Hans-Helmuth Knütter

Hans-Helmuth Knütter (born May 9, 1934 in Stralsund ) is a German political scientist and author . From 1972 to 1997 he was professor and from 1993 managing director of the Department of Political Science at the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn . He also worked as an extremism expert for the Federal Agency for Civic Education and the Federal Ministry of the Interior until the mid-1990s .

During his active years in the scientific community, the Christian Democrat Knütter went through a change from conservative to new law . He has published for right-wing publishers and media, such as the weekly newspaper Junge Freiheit , since the 1990s , and works as a speaker at events on the far-right of the political spectrum. He represents scientifically controversial theses and is largely isolated by his " anti-anti-fascist campaigns". Various observers also consider him to be a “thought leader” of the new or extreme right .

Life

Origin and academic career

Pomeranian origins and history studies in Berlin

Knütter was born in 1934 in Stralsund, Pomerania, as the son of long-time chairman of the citizens' association (until 1932) and a doctorate in pharmacy, Rudolph Knütter . According to his own statements, Hans-Helmuth Knütter left the GDR as a political refugee in 1950 . After graduating from high school in 1954, he studied history , sociology and political science at the Free University of Berlin from 1954 to 1959 .

Scientific assistant at the Bonn seminar

In the summer semester of 1959 he was hired by the democracy and totalitarianism researcher Karl Dietrich Bracher , whom he already knew from Berlin, as the first and initially only scientific assistant . He was supposed to help set up the Bonn seminar for political science founded by Bracher in 1959 . He initially acted as a kind of manager of the facility. His area of ​​responsibility included a. the construction of the seminar library and the recruitment of academic assistants.

In November 1959 he finished the manuscript and in 1960 he was the first student of Bracher's philosophy at the Faculty of Philosophy with the dissertation The Image of National Socialism in the Journalism of the Radical Right after 1945. A study on the problem of the continuity and adaptation of political ideas for Dr. phil. PhD .

In the mid-1960s, he carried out empirical studies on student dormitories in Bonn for the German Student Union and, in this context, was the tutor of the honorary professor Ulrich Haberland, who came from industry . In 1967 he was appointed to the Academic Council and in 1971 to the Academic Senior Council.

In 1961 Knütter began working on his habilitation. After nine years in the winter semester 1970/1971 his habilitation at the Philosophical Faculty with the text The Jews and the German Left in the Weimar Republic 1918–1933 followed in 1971 by Professors Karl Dietrich Bracher and Hans-Adolf Jacobsen , the second reviewer the work was, published Bonn writings on politics and contemporary history .

Professorship for Political Science

After his habilitation, he was awarded the private lectureship and thus the Venia Legendi for the science of politics. During Bracher's visiting professorship at Oxford (1971), he represented the latter's chair for the science of politics and contemporary history. Knütter's appointment in 1972 as associate professor (C-3) for political science at the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn was accompanied by numerous student protests because of his conservative worldview . In 1991 he worked as a guest lecturer at the Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University of Greifswald ; In 1992 he started a research semester. From 1993 he was managing director and board member (most recently as deputy managing director) of the Department of Political Science at the University of Bonn. In 1997 he retired . His scientific focus was contemporary history , political education and extremism research; the lectures dealt mainly with democracy and parliamentarism .

Even after his retirement, Knütter supervised several doctoral students. For many years he was a liaison professor at the CDU-affiliated Konrad Adenauer Foundation (KAS). His students included u. a. Rüdiger May (1975), Günther Rüther (1979), Norbert Jacobs (1992), Christiane Florin (1996), Claus Wolfschlag (2001) and Lars Normann (2008).

Knütter now lives in Bornheim in the south of North Rhine-Westphalia, is married and has two children.

Political and journalistic activity

Political commitment

As a reaction to the general West German student movement of the 1960s and its manifestations in Bonn, Assistant Knütter founded together with Gerd Langguth , then a student, the “Aktion Demokratie Mitte” (ADM), an association of conservative student groups, corporates and the RCDS.

In 1970 he joined the Bund Freiheit der Wissenschaft (BFW), for which he worked as an expert on political extremism . The BFW mainly took a position on education policy and developed a conservative profile. In a highly political time in the 1970s, Knütter rejected the framework guidelines for social teaching initiated by the Hessian Minister of Education Ludwig von Friedeburg (SPD) (1972), which were part of the dispute over school policy. Knütter joined the CDU North Rhine-Westphalia and became an honorary board member of the local association Rösberg of the CDU Bornheim.

In the early 1980s, Knütter was also a member of the scientific advisory board of the conservative quarterly journal Gesellschaft-Analyze together with Peter Eisenmann , Klaus Hornung and Werner Münch .

Political education and extremism research for the state

From the 1960s he published on the topics of right-wing extremism and National Socialism as an author of his own works and in various (specialist) journals. From 1985 to 1989 he was a member of the Scientific Advisory Board of the Federal Agency for Civic Education (bpb). He then worked as a speaker with a focus on right-wing extremism and National Socialism for the bpb and the Federal Ministry of the Interior (BMI) until the mid-1990s . As part of his area of ​​responsibility, he worked with the Department of Internal Security of the Federal Ministry of the Interior and was visiting lecturer at the School for the Protection of the Constitution (SfV) in Swisttal-Heimerzheim near Bonn. Knütter wrote a. a. Contributions to the texts on internal security of the Federal Ministry of the Interior (from 1989 to 1993) and the series of publications by the Federal Agency for Civic Education and the weekly newspaper Das Parlament with the supplement From Politics and Contemporary History (APuZ). He was also the author and, until 1996, a member of the Scientific Advisory Board of the periodical Jahrbuch Extremismus & Demokratie (E&D) published by the political scientists and extremism researchers Eckhard Jesse and Uwe Backes , which deals in particular with the topics of extremism and totalitarianism. The then Federal Government stated in 1997: "Dr. Knütter has proven himself through his scientific qualifications and his expertise, especially on anti-totalitarianism ”.

Controversy about the "East-West Working Group"

In 1991 Knütter came under public criticism because a student "East-West Working Group" he founded and supervised as a liaison professor held three events as part of the Studium Universale of the University of Bonn, the first with the extreme right-wing publicist Hans-Dietrich Sander , the second with the history revisionist and Holocaust denier David Irving and the third with the right-wing extremist songwriter Frank Rennicke , a member of the Wiking youth . In an interview with Radio Bonn / Rhein-Sieg , which was broadcast in September 1992, Knütter distanced himself from the events with Irving and Rennicke. A discussion of right-wing and right-wing extremist positions at the university, according to Knütter, is necessary. Incidentally, Irving is “not a primitive propagandist and has published scientifically relevant and historical writings. However, he was not informed about the event at the time and disapproved of its demonstration character. "According to the anti-fascist journalist Wolfgang Purtscheller , the concern of the working group" political education "was for the neo-Nazi members of the now banned organization Freedom German Workers' Party (FAP) and the initiative for all of Germany ( IG).

Open letter against Knütter to the university management

Statements by Knütters in his book Deutschfeindlichkeit (1991) and in a publication published by the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung, Migration Movements - a fact, multicultural societies - a fiction (1993) were the occasion for an address to Max Georg Huber , the incumbent rector of the University of Bonn open letter that appeared on July 15, 1993 in the Frankfurter Rundschau (FR). Among others, the former Bonn police chief Michael Kniesel , the linguist, racism researcher and head of the Duisburg Institute for Linguistic and Social Research (DISS), Siegfried Jäger , the councilor of the Bonn SPD parliamentary group Bernhard von Grünberg , together with Roland Appel, threw the district association and the council group der Grünen , FR journalist Helmut Lölhöffel and district chairman of the DGB Bonn Gottfried Schmitz, Knütter spreads right-wing extremist ideas and makes right-wing extremists socially acceptable at the University of Bonn: In his publication, Knütter draws a comparison between the current refugee movements in European countries and the situation of the Roman Empire . He called for the "defense against immigration" and "a distance between the ethnic groups". He also criticized the “pseudo-humanitarian mood” in society. Knütter denied the allegations in a letter to the Bonner General-Anzeiger , referring to his long 30-year research on extremism, “with the aim of supporting the free democratic basic order” and stated: “So I am striving for the exact opposite the assumed intention ”. The university rector Huber referred to the freedom of teaching .

In 1993, Roland Appel, Member of the Green State Parliament of North Rhine-Westphalia, inquired about the consequences of the state government in the Knütter case as part of a small inquiry in the State Parliament of North Rhine-Westphalia . The Ministry of Science and Research of North Rhine-Westphalia replied: "Professor Knütter's theses and publications are still within the limits of the freedom that scientific freedom grants every holder of this fundamental right". At the same time it was emphasized: "That does not mean that the state government identifies with the views expressed by Professor Knütter."

Controversy about the cancellation of the "signal against the right"

In 1994 Konrad Schacht , Director of the Hessian State Center for Political Education (HLZ), canceled the "Signal against Right" conference after protests by Knütters and Franz Josef Jungs , Parliamentary Managing Director of the CDU parliamentary group in the Hessian state parliament . In addition to scientists, the event was also intended to give representatives from Antifa groups a podium. Knütter stated: "Whoever tries to fight Hitler with Stalin and Stalin with Hitler is damaging democracy"; He described the Antifa as a "self-proclaimed ideological police". Knütter criticized the alleged left-leaning of the other speakers ( Horst-Eberhard Richter , Arno Klönne and Hans-Gerd Jaschke ); he did not want to be the "only concession scholar" in order to "fake objectivity". He also saw a “call to violence” in the program. The SPD member of the Landtag, Kurt Weidmann , accused Knütter of having drifted more and more into the far right corner, also because of the thesis that “Republicans are not a right-wing extremist party”.

Dealing with international and national media with Knütter's activities

Under the heading Intellectual Extremism , the Simon Wiesenthal Center discussed racist ideas at German universities in its in-house magazine Response in 1994 . In particular, some of Knütter's statements in the lifestyle magazine Tempo have been criticized in this context.

