List of heads of state 1468

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Africa

• Egypt ( Burjiyya dynasty )
  • Sultan : Timurbugha (1467–1468)
  • Sultan: al-Ashraf Saif ad-Din Qayit-Bay (1468–1496)

• Algeria ( Abdalwadiden )
  • Sultan : Abu Abdallah Muhammad VI. (1462–1469)

• Ethiopia
  • Emperor (Negus Negest) : Constantine I (1434–1468)
  • Emperor (Negus Negest): Ba'eda Mariam II (1468–1478)

• Ifriqiya (East Algeria, Tunisia) ( Hafsiden )
  • Caliph : Abu Umar Uthman (1435–1487)

• Jolof (in what is now Senegal )
  • Buur-ba Jolof : Birayma N'dyeme Eter (1465–1481)

• Kanem Bornu ( Sefuwa Dynasty )
  • King / May: Ali Gazi (1465–1497)

• Kano
  • King: Muhammad Rumfa (1463–1499)

• Morocco ( Wattasids )
  • Sultan : Muhammad al-Sheikh al-Mahdi (1465 / 72–1505)

• Songhaire empire
  • King : Sonni Ali (1464–1492)

America

• Aztec Empire
  • Tlatoani : Moctezuma I (1440-1469)

• Inca Empire
  • Inca : Pachacútec Yupanqui (1438–1471)

Asia

• China ( Ming Dynasty )
  • Emperor : Chenghua (1464–1487)

• Japan
  • Emperor : Go-Tsuchimikado (1464–1500)
  • Shogun Ashikaga : Ashikaga Yoshimasa (1449-1473)

• Korea ( Joseon Dynasty )
  • King : Sejo (1455–1468)
  • King: Yejong (1468–1469)

• Persia
  • Sultan ( Timurid dynasty): Abu Said (1451–1469)

• Siam ( Thailand )
  • King : Borommatrailokanat (1448–1488)
  • Viceroy : Borommarachathirat III. (1463–1488)

Europe

• Albania ( League of Lezha )
  • King : Skanderbeg (1444–1468)

• Andorra
  • Co-princes :
    • Count of Foix : Gaston IV. (1436–1472)
    • Bishop of Urgell : Rodrigo de Borja y Borja (1467–1472)

• Denmark
  • King : Christian I (1448–1481)

• Teutonic Order State
  • Grand Master : Heinrich Reuss von Plauen (1467–1470) (1467–1469 governor)

• England
  • King : Edward IV (1461–1470) (1471–1483)

• France
  • King : Louis XI. (1461–1483)

