Frankfurt-Höchst
  36th district of Frankfurt am Main |
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| Coordinates | 50 ° 5 '56 " N , 8 ° 32' 48" E |
| surface | 4.597 km² |
| Residents | 15,897 (Dec. 31, 2019) |
| Population density | 3458 inhabitants / km² |
| Post Code | 65929 |
| prefix | 069 |
| Website | www.frankfurt.de |
| structure | |
| District | 6 - West |
| Townships |
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| Transport links | |
| Regional and S-Bahn | 4 9 10 11 12 14 20 21 22 S1 S2 |
| tram | 11 |
| bus | 50 51 53 54 55 58 59 253 804 n1 n7 n8 n82 |
| Source: Statistics currently 03/2020. Residents with main residence in Frankfurt am Main. Retrieved April 8, 2020 . | |
Höchst (formerly Höchst am Main ) is a district of Frankfurt am Main with 15,897 inhabitants. It is located about 8.2 km west of the Hauptwache at the confluence of the Nidda and the Main .
In contrast to most other parts of the city, Höchst was an old town with town charter since 1355 and is still the most important urban sub-center in the west of Frankfurt. In 1928 Höchst was incorporated into Frankfurt. Until 1987 Höchst was the administrative seat of its own district , which has been called Main-Taunus-Kreis since 1928 . Maximum is the center of the local district Frankfurt-West to 120,000 people.
The name Höchst became known worldwide through Hoechst AG (1863-1999). With an interruption of 27 years between 1925 and 1952, Höchst was the headquarters of the chemical and pharmaceutical company. Its former main plant is now the Höchst industrial park, one of the largest industrial locations in Germany.
The most important architectural monument in Höchst is the Carolingian Justinuskirche , which dates largely from the 9th century. The well-preserved old town of Höchst has been a listed building since 1972 . Most of the half-timbered houses on a medieval town plan date from the time after the great town fire of 1586 .
location
Höchst is located in the west of the Frankfurt city area on a hill on the right bank of the Main at 100 m above sea level. NN . At the level of the mouth of the Niddam, the river describes an arc to the north, on the outer side of which lies the Höchst old town. The steep bank slopes down about ten meters to the Main. Höchst borders the districts of Sindlingen , Zeilsheim , Unterliederbach , Sossenheim and Nied , all on the northern bank of the Main. Neighbors south of the Main are Frankfurt-Schwanheim and the city of Kelsterbach . To the north, the terrain rises gently towards Unterliederbach, beyond the urban area it merges into the foothills of the Vordertaunus . Towards Nied, the topography drops significantly to the east to the ten meters lower level of the Main. In the west to Zeilsheim and Sindlingen, the terrain level remains unchanged on average.
District structure
The Höchst district includes the former Höchst urban area before the incorporations of Unterliederbach, Sindlingen and Zeilsheim in 1917. The Höchst district is divided into the old town , the new town , the inner city and the west end , the upper field and the lower field .
The Höchst old town lies between Königsteiner Straße in the east, Leverkuser Straße in the west, Melchiorstraße in the north and the Main in the south. It forms the core of the historic town of Höchst with the Höchst Castle , Justinuskirche and the historic buildings along the old Höchst main street , which has been called Bolongarostraße since 1928 . The structure of the old town has remained almost unchanged since the early modern period, as a comparison of old and new city maps shows.
In 1768, the Höchster Neustadt was founded east of the old town as a city extension. It extends east of Königsteiner Strasse in the direction of Nied. Formative buildings are the Bolongaropalast and the former district house of the Main-Taunus-Kreis on Bolongarostrasse. The site was only developed on a larger scale with the increase in Höchsts since the second half of the 19th century.
The Höchst city center and the Westend have been developed since the early days . The area lies to the west and north of the old town between Unterliederbach and the Höchster Unterfeld. It is bordered to the north by the railway line with the Höchst station . The development of the Westend is characterized by residential buildings from the Wilhelminian era and Art Nouveau .
The Unterfeld extends in the west of the district towards Sindlingen. The site of Hoechst AG, today the Höchst Industrial Park , was built in the 1860s on the site that was originally used for agriculture . It occupies around half of the Höchst district.
The Höchst City Park was built in Oberfeld in 1908 . The structural development of the area between Königsteiner Strasse in the east and the route of the Taunus Railway in the south began in the 1920s. The Höchst Hospital was built here , and the French occupation troops built barracks and houses. The barracks were taken over by the American occupation forces after the Second World War and converted into living space after their withdrawal in 1992.
history
Höchst was created at the crossroads of prehistoric traffic routes. Immediately after the confluence of the Nidda into the Main, two rivers that were navigable at the time, a slope edge pushes itself almost to the river bank. The plateau is flood-proof and easy to defend. At the foot of the slope a ford led through the Main, at the top ran a pre-Roman old road , the Antsanvia or Hohe Straße , a forerunner of the later Elisabethenstraße , to the Taunus the Linien- or Lindenweg , from which the Weinstraße branched off into the Wetterau.
A settlement of the high plateau above the Main can be proven since the Neolithic Age . In Roman times , a Roman fort was built around the turn of the times . Around 260, the Romans gave up the areas on the right bank of the Rhine in this region and the settlement fell into desolation. There is no evidence of continuous settlement after the Roman withdrawal. Indications of a settlement of the plateau above the Nidda estuary only exist again from the 8th century. In 790 the Franconian village of Hostat (high place) was mentioned in the Lorsch Codex for the first time. Around 830, a few decades after it was first mentioned, the largely preserved Justinuskirche was built, one of the oldest churches in Germany. The village subsequently developed west of the Justinuskirche on both sides of the old main road. For 1000 years Höchst belonged to Kurmainz , the territory of the Archbishop of Mainz . The Mainz wheel in the coat of arms of the district commemorates this.