1995 said Ulrich Wickert in Anmoderation in the evening news of ARD of "ultra-right West German professors" as Professor Knütter. The CDU member of the Bundestag Wilfried Böhm , chairman of the board of the Germany Foundation , and Stefan Fritz, deputy federal chairman and federal treasurer of the Ring of Christian Democratic Students (RCDS), criticized the broadcast sharply. It was u. a. of "anti-fascist fairy tale hour" and "fought because of his conservative attitude by the left media".

In January 1996 the investigative journalist Oliver Schröm reported on rights professors in the weekly Stern magazine . The author quoted Knütter et al. a. from an event at the Study Center Weikersheim with: "I expect that what I am saying here will be implemented in the fight against anti-fascism!"

"Anti-Antifa campaign" against right-wing extremism experts

In 1996 Knütter initiated an “ anti-anti-fascist campaign” against right-wing extremism researcher Anton Maegerle (pseudonym). It started with two simultaneous publications: on July 5, 1996, the publication of the real name of Maegerle, who is himself a social democrat and lectures for the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung , and the defamation of himself as a “left-wing extremist” by Knütter in the Junge Freiheit . Three days earlier, on July 2, 1996, the same “exposure” took place in a publication by Alfred Mechtersheimer .

In the same year, other right-wing conservative and right-wing extremist media followed suit: including DeutschlandBrief , Ostpreußenblatt , Transparency in the Media , DESG-inform and German Voice . Due to the campaign from the Knütters environment, Maegerle was exposed to a threat from right-wing extremists. As Susanne Conrad and Werner Frey found out, Knütter boasted of having "outed" Maegerle.

Driving force for the anti-antifa

In 1997, Anton Maegerle and Martin Dietzsch from the Duisburg Institute for Linguistic and Social Research (DISS) accused him of being a "leader in the intellectual anti-anti-fascist" in an article in the magazine Tribüne . In the right-wing radicalism handbook published by Thomas Grumke and Bernd Wagner , Maegerle counted Knütter to "the academic variant of the anti-antifa". According to the author couple Markus Möhr and Hartmut Rübner, the “ethnically minded emeritus” as a permanent employee of Junge Freiheit had designed his own concept of an anti-antifa, which “he later propagated as the editor of various anthologies and for which he formed a 'fighting force' well-known people from the new right and national-conservative interface area ".

Reporting in political programs and small inquiries in the Bundestag

In 1996, Südwestfunk broadcast a report by journalists Thomas Leif and Stefan Rocker on the right-wing activities of Knütter in the format Report Baden-Baden (October 28, 1996) . As a result, the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung canceled a discussion round on the subject of left-wing extremism that had been arranged by Knütter. The CDU / CSU-affiliated Free German Authors Association - German Protection Association for writers (FDA) solidarity with Knütter in the Junge Freiheit (15 November 1996), criticized the KAS and "urges [ e the foundation line] on to reverse this decision and to enable an urgently needed 'left-wing extremism seminar' under the scientific direction of Professor Helmuth Knütter, nevertheless and right now ”.

In 1997, the federal government answered a small request from the Bundestag member Ulla Jelpke and the PDS group, who asked about “Prof. Hans-Helmuth Knütter and his contacts to right-wing extremist circles ”inquired.

In June 2002, the NDR format Panorama published the article Cover up and displace - right-wing radicals in the CDU by Anton Maegerle, Ariane Reimers and Volker Steinhoff , in which Knütter's activities for the Society for Free Journalism from 2001 were presented. The CDU General Secretary Laurenz Meyer , confronted by Panorama, commented: “I don't know him at all, the name is completely unknown to me. Well, it really doesn't seem that important. ”In December 2002, the Hessian Prime Minister Roland Koch (CDU) intentionally broke taboos in the panorama report by Ariane Reimers and Volker Steinhoff - Roland Koch's productions to his foreword in an anthology , in which authors like Knütter wrote essays, interviewed. When asked, Koch justified himself with: “I do not share everything that is in the book, but I believe that the discussion makes sense.” Knütter's connection to right-wing circles was again made in November 2003 (panorama report by Ariane Reimers and Volker Steinhoff ) under the topic of hypocrisy about Hohmann - further right-wing extremists in the CDU pointed out.

Politically right initiatives and appeals

In 1994, Knütter and 150 scientists, journalists and politicians signed the “Berliner Appell” published in the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (FAZ). The signatories turned against the "trivialization and whitewashing of the SED dictatorship" and the "witch hunt for conservatives and democratic rights" under the alleged argument of "anti-fascism". Then in 1997 he co-founded the right-wing conservative / national liberal association Voice of the Majority together with personalities such as Martin Hohmann and Karlheinz Weißmann . In 2001 he was a signatory of the "Appeal to the Bundeswehr: Against the Dismissal of Conservative Soldiers" in the case of Lieutenant of the Reserve Götz Kubitschek , which was published in the Junge Freiheit .

Speaker and publicist for the extreme right

Knütter has maintained close contacts in “right-wing extremist circles” since the 1990s. Among other things, he was a speaker at organizations on the right edge of the political spectrum such as the Society for Free Publishing (GfP), the State and Economic Political Society (SWG), the Study Center Weikersheim (SZW), the German Conservatives , the Cannstatter Kreis , the Contemporary History Research Center Ingolstadt (ZFI), at the NRW regional group of the Landsmannschaft Ostpreußen (LO), at the Association for the Promotion of Psychological Knowledge of People (VPM), at the Young Generation Working Group (AJG) at the Federation of Displaced Persons (BdV) and the German Burschenschaft (DB ). In addition, he published in or was available to the following right-wing libertarian, right-wing conservative or right-wing extremist bodies as an interview partner: peculiarly free , Europa Vorn , Deutschland-Magazin , Mut , Ostpreußenblatt , Criticón , TM - transparency of the media , Burschenschaftliche Blätter , Zur Zeit , Die Aula , The Republican and First! . A constant collaboration existed with the Junge Freiheit .

Endeavoring to network the radical right, Knütter, as a speaker at an event on October 3, 1995, expressed himself very openly and unequivocally: “What can we do? We should band together. Without fear of contact. These reservations are the worst. One does not want to be with the other because one is too extreme and the other belongs to a sect . Then the third is controversial. The fourth has a criminal record of some questionable court judgment. And it follows that five fingers are not a fist. The five fingers can be broken individually, the fist cannot. ”(Tape recording; broadcast in 1996 by Report Baden-Baden)

In 1997 Knütter appeared as a speaker at the event “Initiative 3 October ”, which is considered an amalgamation of right-wing groups, under the motto For a common German future 1998 - No euro, no Maastricht Europe, no multiculturalism! on. At the Boys' Day in Jena in 1997, Knütter spoke about the preservation of the values ​​of " honor, freedom, fatherland " and called on the audience to influence the fraternity among politicians in particular .

Knütter's activities were the subject of the NRW protection of the constitution and led to several entries in its annual reports. There, in 2001, his activity for the weekly newspaper Junge Freiheit was officially recorded for the first time. The Ministry of the Interior of North Rhine-Westphalia published the brochure Die Neuerechte in Deutschland in 2003, in which Knütter was mentioned a total of 19 times in this context.

Republican expert list scandal

Knütter was named in 2000 by the Republican parliamentary group as one of nine experts on the subject of "causes and development of right-wing and left-wing extremist criminal and violent offenses". Robert Ruder (CDU), Chairman of the Interior Committee of the State Parliament of Baden-Württemberg , expressed major concerns about the selection of staff. Shortly before the opening of the session on the topic of extremism of the Interior Committee, the parliamentary groups of the CDU , FDP , Greens and SPD voted unanimously in favor of the announced speaker, since, according to Helmut Rannacher , President of the State Office for the Protection of the Constitution in Baden-Württemberg , Knütter from the constitutional protection as " Pioneers of right-wing extremism "is named, who have" no fear of contact with the right-wing extremist scene ". The leader of the Republican parliamentary group, Rolf Schlierer , protested against the decision and accused the parliamentary groups of a "campaign against the right". The entire group left the meeting room. Knütter himself spoke of a “stupid and gross restriction of freedom of expression”.

Legal disputes

Legal disputes with students

The first arguments with students took place in 1968 at the height of the student movement, when the then editor-in-chief of the official student newspaper Akut of Bonn University Knütter said at a general meeting that he was " didactically and scientifically incapable". Knütter went to court. The legal aftermath for akut before the Bonn district court ended in a settlement.

The events surrounding the constitutional convention at the end of 1971 were of judicial and police relevance. 500 students prevented the abolition of the student body . Reports called “Knütter Dossiers” by the AStA, which was dominated by the “extreme left” at the time, found their way into the investigation files of the 14th Commissariat (political police) of the Bonn criminal police. Knütter himself acted as a witness.

Knütter also took a "Critique of Science and Seminars" published in 1972 by the Political Science student body on the occasion of Knütter's appointment as an opportunity to take legal action against the allegations. The proceedings before the Bonn district court were discontinued without result. The allegations were, among other things, that Knütter had insufficient knowledge of the subject matter of the lectures or that he was ignorant of questions that constitute science.

In December 1981, Knütter filed charges against six members of the political science student council for coercion and trespassing ; the Bonn criminal police investigated. As part of “campaign and strike weeks against austerity measures in the education sector”, the six students tried to get a statement from Knütter on the “Plate case” during a seminar session. The background to this was the rejection of Reinhold Plate's application, a student of Jacobsen, as a lecturer at the seminar, which was pronounced in December 1981. The rejection was due to a dossier from Knütter. Plate had been active in the student council eleven years earlier and was a member of the Socialist Group Bonn (SGB), which in 1971 wrote several reports against Knütter. The proceedings at the Bonn District Court were discontinued in 1982 with no result.