• Holy Roman Empire
  • King : Friedrich III. (1440–1493) (from 1452 emperor )
  • Electorates
    • Archbishopric of Cologne
      • Archbishop : Ruprecht von der Pfalz (1463–1473 / 78)
    • Archbishopric Mainz
      • Archbishop : Adolf II of Nassau (1461–1475)
    • Archbishopric Trier
      • Archbishop : Johann II of Baden (1456–1503)
    • Bohemia
      • King : Georg von Podiebrad (1458–1471)
    • Brandenburg
      • Margrave : Friedrich II. Eisenzahn (1440–1471)
    • Electoral Palatinate
      • Count Palatine : Frederick I the Victorious (1451–1476)
    • Saxony
      • Elector : Ernst (1464–1486)
  • spiritual principalities
    • Hochstift Augsburg
      • Bishop : Peter von Schaumberg (1424–1469)
    • Bamberg Monastery
      • Bishop : Georg I von Schaumberg (1459–1475)
    • Hochstift Basel
      • Bishop : Johann V. von Venningen (1458–1478)
    • Brandenburg Monastery
      • Bishop : Dietrich IV. (1459–1472)
    • Archbishopric Bremen
      • Archbishop : Heinrich II. Von Schwarzburg (1463–1496) (1466–1496 Bishop of Münster)
    • Brixen monastery
      • Bishop : Georg Golser (1464–1488)
    • Hochstift Cammin
      • Bishop : Henning Iven (1446–1468)
    • Chiemsee Abbey
      • Bishop : Bernhard von Kraiburg (1467–1477)
    • Chur Monastery
      • Bishop : Ortlieb von Brandis (1458–1491)
    • Eichstätt Monastery
      • Bishop : Wilhelm von Reichenau (1464–1496)
    • Hochstift Freising
      • Bishop : Johann IV. Tulbeck (1453–1473)
    • Geneva Monastery
      • Bishop : Johann Ludwig of Savoy (1560–1482)
    • Hochstift Gurk
      • Bishop : Ulrich III. Sonnenberger (1453–1469)
    • Halberstadt Monastery
      • Bishop : Gebhard von Hoym (1458–1479)
    • Hochstift Havelberg
      • Bishop : Wedigo Gans von Putlitz (1460–1487)
    • Hildesheim Monastery
      • Bishop : Ernst I. von Schauenburg (1458–1471)
    • Constance monastery
      • Bishop : Hermann III. von Breitenlandenberg (1466–1474)
    • Lausanne bishopric
      • Bishop : Jean Michel (1466–1468)
    • Lavant Monastery
      • Bishop : Rudolf von Rüdesheim (1463–1468)
      • Bishop: John I of Roth (1468–1482)
    • Lübeck bishopric
      • Bishop : Albert II. Krummendiek (1466–1489)
    • Liège Monastery
      • Bishop : Louis of Bourbon (1456–1482)
    • Archbishopric Magdeburg
      • Archbishop : Johann von Pfalz-Simmern (1464 / 66–1475)
    • Meissen Abbey
      • Bishop : Dietrich III. von Schönberg (1463–1476)
    • Merseburg Monastery
      • Bishop : Thilo von Trotha (1466–1514)
    • Metz bishopric
      • Bishop : Georg von Baden (1459–1484)
    • Hochstift Minden
      • Bishop : Albrecht von Hoya (1436–1473)
    • Monastery of Münster
      • Bishop : Heinrich XXVII. von Schwarzburg (1466–1493) (1463–1496 Archbishop of Bremen)
    • Naumburg Monastery
      • Bishop : Heinrich II. Von Stammer (1466–1480)
    • Osnabrück Monastery
      • Bishop : Conrad III. von Diepholz (1455–1482)
    • Paderborn Monastery
      • Bishop : Simon III. zur Lippe (1463–1498)
    • Passau bishopric
      • Bishop : Ulrich von Nussdorf (1451–1479)
    • Ratzeburg Monastery
      • Bishop : John IV. Stalkoper (1466–1479)
    • Regensburg Monastery
      • Bishop : Heinrich IV. Von Absberg (1465–1492)
    • Archbishopric Salzburg
      • Archbishop : Bernhard von Rohr (1466–1482)
    • Schwerin Monastery
      • Bishop : Werner Wolmers (1458–1473)
    • Seckau monastery
      • Bishop : Georg II. Überacker (1452–1477)
    • Hochstift Sitten
      • Bishop : Walther II. Supersaxo von der Fluhe (1457–1482)
    • Speyer Monastery
      • Bishop : Matthias von Rammung (1464–1478)
    • Strasbourg Monastery
      • Bishop : Ruprecht von Pfalz-Simmern (1440–1478)
    • Toul Monastery
      • Bishop : Anton I of Neuchâtel (1461–1495)
    • Hochstift Trento
      • Bishop : Johannes V. Hinderbach (1465–1486)
    • Utrecht Monastery
      • Bishop : David of Burgundy (1456–1496)
    • Verden Monastery
      • Bishop : John III. von Asel (1426–1470)
    • Verdun Monastery
      • Bishop : Guillaume de Haraucourt (1457–1500)
    • Hochstift Worms
      • Bishop : Reinhard I. von Sickingen (1445–1482)
    • Würzburg Monastery
      • Bishop : Rudolf II of Scherenberg (1466–1495)
  • secular principalities
    • to bathe
      • Margrave : Charles I (1453–1475)
    • Bavaria
      • Bavaria-Landshut
        • Duke : Louis IX. the rich (1450–1479)
      • Bayern Munich
        • Duke : Albrecht IV. (1465–1508)
    • Duchy of Brunswick-Lueneburg
      • Braunschweig-Calenberg
        • Duke: Wilhelm I (1432–1473)
      • Braunschweig-Grubenhagen
        • Duke: Albrecht II. (1427–1485) (until 1440 under guardianship)
        • Duke: Heinrich IV. (1464–1526) (until 1478 under guardianship)
      • Braunschweig-Lüneburg
        • Duke : Otto V the Victorious (1464–1471)
      • Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel
        • Duke : Heinrich II. (1428–1473)
    • Hesse
      • Niederhessen
        • Landgrave: Ludwig II. (1458–1471)
      • Upper Hesse
        • Landgrave: Heinrich III. (1458–1483)
    • Jülich-Berg-Ravensberg
      • Duke : Gerhard (1437–1475)
    • Kleve
      • Duke : Johann I (1448–1481)
    • Mecklenburg
      • Mecklenburg-Schwerin
        • Duke : Henry IV (1422–1477)
        • Duke: Johann VI. (1422–1474)
      • Mecklenburg-Stargard
        • Duke: Ulrich II. (1466–1471)
    • Ortenburg
      • Count : George II (1460–1488)
    • Württemberg
      • Stuttgart
        • Count : Ulrich V the much-loved (1419 / 42–1480)
      • Urach
        • Count : Eberhard V. (1457–1482 / 96) (from 1495 Duke)