To collect tariffs on the Main, the Mainz rulers built a customs castle in Höchst . The village slowly began to develop around the castle. In 1355 Emperor Charles IV granted the village of Hoisten (Höchst) town rights . In another document, in 1356, Charles IV affirmed the town's elevation and granted the young town market rights . The reasons for the city elevation were the power struggle between Mainz and Frankfurt and the elevation of the highest Mainz toll. The duties raised in Höchst were an important source of income for the financially weak Mainz state. Since the trading city of Frankfurt saw its most important lifeline threatened by the Mainzoll, the Frankfurters destroyed the city and Höchst Castle in 1396, but they were rebuilt soon afterwards. In the 15th century the city was expanded twice.
Half of the city was destroyed in the great city fire in 1586. In the Thirty Years' War and the maximum was affected. In the battle of Höchst on June 20, 1622, the imperial troops led by Johann T'Serclaes von Tilly defeated the Braunschweiger. In 1631 the Swedes occupied the city under Gustav II Adolf ; In 1635 it was occupied by Bernhard von Weimar , and the Gothic castle was destroyed.
Trade flourished in Höchst am Main in the 18th century. In 1746 the Höchst Porcelain Manufactory was founded , which was in operation until 1796. The Italian trading family Bolongaro set up a trading office in 1771 and had the Bolongaro Palace built. In 1768, by decree of Elector Emmerich Josef, the Höchst New Town was founded east of the old town.
In 1803 Höchst became part of the Duchy of Nassau as part of the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss . In 1839 Höchst was connected to one of the first German railways, the Taunusbahn . The company Theerfarbenfabrik Meister, Lucius & Co. was founded in Höchst in 1863 ; it grew under the name of Farbwerke Höchst and later as Hoechst AG to become one of the largest chemical groups in Germany. As a result of the German War , Höchst came to Prussia in 1866 with the previous Duchy of Nassau . In 1885 the city became the district town of the newly founded district of Höchst in the Prussian province of Hesse-Nassau . On April 1, 1917, the communities of Unterliederbach, Sindlingen and Zeilsheim were incorporated into the city.
After the First World War , Höchst was occupied by French troops from 1918 to 1930 . On April 1, 1928, the city of Höchst am Main became part of Frankfurt am Main, and the new Höchst districts were henceforth Frankfurt districts. The main reason for the incorporation was the merger of Hoechst AG with other large chemical companies to form IG Farben , which should have its headquarters in Frankfurt am Main. The Main-Taunus-Kreis was founded from the remaining communities in the Höchst district and other surrounding communities . Its district administration was in Höchst until 1987.
During the Second World War , the Höchst old town was only slightly damaged in the air raids on Frankfurt am Main . In air raids in 1940, four homes were destroyed, 13 people died there. In 1945 Höchst and Frankfurt were occupied by American troops . American Forces Network (AFN) established itself in the Höchst Castle and stayed there until 1963.
Some agreements from the 1928 Incorporation Treaty were only fulfilled at the beginning of the 1950s after protests by the Höchst Population. In 1957 the Höchst Castle Festival took place for the first time , a cultural highlight of the region. After parts of the Höchst old town had already been protected in 1959, the entire old town was placed under monument protection in 1972.
Höchst lost its status as the district town of the Main-Taunus-Kreis in 1980 through a resolution of the Hessian state parliament; In 1987 the district administration moved its headquarters to the new district town of Hofheim am Taunus . In addition to a continuous decline in population, there was also an economic downward trend in Höchst. The district has the reputation of an industrial district with poor quality of living and a problematic population structure. In order to counteract this, the city of Frankfurt has only taken individual funding measures since the beginning of the 1990s, and in 2006 a framework plan for funding and urban development in Höchst was decided.
coat of arms
Blazon : The Höchst coat of arms shows a silver wheel with six regularly arranged, ornate spokes on a red background. There is a nail at the end of each spoke on both the wheel rim and the hub. The nails are not included on earlier images of the coat of arms . Höchst was part of the dominion of the Archdiocese of Mainz for a good 1000 years between 790 and 1802. As with many places that belonged to Kurmainz , the Höchst coat of arms is also derived from the Mainz wheel .
population
Numerical development
Since the end of the 17th century, regular population figures have been known from Höchst. The city was badly affected by the Thirty Years' War, but caused only minor losses in the population. Höchst had 408 inhabitants in 1609 and 450 in 1668. After the Thirty Years War brought about an economic decline for Höchst too, the number of inhabitants rose slowly from 537 in the 18th century through the economic boom of trade and handicrafts Year 1700 to 816 99 years later.
Only after the end of the Napoleonic Wars did a stronger economic upswing set in, so that in the Nassau period between 1818 and 1866 the population grew from 1,617 to 3,200. With the foundation and the economic rise of the later Farbwerke Höchst, the population jumped from 6,517 in 1885 to over 14,000 in 1905.
In 1914 the core town of Höchst had a good 17,000 inhabitants. As a result of the incorporation of Unterliederbach, Sindlingen and Zeilsheim into Höchst, the number of inhabitants of the new town of Groß-Höchst rose suddenly to 32,000. In 1950 Höchst had 20,000 inhabitants due to the influx of war refugees. The number sank slowly in the following years to a good 11,800 in 1981. The Frankfurt Statistical Yearbook reports 12,000 inhabitants for the year 2000, by December 31, 2004 the number rose slightly to a good 13,100. At the end of 2006 there were 13,500 people in Höchst, two years later there were 13,800 inhabitants.