Injunctions against newspapers and magazines

In 1993 Knütter took action against the Bonn city magazine Schnüss before the Bonn District Court . This had claimed that a neo-Nazi from Bonn had been involved in Knütter's "East-West working group". In 1995, both parties agreed on a settlement . The city magazine undertook to refrain from claiming that a neo-Nazi was participating in the East-West working group and to point out in future publications that Knütter was merely a mentor and did not know about or initiate any so-called "Nazi recitals" at that time. Another contested formulation: “Where the professor works, right-wing extremists are not far” was not prosecuted.

Another unsuccessful civil injunction (judgment, 1996) was brought against the left-wing Bonn student newspaper Lust , which Knütter had described in 1993 as an “ideological arsonist”.

Furthermore, Knütter was not able to take legal action against the statement that "in his habilitation thesis he had assigned the Jews complicity in their extermination" (see following chapter habilitation thesis).

Reception of publications as author and editor

Dissertation: "Ideologies of right-wing radicalism in post-war Germany"

In 1961 Knütter published his dissertation The Image of National Socialism in the Journalism of the Radical Right after 1945. A study on the problem of the continuity and adaptation of political ideas (1960) under the title Ideologies of Right-Wing Radicalism in Post-War Germany. A study of the aftermath of National Socialism in the series Bonner Historische Forschungen , supervised by the historian Max Braubach .

The right-wing extremism researchers Peter Dudek and Hans-Gerd Jaschke later summarized Knütter's “Factors of right-wing extremist thinking”: “ Criticism of culture and civilization, rejection of pluralistic thinking, rejection of individualism , emphasis on the national , cultivation of military traditions , folk ideas, tendency towards irrational political justification Action, uncompromising ideology and political practice, a sense of mission . ”In addition, Knütter counted the“ experience of social declassification ”as part of right-wing extremism.

On the basis of Knütter's thesis represented in the book “Since today's right-wing extremists for the most part are identical with the supporters of National Socialism and the pre-Nazi right and since their views are determined by this identity, there are many indications that the problem in its current form is with extinction the generation that consciously experienced and affirmed National Socialism will regulate it by itself. ”Colleagues such as the Cologne social scientist Christoph Butterwegge counted him among the conservative extremism researchers.

Der Spiegel wrote of Knütter's conclusion: “There is no conspiracy from the right, but there is a continuity of the National Socialist, partly pre-Nazi right-wing extremist ideas, because the group of people who write or read national newspapers today did the same business before 1945. “The time journalist Dietrich Strothmann , who is himself an expert on National Socialism, counted the book in 1968, together with corresponding works by Heinz Brüdigam and Manfred Jenke, among the“ three irreplaceable standard works ”.

Essay: "Spiritual foundations and political direction of the German national newspaper and soldiers newspaper "

In 1964 Knutter's treatise on the National-Zeitung appeared in a special issue of the German trade union federation DGB. Knütter was of the opinion that the National-Zeitung would act “undoubtedly meritoriously” because it would defend “the legitimate interests of the German people”. The journalist Wilmont Haacke reviewed the treatise and assessed it as a "compilation written for polemical purposes".

Habilitation thesis: "The Jews and the German Left in the Weimar Republic 1918–1933"

The first criticisms of Knütter's positions concerned his habilitation thesis The Jews and the German Left in the Weimar Republic 1918–1933 from 1971. Ernst Hamburger , who lived in New York City and was in exile during National Socialism, referred to the closing sentence of this work, “The Irresolvable inner-Jewish differences, the sociological and ideological tensions in relation to the left and the strength of German anti-Semitism caused the annihilation of the Jewish minority, which did not want to be, ”when he wrote that Knütter, with this conclusion,“ the German Jews of their own fault draw on their destruction ”. According to Hamburger, Knütter's conclusions would give "cause for deep concern."

The historian Arnold Paucker , who wrote a review for the weekly newspaper Die Zeit and also owed Knütter "special thanks" in the preliminary remark of his work, was outraged by Knütter's conclusion: "Inaudible and completely absurd". "He commented critically:" Based on a broad range of sources, Knütter's project was much more ambitious, but in the attempt to fathom everything, some things failed him. He included all socialist currents, largely opened up documentary wasteland and tracked down many compromises with the zeitgeist. The second part of his study (Left and Jews) would have deserved to be expanded to include the archival holdings located abroad and to be expanded under a more appropriate title ”and“ Some things are not very new, or they are insufficiently understood, and certain definitions and theses are extremely contestable. ”

In 1972, the historical journal Archiv für Sozialgeschichte (AfS) published a review by the historian Jens Flemming . He analyzed ambiguously: “All in all, Knütter's work offers - despite frequent disruptive repetitions and in some places a lack of systematic content - a fluently written and thoroughly read contribution, which is characterized above all by the processing of scattered, contemporary material, without, of course, in any case revolutionary to give new aspects and food for thought. "

Subject area political education

As early as the early 1970s, he was working on the chapter "Political Education" for Professors Bracher and Jacobsen in the widely acclaimed bibliography on politics in theory and practice . During this time, Luchterhand-Verlag entrusted Knütter with the bibliographical part of its journal Political Education .

In the following years he published several writings on political education with the participation of scientists such as Peter Gutjahr-Löser , Heinrich Fisch and Friedrich Wilhelm Rothenpieler , most of which were published by the CSU-affiliated Hanns Seidel Foundation or the Federal Center for Political Education.

In 1979 Knütter's essay The pragmatic turn in school politics was published . In it he described the desired de-politicization and de-ideologization of political education towards a pragmatic approach.

Thesis paper on political science

On the occasion of the 25th birthday of the Bonn Seminar for Political Science in 1984, Knütter published the thesis paper Political Science is only suitable as a supplementary subject . In it he was of the opinion that political science was “artificially inflated”. He advocated a reduction to political education, more practical relevance in the curriculum and the restructuring of the training course for a minor or supplementary subject . He explained about the development of the subject after 1945: “But it is precisely this sudden development that is not good for political science. The upswing came from political opportunism. The educational politicians who promoted the subject expected a consolidation of the Federal Republic, political science should contribute to coming to terms with the National Socialist past, to fighting communism ”. According to the General-Anzeiger , Knütter recognized the pursuit of political goals in the post-war period in the paper, but saw political science as a major as a qualification “for nothing”. This triggered a broad discussion of principles among the professors. A little later, his colleagues from Bonn, Hans-Adolf Jacobsen, Karl Dietrich Bracher (his doctoral supervisor) and Carl-Christoph Schweitzer , resolutely opposed Knütter with their own theses: Political science must not be confused with a science cocktail . In it they made it clear that political science is "an internationally recognized scientific discipline" and that it is "represented as an independent subject by well-known scholars" worldwide. With the right minor subjects it is therefore "to be taken very seriously".

Topic anti-fascism

Book: "Critique of Antifascism"

At the end of the 1980s, Knütter shifted his scientific focus to the "critique of anti-fascism ". He formulated his basic thesis on this in 1987 in an essay that was distributed to members of the Bundestag by the Bundestag member Lorenz Niegel (CSU) : “At the beginning, I will make the claim that anti-fascism is a fundamental value of the Federal Republic, which is increasingly due to the nature of the Use unfolds negative effects instead of purifying them, poisoning the political atmosphere, just as a drug taken in excess causes illness instead of a cure ”. This key statement was adopted a year later in Knütters Criticón article CDU / CSU and anti-fascism .

In a later foreword to his own treatise Critique of Antifascism , Knütter defined his goal of “removing the taboo on ' Fascism '” in 1990 : “The 'Bibliography on the Critique of Antifascism' aims to help by offering literature for critical work. It serves to remove the taboo from 'fascism' and criticize anti-fascism: That means talking about it critically (that is, discriminating). "

From 1989 onwards, Knütter published many of his, according to Eike Hennig, “Kampfschriften” in his own workshop for political and social education . He gave her the official title Studies and Reports from the Department of Political Science at the University of Bonn .

Book: "The club of fascism - the last contingent of the left"

In 1993, in the series Ullstein Report constituted by Rainer Zitelmann , Knütter published the book Die Faschismuskeule - Das letzte Aufgebot der Linken , which was particularly popular in right-wing circles , in which authors should be given the opportunity to publish their “moderately revisionist and nationalist theses” met with a great response. Knütter's central thesis is the demand for a “line under the National Socialist part of German history, which would allow society to again establish a positive relationship to“ people ”and“ nation ”.

In 1994, the political scientist and contemporary historian Manfred Funke , a colleague and professor at the same seminar for political science as Knütter, wrote for the Bonner General-Anzeiger : “[The writing] clearly advocates anti-fascism, but makes a front against the left-wing extremist fraudulent label with this term . Knütter's selection of documents in the appendix to the new Ullstein report illustrates this dizziness. The most recent anti-fascist words on the walls of buildings and in anonymous leaflets, Extremism in the Middle, may have inspired the publisher for the title of the Reisser Report. In any case, Knütter mentions Ross and Reiter with 200 evidence. He wants to warn against that anti-fascism, which in truth is nothing other than the recycling version of the totalitarian socialism of yesterday. "

The political scientist Norbert Reichling, on the other hand, summarized Knütter's journalistic activities on the topic of anti-fascism in 1993 as follows: "Regardless of all the squashed denials that right-wing extremism should not be belittled, Knütter's publications specifically contribute to the incorporation of right-wing extremist arguments in the circle of democratic positions."

For the political scientist Tim Peters , who did his doctorate on anti-fascism, Knütter's studies are knowledgeable, but also critical and sometimes polemical. In 2006 he explained about the development of his publications: “At the beginning of the 1990s Knütter was still regarded as a prominent conservative representative of militant democracy [...] Today the publications he edits are very critical in their judgment on the practice of militant democracy - and often lack the necessary distance to extremism from the right. "

Left-wing extremism

Website: "links-enttarnt.net"

Knütter has been running the website links-enttarnt.net since 2000 , which, from his point of view, documents left-wing extremist activities and distributes his publications. According to Knütter, left-wing extremism includes other social groups, deviating from the definition customary in German-speaking countries : "Left-wing extremism encompasses a spectrum of violent ' autonomists ' or radical 'anti-fascists' across Europe and especially in Germany , to socially established parties and organizations, such as trade unions and the media. ”One of the“ left-wing extremist events ”listed in a chronicle was the exhibition of the NS Documentation Center of the City of Cologne , which was entitled:“ Special characteristics: Negroes. Blacks in the Nazi state. ”On his website, Knütter often refers to publications of the New Right ; Authors such as Stefan Winckler ( hostility towards Germany as a substitute for ideology for left-wing extremism ) will be presented.