• Italian states
  • Ferrara, Modena and Reggio
    • Duke : Borso d'Este (1450–1471) (until 1452 lord)
  • Florence (nominally republic)
    • Signore : Piero di Cosimo de 'Medici (1464–1469; de facto ruler)
  • Genoa (Signoria of Sforza: 1464–1477)
    • Signore: Galeazzo Maria Sforza (1466–1476)
  • Papal States
    • Pope : Paul II (1464–1471)
  • Milan
    • Duke : Galeazzo Maria Sforza (1466–1476)
  • Mantua
    • Margrave : Luigi III. Gonzaga (1444-1478)
  • Montferrat
    • Margrave : Wilhelm X. (1464–1483)
  • Naples
    • King : Ferrante (1458–1494)
  • Rimini
    • Lord : Sigismondo Malatesta (1432–1468)
    • Lord: Roberto Malatesta (1468–1482)
  • Saluzzo
    • Margrave : Ludwig I (1416–1475)
  • San Marino
    • Capitano Reggente: Simone di Antonio Belluzzi (1467–1468)
    • Capitano Reggente: Maurizio di Antonio (1467–1468)
    • Capitano Reggente: Marino di Venturino (1468)
    • Capitano Reggente: Marino Giangi (1468)
    • Capitano Reggente: Lodovico di Marino Calcigni (1468–1469)
    • Capitano Reggente: Cecco di Giovanni da Valle (1468–1469)
  • Savoy
    • Duke : Amadeus IX. (1465–1472)
  • Sicily (1412–1713 to Aragon or Spain )
    • King : John II (1458–1479)
      • Viceroy : Lope Ximénez de Urrea (1443–1459) (1465–1475)
  • Urbino
    • Duke : Federico da Montefeltro (1444–1482)
  • Venice
    • Doge : Cristoforo Moro (1462–1471)

• Moldova
  • Prince : Ștefan cel Mare (1457–1504)

• Monaco
  • Seigneur : Lambert (1457-1494)

• Norway
  • King : Christian I (1450–1481)

• Ottoman Empire
  • Sultan : Mehmet II (1451-1481)

• Poland
  • King : John I (1447–1492)

• Portugal
  • King : Alfonso V (1438–1481)

• Russia
  • Grand Duke : Ivan III. (1462-1510)

• Scotland
  • King : Jacob III. (1460–1488)

• Sweden
  • King : Charles VIII (1467–1470)

• Spanish states
  • Aragon
    • King : John II (1458–1479) (1425–1479 King of Navarre)
  • Granada
    • Emir : Abu l-Hasan Ali (1464–1482, 1483–1485 )
  • Castile
    • King : Henry IV (1454–1474)
  • Navarre
    • King : John II (1425–1479) (1458–1479 King of Aragón and Sicily)

• Hungary
  • King : Matthias Corvinus (1458–1490)

• Wallachia
  • Prince : Radu cel Frumos (1462–1473) (1473–1474) (1474) (1474–1475)

• Zeta
  • Prince : Ivan I. Crnojević (1465–1490)

• Cyprus
  • King : Jacob II (1460 / 63–1473)