960: Václav Pícha
  • 1960–1970: František Kučera
  • 1970–1975: Josef Jarošík
  • 1975–1983: Jan Houška
  • 1983–1989: Miroslav Rypáček
  • 1989–1992: Zdeněk Černý
  • 1992–1998: Miroslav Bojanovský
  • 1998–2010: Jan Bauer
  • 2010 – today: Martin Malý

Economy and Infrastructure

Prachatice has been on the Číčenice – Haidmühle railway since 1893 , which has been served by GW Train Regio since December 2017 .

Attractions

Theaters and museums

List of cultural institutions:

  • City Theater ( Městské divadlo ), Velké náměstí 2
  • City Museum ( Prachatické muzeum ), Velké náměstí 13 and Zlatá stezka 245
  • Puppet and Circus Museum ( Muzeum české loutky a cirkusu ), Velké náměstí 43

Buildings

The historic city center was declared an urban monument reserve in 1981 .

List of individual structures:

  • Attractions

  • Lower Gate or Piseker Gate

  • Old Town Hall

  • new town hall

  • St. James

  • School of Literature

  • Hus house

  • Rumpal house

  • Princely house with sgraffito

Natural monuments

Regular events

At the end of June, the two-day festival of the Golden Steige ( Slavnosti solné Zlaté stezky ) takes place.

Personalities

Personalities born in Prachatice
The following people from Prachatitz are pictured on the New Town Hall (1902)
Other people related to Prachatice

literature

  • Homeland Prachatice (Ed.): Border town Prachatice. Verlag Heimatkreis Prachatitz, Friedberg near Augsburg 1986 ( table of contents, PDF on d-nb.info).
  • Lillian Schacherl: Bohemia - cultural image of a landscape. Prestel-Verlag, Munich 1966, OCLC 10508066 , pp. 156-162: Prachatitz, the salis emporium.
  • Johanna von Herzogenberg : Between Danube and Moldau - Bavarian Forest and Bohemian Forest. The Mühlviertel and South Bohemia. Prestel-Verlag, Munich 1968, DNB 456973125 , pp. 122, 145-152, 331: Prachatitz (Prachatice).

Web links

Commons : Prachatice  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Pragaticz in the Topographia Bohemiae, Moraviae et Silesiae  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/550094/Prachatice
  2. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 0.8 MiB)
  3. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/casti-obce-obec/550094/Obec-Prachatice
  4. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/zsj-obec/550094/Obec-Prachatice
  5. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi-obec/550094/Obec-Prachatice
  6. ↑ a b c The history of the city - early days on visitprachatice.cz.
  7. ^ Border town of Prachatice 1986, pp. 16 and 32.
  8. ↑ a b border town Prachatice 1986, p. 37.
  9. ↑ a b border town Prachatice 1986, p. 38.
  10. ↑ 15. století - Husitské války on prachatice.eu (Czech).
  11. ^ František Palacký : History of Bohemia. Seventh book. The Hussite War. From 1419-1431. Prague 1845, p. 170, Google E-book .
  12. ↑ a b c Jiří Jánský: Kronika česko-bavorské hranice I. (1400–1426) Od války Václava IV. S Ruprechtem Falckým k pocátkum husitské ofenzivy. Chronicle of the Bohemian-Bavarian border part I. (1400–1426) From the war of King Wenceslas with Ruprecht von der Pfalz to the beginnings of the Hussite offensive (= West Bohemia - Historical Guide No. 7. ) Cesky les Domazlice, Domažlice 2001, p. 270-272 (Czech, German).
  13. ↑ a b c The history of the city - the golden age on visitprachatice.cz.
  14. ^ Michaela Klimešová: Jan Smil z Křemže. University of Karlova. Evangelická teologická fakulta, Prague 2005, p. 13 ( PDF ; Czech).
  15. ^ Border town of Prachatice 1986, p. 79.
  16. ↑ Historical trails in the Český Krumlov region . In: Online encyclopedia encyklopedie.ckrumlov.cz about Krummau .
  17. ↑ a b c d e f Johann Gottfried Sommer The Kingdom of Bohemia; Represented statistically and topographically. Eighth volume. Prachiner circle. JG Calve'sche Buchhandlung, Prague 1840, pp. 361–363 ( limited preview in Google book search).
  18. ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Prachatitz district (Czech. Prachatice). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  19. ↑ KK Central Statistical Commission: Community encyclopedia of the kingdoms and countries represented in the Imperial Council. Edited on the basis of the results of the census of December 31, 1900. Volume IX Bohemia. Vienna 1904, p. 654.
  20. ^ Rudolf Hemmerle : Sudetenland. Signpost through an unforgettable country. Flechsig, 2002, p. 316.
  21. ↑ Starostové města (German mayor of the city ). In: prachatice.eu , accessed October 30, 2019 (Czech).
  22. ↑ Cultural institutions on prachatice.eu.
  23. ↑ Prachatitz Museum on prachatickemuzeum.cz (partly in German).
  24. ↑ Prachatice  in the monument catalog pamatkovykatalog.cz (Czech).
  25. ↑ Monuments and sights on prachatice.eu.
  26. ↑ Slavnosti solné Zlaté stezky. Annual festival website (Czech).
  27. ^ Johannes Jetschgo: South Bohemia, nature and art guide. Landesverlag, Linz 1995, ISBN 3-85214-638-0 , p. 112.