Population structure
At the end of 2005, the Frankfurt Statistical Yearbook shows Höchst 13,093 residents, of whom 12,881 had their main residence there. 6,494 women and 6,599 men lived in Höchst. A good 3,900 Höchst residents were under 25 years old, there were around 6,400 residents in the 25 to 55 age group, and a little more than 2,300 Höchst residents were over 55 years old.
With 7,985 inhabitants, German nationals made up the largest group of the population, 5,103 inhabitants were foreigners. The proportion of foreign citizens in the highest population was 39 percent. Of these, the Turks made up the largest group with 1,015 inhabitants, followed by 519 Italians and 480 Serbs . The other nationalities, including Bosnians , Greeks , Spaniards and Poles , were represented with around 200 to 300 inhabitants per population group.
Religions
There are no exact figures available about the members of the individual religious groups in the city districts, as the city of Frankfurt only lists a total of Frankfurt statistics in the publicly accessible statistical yearbooks. Approximate figures for Höchst can be inferred from the Höchst history, the existing literature and the population structure, as well as the Frankfurt Church Yearbooks .
The two largest religious groups in Höchst are Christians and Muslims of various denominations. In addition, there is the Thai Buddhist monastery Wat Bodhi-Dhamm on the edge of the Höchst Old Town, which was opened in 2003. Other religions are not represented or not represented by any group worth mentioning.
Christianity
As a former territory of Mainz, Höchst is traditionally and mostly Catholic . The Reformation had no effect in Höchst. The parish church was Justinuskirche until the end of the 19th century . In 1908 the Josefskirche was consecrated, which has since been the highest parish church. Today the parish has 3428 parishioners. Italian and Polish Catholics join the Catholic German population. The Italian Catholics have their own community Comunità Cattolica Italiana in Frankfurt , which also operates a community center in Nied.
Only with the beginning of industrialization in the middle of the 19th century was there a significant influx of Protestant Christians . At the end of the 19th century, an Evangelical Reformed community was founded and the Evangelical City Church in Höchst was consecrated in 1882. The highest evangelical congregation is part of the Evangelical Church in Hesse and Nassau . With 2,129 parishioners, it is one of the medium-sized parishes in Frankfurt. From 1965 to 1999 the northern district formed its own congregation under the name Christophorusgemeinde . The Evangelical Free Churches in Höchst include the Baptist congregation with 170 congregation members and the Methodist Evangelical calling congregation with 110 members.
Islam
Since the 1960s, many workers from Islamic countries moved to Höchst. The vast majority of Muslims are Turks. There are four mosques in the district ; one of the mosques is sponsored by the Turkish-Islamic Union of the Institute for Religion . There is also a Turkish-speaking Alevi community. According to an estimate by the City of Frankfurt for 2006, the total share of Muslims in the highest population was around 2,400 people, at 18.3 percent.
Jewish community
For a long time there was a small Jewish community in Höchst . The first Jewish families were mentioned in tax lists in the middle of the 17th century. A first synagogue was located in Badstubengasse in the immediate vicinity of the Justinuskirche. In 1905, the community built a synagogue on the east side of the Höchst Citizens' Park, and since 1923 the Höchst Market.
During the November pogroms in 1938 , the Höchst Jewish Community was destroyed, the synagogue burned down and replaced by an air raid shelter. The Jewish population in Höchsts, a figure of 184 is given for 1925, was either able to flee abroad or was deported to concentration camps and murdered there. A memorial plaque on Ettinghausen-Platz commemorates the synagogue . In 2010 it was named after the Ettinghausen family, one of the oldest Jewish families in Höchst, who were active in business and club life as well as in local politics. To commemorate the deported and murdered Höchster Jews and other victims of Nazi persecution, several stumbling blocks were set in the district.
The Höchst Jewish Community was not rebuilt after 1945; all of Höchst's Jewish residents now belong to the Jewish Community of Frankfurt am Main .
politics
Supreme Mayor until 1928
There have been mayors in Höchst since early modern times. According to the chronicles, two mayors were in office at the same time every year. Between 1866, when Höchst became Prussian, and 1887, Höchst had honorary mayors. In 1888, Eugen Gebeschus was the city's first full-time mayor. Bruno Müller, the last Supreme Mayor, became a city councilor after it was incorporated in Frankfurt in 1928. In the years after the First World War there was temporarily no mayor in Höchst during the French occupation. Ernst Janke was expelled in 1919 by the French military administration, the leadership of the city administration was alternately Assistant perceived to 1922 Bruno Asch took office.
List of Supreme Mayors since 1860:
- Andreas Adelon, mayor from 1860 to 1869, founded the chemical plant Meister, Lucius and Brüning on his initiative
- Wilhelm Lina, mayor from 1869 to 1873
- Konrad Glatt, mayor from 1874 to 1882
- Peter Anton Bied († 1889), last honorary mayor from 1882 to 1887
- Dr. Eugen Gebeschus (1855–1936), first full-time mayor from 1888 to 1893, then Lord Mayor of the city of Hanau
- Wilhelm Karraß, Mayor from 1893 to 1899
- Viktor Palleske (1860–1935), mayor from 1899 to 1911, on his initiative the Höchst City Park, inaugurated in 1908, was laid out
- Dr. Ernst Janke (also known as August Wilhelm Albert Janke , 1873-1943), Mayor from 1911 to 1923, appointed Lord Mayor by Wilhelm II in 1917 , during his term of office Groß-Höchst was founded by incorporating the surrounding towns
- Bruno Asch (1890–1940), head of economic affairs in Höchst since 1920, mayor from 1923 to 1925
- Dr. Bruno Müller (* 1889), mayor from 1926 to 1928
District politics from 1928
In accordance with Section 5 of the Incorporation Agreement, from 1928 Höchst became a separate local constituency and administrative district within Frankfurt. The district had its own district council as a municipal citizen representative. Overall, the contract provided for a very large degree of independence for a district. With the seizure of power by the National Socialists, Höchst became a dependent administrative district of Frankfurt, as such extensive communal independence did not fit the centralized leadership principle of the new rulers. The district representation only existed formally and was dissolved in 1945.
