List of heads of state 1448

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Overview
◄◄ | ◄ | 1444 | 1445 | 1446 | 1447 | List of heads of state 1448 | 1449 | 1450 | 1451 | 1452 | ► | ►►
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Africa

Egypt ( Burjiyya dynasty )
- Sultan : az-Zahir Saif ad-Din Jaqmaq (1438-1453)

Algeria ( Abdalwadiden )
- Sultan : Abul-Abbas Ahmad I al-Aqil (1430–1462)

Ethiopia
- Emperor (Negus Negest) : Constantine I (1434–1468)

Ifrīqiya (East Algeria, Tunisia) ( Hafsiden )
- Caliph : Abu Umar Uthman (1435–1487)

Jolof (in what is now Senegal )
- Buur-ba Jolof : Leeyti Tyukuli (1440-1450)

Kanem Bornu ( Sefuwa Dynasty)
- King / May: Mohammed III. (1445-1449)

Kano
- King: Abdullah Burja (1438–1452)

Morocco ( Merinids )
- Sultan : Abdalhaqq II. (1420-1465)

America

Aztec Empire
- Tlatoani : Moctezuma I (1440-1469)

Inca Empire
- Inca : Pachacútec Yupanqui (1438–1471)

Asia

Aq Qoyunlu (Empire of the White Mutton)
- Ruler : Qara Yülük Uthman (1389-1453)

China ( Ming Dynasty )
- Emperor : Zhengtong (1435-1449)

Japan
- Emperor : Go-Hanazono (1428–1464)
- Shogun Ashikaga : vacant (1443–1449)

Korea ( Joseon Dynasty )
- King : Sejong (1418–1450)

Persia
- Sultan ( Timurid dynasty): Ulug Beg (1447–1449)

Qara Qoyunlu (Empire of the Black Mutton)
- Ruler: Jahan Shah (1435–1467)

Siam ( Thailand )
- King : Borommarachathirat II (1424–1448)
- King : Boromtrailokanat (1448–1463)

Trebizond
- Emperor : John IV (1429-1458)

Europe

Albania ( League of Lezha )
- King : Skanderbeg (1444–1468)

Andorra
- Co-princes :
  - Count of Foix : Gaston IV. (1436–1472)
  - Bishop of Urgell : Arnau Roger de Pallars (1437–1461)

Byzantine Empire
- Emperor : John VIII. Palaiologos (1425–1448)
- Emperor: Constantine XI. Palaiologos (1448-1453)

Denmark
- King : Christoph III. (1439-1448)
- King: Christian I (1448–1481)

Teutonic Order State
- Grand Master : Konrad von Erlichshausen (1441–1449)

England
- King : Henry VI. (1422-1461) (1470-1471)

France
- King : Charles VII, the Victorious (1422–1461)

