Defending champion in singles was Novak Đoković . In the final, which had to be postponed by a day due to rain, he met Rafael Nadal as in the previous year , but this time had to admit defeat in two sets. Nadal won the title at this tournament for the sixth time after 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009 and 2010. In the current season it was his third tournament win and after Monte Carlo his second Masters title, which means that he is again the sole record holder in this category with a total of 21 Masters titles. In his career, Nadal has now won a total of 49 ATP tournaments, 35 of them on clay court. The biggest surprise of the tournament was the Italian crowd favorite Andreas Seppi , who reached the quarter-finals of this largest Italian tournament for the first time by triumphing over the better placed John Isner and Stanislas Wawrinka .
In doubles, John Isner and Sam Querrey went to defend their title, but they were eliminated in the first round. In the final, Marcel Granollers and Marc López won in straight sets against Łukasz Kubot and Janko Tipsarević and thus secured their first joint title. For Granollers it was the seventh ATP title of his career and the first from the Masters category, for López it was also the seventh ATP title, but already the third Masters title.
The field of participants in the single competition consisted of 56 players, that of the doubles competition consisted of 24 pairs. The eight top seeded players in singles or pairings in doubles each got a bye into the second round.
The qualification took place from May 11th to May 12th, 2012. Four qualifying places were played, which entitle them to participate in the main draw of the tournament.