With the rebuilding of local self-government after 1945, the administrative structure in Frankfurt was also reorganized. The political structure of the districts was given by the Hessian municipal code from 1952. Frankfurt combined the western parts of the city into the Frankfurt-West district, the responsible body is the local advisory board (OBR) 6. The regular meeting place of the OBR 6 is the chapel hall in the Bolongaropalast. The palace has been the town hall of Höchst since 1909, and the seat of the Frankfurt district administration for the western parts of the city is also located here.
In order to meet the special status of the western parts of the city resulting from the incorporation contract, the city of Frankfurt set up a separate department for the interests of the western parts of the city. Its management has been held by the Lord Mayor of Frankfurt since 1966. The departmental office is located in the Bolongaropalast, and regular citizens' questions are also held here.
economy
retail trade
The King Steiner Street , between Dalberg place and Bolongarostraße since 1990 pedestrian zone , is an important retail location. Other shopping streets are Hostatostraße and Bolongarostraße. The shopping city Höchst , however, suffers a lot from competition from the Main-Taunus-Zentrum (MTZ), which is only three kilometers away . The MTZ, located in the district of Sulzbach , is one of the first and largest German shopping centers . In addition, other conveniently located specialist retail centers in the surrounding communities of Kriftel and Eschborn are withdrawing customers. On the other hand, there is hardly any supply of craft and service-oriented shops in the region.
The closure of the Hertie department store on Koenigsteiner Strasse at the end of 2001 became an unmistakable symbol of the crisis . In the years that followed, it consisted of only remaining stock shops and one-euro shops. At the end of 2006 the building of the former Schiff department store was sold. The building complex, the oldest parts of which date back to 1928, was completely demolished by the end of 2008 and a new, small shopping center opened there in summer 2010.
In order to revitalize the shopping city , the Association of Trade and Crafts (IHH), which was dissolved in 2010, planned to set up a Business Improvement District (BID) in the Höchst city center . IHH dropped this project in February 2009. The Frankfurt Höchst district was selected as one of three German locations for the European Interreg IVb research project Managing District Centers in North West Europe (MANDIE). This contrasts with plans by the nearby MTZ, which has planned extensions. Sulzbach and Frankfurt are struggling to make a decision that is above all socially acceptable for the highest level.
In 2006 the city of Frankfurt decided in a master plan for Höchst to support Höchsts urban development with 20 million euros over the next ten years in order to make Höchst an attractive residential and business location again.
An integral part of the Höchst retail trade that has remained unchanged over time and which also attracts many customers from the surrounding area is the Höchst weekly market, which takes place three days a week . The market day, originally set to Tuesday, also took place on Fridays from the 18th century onwards, with Saturday being added later. In 2006 the market celebrated its 650th anniversary.
Well-known companies
Hoechst AG, which has been part of Sanofi-aventis since 2004, was the headquarters of Hoechst AG until 1999 . The factory site was converted into the Höchst industrial park , which is operated by the industrial service provider Infraserv Höchst . Numerous former subsidiaries of Hoechst AG are still based on the grounds of the industrial park. After Frankfurt Airport , the Höchst Industrial Park is the second largest workplace in Frankfurt, with around 22,000 people working in over 90 companies.
The second large industrial company was Main-Kraftwerke (MKW) , founded in 1911 as a subsidiary of Elektrizitäts-AG, formerly W. Lahmeyer & Co. Today, as Süwag Energie AG, you are a subsidiary of Innogy . Main power plants operated a coal-fired power plant on the banks of the Main in the direct vicinity of the old town. In 2004 the power plant, which was shut down in 1999, was completely demolished after a fire.
The Höchst Porcelain Manufactory was a porcelain manufacturer that produced between 1748 and 1798 and then went bankrupt. The company was revived in 1946 at the instigation of the Höchst historian Rudolf Schäfer . The project could be maintained thanks to financial support from Hoechst AG and Dresdner Bank . The manufactory produces porcelains with sophisticated hand paintings.
The German track is a foreign and interior cleaning system for the Group companies DB Regio and DB long-distance traffic on the northern edge of the freight depot responsible.
Former companies
A well-known former company was the plant and machine factory H. Breuer & Co., called Breuer-Werke for short . They were taken over by Buderus in 1923 and sold to Krauss-Maffei in 1969 .
The Ada-Ada-Schuh AG was another well-known company. The shoe manufacturer emerged from the shoe factory R. & W. Nathan oHG , which was founded in 1900 and " Aryanized " in 1937 . The company, which was based near the Höchst train station, existed until 1966.
The furniture manufacturer Wesner had its furniture store in Höchst until 2007. The company, which comes from the tradition of wood processing and furniture manufacturing in the Vordertaunus , was founded in 1906. The competition on the furniture market brought the traditional company to an end.