According to an interview with Deutschland-Magazin in 2001, there was no mention of the "SPD youth organization Jusos , individual trade unions and 'left-wing extremist sections of the Protestant Church'" in reports on the protection of the constitution . In the case of the Greens, he saw “the allegation of extremism at least partially justified”.

Book: "Handbook of Left Extremism"

In his handbook on left-wing extremism edited with political scientist Stefan Winckler . The Underestimated Danger , published in 2002 by the ultra-right Leopold Stocker Verlag in Graz, the authors compiled a chronicle of left-wing extremism from 1968 to 1999. It was about acts of violence and the extremism he describes from the left in various areas of society, at the Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS) and in neighboring Austria. In it, Knütter put forward the thesis that “the activities of violent and anti-democratic left-wing extremism”, unlike the “democratic right-wing and extremist positions”, are not sufficiently taken into account by the general public. The main goal of this left-wing extremism is the transformation of the free-democratic basic order into an "anti-fascist-people's democratic" order.

The 2003 handbook was received consistently positively by the lawyer Josef Schüßlburner , who was ordered in the Neue Rechten in the weekly newspaper Junge Freiheit , for which Knütter himself works as an author.

The theologian and journalist Guido Heinen reviewed the book for the daily newspaper Die Welt : The manual would “only partially do justice to its self-imposed claim, admittedly to a large extent. It is not easy to present a 'manual' of a political current that describes itself as colorful, multi-layered and in part 'autonomous' - and some authors succumb to the temptation to see the differentiated political landscape of left-wing extremism overly homogeneous and simplified. Basically, the manual offers several important, in some cases really new, contributions on the topic. [...] Unfortunately the volume also has gaps that suggest an erratic finding of a topic. So the environmental movement and the urban autonomists remain almost hidden. And what is missing - unforgivably in these times - is an analytically in-depth look at left-wing extremist movements among opponents of globalization. "

The political scientist and extremism expert Armin Pfahl-Traughber rated the book as “ideological and superficial”. Jens Zimmermann from the Duisburg Institute for Linguistic and Social Research commented on book excerpts: "[...] reasoning about infiltration, practicing factual fetishism and revolting against 'controlled opinion' are integral parts of the conspiracy-theoretical interpretation of social processes." After the publication of this publication, according to the opinion of the journalists Markus Möhr and Hartmut Rübner , the editors Jesse and Backe of the yearbook Extremism & Democracy put him in “disrepute”.

The protection of the constitution

Book: "The Protection of the Constitution"

From the 2000s onwards, Knütter, who now sees himself not only defamed by the political left , but also believes he is persecuted by the state, increasingly devoted himself to the subject of the protection of the constitution . After his positive review in 1999 of the book Der Verfassungsschutz. Organization, scandals, informers of the right-wing extremist journalist Claus Nordbruch in the Junge Freiheit , Knütter and Stefan Winckler wrote their own work in 2000 under the title Der Verfassungsschutz. In search of the lost enemy .

The book was reviewed in a contribution to 50 years of the protection of the Constitution on Deutschlandfunk : According to Horst Meier , the authors “often lack the distance to the subject that is necessary for a meaningful judgment”. The editors and authors have a simple problem: “They are mainly bothered by the fact that the 'sublime idea of ​​the protection of the constitution' is 'abused' against the wrong people, that is, against the right.” Meier also criticized “bad derailments”, such as that of Josef Schüßlburner, who in the book described Adolf Hitler as a man of "a kind of alternative 'middle'".

The political scientist Andreas Klump also referred to the book by Knütter, who, in his eyes, was “now swimming in the wake of right-wing extremism, which is incomprehensible”: He saw, “adding conspiracy ideological ciphers and bizarre political assessments, the emergence of the public sectarian discussion was justified in a desperation of the political left . "

Knütter's report on the Danubia Munich fraternity

In the Constitutional Protection Report of the Free State of Bavaria from 2002, Knütter was discussed in connection with the preparation of an expert report for the Danubia Munich fraternity . In this report Knütter defended the fraternity against the allegations of right-wing extremism and hostility to the constitution by the Bavarian Ministry of the Interior and acquitted them of the allegations. For its part, the authority came to the conclusion that the expert was "finally giving up his feigned neutrality" and adopting the position of the client as his own.

Book: "What the Protection of the Constitution is hiding"

Together with Josef Schüßlburner , Knütter gave the book Was der Verfassungsschutz is silent at the new right Institute for State Politics (IfS) in 2007 . Building blocks for an alternative intelligence report . A benevolent review followed in 2007 by the editor Felix Krautkrämer in the weekly newspaper Junge Freiheit, which is closely related to the IfS due to personnel overlaps . Armin Pfahl-Traughber, on the other hand, commented on Knütter's “absurd” approach about a “constitutional protection infiltrated from the left” as disconcerting, and quoted Knütter's student Lars Normann, as well as his “seemingly hysterical hunt for the left”.

Fonts (excerpt)

Authorship

• Ideologies of right-wing radicalism in post-war Germany. A study on the aftermath of National Socialism (= Bonn historical research, Volume 19 / The image of National Socialism in the journalism of the radical right after 1945. A study on the problem of the continuity and adaptation of political ideas . Dissertation, University of Bonn, 1960). Röhrscheid, Bonn 1961.
• The German National Newspaper and Soldiers Newspaper 1965/1966. A documentation . German Trade Union Confederation, Düsseldorf 1966.
• Bonn students about their dormitories. An investigation of the internal structure of 7 dormitories in Bonn . German Student Union, Bonn 1967.
• The Jews and the German Left in the Weimar Republic. 1918–1933 (= Bonn writings on politics and contemporary history, 4 / Habilitation, University of Bonn, 1971). Droste Verlag, Düsseldorf 1971, ISBN 3-7700-0271-7 .
• with Peter Gutjahr-Löser : The dispute over political education: What one should know and understand about the state and society. Olzog, Munich 1975, ISBN 3-7892-7213-2 .
• with Ursula Benedix : Your child - tomorrow a fanatical class fighter. The influence of conflict pedagogy on parental home and school . Union Betriebs-Gesellschaft, Bonn 1975.
• with Gabriele Hess-Daniel: school books. Synopsis of the teaching materials approved in all federal states for teaching social sciences (politics, sociology, economics) at Hauptschulen, Realschulen, Gymnasien 1974–1976 / 77. Supplemented by a catalog of criteria for the analysis of social science textbooks . Union of Freedom of Science, Bonn 1977.
• The political order in the Federal Republic of Germany (= working materials for political lessons: secondary level I, 5.1). Oldenbourg, Munich 1977, ISBN 3-486-14091-4 .
• with Heinrich Fisch , Christoph Rothkegel: Social Sciences. A reading and workbook for upper secondary level (= working materials for political and social science lessons for upper secondary level). Volume 1, Oldenbourg, Munich 1980, ISBN 3-486-14221-6 / Volume 2, Oldenbourg, Munich 1985, ISBN 3-486-14951-2 .
• with Heinrich Fisch: Freedom? Why, surely! Ways to defensive democracy (= texts on internal security). Federal Minister of the Interior, Bonn 1985.
• Bibliography on political education: theory, methodology, didactics . Federal Agency for Political Education, Bonn 1985, ISBN 3-923423-43-8 .
• with Edda Hanisch, Barbara Könitz : The Germans and the German question (= Germany policy, 2). Published by the Federation of Expellees, Bonn 1985.
• The end of the war in Stralsund and Rügen in 1945 . Home district of the Hanseatic city of Stralsund under the sponsorship of the city of Burg auf Fehmarn, Burg auf Fehmarn 1986.
• Does right-wing extremism have a chance in the Federal Republic of Germany? Osang, Bonn 1988.
• German hostility. Yesterday, today and tomorrow ...? (= Blue current series, volume 20). Mut-Verlag, Asendorf 1991, ISBN 3-89182-045-3 .
• with Regina Pohl: Democracy (= information on political education, 165). Published by the Federal Agency for Political Education, Franzis, Munich 1992.
• The fascism club. The last contingent of the German left (= Ullstein-Report, 36618). 2nd edition, Ullstein, Frankfurt / M. 1994, ISBN 3-548-36618-X .
• The Knütter report. On the charge of right-wing extremism and hostility to the constitution against the Munich fraternity Danubia . Burschenschaft Danubia, Munich 2002 ( PDF ).
• There is a ghost in Germany. Erich Honecker "lives". Germany is drifting to the left! Dossier . With a foreword by Heinrich Lummer. Published by The German Conservatives, Hamburg 2008.
• Anti-fascism. The intellectual civil war (= special edition of Germany magazine). With a foreword by Heinrich Lummer . Published by The German Conservatives, Hamburg 2010.