Holy Roman Empire
- King : Friedrich III. (1440–1493) (from 1452 emperor )
- Electorates
  - Archbishopric of Cologne
    - Archbishop : Dietrich II. Von Moers (1414–1463)
  - Archbishopric Mainz
    - Archbishop : Dietrich Schenk von Erbach (1434–1459)
  - Archbishopric Trier
    - Archbishop : Jakob I. von Sierck (1439–1456)
  - Bohemia
    - King : Ladislaus Postumus (1440–1457) (coronation 1453)
  - Brandenburg
    - Margrave : Friedrich II. Eisenzahn (1440–1471)
  - Electoral Palatinate
    - Count Palatine : Ludwig IV. (1436–1449)
  - Saxony
    - Elector : Frederick II the Meek (1428–1464)
- spiritual principalities
  - Hochstift Augsburg
    - Bishop : Peter von Schaumberg (1424–1469)
  - Bamberg Monastery
    - Bishop : Anton von Rotenhan (1431–1459)
  - Hochstift Basel
    - Bishop : Friedrich of the Rhine (1437-1451)
  - Brandenburg Monastery
    - Bishop : Stephan Bodecker (1421–1459)
  - Archbishopric Bremen
    - Archbishop : Gerhard III. von der Hoye (1441–1463)
  - Brixen monastery
    - Bishop : Johann Röttel (1444–1450)
  - Cambrai Monastery
    - Bishop : John VI. of Burgundy (1439–1479)
  - Hochstift Cammin
    - Bishop : Henning Iven (1446–1468)
  - Chiemsee Abbey
    - Bishop : Silvester Pflieger (1438–1453)
  - Chur Monastery
    - Administrator : Heinrich IV. Von Hewen (1441–1456) (1436–1462 Bishop of Constance)
  - Eichstätt Monastery
    - Bishop : Johann III. von Eych (1445–1464)
  - Hochstift Freising
    - Bishop : Heinrich II. Schlick (1443–1448)
    - Bishop: John III. Grünwalder (1448–1452)
  - Geneva Monastery
    - Bishop : Amadeus of Savoy (1444–1451) (1439–1449 antipope, 1391–1416 Count of Savoy, 1416–1439 Duke of Savoy)
  - Hochstift Gurk
    - Bishop : Johann V. Schallermann (1433–1453)
  - Halberstadt Monastery
    - Bishop : Burkhard von Warberg (1437–1458)
  - Hochstift Havelberg
    - Bishop : Konrad von Lintorff (1427–1460)
  - Hildesheim Monastery
    - Bishop : Magnus von Sachsen-Lauenburg (1424–1452) (1410–1424 Bishop of Cammin)
  - Constance monastery
    - Bishop : Heinrich IV. Von Hewen (1436–1462) (1441–1456 administrator of Chur)
  - Lausanne bishopric
    - Bishop : George of Saluzzo (1440–1461)
  - Lavant Monastery
    - Bishop : Theobald Schweinpeck (1446–1462)
  - Lübeck bishopric
    - Bishop : Nikolaus II. Sachau (1439–1449)
  - Liège Monastery
    - Bishop : Johann VIII. Von Heinsberg (1419–1455)
  - Archbishopric Magdeburg
    - Archbishop : Friedrich III. of Beichlingen (1445–1464)
  - Meissen Abbey
    - Bishop : Johannes IV. Hoffmann von Schweidnitz (1427-1451)
  - Merseburg Monastery
    - Bishop : Johann II. Bose von Ammendorf and Ermlitz (1431–1463)
  - Metz bishopric
    - Bishop : Conrad II. Bayer von Boppard (1415–1459)
  - Hochstift Minden
    - Bishop : Albrecht von Hoya (1436–1473)
  - Monastery of Münster
    - Bishop : Heinrich II. Von Moers (1425–1450) (from 1442 also administrator of Osnabrück)
  - Naumburg Monastery
    - Bishop : Peter von Schleinitz (1434 / 35–1463)
  - Osnabrück Monastery
    - Administrator : Heinrich II. Von Moers (1442–1450) (also Bishop of Münster)
  - Paderborn Monastery
    - Administrator : Dietrich III. von Moers (1415–1463)
  - Passau bishopric
    - Bishop : Leonhard von Laiming (1423-1451)
  - Ratzeburg Monastery
    - Bishop : Johannes II. Prohl (1440-1454)
  - Regensburg Monastery
    - Bishop : Frederick II of Parsberg (1437–1450)
  - Archbishopric Salzburg
    - Archbishop : Friedrich IV. Truchsess von Emmerberg (1441–1452)
  - Schwerin Monastery
    - Bishop : Nikolaus I. Bödeker (1444–1457)
  - Seckau monastery
    - Bishop : Friedrich III. Gren (1446–1452)
  - Hochstift Sitten
    - Bishop : Wilhelm VI. by Raron (1437-1451)
  - Speyer Monastery
    - Bishop : Reinhard von Helmstatt (1438–1456)
  - Strasbourg Monastery
    - Bishop : Ruprecht von Pfalz-Simmern (1440–1478)
  - Toul Monastery
    - Bishop : Louis de Haraucourt (1437–1449)
  - Hochstift Trento
    - Bishop : Georg II. Haak von Themeswald (1446–1465)
  - Utrecht Monastery
    - Bishop : Rudolf von Diepholz (1433–1455)
  - Verden Monastery
    - Bishop : John III. von Asel (1426–1470)
  - Verdun Monastery
    - Bishop : Guillaume Fillastre the Younger (1437–1449)
  - Hochstift Worms
    - Bishop : Reinhard I. von Sickingen (1445–1482)
  - Würzburg Monastery
    - Bishop : Gottfried IV. Schenk von Limpurg (1443-1455)
- secular principalities
  - to bathe
    - Margrave : Jacob I (1431–1453)
  - Bavaria
    - Bavaria-Landshut
      - Duke : Henry XVI. (1393-1450)
    - Bayern Munich
      - Duke : Albrecht III. the pious (1438–1460)
  - Duchy of Brunswick-Lueneburg
    - Braunschweig-Calenberg
      - Duke: Wilhelm I (1432–1473)
    - Braunschweig-Göttingen
      - Duke : Otto II (1394–1463)
    - Braunschweig-Grubenhagen
      - Duke: Heinrich III. (1427–1464) (until 1437 under guardianship)
      - Duke: Albrecht II. (1427–1485) (until 1440 under guardianship)
      - Duke: Ernst (1427–1464) (until 1440 under guardianship)
    - Braunschweig-Lüneburg
      - Duke : Friedrich II. (1434-1457) (1472-1478)
    - Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel
      - Duke : Heinrich II. (1428–1473)
  - Hesse
    - Landgrave : Ludwig I (1413-1458)
  - Jülich-Berg-Ravensberg
    - Duke : Gerhard (1437–1475)
  - Kleve
    - Duke : Adolf II (1394–1448) (count until 1417)
    - Duke: Johann I (1448–1481)
  - Ortenburg
    - Count : Alram II (1444-1460)
  - Württemberg
    - Stuttgart
      - Count : Ulrich V the much-loved (1419 / 42–1480)
    - Urach
      - Count : Ludwig I (1419 / 42–1450)