The Bolongaro brothers' snuff factory was opened at the end of the 18th century in the Höchst new town. She laid the foundation stone for the tobacco processing prosperity in Höchst that went well into the 19th century.
media
The local media landscape in Höchst is determined by the Frankfurt daily newspapers. In addition to the Frankfurter Rundschau , the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung and the Frankfurter Neue Presse , this is above all the Höchst Kreisblatt (HK). The newspaper, founded in 1849, traditionally reports from Höchst, the west of Frankfurt and the former district of Höchst. The HK has belonged to the newspaper group of the Frankfurter Neue Presse since July 1965. In addition to these daily newspapers, there are several local and regional advertising papers .
traffic
Public transport
The Höchst station is a hub in the regional traffic of the Taunusbahn and the Main-Lahn-Bahn . Numerous regional trains and regional express trains from Frankfurt to Wiesbaden and Limburg stop here . Other important connections are offered by two S-Bahn lines in the direction of downtown Frankfurt . The S1 runs from Wiesbaden via the main station to Ober-Roden and the S2 from Niedernhausen to Dietzenbach . The Königsteiner Bahn runs as regional train 12 via Kelkheim to Königstein in the Vordertaunus . The Sodener Bahn connects Bad Soden am Taunus with Höchst as regional line 13 . With the Regional Tangente West , an S-Bahn from Bad Homburg via the Höchst train station to Frankfurt Airport and on to Neu-Isenburg has been decided.
Trams have been going to Höchst since 1952 , currently line 11 to Fechenheim . The connection to the Frankfurt tram network was promised to the Höchstern in the incorporation contract; there, however, there is talk of a line via the Höchst train station to Zeilsheim. This was only realized after the Second World War and only up to Zuckschwerdtstrasse in the far east of Höchst, which did not quite meet the expectations of the residents. In the current overall traffic plan for the city of Frankfurt, an extension to the Höchst train station or alternatively through Bolongarostraße to Königsteiner Straße is planned. The integration of the route into the underground network (line U5 ) is also under discussion.
Höchst already had its own bus network before it was incorporated , which it brought into connection with Frankfurt. Back then there were only a few bus routes in Frankfurt, most of the routes were served by trams. The Höchst bus network has been largely preserved to this day in accordance with the terms of the incorporation contract, and the relative independence is also expressed by the 50 line numbers. The bus line 58 connects with the maximum airport .
Road traffic
The district has no direct connection to the motorway. The Höchst junction of the BAB 66 is about two kilometers from the town center in Frankfurt-Unterliederbach, bordering to the north .
Since for a long time the main axes Hostatostraße and Bolongarostraße through the Höchst core city were the only direct inner-city through connection from Zeilsheim and Sindlingen to Nied, Griesheim and Schwanheim in southern Main, the through traffic in Höchst is correspondingly high. The Main Bridge between Höchst and the southern bank of the Main, which was contractually agreed in 1928, was not opened until 1994. Since 2007 there has been a connection to federal highway 40 via the Leunabrücke . The motorway-like expressway touches Höchst south and is intended to free the Höchst old town from through traffic in the future. A traffic census in the summer of 2008 showed, however, that the new bypass was only rarely accepted, so that Höchst is still exposed to heavy loads from through traffic.
shipping
The Archbishops of Mainz raised Mainzoll for centuries in Höchst. Customs were not abolished until 1866. Due to the customs office, where the Main ships had to dock and pause, Höchst was an important landing point on the Lower Main. With the expansion of the Main to a waterway since the end of the 19th century, the volume of freight on the Main increased. Many goods reached Höchst by water. For this reason, the flat Höchst bank of the Main was raised by two meters and expanded into a parallel port . In the Highest port mainly wood were handled for the furniture industry of the Taunus and coal for industry and power plant. The Höchst port was in operation until 1982.
There has been a ferry connection between Höchst and Schwanheimer Unterfeld since the early 17th century. At the beginning of the 20th century, a wagon ferry was procured that was in operation until 1992. The old ferry was shut down and replaced by a new, smaller vehicle. Since then, the Main ferry Höchst has been a pure passenger ferry for pedestrians and cyclists.
education
Höchst has a school network of three grammar schools,
- the Friedrich-Dessauer-Gymnasium, which has existed since 1975 as an upper school,
- the Helene-Lange School , founded in 1874 , formerly a secondary school, as a lower and intermediate high school and
- the Leibniz School , whose beginnings as a secondary school go back to 1818, also a lower and middle school high school.
The Robert Koch School , a secondary school, is now housed in the old Leibniz School building. In addition, there are the Hostato School as secondary and elementary school, the Robert Blum School as elementary school and the Casino School (special focus: learning) and the Fritz Redl School (special focus: emotional and social development) as special schools.
The Paul Ehrlich School is a technical and scientific vocational school in the district. Adult education is offered by the Höchst branch of the Frankfurt am Main adult education center , which is located in the Friedrich-Dessauer-Gymnasium building. The Höchst district library of the Frankfurt City Library is also located there .
There are also 24 childcare facilities for children of all ages, which are run by private, denominational and municipal institutions.
Culture
Theater and cinema
With the New Theater Höchst , which has been operated by the Bund für Volksbildung since 1987 and is housed in a former cinema on Emmerich-Josef-Strasse, Höchst owns a cabaret theater that is well known in Frankfurt . The municipal cinema Filmforum Höchst is connected to the New Theater .
Events
A significant cultural event is the Höchst Castle Festival , which has been held annually since 1957. It starts in mid-June and lasts four weeks. During this time, numerous events such as the old town festival, a curb on the banks of the Main, the jazz festival in the castle and a large fireworks display take place. The Höchst Castle Festival attracts numerous visitors from the region to Höchst every year.
The highest organ summer is a series of concerts that takes place annually in the Justinuskirche. The organ of the Justinuskirche was renewed in 1988 for the 125th company anniversary as a donation by Hoechst AG and with 43 registers is one of the most valuable instruments in Frankfurt.