Editing

• with Peter Gutjahr-Löser: The realistic turnaround in political education (= reports and studies by the Hanns Seidel Foundation, Volume 18). Olzog, Munich 1979, ISBN 3-7892-9836-0 .
• with Peter Gutjahr-Löser, Friedrich Wilhelm Rothenpieler : Theodor Litt and the political education of the present (= reports and studies of the Hanns Seidel Foundation , Volume 31). Olzog, Munich 1981, ISBN 3-7892-9876-X .
• Political education in the Federal Republic of Germany (= publication series of the Federal Agency for Political Education, Volume 222). Federal Agency for Political Education, Bonn 1984, ISBN 3-923423-27-6 .
• The constitutional order of the Federal Republic of Germany between challenge and probation (= social science materials). Klett, Stuttgart 1984, ISBN 3-12-435800-7 .
• Bibliography on political education. Theory - Methodology - Didactics (= publication series of the Federal Agency for Civic Education, Volume 234). Federal Agency for Civic Education, Bonn 1985, ISBN 3-923423-43-8 .
• with Manfred Funke , Hans-Adolf Jacobsen and Hans-Peter Schwarz : Democracy and dictatorship. Spirit and shape of political rule in Germany and Europe. Festschrift for Karl Dietrich Bracher (= series of publications by the Federal Agency for Civic Education, Volume 250). Droste Verlag, Düsseldorf 1987, ISBN 3-7700-0730-1 .
• What does it mean and at what end does one study political science today? Studies and profession of political scientist at the University of Bonn. On the occasion of the thirty-year existence of the Department of Political Science of the University of Bonn (= studies and reports from the Department of Political Science of the University of Bonn, No. 1). Workshop for Political and Social Education, Bornheim 1989.
• Critique of anti-fascism (= studies and reports from the seminar for political science at the University of Bonn, No. 2). Workshop for political and social education, Bornheim 1990.
• with Bernhard Rabert : The change in South Africa and the international situation (= studies and reports from the seminar for political science at the University of Bonn, No. 4). Workshop for political and social education, Bornheim 1992.
• with Gabriela Knütter, Bernhard Rabert: South Africa after apartheid - from conflict to dialogue (= studies and reports from the seminar for political science at the University of Bonn, No. 5). Workshop for Political and Social Education, Bornheim 1993.
• Europe, yes - but what will happen to Germany? On the way into the 21st century (= publications of the Kulturkreis Zweiausend Foundation, Volume 12). Hohenrain-Verlag, Tübingen 1998, ISBN 3-89180-053-3 .
• with Stefan Winckler : The protection of the constitution. In search of the lost enemy . Universitas Verlag, Munich 2000, ISBN 3-8004-1407-4 .
• with Stefan Winckler: Handbook of Left Extremism. The underestimated danger . Leopold Stocker Verlag, Graz [u. a.] 2002, ISBN 3-7020-0968-X .
• with Josef Schüßlburner : What the protection of the constitution is hiding. Building blocks for an alternative protection of the constitution report . Institute for State Policy, Schnellroda 2007, ISBN 3-939869-51-1 .

Contributions to edited volumes

• Extreme rightism . In: Walter Stahl (Ed.): The politics of postwar Germany . With a foreword by Norbert Mühlen . Atlantik-Brücke , Hamburg 1963, pp. 213–232.
• The left parties . In: Werner E. Mosse (Ed.): Decision year 1932. On the Jewish question in the final phase of the Weimar Republic. An anthology (= series of scientific papers by the Leo Baeck Institute , 13). 2nd edition, Mohr (Siebeck), Tübingen 1966, pp. 323-345.
• "No - but ..." for rearming . In: Carl-Christoph Schweitzer (Ed.): Iron Illusions. Defense and alliance issues in the ideas of the extreme right after 1945 . Markus-Verlag, Cologne 1969, pp. 51-83.
• On the history of the exile situation . In: Manfred Durzak (ed.): The German Exile Literature 1933-1945 . Reclam, Stuttgart 1973, ISBN 3-15-010225-1 , pp. 27-39.
• Political Education . In: Karl Dietrich Bracher , Hans-Adolf Jacobsen (ed.): Bibliography on politics in theory and practice (= Bonn writings on politics and contemporary history, Volume 8). Supplementary volume: Selection from the literature and supplements published from June 1969 to October 1972 . Droste, Düsseldorf 1973, ISBN 3-7700-0336-5 , p. 160 ff.
• Political extremism at the universities . In: Manfred Funke: Extremism in the democratic constitutional state. Selected texts and materials for the current discussion (= publication series of the Federal Agency for Civic Education, Volume 122). Droste, Düsseldorf 1978, ISBN 3-7700-0470-1 , pp. 225-244.
• School book analysis. Intention and criteria of a subject-specific questionnaire . In: Gerd Stein (Hrsg.): School book scolding as a political issue and a challenge to scientific school book work. Analyzes and views on dealing with school books in science, educational practice and everyday political life . Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 1979, ISBN 3-12-926921-5 , pp. 165-172.
• Leading youth to political responsibility and political engagement? 2nd Federal Congress for Civic Education Berlin 1984 . In: Kurt Franke : Youth, Politics and Political Education . VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden 1985, ISBN 978-3-8100-0559-5 , pp. 243-246. doi : 10.1007 / 978-3-322-97173-9_24
• The Weimar Republic in the bracket of right-wing and left-wing extremism . In: Karl Dietrich Bracher, Manfred Funke, Hans-Adolf Jacobsen (ed.): The Weimar Republic. 1918-1933. Politics, economy, society (= Bonn writings on politics and contemporary history, volume 22 / series of publications by the Federal Agency for Civic Education, volume 251). Droste, Düsseldorf 1987, ISBN 3-7700-0751-4 , pp. 387-406.
• Ernst Moritz Arndt and Western Pomerania . In: Hans Rothe (Ed.): East German History and Cultural Landscapes (= Studies on Germanism in the East, Issue 19). Part 3: Pomerania . Böhlau, Cologne [a. a.] 1988, ISBN 3-412-00988-1 , pp. 153-174.
• Totalitarianism in school and extracurricular political education . In: Konrad Löw (Hrsg.): Totalitarismus (= series of publications of the Society for Germany Research, Volume 23). Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-428-06452-6 , pp. 28-43.
• International anti-fascism campaigns and their repercussions on the Federal Republic of Germany . In: Federal Minister of the Interior (ed.): Meaning and function of anti-fascism (= texts on internal security). Federal Minister of the Interior, Bonn 1990, pp. 83–111.
• Rationality in our time - a contribution to determining the location in the present . In: Siegfried Schiele , Herbert Schneider (Ed.): Rationality and Emotionality in Political Education (= didactic series of the state center for political education Baden-Württemberg ). Metzler, Stuttgart 1991, ISBN 3-476-30343-8 , pp. 25-36.
• Social Psychology of Antifascism . In: Hans Filbinger , Heinz Karst (Hrsg.): Identity and future of the Germans. Klaus Hornung on his 65th birthday (= European Forum, Volume 8). Lang, Frankfurt am Main [a. a.] 1992, ISBN 3-631-44939-9 , pp. 67-77.
• The constitutional principle of "militant democracy" . In: Federal Minister of the Interior (ed.): Protection of Democracy (= texts on internal security), Federal Minister of the Interior, Bonn 1992, pp. 51–75.
• The development of right-wing extremism in Germany - historical, social and psychological conditions of its origin . In: Federal Minister of the Interior (ed.): Extremism and violence (= texts on internal security). Volume 1, Federal Minister of the Interior, Bonn 1993, pp. 7–34.
• Anti-German hostility in western countries . In: Rainer Zitelmann , Karlheinz Weißmann , Michael Großheim (eds.): West binding. Opportunities and risks for Germany . Propylaea, Frankfurt am Main [u. a.] 1993, ISBN 3-549-05225-1 , pp. 421-437.
• Anti-fascism . In: Rainer Eppelmann , Horst Möller , Günter Nooke , Dorothee Wilms (Ed.): Lexicon of GDR Socialism. The state and social system of the German Democratic Republic (= studies on politics, volume 29). Schöningh, Paderborn [a. a.] 1996, ISBN 3-506-79329-2 , pp. 54-58.
• with Sebastian Prinz: trade unions and left-wing extremists. Political campaigns and politicization of companies . Arnd Klein-Zirbes, Stefan Winckler (ed.): Future model social market economy. Vote of the majority . With a foreword by Roland Koch . Aton Verlag, Unna 2002, ISBN 3-9807644-4-3 , pp. 171-183.
• A new picture of German history Historical politics and conservatism . In: Albrecht Jebens (Ed.): A spring for Germany. Festschrift for Rolf Kosiek (= publications of the Kulturkreis Zweiausend Foundation . Volume 25). Hohenrain-Verlag, Tübingen 2014, ISBN 978-3-89180-142-0 , p. 163 ff.

literature

reference books

• Norbert Beleke (Ed.): Who is who? The German Who's Who . 45th edition 2006/2007, Schmidt-Römhild, Lübeck 2006, ISBN 978-3-7950-2042-2 , p. 708.
• Werner Schuder (Hrsg.): Kürschner's German learned calendar . Volume 3, 18th edition, Saur, Munich 2001, ISBN 3-598-23603-4 , p. 1616.

Articles and contributions

• Ines Aftenberger: The new right and neo-racism (= University of Graz: series of habilitations, dissertations and diploma theses, volume 14). Leykam, Graz 2007, ISBN 978-3-7011-0088-0 , p. 233.
• Martin Dietzsch , Anton Maegerle : “Anti-Antifa” - unifying bond from neo-Nazis to the intellectual right (paragraph: Anti-Antifa “neurechts” and right-wing conservative until the end). Duisburg Institute for Linguistic and Social Research , September 1996.
• Eike Hennig : Ability to govern at any price? Opposition without perspective . In: Operations. Journal for Citizens' Rights and Social Policy 121 (1993) 1, pp. 40–45.
• Norbert Reichling : Antifascism as the basic folly of our epoch? On the risks and side effects of "defensive democracy" . In: Operations. Journal for Citizens' Rights and Social Policy 124 (1993) 4, pp. 38–53 ( online ).
• Samuel Salzborn : On the way on a German mission. Side notes on the work of a right emeritus . In: Christoph Butterwegge , Gudrun Hentges (Ed.): Old and new rights at the universities (= Political Agenda, 19). Agenda-Verlag, Münster 1999, ISBN 3-89688-060-8 , pp. 214-217.

Printed matter

• Answer of the federal government to the small question of the MP Ulla Jelpke and the group of the PDS . German Bundestag, 13th electoral term, printed matter 13/7380 of April 8, 1997. In: Deutscher Bundestag (Ed.): Negotiations of the German Bundestag , printed matter, Volume 577, pp. 145 ff. ( Online ).

