List of structures by function
This list shows various functions of structures . This article does not differentiate between structures and buildings , nor between the planned function and actual use of the structures.
This type of typology is widespread. It is used by students and planners, in documentation, libraries and archives according to their own requirements and priorities in different variants. The aim is to systematically record buildings and assign them to categories.
In the case of some building types, several functions have to be integrated in a building as early as the planning phase or through a later change of use . Multifunctional buildings are, for example, sports arenas that also serve as conference centers, train stations that are also used as shopping centers , or multi-purpose halls that serve as sports venues , for exhibitions , or for major events .
In the case of conversion, for example, disused industrial buildings are converted into museums , storage buildings into apartment buildings or train stations into meeting places. The classification of buildings according to their functions also has its limits.
Further alternative criteria for typology are, for example, location, size, design , architectural style , construction , building materials used , owner , owner , architect .
Living
Residential buildings
- free-standing: Kate (hut) , summer house , holiday home , guest house , residential house , single-family dwelling , atrium house , hillside house, house with separate apartment , house with professional area , villa , castle ,
- condensed:
- Pure living: semi-detached houses , terraced houses , group houses , apartment buildings ( e.g .: hill houses , terraced houses , tenements , (multi-family) apartment buildings , apartment buildings , prefabricated multi-family houses , high-rise apartment buildings )
- Mixed form / focus on living: residential and commercial buildings
Home construction
- Individual buildings: children's home , youth home, student residence , boarding school , old people's home , nursing home ,
- Facilities: children's village , youth village , children's and youth village , old people's settlement
education
School buildings , day nurseries
- Day care centers : Kindergarten , day care center , boarding school
- Regular schools : elementary school , secondary school , elementary and secondary school , secondary school , comprehensive school , grammar school , school center , school village , all-day school
- Special school
- Special school
- Training schools : vocational school , commercial school , technical school, nursing school
Colleges
- Entire building / facility : adult education center , technical college , pedagogical college , music college , engineering school , technical college , academy , university
- Individual structures : seminar building , lecture hall building , maximum auditorium
Research buildings
- Drop tower , research institute , research reactor , laboratory , measuring tower , radio telescope , data center , observatory , particle accelerator , wind tunnel ,
Sacred buildings , church buildings, cemetery systems
- Sacred buildings: church building , cathedral , cathedral , chapel , baptistery , pilgrimage site , fortified church , orthodox church buildings , pyramid , mausoleum , pagoda , temple , shrine , synagogue , mosque , stupa , torii , meditation center , hierothesion
- Accompanying church buildings: parish hall , parish center , religious house , church tower
- Facilities: monastery , abbey , Vat (Buddhist monastery complex) , stations of the cross
- Cemetery system: funeral hall , morgue , morgue , crematorium , ossuary
Health buildings
Buildings for culture
- Focus on music: concert hall , opera , musical theater , discotheque
- Focus on language: theater , playhouse , open-air theater , cinema , drive-in cinema
- Focus on leisure center: youth center , leisure building , clubhouse , cultural center
- Focus on multifunction: town hall , congress hall, cultural center , arena
- Focus on politics: Parliament building
Sports buildings, game
- Outdoor sports facilities: playground , sports field , stadium
- Indoor sports facilities : gym , gymnastics hall , sports hall , skittle and bowling alley
- Water sports facilities : indoor swimming pool , outdoor swimming pool , rowing regatta facility , sailing facility
- Winter sports facilities : ice rink , ski jump
- Sports facilities : sanitary facilities , changing buildings , cashier's house
Gastronomy and amusement buildings
- Focus on production, preparation: large kitchen , catering service , bakery , pastry shop
- Focus consumption: a snack bar , fast food , dairy and Expressobar , ice cream parlor , wine bar , tearoom , pub , cafe , restaurant , service station, restaurant , canteen , cafeteria building
- Focus on entertainment and pleasure: cabaret , bar , dance café , dance bar , night club , brothel
- Focus on outdoors:
- Individual structure: roller coaster , observation tower , ferris wheel , gyro tower , free fall tower
- Entire facility: amusement park
Accommodation buildings
- Hospital construction
- Hospital construction
- Hotel construction
- Motel construction
- Hostel building
- Inn
Public and private administration buildings
- State Administration: Federal President , the seat of government , the Federal Chancellery , the House of Representatives, embassy , consulate , official residence of the Prime Minister , Labor Office , tax office , district administration , district administration , municipal administration , city hall , courthouse , prosecutor Building , Federal Archives, state institutions of entities of public law
- Private administrative buildings: office buildings , administrative buildings , administrative center , archive building
Public Safety Buildings
- Executive: Bundeswehr structure , federal police structure , police structure , Alcazaba , Alenkastell , castle , fortress , fort,