Since 2004, the Barock am Main theater festival has been taking place in the garden of the Bolongaro Palace in late summer . The Hessian Molière instead. The plays of the playwright Molière, which have been translated into South Hessian dialect by Wolfgang Deichsel and Rainer Dachselt, will be performed. Michael Quast is the protagonist and artistic director of the festival . Because of the renovation of the Bolongaro Palace, the venue is currently in the courtyard of the Höchst Porcelain Manufactory .
Museums
The Kronberger Haus has been home to the Höchst Porcelain Museum since 1994, a branch of the Historical Museum (Frankfurt am Main) . Around 1000 pieces of faience and porcelain from the early days of the Höchst Porcelain Manufactory are shown here. Further exhibits can be viewed on the 1st floor of the Bolongaropalast.
The Frankfurt Clock and Jewelry Museum is located in the Glockenspielhaus on Dalbergplatz . Here, clocks and jewelry from different eras are shown in five rooms.
The company museum of Hoechst AG and the museum of the Höchst History Association, which were located in the Höchst Castle, were closed at the end of 2006. They should find their place there after the reconstruction of the Bolongaro Palace.
Clubs (selection)
In Höchst there are a large number of sporty, culturally and socially active clubs. In the Vereinsring Höchst e. V. over sixty clubs are organized. The club ring itself has been hosting the Höchst Castle Festival since 1957.
- The Pro Höchst initiative is an amalgamation of companies, associations and individuals who are committed to promoting the district.
- The Bürgerervereinigung Höchster Altstadt e. V. is committed to the preservation of the old town in Höchst. In 1977 she was awarded the Walter Möller plaque by the City of Frankfurt for services to the common good in Frankfurt am Main for her work.
- The volunteer fire brigade Höchst 1852 e. V. is one of the oldest fire departments in Germany. The fire station is located on Palleskestrasse (shooting range).
- The Höchst Swimming Club was founded in 1893 and today has over 1,900 members.
- The Association for History and Archeology Ffm.-Höchst e. V. was founded by the citizens of Höchst at the end of the 19th century to research and preserve the historical heritage of the city of Höchst. The long-time chairman of the association was the highest journalist and historian Rudolf Schäfer .
- Die Höchst Schnüffler un 'Maagucker e. V. is an association of individual citizens and citizens' initiatives who are committed to environmental protection and are particularly critical of the policy of the industrial park.
Sights and cultural monuments in Höchst
→ Main article: List of cultural monuments in Frankfurt-Höchst
Old town
In the Höchst old town, which survived the Second World War without significant damage, there are a number of important architectural monuments. The main side of Höchst is characterized by the city wall with the main gate, which was built in the 14th century . The Carolingian Justinuskirche, built around 830, with its three-aisled basilica and the high Gothic choir from the 15th century is the oldest building in Frankfurt. The Höchst Castle, 14. – 16. Century, was the residence of the Archbishops of Mainz. The castle tower is a landmark of Höchst. The Höchst Schloßplatz with its half-timbered houses is considered by many Frankfurters to be the most beautiful square in Frankfurt. Dürer, Goethe and Mozart were guests at the former Der Karpfen inn .
Well-preserved individual buildings are the aristocratic houses Dalberger Haus and Kronberger Haus , which were built during the Renaissance . Both are connected to Höchster Porzellan, in the Dalberger Haus there is a sales point of the Höchster Porzellanmanufaktur , in the Kronberger Haus the Porcelain Museum of the Historical Museum Frankfurt . The Greiffenclausche House , formerly an aristocratic court and now a residential building, also dates from the Renaissance period .
Further architectural monuments are the late Gothic house Zum Anker , a restaurant and residential building for centuries, the former Antonite monastery and the old town hall , both of which are now used for residential purposes.
Neustadt
In the Höchst Neustadt , founded in 1768 as a city extension, the baroque Bolongaro Palace is the most defining building. After a checkered history as the Bolongaros family home and later as an industrial and residential building, it served as the town hall of Höchst from 1908 and, after incorporation into Frankfurt, as a branch of the city administration in the western parts of the city.
The district building, built in the classical style in 1892 , was the seat of the district administration of the district of Höchst until 1928 . From 1928 the house served the Main-Taunus-Kreis as its administrative headquarters until they moved to Hofheim am Taunus . The building has been empty since then.
Other buildings
Most of the buildings in Höchst Westend date from the Wilhelminian era and the early 20th century. Special buildings are the Protestant town church on Leverkuser Strasse , built between 1877 and 1882 in red brick in the neo-renaissance style, and the neo-Romanesque St. Joseph's Church, built in 1908 in Hostatostrasse.
The Art Nouveau building of Höchst station , inaugurated in 1914, was the last public building in Höchst before the start of the First World War. The expressionist administration building of the Farbwerke Hoechst AG , built between 1920 and 1924 based on a design by Peter Behrens , is no longer freely accessible to the public.
Outside Höchsts, in the Unterliederbach area, are the dome of the Hoechst Centennial Hall, which was built between 1961 and 1963, and the ball sports hall, which opened in 1988 .
Parks
On the edge of the Höchst Oberfeld is the 14.6 hectare Höchst City Park . The park, which was laid out in 1908, was inspired by the mayor of the time, Palleske. With its old trees, it is a popular recreational destination for the Höchst and Nieder citizens.
The Bruno-Asch-Anlage , one of the few expressionist gardens in Germany that has been a listed building since 2003, stretches along the railway line between the Höchst train station and Dalbergplatz . Since 2011, the once poorly preserved park and since 2013 the associated Seiler fountain have been restored after extensive restoration.