Reports

• Thomas Leif , Stefan Rocker (editor): Medienhatz . Report Baden-Baden ( Südwestfunk ), October 28, 1996.
• Anton Maegerle , Ariane Reimers , Volker Steinhoff (editors): Cover up and suppress - right-wing radicals in the CDU . Panorama ( NDR ), June 6, 2002.
• Ariane Reimers, Volker Steinhoff (editor): Breaking taboos with intent - Roland Koch's productions . Panorama (NDR), December 19, 2002.
• Ariane Reimers, Volker Steinhoff (editor): Hypocrisy around Hohmann - more right-wing radicals in the CDU . Panorama (NDR), November 13, 2003.

Web links

• Literature by and about Hans-Helmuth Knütter in the catalog of the German National Library
• Works by and about Hans-Helmuth Knütter  in the German Digital Library
• "Links exposed" (website from Hans-Helmuth Knütter)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Thomas Pfeiffer : Culture as a question of power. The New Right in Germany . Published by the Ministry of the Interior of North Rhine-Westphalia, Department for the Protection of the Constitution, Düsseldorf 2003, p. 117.
2. ^ Bernhard Rabert : Left and right-wing terrorism in the Federal Republic of Germany from 1970 to today . Bernard & Graefe, Bonn 1995, ISBN 3-7637-5939-5 , p. 326.
3. ^ Ines Aftenberger: The New Right and Neorassism (= University of Graz: series of habilitations, dissertations and diploma theses, volume 14). Leykam, Graz 2007, ISBN 978-3-7011-0088-0 , p. 90.
4. ↑ ^{a b} Barbara Junge, Julia Naumann, Holger Stark : Rechtsschreiber. How a network in media and politics is working on the restoration of the national (= Antifa Edition). Elefanten-Press, Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-88520-621-8 , p. 27.
5. ↑ Burkhard Schröder : In the grip of the right scene. East German cities in fear (= rororo currently 22125). Rowohlt, Reinbek bei Hamburg 1997, ISBN 3-499-22125-X , p. 210.
6. ↑ Hans Canjé: The red Kapos . In: Kurt Pätzold , Manfred Weißbecker (Hrsg.): Keywords and battle calls . Volume 2: From two centuries of German history . Militzke, Leipzig 2002, ISBN 3-86189-270-7 , p. 217.
7. ↑ Inquiry from Member of Parliament Grünewald, Freundinnen and Freunde to the Federal Minister for Education, Science & Culture regarding freedom commemorative in Innsbruck . National Council , Question 739, XXI. GP, May 10, 2000 ( online ( memento of January 13, 2014 in the Internet Archive )).
8. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Klaus Fischer: State Parliament Committee invites controversial speakers . In: Stuttgarter Zeitung , December 21, 2000, p. 6.
9. ↑ Detlev Brunner : Stralsund. a city undergoing systemic change from the end of the empire to the 1960s. Publications on SBZ / GDR research in the Institute for Contemporary History (= sources and representations on contemporary history, volume 80). Oldenbourg, Munich 2010, ISBN 978-3-486-59805-6 , p. 33.
10. ↑ ^{a b c} Norbert Beleke (Ed.): Who is who? The German Who's Who . 45th edition 2006/2007, Schmidt-Römhild, Lübeck 2006, ISBN 978-3-7950-2042-2 , p. 708.
11. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h} Martin Dietzsch , Anton Maegerle : “Anti-Antifa” - unifying band from neo-Nazis to the intellectual right (paragraph: Anti-Antifa “neurechts” and right-wing conservative until the end). Duisburg Institute for Linguistic and Social Research , September 2006.
12. ↑ Ulrike Quadbeck: Karl Dietrich Bracher and the beginnings of Bonn political science (= Nomos-Universitätsschriften - Geschichte, Volume 19). Nomos, Baden-Baden 2008, ISBN 978-3-8329-3740-9 , p. 211.
13. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Ulrike Quadbeck: Karl Dietrich Bracher and the beginnings of Bonn political science (= Nomos-Universitätsschriften - Geschichte, Volume 19). Nomos, Baden-Baden 2008, ISBN 978-3-8329-3740-9 , p. 328.
14. ↑ ^{a b} Ulrike Quadbeck: Karl Dietrich Bracher and the beginnings of Bonn political science (= Nomos-Universitätsschriften - Geschichte, Volume 19). Nomos, Baden-Baden 2008, ISBN 978-3-8329-3740-9 , p. 209.
15. ↑ Habilitations and award of the Venia Legendi . In: Deutsche Universitätszeitung 27 (1971)?, P. 254.
16. ↑ ^{a b} The history of the Institute for Political Science and Sociology ( Memento from December 21, 2013 in the Internet Archive ). Website of the University of Bonn, accessed on January 18, 2014.
17. ↑ News . In: History in Science and Education 22 (1971) 2, p. 435.
18. ^ ^{A b c d e f} Samuel Salzborn : On the way in a German mission. Side notes on the work of a right emeritus . In: Christoph Butterwegge, Gudrun Hentges (Ed.): Old and new rights at the universities (= Political Agenda, 19). Agenda-Verlag, Münster 1999, ISBN 3-89688-060-8 , pp. 214-217.
19. ↑ Deutsche Universitätszeitung 47 (1991)?, P. 40.
20. ^ Rector of the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn (Hrsg.): Chronicle of the academic year 1991/92 . Bonn 1992, p. 79.
21. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i} Answer of the federal government to the small question of the MP Ulla Jelpke and the group of the PDS . German Bundestag, 13th electoral term, printed matter 13/7380 of April 8, 1997. In: Deutscher Bundestag (Ed.): Negotiations of the German Bundestag , printed matter, Volume 577, pp. 145 ff. ( Online ).
22. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Eike Hennig : Ability to govern at any price? Opposition without perspective . In: Operations. Journal for Citizens' Rights and Social Policy 121 (1993) 1, pp. 45f.
23. ↑ Deutsche Universitätszeitung 52 (1996) 13, p. 23.
24. ↑ Ulrike Quadbeck: Karl Dietrich Bracher and the beginnings of Bonn political science (= Nomos-Universitätsschriften - Geschichte, Volume 19). Nomos, Baden-Baden 2008, ISBN 978-3-8329-3740-9 , p. 385.
25. ↑ Ulrike Quadbeck: Karl Dietrich Bracher and the beginnings of Bonn political science (= Nomos-Universitätsschriften - Geschichte, Volume 19). Nomos, Baden-Baden 2008, ISBN 978-3-8329-3740-9 , p. 382.
26. ↑ Norbert Jacobs: The dispute over Dr. Hans Globke in Public Opinion of the Federal Republic of Germany, 1949–1973. A contribution to the political culture in Germany . Volume 1, dissertation, University of Bonn, p. 6.
27. ^ Claudia Schulz: Christiane Florin: Philippe Pétain and Pierre Laval. The image of two collaborators in French memory. Frankfurt a. M. et al. 1997 (review), Portal for Political Science, January 1, 2006.
28. ^ ^{A b} Anton Maegerle: Right-wing extremist violence and terror . In: Thomas Grumke , Bernd Wagner (Hrsg.): Handbuch Rechtsradikalismus. People - organizations - networks. From neo-Nazism to the middle of society . Leske and Budrich, Opladen 2002, ISBN 3-8100-3399-5 , pp. 161 and 162.
29. ↑ Markus Mohr, Hartmut Rübner : Determination of opponents. Social science in the service of internal security . Unrast, Münster 2010, ISBN 978-3-89771-499-1 , p. 129.
30. ↑ Ulrike Quadbeck: Karl Dietrich Bracher and the beginnings of Bonn political science (= Nomos-Universitätsschriften - Geschichte, Volume 19). Nomos, Baden-Baden 2008, ISBN 978-3-8329-3740-9 , p. 329.
31. ↑ Lothar Strogies: The Extra-Parliamentary Opposition in Nuremberg and Erlangen (= Erlanger Studies, Volume 108). Palm & Enke, Erlangen [a. a.] 1996, ISBN 3-7896-0808-4 , p. 93.
32. ↑ ^{a b} N. N .: CDU members active in right-wing extremist organizations . Press release, Panorama , June 6, 2002.
33. ^ Local association Rösberg ( Memento from January 16, 2014 in the Internet Archive ). CDU Bornheim website, accessed on January 16, 2014.
34. ↑ meu: Wolfgang Schwarz and Kurt Odenthal are at the head of the local association . general-anzeiger-bonn.de, February 23, 2014.
35. ↑ Lothar Ulsamer (Ed.): The GDR - the other Germany (= Perspektiven, issue 4). Verlag Gesellschaft Analysiert, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-922241-03-4 , p. 82.
36. ↑ Hans-Helmuth Knütter: The Political Police of the "Third Reich" . in: Neue Politische Literatur (1964), pp. 976–984.
37. ↑ Hans-Helmuth Knütter: The mission and elite consciousness among the right-wing radicals . In: Politische Studien 17 (1966) 165, pp. 59–66.
38. ↑ Hans-Helmuth Knütter: Who is for the NPD? Attempt an analysis . In: Sozialdemokratischer Pressedienst , 12 (1966) 15, S. 2 ( PDF ).
39. ^ Christoph Mestmacher : Right-wing radicals. Attack against the protection of the constitution . SPON , February 16, 2001.
40. ↑ List of authors of the yearbook Extremism & Democracy 1989 ( Memento of December 3, 2013 in the Internet Archive ). Website of the TU Chemnitz, accessed on December 1, 2013.
41. ↑ Editorial of the yearbook Extremism & Democracy 1995 ( Memento of December 3, 2013 in the Internet Archive ). Website of the TU Chemnitz, accessed on December 1, 2013.
42. ↑ Stefan Wogawa: The file Ramelow. A member of parliament in the sights of the secret services . Karl Dietz Verlag, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-320-02126-9 , p. 23 ( PDF ).
43. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Jürgen Grewen: Reactions to massive criticism of Bonn politics professor . In: General-Anzeiger , August 9, 1993, p. 5.
44. ↑ Peter Mayr: The books they mean . In: Wolfgang Purtscheller (Ed.): The right in motion. Clergy and networks of the "New Right" . Picus-Verlag, Vienna 1995, ISBN 3-85452-289-4 , p. 123.
45. ↑ ^{a b c d} Johannes Jäger: The right-wing extremist temptation (= political science, volume 78). Lit, Münster [u. a.] 2002, ISBN 3-8258-5722-0 , p. 62.
46. ↑ ^{a b} N. N .: State government does not take action against Professor Knütter . In: General-Anzeiger , October 7, 1993.
47. ↑ ^{a b c d e} N. N .: Dispute about "Antifa groups". Conference canceled . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , No. 79, April 6, 1994, p. 38.
48. ^ NN: SPD. Do not defame the state headquarters. Criticism of CDU after rejection . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , No. 80, April 7, 1994, p. 44.
49. ↑ ^{a b} N. N .: Intellectual Extremism . In: Response Volume 15, No. 2 Summer 1994, p. 24.
50. ↑ Knütter was described as "One of the most extreme and vocal thinkers"; his statement "different races cannot be friendly with each other" was discussed.
51. ↑ ^{a b} Oliver Schröm : Right Professors. Under the protection of freedom for research and teaching, university lecturers spread brown ideas and get involved in obscure sects. In: Stern . 4th January 1996.
52. ^ Anton Maegerle: Study Center Weikersheim. In: Wolfram Wette (Ed.): Filbinger. A German career. To Klampen, Springe 2006, ISBN 3-934920-74-8 , p. 131.
53. ↑ Thomas Grumke , Bernd Wagner (Ed.): Handbuch Rechtsradikalismus. People - organizations - networks. From neo-Nazism to the middle of society . Leske and Budrich, Opladen 2002, ISBN 3-8100-3399-5 , p. 284.
54. ↑ ^{a b c} Barbara Junge: Left journalist in the sights of the right . In: taz , January 3, 1997, p. 5.
55. ↑ Hans-Helmuth Knütter: The phantom is given a name . In: Junge Freiheit , issue 28, July 5, 1996.
56. ^ Peace 2000 - News for the Germany Movement , No. 7–8 / 1996, July 2, 1996.
57. ^ NN: Dove in a steel helmet . In: Der Spiegel , issue 6, February 3, 1997.
58. ^ Anton Maegerle, Martin Dietzsch : Bonn in sight. The right-wing extremists and the '98 federal elections . In: Tribüne 36 (1997) 141, p. 66.
59. ↑ ^{a b c d} Markus Möhr, Hartmut Rübner: Determination of opponents. Social science in the service of internal security . Unrast, Münster 2010, ISBN 978-3-89771-499-1 , p. 129.
60. ^ Helmut Peitsch : Post-war literature 1945–1989 (= writings of the Erich Maria Remarque Archive, Volume 24). V & R Unipress, Göttingen 2009, ISBN 978-3-89971-730-3 , p. 290.
61. ^ Anton Maegerle, Ariane Reimers , Volker Steinhoff (editors): Cover up and repress - right-wing radicals in the CDU , Panorama (NDR), June 6, 2002.
62. ^ ^{A b} Ariane Reimers, Volker Steinhoff (editor): Breaking taboos with intent - Roland Koch's productions . Panorama (NDR), December 19, 2002.
63. ^ Ariane Reimers, Volker Steinhoff (editor): Hypocrisy around Hohmann - Further right-wing radicals in the CDU , Panorama (NDR), November 13, 2003.
64. ↑ ^{a b} Freya Klier et al .: Appeal against belittling the dictatorship . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , No. 226, September 28, 1994, p. 3.
65. ^ Anton Maegerle: Study Center Weikersheim . In: Wolfram Wette (Ed.): Filbinger. A German career . To Klampen, Springe 2006, ISBN 3-934920-74-8 , p. 142.
66. ^ Gunnar Adolphi et al .: Appeal to the Bundeswehr: Against the dismissal of conservative soldiers. The "Götz Kubitschek case" . In: Junge Freiheit , issue 40, September 28, 2001.
67. ↑ Olaf Kistenmacher: From "Judas" to "Jewish capital". Anti-Semitic ways of thinking in the Communist Party of Germany of the Weimar Republic, 1918-1933 . In: Matthias Brosch, Michael Elm, Norman Geißler, Brigitta Elisa Simbürger, Oliver von Wrochem (eds.): Exclusive solidarity. Left anti-Semitism in Germany. From idealism to the anti-globalization movement . Metropol, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-938690-28-4 , p. 71.
68. ^ Anton Maegerle: Right-wing extremist violence and terror . In: Thomas Grumke , Bernd Wagner (Hrsg.): Handbuch Rechtsradikalismus. People - organizations - networks. From neo-Nazism to the middle of society . Leske + Budrich, Opladen 2002, ISBN 3-8100-3399-5 , p. 161.
69. ↑ Lectures . Website of the State and Economic Political Society, accessed on December 1, 2013.
70. ↑ Jens Mecklenburg (Hrsg.): Handbook of German Right-Wing Extremism (= Antifa Edition). Elefanten-Press, Berlin 1996, ISBN 3-88520-585-8 , p. 208.
71. ↑ Achim Wörner: An “arsonist” is allowed to set fire to the city council cellar . In: Stuttgarter Zeitung , March 29, 2001, p. 21.
72. ↑ Jens Mecklenburg (Hrsg.): Handbook of German Right-Wing Extremism (= Antifa Edition). Elefanten-Press, Berlin 1996, ISBN 3-88520-585-8 , p. 211.
73. ↑ Jens Mecklenburg (Hrsg.): Handbook of German Right-Wing Extremism (= Antifa Edition). Elefanten-Press, Berlin 1996, ISBN 3-88520-585-8 , p. 349.
74. ↑ Hans-Helmuth Knütter: On the way to another republic - From the rule of law to the left-wing state: What we should do ( Memento from December 3, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) (lecture from May 25, 2013). Website of the German Burschenschaft , accessed on January 22, 2014.
75. ↑ Hans-Helmuth Knütter in peculiarly free . Web page from Strangely Free, accessed January 22, 2014.
76. ↑ Jens Mecklenburg (Hrsg.): Handbook of German Right-Wing Extremism (= Antifa Edition). Elefanten-Press, Berlin 1996, ISBN 3-88520-585-8 , p. 409.
77. ↑ ^{a b} Christoph Mestmacher: Right-wing radicals: attack against the protection of the constitution . SPON, February 16, 2001.
78. ↑ Jens Mecklenburg (Hrsg.): Handbook of German Right-Wing Extremism (= Antifa Edition). Elefanten-Press, Berlin 1996, ISBN 3-88520-585-8 , p. 419.
79. ↑ Jens Mecklenburg (Hrsg.): Handbook of German Right-Wing Extremism (= Antifa Edition). Elefanten-Press, Berlin 1996, ISBN 3-88520-585-8 , p. 401.
80. ^ Anton Maegerle: From Obersalzberg to NSU: The extreme right and the political culture of the Federal Republic 1988-2013. Nazi glorification, racist murders of migrants, anti-Semitism and Holocaust denial (= studies on right-wing extremism and the New Right, Volume 1). Edition Critic, Berlin 2013, ISBN 978-3-9814548-6-4 , p. 94.
81. ↑ Hans-Helmuth Knütter: Troubled times for fraternity members? A chronology of public incidents related to the fraternity . In: Burschenschaftliche Blätter , issue 1/2007.
82. ↑ Bernhard Tomaschitz: “Black – Yellow” is already politically paralyzed (interview). In: Currently , No. 1–2 / 2011.
83. ↑ ^{a b} Andreas Speit : Ideological arsonist . In: taz , October 22, 2002.
84. ↑ Stefan Kubon: The West German newspaper "Junge Freiheit" and the legacy of the "conservative revolution" of the Weimar Republic. A study to determine the continuity of “conservative-revolutionary” political ideas (= spectrum of political science, volume 35). Ergon-Verlag, Würzburg 2006, ISBN 978-3-89913-527-5 , p. 48.
85. ^ Authors ( Memento from January 1, 2008 in the Internet Archive ). Young Freedom website, accessed December 1, 2013.
86. ↑ Jens Mecklenburg (Hrsg.): Handbook of German Right-Wing Extremism (= Antifa Edition). Elefanten-Press, Berlin 1996, ISBN 3-88520-585-8 , p. 414.
87. ↑ Hans-Helmuth Knütter, quote from the program Report from Baden-Baden, article Medienhatz by Thomas Leif and Stefan Rocker, broadcast on October 28, 1996
88. ↑ Rainer Benthin : On the way to the center: Public strategies of the new right (= Campus Research, Volume 875). Campus-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main [u. a.] 2004, ISBN 3-593-37620-2 , p. 92.
89. ↑ Alice Brauner-Orthen : The New Right in Germany: Anti-Democratic and Racist Tendencies . Leske + Budrich, Opladen 2001, ISBN 978-3-8100-3078-8 , p. 171
90. ↑ Alice Brauner-Orthen: The New Right in Germany: Anti-Democratic and Racist Tendencies . Leske + Budrich, Opladen 2001, ISBN 978-3-8100-3078-8 , p. 182
91. ^ Ministry of the Interior of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia (Ed.): Verfassungsschutzbericht des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen . Düsseldorf, in the 2001 report on page 22, in the 2002 report on pages 114 f.
92. ↑ Thomas Pfeiffer: Culture as a question of power. The New Right in Germany . Published by the Ministry of the Interior of North Rhine-Westphalia, Department for the Protection of the Constitution, Düsseldorf 2003.
93. ↑ ^{a b} Josef-Otto Freudenreich : An “arsonist” explains extremism . In: Stuttgarter Zeitung , December 20, 2000, p. 5.
94. ↑ ^{a b c d} N.N. For example Hans-Helmuth Knütter. About the hustle and bustle of a BuF man at the University of Bonn and elsewhere. In: akut No. 110 of June 25, 1974, p. 9f