- Safekeeping: prison , reformatory , juvenile correctional facility (JVA) ,
- Quality assurance: building of the Technical Monitoring Association (TÜV)
- Disaster control: Emergency structure / technical relief organization (THW) , fire station , shelter construction , bunker
Buildings for trade or commerce
- Focus sales: pharmacy , kiosk , retail store , self-service shop , shopping mall , department store , department store , shopping center , vending street , shopping street , Market Hall , mail order
- Focus on service: service business , commercial data center
- Focus on storage and distribution: warehouse , high-bay warehouse , storage , silo , cold store , logistics and distribution center
- Mixed function: commercial , residential and commercial buildings
Buildings and facilities for money and payment transactions
Lottery acceptance point , betting office , pawnshop , savings bank building , post office building , bank building , stock exchange , customs building
Traffic structures
- Buildings for pedestrians: sidewalk , footbridge , pedestrian tunnel , square , shelter
- Road structures:
- stationary traffic: truck stop , motorway service station , park-and-ride facilities , parking deck, parking , gas station , underground , road maintenance , highway maintenance
- Flowing traffic: Motorway , federal highway , bus station , bridge , roundabout , bicycle traffic system , sign gantry , road , tunnel , overpass , underpass , residential street
- Buildings for rail traffic: Buildings for the monorail , structures for the cable car , train station , depot , tram depot , bridge , locomotive shed , roundhouse , signal box , underground station , tunnel
- Water transport structures: boathouse , bridge , docking facilities , harbor , ship lift , lock , loading bridge ,
- Aviation structures: airport , hangar , helicopter landing pad , radar system , runway , tower , apron ,
- Other traffic structures: control bunker , launch pad , rocket launch site , spaceport
Agriculture, forestry, veterinary and animal care structures
- Horticulture / forestry: depot , forestry , forest house , forestry building , gardening , greenhouse , raised hide
- Agriculture: Alpine hut , alpine pasture, farm , tool shed , cellar , dairy , barn , stable , silo , animal breeding business , winery , fence
- Veterinary: serving, veterinary station , veterinary investigation office ,
- Animal care: animal shelter , dovecote , zoo building
Industrial buildings
- General: factory , box factory , industrial building , industrial hall , assembly hall , manufacturing plant , workshop ,
- Construction industry: building the construction industry , building yard , concrete , gravel plant , stone mill , cement plant ,
- Chemical industry: building of the chemical industry , chemical plant , refinery ,
- Electrical industry: building of the electrical industry ,
- Wood and paper industry: structure of the wood industry , paper industry , sawmill ,
- Food industry, beverage industry: Structure of the food industry , building in the beverage industry , bakery , brewing , distilling , slaughterhouse , chocolate factory ,
- Metal industry:
- Metal production: construction of basic metals , iron , blast furnace , smelting works , steel works ,
- Metalworking: Building the metalworking , forging ,
- Textile industry: building of the textile industry , the linen industry , the clothing industry , lace making , sewing , carpet weaving , laundry , weaving , knitting ,
Supply structures and disposal structures
- Energy supply structures:
- general: heating plant , power plant , list of power plants
- with fossil fuels: gas power plant, nuclear power plant , boiler house , coal power plant , reprocessing plant ,
- with renewable energy: biogas plant , biomass cogeneration plant , plants for geothermal -Gewinnung, tidal power , small wind turbine , weir , dam , thermal power plant , wind turbine , windmill , wind pump
- Focus on electricity: power station , pumped storage station , switchgear , converter hall , transformer station , substation
- Energy transmission : overhead line mast , cooling tower , pipeline
- Energy storage : gasometer , tank farm , tank (container)
- Water supply and drainage structures:
- general: shaft,
- Supply, irrigation: aqueduct , well , canal , seawater desalination plant , water tower , pumping station ,
- Drainage: lifting system , waste water system , soil drainage system , drain channel , building drainage system , wastewater recycling building , sewage works , sewage treatment system , the pumping station , receiving water ,
- Information supply structures: radio tower , television tower , earth station , transmission tower , self-radiating transmission mast , transmission mast , overseas cable
- Buildings for waste disposal: waste incineration plant , landfill , landfill for hazardous waste , repository
Hydraulic engineering
- General: model test facility , flow channel , barrage , shipyard , dry dock , floating dock , quay
- Water transport structures: see transport structures
- Inland water engineering: dyke , bank reinforcement , weir , flood protection structure , construction measures for river cleaning , safety measures for water protection , canal construction , lock , ship lift , fish ladder , inland port construction , sports port construction , marina , slipway , landing stage
- Sea water engineering: Sea dikes , structures for tide control , coastal protection , breakwaters , fortifications , construction measures for land reclamation , polders , shoring , structures for securing and regulating sea waterways , fairways , sea signal systems , lighthouse , beacon , seaport construction , jack-up platform
literature
- Ernst Seidl (ed.): Lexicon of building types. Functions and forms of architecture . Stuttgart: Philipp Reclam jun. Verlag, 2006, ISBN 978-3-15-010572-6