The park on the Wörthspitze , which is already in the Nied district , is the nominal starting point of the Frankfurt green belt . The park that was laid out in the 1930s was previously used for agriculture. A pedestrian bridge has been connecting the Wörthspitze with the Höchst Niddaufer since 1911.
Other green areas that serve to relax and loosen up the cityscape are the Rudolf-Schäfer-Anlage at the confluence of Leverkuser Strasse and Bolongarostrasse and the Brüningpark, which extends from Bolongarostrasse along the western city wall to the Main. The battery called Highest Mainufer was remodeled in 2006 in significant parts of the parking lot into a park with a beer garden and sunbathing areas.
Personalities
Personalities who were born in Höchst
- Johann Kaspar Riesbeck (1754–1786), writer
- Joseph Aschbach (1801–1882), historian
- Otto Thilenius (1843–1927), physician and balneologist
- Gustav Travers (~ 1846–1892), diplomat
- Carl Chun (1852–1914), zoologist and deep-sea researcher
- Jakob Rauch (1881–1956), Catholic clergyman
- Meta Quarck-Hammerschlag (1864–1954), women's rights activist
- Richard Biringer (1877–1947), painter and sculptor
- Karl Wach (1878–1952), architect
- Frieda Düsterbehn-Reuting (1878–1954), highest dialect poet
- Georg Jung (1878–1958), local history researcher
- Hans Fischer (1881–1945), chemist and physician
- Adolf Schindling (1887–1963), entrepreneur
- Heinrich Scharp (1899–1977), journalist and historian
- Johann Schellheimer (1899–1945), resistance fighter
- Heinrich König (1900–1942), Roman Catholic priest, martyr
- Alfred Missong (1902–1965), publicist
- Joachim Lutz (1906–1954), painter and journalist
- Erich Altwein (1906–1990), SPD politician
- Werner Hessenland (1909–1979), actor
- Ivo Veit (1910–1984), radio director, actor and cabaret artist
- Hellmut Brunner (1913–1997), Egyptologist
- Rudolf Schäfer (1914–1985), historian and journalist
- Gerhard Wolfgang Jensch (1920–1990), professional chess player
- Heinz Ulzheimer (1925–2016), athlete
- Joki Freund (1926–2012), jazz musician
- Hans Burggraf (1927–2001), CDU politician
- Herbert Schlitt (1929–2019), physicist and professor of control engineering
- Karl Malkmus (1929–1997), artist
- Wolfgang Bender (1931–2017), Catholic theologian
- Helmut Frank (1933–2015), CDU politician
- Georg Badeck (1938–2004), CDU politician
- Margit Bach (* 1951), track and field athlete
- Klaus-Werner Wagner (* 1953), cook
- Michael Lederer (* 1955), athlete
- Klaus Reichert (* 1963), moderator, author, artist
- Patricia Patek (* 1968), photo model and beauty queen
- Daniel Fischer (* 1976), radio and television presenter
- Tristan Brübach (1984–1998), murder victim
Personalities who have temporarily lived or worked in Höchst
- Diether von Isenburg (1412–1482), Archbishop of Mainz
- Goswin von Orsoy (1450–1515), General Preceptor of the Order of Antonites
- Adam Friedrich von Löwenfinck (1714–1754), founder of the Höchst Porcelain Manufactory
- Johann Peter Melchior (1747–1825), sculptor and porcelain painter
- The Bolongaro family , Italian tobacco manufacturers between 1771 and 1783
- Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Meister (1827–1895), co-founder of Hoechst AG
- Eugen Lucius (1834–1903), co-founder of Hoechst AG
- Adolf von Brüning (1837–1884), co-founder of Hoechst AG
- Gustav Dürr (1853–1908), engineer and industrialist
- Eugen Gebeschus (1855–1936), mayor of Höchst
- Adolf Haeuser (1857–1938), General Director of Hoechst AG
- Friedrich Stolz (1860–1936), chemist at Hoechst AG
- Gustav Weißkopf (1874–1927), powered flight pioneer
- Amalie Froehlich (1876–1938), member of the first Prussian state parliament
- Ludwig Hermann (1882–1938), chemist and entrepreneur
- Carl Lautenschläger (1888–1962), chemist and physician
- Ernst Majer-Leonhard (1889–1966), teacher and headmaster
- Bruno Asch (1890–1940), head of economic affairs and mayor of Höchst
- Walter Kolb (1902–1956), SPD politician and Frankfurt Lord Mayor
- Erhard Bouillon (* 1925), Management Board and Supervisory Board of Hoechst AG
- Rudolf Scharp (1925–2013), graphic artist
- Helmut Gerstenberg (1926–1983), engineer and inventor
- Rosemarie Fendel (1927–2013), actress
literature
-
Official documents
- Incorporation contract between the municipality of Frankfurt am Main and the municipality of Höchst am Main from 1928 (PDF; 88 kB), accessed on 25 Feb 2020
- Annex to the incorporation agreement of 1928 (PDF; 89 kB) accessed on Feb. 25, 2020
- General traffic plan Frankfurt am Main, results report 2004 (PDF; 25 MB)
- Urban Planning Office Frankfurt am Main (Ed.): Framework plan Höchst 2006. Urban planning framework; Revitalization of the inner city. Frankfurt am Main 2006: City of Frankfurt am Main. ( Result report of the magistrate )
-
Books
- Wilhelm Frischholz: Alt-Höchst. A home book in words and pictures. Frankfurt am Main 1926: Hauser.
- Markus Grossbach: Frankfurt-Höchst. History 1860-1960. Illustrated book. Erfurt 2001: Sutton.
- Wilhelm Grossbach: Alt Höchst at second glance. Impressions from an old city. Frankfurt-Höchst 1980: Höchst publishing company.