95. ^ Christian Hillgruber : The student revolt in Bonn - prehistory, course and consequences . In: Thomas Becker (ed.): Bonna Perl on the green Rhine. Studying in Bonn from 1818 to the present (= Bonn writings on the history of universities and science, volume 5). V & R Unipress, Göttingen 2013, ISBN 978-3-8471-0131-4 , p. 202 f.
96. ^ Criminal charges against student councils , In: Bonner Stadtzeitung De Schnüss , June 1982 and political science students are criminalized , In: Stadtzeitung Bonjour, June 1982
97. ↑ ^{a b} Rita Klein: The Knütter versus Schnüss trial continues. In the trial of Bonn's political professor Hans-Helmuth Knütter against the city magazine Schnüss, the district judge has not yet made the decision announced for yesterday . In: General-Anzeiger , 23 September 1994, p. 6.
98. ↑ ^{a b} Rita Klein: Schnüss offered comparison. Litigation between Knütter and the city magazine settled . In: General-Anzeiger , March 3, 1995, p. 6.
99. ↑ Wolfgang Bey: All state authority comes from the people. The Weimar Constitution of 1919. Claim, ambivalence, legacy. Memorial event in the German National Theater in Weimar on April 18, 1999. Colloquium in Weimar on April 16 and 17, 1999 (= Federal Foundation Rosa Luxemburg , Protocols 2/1999). Dietz, Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-320-02999-1 , p. 114.
100. ↑ Katrin Hermann: political scientists referred to as "ideological arsonists". Professor Knütter is suing the student newspaper for omission . In: General-Anzeiger , January 10, 1996, p. 7.
101. ↑ Stefanie Christmann, Dieter S. Lutz : The destruction of reason in times of war. On the loss of democracy after 1989 (= Aufbau-Taschenbücher, 7024). Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-7466-7024-1 , p. 63.
102. ^ ^{A b} Peter Dudek , Hans-Gerd Jaschke : Origin and development of right-wing extremism in the Federal Republic. To the tradition of a particular political culture . Volume 1, Westdeutscher Verlag, Opladen 1984, ISBN 3-531-11668-1 , p. 25.
103. ↑ Christoph Butterwegge : Excuses or explanations for right-wing extremism, racism and violence? - Comments on the discussion about the causes of an undefined problem . In: Christoph Butterwegge, Georg Lohmann (Hrsg.): Youth, right-wing extremism and violence. Analysis and Arguments . Leske + Budrich, Opladen 2000, ISBN 3-8100-2976-9 , p. 18.
104. ↑ NN: NEW IN GERMANY: Hans-Helmuth Knütter: “Ideologies of right-wing radicalism in post-war Germany”. In: Der Spiegel . No. 52 , 1961, pp. 78 ( Online - Dec. 20, 1961 ).
105. ^ Dietrich Strothmann : A German disease. Cancer Diagnoses - Literature on the NPD . In: Die Zeit , issue 18, May 3, 1968.
106. ↑ Spiritual foundations and political direction of the "Deutsche Nationalzeitung und Soldatenzeitung". Shown in 1961 , In: For Democracy , Volume 5, Special Issue No. 4, Düsseldorf 1964
107. ^ Gerhard Zwerenz : Right and Stupid? . Carlsen Verlag, Hamburg 1993, ISBN 3-551-85011-9 , p. 23.
108. ^ Wilmont Haacke , Günter Pötter: The political magazine 1665-1965 . Volume 2: 1900-1980 . Köhler-Verlag, Stuttgart 1982, ISBN 3-87425-022-9 , p. 130.
109. ^ Ernst Hamburger : Knütter, Hans-Helmuth, The Jews and the German Left in the Weimar Republic 1918–1933, Düsseldorf 1971 (review). In: International Scientific Correspondence on the History of the German Labor Movement , April 18, 1973, p. 93
110. ^ ^{A b} Arnold Paucker : Refuge with the Left . In: Die Zeit , issue 18, May 5, 1972, p. 62.
111. ↑ ^{a b} Jens Flemming : Hans-Helmuth Knütter, The Jews and the German Left in the Weimar Republic 1918-1933, Düsseldorf 1971 (review). In: Archiv für Sozialgeschichte 12 (1972), pp. 790–794 ( online ).
112. ↑ Hans-Helmuth Knütter: The pragmatic turn in school politics lessons . In: Hans-Helmuth Knütter, Peter Gutjahr-Löser (ed.): The realistic turn in political education (= reports and studies of the Hanns Seidel Foundation, Volume 18). Olzog, Munich 1979, ISBN 3-7892-9836-0 , pp. 147-166.
113. ↑ ^{a b} Joachim Detjen : Political Education. Past and present in Germany (= textbooks and manuals for political science). 2nd expanded edition, Oldenbourg, Munich 2013, ISBN 978-3-486-72511-7 , p. 190.
114. ↑ ^{a b c d e} N. N .: "Political science is only suitable as a supplementary subject" . In: General-Anzeiger , January 23, 1984.
115. ↑ Ulrike Quadbeck: Karl Dietrich Bracher and the beginnings of Bonn political science (= Nomos-Universitätsschriften - Geschichte, Volume 19). Nomos, Baden-Baden 2008, ISBN 978-3-8329-3740-9 , p. 338 f.
116. ↑ ^{a b c} N. N .: Three professors answer the Knüttersche thesis paper. “Political science must not be confused with a science cocktail”. Sensible major subject - higher requirements considered . In: General-Anzeiger , January 28, 1984.
117. ↑ Jürgen Luchs, Spiritual ammunition for neo-Nazis , In: Schnüss Uni-Magazin 1, April 1993, p. 6 or about Karl-Eduard von Schnitzler : Provokation . Edition Nautilus, Hamburg 1994, ISBN 3-89401-225-0 , p. 88.
118. ↑ Hans-Helmuth Knütter: Antifascism as a means of destabilizing the Federal Republic of Germany . Article, sent on August 18, 1987 by Lorenz Niegel MP to the members of the German Bundestag, p. 2.
119. ^ Bernhard Rabert: Terrorism in Germany. To the fascism accusation of the German left-wing terrorists . Bernard & Graefe, Bonn 1991, ISBN 3-7637-5888-7 , p. 80, there citing Hans-Helmuth Knütter: CDU / CSU und Antifaschismus . In: Criticón 107, May / June 1988, p. 135.
120. ↑ Hans-Helmuth Knütter: Critique of Antifascism (= studies and reports from the seminar for political science at the University of Bonn, No. 2). Workshop for Political and Social Education, Bornheim 1990, p. 6.
121. ↑ Alice Brauner-Orthen: The New Right in Germany. Anti-democratic and racist tendencies . Leske + Budrich, Opladen 2001, ISBN 978-3-8100-3078-8 , p. 47.
122. ↑ Manfred Funke : The poisoned side of anti-fascism Does the market society stumble over the defeat of socialism to its own suicide? In: General-Anzeiger , January 6, 1994, p. 16.
123. ↑ Norbert Reichling : Antifascism as the basic folly of our epoch? On the risks and side effects of "defensive democracy" . In: Operations. Journal for Citizens' Rights and Social Policy , 124 (1993) 4, p. 49 ( online ).
124. ↑ Tim Peters : The anti-fascism of the PDS from an anti-extremist point of view (= research politics). VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden 2006, ISBN 3-531-14775-7 , p. 16.
125. ↑ Excerpt from the Anti-Antifa website links-exposed by Hans-Helmuth Knütter, see also links-enttarnt.de ( Memento from 23 August 2000 in the Internet Archive ).
126. ↑ Excerpt from links-enttarnt.de, see also links- enttarnt December 2002 ( Memento of December 14, 2004 in the Internet Archive ).
127. ^ Anton Maegerle: From Obersalzberg to NSU. Edition Critic, Berlin 2013, p. 96
128. ↑ folding text of the manual of the left-wing extremism .
129. ↑ Josef Schüßlburner : Blind in the left eye . In: Junge Freiheit , Issue 8, February 14, 2003.
130. ↑ Guido Heinen : The dangers of left-wing extremism and a manual with gaps . In: Die Welt , November 26, 2002, p. 4.
131. ↑ Armin Pfahl-Traughber : Ideologies of Islamist, Left and Right Extremism in Germany. A comparative consideration . In: Uwe Backes , Eckhard Jesse : Threats to Freedom. Extremist ideologies in comparison (= writings of the Hannah Arendt Institute for Research on Totalitarianism, Volume 29). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2006, ISBN 3-525-36905-0 , p. 209.
132. ↑ Jens Zimmermann: Epistemological elements of a critique of extremism research and critical discourse analysis as an alternative perspective for a critical right-wing extremism research . In: Martin Dietzsch, Helmut Kellershohn, Regina Wamper (eds.): Right discourse piracy. Strategies for appropriating left-wing codes, symbols and forms of action (= Edition DISS, Volume 28). Unrast, Münster 2010, ISBN 978-3-89771-757-2 , p. 266.
133. ↑ Hans-Helmuth Knütter: Violation of freedom of expression . In: Junge Freiheit , issue 51, December 17, 1999, p. 17.
134. ↑ Horst Meier : 50 Years of the Protection of the Constitution. Anniversary books . Deutschlandfunk , Political Literature, October 30, 2000.
135. ↑ Andreas Klump: New Political Extremism? A political science case study using the example of the Scientology organization (= extremism and democracy, volume 6). Nomos, Baden-Baden 2003, ISBN 3-8329-0215-5 , p. 181.
136. ↑ Thomas Pfeiffer: Pleasant reviewer . Looking to the Right , No. 15, July 24, 2002.
137. ↑ Bavarian State Ministry of the Interior (ed.): Verfassungsschutz-Informations Bayern. 1st half of 2002 . Munich 2002, p. 17.
138. ↑ Felix Krautkrämer: Threat to stability and security . In: Junge Freiheit , Issue 22, May 25, 2007, p. 4.