Italian states
- Estonian
  - Margrave : Taddeo d'Este (1415–1448)
  - Margrave: Bertoldo II. D'Este (1448–1463)
- Ferrara, Modena and Reggio
  - Lord : Leonello d'Este (1341–1450)
- Florence (nominally republic)
  - Signor : Cosimo de 'Medici (1434–1464) (de facto ruler)
- Genoa
  - Doge : Lodovico di Campofregoso (1447–1450) (1461–1462) (1462–1463)
- Papal States
  - Pope : Nicholas V (1447-1455)
- Milan
  - Ambrosian Republic (1447-1450)
- Mantua
  - Margrave : Luigi III. Gonzaga (1444-1478)
- Montferrat
  - Margrave : Johann IV. (1445–1464)
- Naples (1442–1458 personal union with Aragón )
  - King : Alfonso I (1442-1458)
- Rimini
  - Lord : Sigismondo Malatesta (1432–1468)
- Saluzzo
  - Margrave : Ludwig I (1416–1475)
- San Marino
  - Capitano Reggente: Francesco di Niccolò (1447–1448)
  - Capitano Reggente: Filippo di Antonio Madroni (1447–1448)
  - Capitano Reggente: Barnaba di Antonio Lunardini (1448)
  - Capitano Reggente: Giacomo d'Antonio Sammaritani (1448)
  - Capitano Reggente: Baldassarre di Giovanni (1448–1449)
  - Capitano Reggente: Cecco di Giovanni da Valle (1448–1449)
- Savoy
  - Duke : Ludwig (1434 / 39–1465) (regent until 1439)
- Sicily (1412–1713 to Aragon or Spain )
  - King : Alfonso I (1416-1458)
    - Viceroy : Lope Ximénez de Urrea (1443–1459) (1465–1475)
- Urbino
  - Duke : Federico da Montefeltro (1444–1482)
- Venice
  - Doge : Francesco Foscari (1423-1457)

Monaco
- Seigneur : Jean I. (1407-1454)

Norway
- King : Christoph III. (1442–1449)

Ottoman Empire
- Sultan : Murat II. (1421-1451)

Poland
- King : John I (1447–1492)

Portugal
- King : Alfonso V (1438–1481), underage, therefore Peter of Portugal as regent for him

Russia
- Grand Duke : Vasily II (1425–1462)

Scotland
- King : Jacob II (1437-1460)

Sweden
- King : Christoph III. (1441-1448)
- King: Charles VIII (1448–1457)

Spanish states
- Aragon
  - King : Alfonso V (1416–1458) (1442–1458 King of Naples)
- Granada
  - Emir : Muhammad X. ( 1445 , 1446-1448)
  - Emir: Muhammad IX. ( 1419-1427, 1429-1431, 1432-1445 , 1448-1453)
- Castile
  - King : Johann II. (1406-1454)
- Navarre
  - King : John II (1425–1479) (1458–1479 King of Aragón and Sicily)

Hungary
- King : Ladislaus V. Postumus (1440 / 44–1457) (until 1452 in the captivity of his uncle Friedrich III. )
- Imperial Administrator: Johann Hunyadi (1446–1456)

Wallachia
- Prince : Vladislav II. (1447–1448) (1448–1456)
- Prince: Vlad III. Drăculea (1448) (1456–1462) (1476)
- Prince: Vladislav II. (1447–1448) (1448–1456)

Zeta
- Prince : Stefan I. Crnojević (1427–1465)

Cyprus
- King : Johann II. (1432-1458)