- Wilhelm Grossbach: Höchst am Main. Yesterday Today Tomorrow. Frankfurt am Main 2006: Frankfurter Sparkasse.
- Michael König: The crisis in metropolitan sub-centers. Loss of importance of grown secondary centers with their own urban tradition. Reasons, situation and possible solutions using the example of Frankfurt-Höchst . (= ISR gray series; Vol. 3). Institute for Urban and Regional Planning Berlin 2007: TU Berlin, ISBN 978-3-7983-2042-0 ( full text )
- Franz Lerner: Frankfurt am Main and its economy: Reconstruction since 1945. Frankfurt am Main 1958: Ammelburg.
- Wolfgang Metternich: The urban development of Höchst am Main. Frankfurt-Höchst 1990: City of Frankfurt and Association for History and Archeology.
- Günter Moos: Tour through the old Frankfurt-Höchst. Gudensberg-Gleichen 2001: Wartberg.
- Rudolf Schäfer: Höchst am Main. Frankfurt am Main 1981: Frankfurter Sparkasse from 1822.
- Rudolf Schäfer: Chronicle of Höchst am Main. Frankfurt am Main 1986: Waldemar Kramer.
Web links
- My district - my home on YouTube
- Maximum. altfrankfurt.com
- Literature about Frankfurt-Höchst in the Hessian Bibliography
- 360 ° panoramic views from Höchst
- Initiative Pro Höchst
- Vereinring Höchst e. V.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b City Survey Office Frankfurt am Main (ed.): Portal GeoInfo Frankfurt , city map
- ^ Hessisches Landesvermessungsamt, TK 50, L 5916 Frankfurt am Main West, 1989 edition
- ^ Institute for City History - The currency reform in Frankfurt on June 20, 1948 ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Minst, Karl Josef [transl.]: Lorscher Codex (Volume 5), Certificate 3399 August 5, 790 - Reg. 2229. In: Heidelberg historical stocks - digital. Heidelberg University Library, p. 172 , accessed on April 13, 2020 .
- ↑ Population figures according to Lit. R. Schäfer: Chronik von Höchst am Main. ; W. Metternich: The urban development of Höchst am Main. ; City of Frankfurt: Statistical yearbook.
- ↑ Statistical Yearbook 2006 of the City of Frankfurt, accessed on Feb. 22, 2020
- ↑ Höchst Kreisblatt from July 15, 2003: The Buddhist monks do not want to do missionary work. A report from the opening of the Thai Buddhist monastery in Frankfurt-Höchst.
- ↑ site Wat Bodhi Dhamm
- ↑ a b Status: September 2007, Source: Frankfurter Kirchliches Jahrbuch 2008
- ^ Website of the Comunità Cattolica Italiana
- ↑ Frankfurt Statistical Reports: Muslims in Frankfurt am Main - results of an estimate. FSB 2007/4 ( PDF 376 kB )
- ^ Rudolf Schäfer: The Jews in Höchst am Main. Höchst history books 36/37. Frankfurt-Höchst 1982: Association for history a. Antiquity.
- ↑ http://www.stvv.frankfurt.de/PARLISLINK/DDW?W=DOK_NAME=%27OF_863-6_2008%27
- ↑ Highest retailer bet on Europe. In: Höchst Kreisblatt from February 26, 2009.
- ^ Wolfgang Metternich: Tuesdays, Fridays and Saturdays. 650 years of the weekly market in Höchst am Main. In: Vereinsring Frankfurt (M) -Hoechst eV (ed.): Festschrift for the Höchst Castle Festival 2006. Frankfurt am Main 2006, pp. 22-29. (PDF; 1 MB) ( Memento from September 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Internet presence of the Höchst industrial park
- ↑ Maschinen- & Armaturenfabrik, formerly H. Breuer & Co., Frankfurt-Hoechst
- ↑ Harald Kaliwoda: New victim in the furniture store fight. Wesner GmbH in Frankfurt closes due to stifling competition in the Rhine-Main area. ( Memento from December 27, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) In: Wiesbadener Kurier from May 10, 2006.
- ↑ Höchst, on the influence of the Nidda in the Main, with 1516 inhabitants, tobacco and other factories, strong trade. The Bolongarosche building adorns this lively town. From: Brand: Geographisches Handbuch. 4th edition, Weißkirchen 1822.
- ↑ Florian Leclerc: Frankfurt and Rhein-Main: The West Regional Tangent is being built , Frankfurter Rundschau, November 28, 2019.
- ↑ Höchst Kreisblatt dated August 23, 2008: The car-free bypass.
- ↑ Frankfurter Rundschau of August 26, 2008: Quiet on Leunastraße. Höchst: Too few drivers have used the bypass in the direction of Griesheim:
- ↑ Wolfgang Metternich: That ends well, everything is green. The long history of the ports in Höchst. In: Vereinsring Frankfurt (M) -Hoechst eV (Hrsg.): Festschrift zum Höchst Schloßfest 2007. Frankfurt am Main 2007. pp. 24–30. (PDF 1 MB)
- ↑ Complete overview of all educational institutions in the Education section on kitafrankfurt, accessed on Feb. 22, 2020
- ^ Initiative Pro Höchst : Educational institutions in Höchst ( Memento from December 26, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ The fountain gushes in the Bruno-Asch-Anlage ( Memento of the original from May 23, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Höchst Kreisblatt from July 3, 2013, accessed on November 16, 2015
- ↑ frankfurt.de: Brüningpark accessed on Feb. 22, 2020
- ↑ frankfurt.de: Highest bank of the Main, accessed on Feb. 22, 2020
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